{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_9700/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_9700","id":"gutenberg_9700","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/9700","summary":null,"tags":["Category: British Literature","Category: Classics of Literature","Category: Historical Novels","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Dragons -- Poetry","Epic poetry, English (Old)","Monsters -- Poetry","Poetry"],"text":"** Preface to the Project Gutenberg Edition of Beowulf **\n\nThis text is a corrected version of the fourth edition of Harrison and\nSharp in its entirety. It comes in two basic versions. The base version,\navailable in 8-bit (Latin-1) text and HTML, presents the original text as\nprinted. This file contains the original version. It preserves the\nsource-text's idiosyncratic use of accented vowels with the exception of\ny-circumflex, which is replaced by y-acute (\u00fd) to fit within the Latin-1\ncharacter set. Manifestly unintentional errors in the text have been\ncorrected. In general, this has only been done when the text is internally\ninconsistent (e.g., a quotation in the glossary does not match the main\ntext). Forms that represent deliberate editorial choice have not been\naltered, even where they appear wrong. (For example, some of the markings\nof vowel length do not reflect current scholarly consensus.) Where an\nuncorrected problem may confuse the reader, I have inserted a note\nexplaining the difficulty, signed KTH. A complete list of the changes made\nis appended at the end of the file. In order to make the text more useful\nto modern readers, I have also produced a revised edition, available in\nUnicode (UTF-8) and HTML. Notes from the source text that indicate changes\nadopted in later editions have been incorporated directly into the text and\napparatus. Further, long vowels are indicated with macrons, as is the\ncommon practice of most modern editions. Finally, the quantity of some\nwords has been altered to the values currently accepted as correct.\nQuantities have not been changed when the difference is a matter of\neditorial interpretation (e.g., g\u00e4st vs. g\u00e6st in l. 102, etc.) A list of\nthese altered quantities appears at the end of the list of corrections.\nYour browser must support the Unicode character set to use the revised\nversion.\n\nExplanation of the Vowel Accenting\n\nIn general, Harrison and Sharp use circumflex accents over vowels to mark\nlong vowels. For ash, however, the actual character '\u00e6' represents the long\nvowel. Short ash is rendered with a-umlaut (\u00e4). The long diphthongs (eo,\nea, etc.) are indicated with an acute accent over the _second_ vowel (e\u00f3,\ne\u00e1, etc.).\n\n** End of PG Preface **\n\n\nI. BE\u00d3WULF:\n\n_AN ANGLO-SAXON POEM_.\n\nII. THE FIGHT AT FINNSBURH:\n\n_A FRAGMENT_.\n\nWITH TEXT AND GLOSSARY ON THE BASIS OF M. HEYNE.\n\nEDITED, CORRECTED, AND ENLARGED, BY\n\nJAMES A. HARRISON, LL.D., LITT. D.,\n\nPROFESSOR OF ENGLISH AND MODERN LANGUAGES, WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY,\n\nAND\n\nROBERT SHARP (PH.D. LIPS.),\n\nPROFESSOR OF GREEK AND ENGLISH, TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA.\n\nFOURTH EDITION. REVISED, WITH NOTES.\n\nGINN & COMPANY\n\nBOSTON--NEW YORK--CHICAGO--LONDON\n\nEntered according to Act of Congress in the year 1883, by\n\nJAMES ALBERT HARRISON AND ROBERT SHARP\n\nin the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.\n\n\n\nDEDICATED\n\nTO\n\nPROFESSOR F. A. MARCH, OF LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, PA.,\n\nAND\n\nFREDERICK J. FURNIVALL, ESQ. FOUNDER OF THE \"NEW SHAKSPERE SOCIETY,\" THE\n\"CHAUCER SOCIETY,\" ETC., ETC.\n\n\n\nPREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.\n\nThe favor with which the successive editions of \"Be\u00f3wulf\" have been\nreceived during the past thirteen years emboldens the editors to continue\nthe work of revision in a fourth issue, the most noticeable feature of\nwhich is a considerable body of explanatory Notes, now for the first time\nadded. These Notes mainly concern themselves with new textual readings,\nwith here and there grammatical, geographical, and arch\u00e6ological points\nthat seemed worthy of explanation. Parallelisms and parallel passages are\nconstantly compared, with the view of making the poem illustrate and\nexplain itself. A few emendations and textual changes are suggested by the\neditors with all possible diffidence; numerous corrections have been made\nin the Glossary and List of Names; and the valuable parts of former\nAppendices have been embodied in the Notes.\n\nFor the Notes, the editors are much indebted to the various German\nperiodicals mentioned on page 116, to the recent publications of Professors\nEarle and J. L. Hall, to Mr. S. A. Brooke, and to the Heyne-Socin edition\nof \"Be\u00f3wulf.\" No change has been made in the system of accentuation, though\na few errors in quantity have been corrected. The editors are looking\nforward to an eventual fifth edition, in which an entirely new text will be\npresented.\n\nOctober, 1893.\n\n\n\nNOTE TO THE THIRD EDITION.\n\nThis third edition of the American issue of Be\u00f3wulf will, the editors hope,\nbe found more accurate and useful than either of the preceding editions.\nFurther corrections in text and glossary have been made, and some\nadditional new readings and suggestions will be found in two brief\nappendices at the back of the book. Students of the metrical system of\nBe\u00f3wulf will find ample material for their studies in Sievers' exhaustive\nessay on that subject (Beitr\u00e4ge, X. 209-314).\n\nSocin's edition of Heyne's Be\u00f3wulf (called the fifth edition) has been\nutilized to some extent in this edition, though it unfortunately came too\nlate to be freely used. While it repeats many of the omissions and\ninaccuracies of Heyne's fourth edition, it contains much that is valuable\nto the student, particularly in the notes and commentary. Students of the\npoem, which has been subjected to much searching criticism during the last\ndecade, will also derive especial help from the contributions of Sievers\nand Kluge on difficult questions appertaining to it. W\u00fclker's new edition\n(in the Grein _Bibliothek_) is of the highest value, however one may\ndissent from particular textual views laid down in the 'Berichtigter Text.'\nPaul and Braune's Beitr\u00e4ge contain a varied miscellany of hints,\ncorrections, and suggestions principally embodying the views of Kluge,\nCosijn, Sievers, and Bugge, some of the more important of which are found\nin the appendices to the present and the preceding edition. Holder and\nZupitza, Sarrazin and Hermann M\u00f6ller (Kiel, 1883), Heinzel (Anzeiger f.d.\nAlterthum, X.), Gering (Zacher's Zeitschrift, XII.), Brenner (Eng. Studien,\nIX.), and the contributors to Anglia, have assisted materially in the\ntextual and metrical interpretation of the poem.\n\nThe subject of Anglo-Saxon quantity has been discussed in several able\nessays by Sievers, Sweet, Ten Brink (Anzeiger, f.d. Alterthum, V.), Kluge\n(Beitr\u00e4ge, XI.), and others; but so much is uncertain in this field that\nthe editors have left undisturbed the marking of vowels found in the text\nof their original edition, while indicating in the appendices the now\naccepted views of scholars on the quantity of the personal pronouns (m\u00ea,\nw\u00ea, \u00fe\u00fb, \u00fe\u00ea, g\u00ea, h\u00ea); the adverb n\u00fb, etc. Perhaps it would be best to banish\nabsolutely all attempts at marking quantities except in cases where the Ms.\nhas them marked.\n\nAn approximately complete Bibliography of Be\u00f3wulf literature will be found\nin W\u00fclker's _Grundriss_ and in Garnett's translation of the poem.\n\nJAMES A. HARRISON,\n\nROBERT SHARP.\n\nWASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY,\nLEXINGTON, VA., May, 1888.\n\n\nNOTE TO THE SECOND REVISED EDITION.\n\nThe editors feel so encouraged at the kind reception accorded their edition\nof Be\u00f3wulf (1883), that, in spite of its many shortcomings, they have\ndetermined to prepare a second revised edition of the book, and thus\nendeavor to extend its sphere of usefulness. About twenty errors had,\nnotwithstanding a vigilant proof-reading, crept into the text,--errors in\nsingle letters, accents, and punctuation. These have been corrected, and it\nis hoped that the text has been rendered generally accurate and\ntrustworthy. In the List of Names one or two corrections have been made,\nand in the Glossary numerous mistakes in gender, classification, and\ntranslation, apparently unavoidable in a first edition, have been\nrectified. Wherever these mistakes concern _single_ letters, or occupy very\nsmall space, they have been corrected in the plates; where they are longer,\nand the expense of correcting them in the plates would have been very\ngreat, the editors have thought it best to include them in an Appendix of\nCorrections and Additions, which will be found at the back of the book.\nStudents are accordingly referred to this Appendix for important longer\ncorrections and additions. It is believed that the value of the book has\nbeen much enhanced by an Appendix of Recent Readings, based on late\ncriticisms and essays from the pens of Sievers, Kluge, Cosijn, Holder,\nW\u00fclker, and Sweet. A perplexed student, in turning to these suggested\nreadings, will often find great help in unravelling obscure or corrupt\npassages.\n\nThe objectionable \u00e4 and \u00e6, for the short and the long diphthong, have been\nretained in the revised edition, owing to the impossibility of removing\nthem without entirely recasting the plates.\n\nIn conclusion, the editors would acknowledge their great indebtedness to\nthe friends and critics whose remarks and criticisms have materially aided\nin the correction of the text,--particularly to Profs. C.P.G. Scott,\nBaskervill, Price, and J.M. Hart; to Prof. J.W. Bright; and to the\nauthorities of Cornell University, for the loan of periodicals necessary to\nthe completeness of the revision. While the second revised edition still\ncontains much that might be improved, the editors cannot but hope that it\nis an advance on its predecessor, and that it will continue its work of\nextending the study of Old English throughout the land.\n\nJUNE, 1885.\n\n\nNOTE I.\n\nThe present work, carefully edited from Heyne's fourth edition, (Paderborn,\n1879), is designed primarily for college classes in Anglo-Saxon, rather\nthan for independent investigators or for seekers after a restored or ideal\ntext. The need of an American edition of \"Be\u00f3wulf\" has long been felt, as,\nhitherto, students have had either to send to Germany for a text, or\nsecure, with great trouble, one of the scarce and expensive English\neditions. Heyne's first edition came out in 1863, and was followed in 1867\nand 1873 by a second and a third edition, all three having essentially the\nsame text.\n\nSo many important contributions to the \"Be\u00f3wulf\" literature were, however,\nmade between 1873 and 1879 that Heyne found it necessary to put forth a new\nedition (1879). In this new, last edition, the text was subjected to a\ncareful revision, and was fortified by the views, contributions, and\ncriticisms of other zealous scholars. In it the collation of the unique\n\"Be\u00f3wulf\" Ms. (Vitellius A. 15: Cottonian Mss. of the British Museum), as\nmade by E. K\u00f6lbing in Herrig's _Archiv_ (Bd. 56; 1876), was followed\nwherever the present condition of the Ms. had to be discussed; and the\nresearches of Bugge, Bieger, and others, on single passages, were made use\nof. The discussion of the metrical structure of the poem, as occurring in\nthe second and third editions, was omitted in the fourth, owing to the many\ncontroversies in which the subject is still involved. The present editor\nhas thought it best to do the same, though, happily, the subject of Old\nEnglish _Metrik_ is undergoing a steady illumination through the labors of\nSchipper and others.\n\nSome errors and misplaced accents in Heyne's text have been corrected in\nthe present edition, in which, as in the general revision of the text, the\neditor has been most kindly aided by Prof. J.M. Garnett, late Principal of\nSt. John's College, Maryland.\n\nIn the preparation of the present school edition it has been thought best\nto omit Heyne's notes, as they concern themselves principally with\nconjectural emendations, substitutions of one reading for another, and\ndiscussions of the condition of the Ms. Until W\u00fclker's text and the\nphotographic fac-simile of the original Ms. are in the hands of all\nscholars, it will be better not to introduce such matters in the school\nroom, where they would puzzle without instructing.\n\nFor convenience of reference, the editor has added a head-line to each\n\"fit\" of the poem, with a view to facilitate a knowledge of its episodes.\n\nWASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY,\nLEXINGTON, VA., June, 1882.\n\n\nNOTE II.\n\nThe editors now have the pleasure of presenting to the public a complete\ntext and a tolerably complete glossary of \"Be\u00f3wulf.\" The edition is the\nfirst published in America, and the first of its special kind presented to\nthe English public, and it is the initial volume of a \"Library of\nAnglo-Saxon Poetry,\" to be edited under the same auspices and with the\nco\u00f6peration of distinguished scholars in this country. Among these scholars\nmay be mentioned Professors F.A. March of Lafayette College, T.K. Price of\nColumbia College, and W.M. Baskervill of Vanderbilt University.\n\nIn the preparation of the Glossary the editors found it necessary to\nabandon a literal and exact translation of Heyne for several reasons, and\namong others from the fact that Heyne seems to be wrong in the translation\nof some of his illustrative quotations, and even translates the same\npassage in two or three different ways under different headings. The\northography of his glossary differs considerably from the orthography of\nhis text. He fails to discriminate with due nicety the meanings of many of\nthe words in his vocabulary, while criticism more recent than his latest\nedition (1879) has illustrated or overthrown several of his renderings. The\nreferences were found to be incorrect in innumerable instances, and had to\nbe verified in every individual case so far as this was possible, a few\nonly, which resisted all efforts at verification, having to be indicated by\nan interrogation point (?). The references are exceedingly numerous, and\nthe labor of verifying them was naturally great. To many passages in the\nGlossary, where Heyne's translation could not be trusted with entire\ncertainty, the editors have added other translations of phrases and\nsentences or of special words; and in this they have been aided by a\ncareful study of the text and a comparison and utilization of the views of\nKemble and Professor J.M. Garnett (who takes Grein for his foundation).\nMany new references have been added; and the various passages in which\nHeyne fails to indicate whether a given verb is weak or strong, or fails to\npoint out the number, etc., of the illustrative form, have been corrected\nand made to harmonize with the general plan of the work. Numerous misprints\nin the glossary have also been corrected, and a brief glossary to the\nFinnsburh-fragment, prepared by Dr. Wm. Hand Browne, and supplemented and\nadapted by the editor-in-chief, has been added.\n\nThe editors think that they may without immodesty put forth for themselves\nsomething more than the claim of being re-translators of a translation: the\npresent edition is, so far as they were able to make it so, an adaptation,\ncorrection, and extension of the work of the great German scholar to whose\nloving appreciation of the Anglo-Saxon epic all students of Old English owe\na debt of gratitude. While following his usually sure and cautious\nguidance, and in the main appropriating his results, they have thought it\nbest to deviate from him in the manner above indicated, whenever it seemed\nthat he was wrong. The careful reader will notice at once the marks of\ninterrogation which point out these deviations, or which introduce a point\nof view illustrative of, or supplementary to, the one given by the German\neditor. No doubt the editors are wrong themselves in many\nplaces,--\"Be\u00f3wulf\" is a most difficult poem,--but their view may at least\nbe defended by a reference to the original text, which they have faithfully\nand constantly consulted.\n\nA good many cognate Modern English words have been introduced here and\nthere in the Glossary with a view to illustration, and other addenda will\nbe found between brackets and parenthetical marks.\n\nIt is hoped that the present edition of the most famous of Old English\npoems will do something to promote a valuable and interesting study.\n\n\nJAMES A. HARRISON,\n_Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va._\n\nROBERT SHARP,\n_University of Louisiana, New Orleans_.\n\nApril, 1883.\n\n\nThe responsibility of the editors is as follows: H. is responsible for the\nText, and for the Glossary from hr\u00eenan on; S. for the List of Names, and\nfor the Glossary as far as hr\u00eenan.\n\nARGUMENT.\n\nThe only national [Anglo-Saxon] epic which has been preserved entire is\nBe\u00f3wulf. Its argument is briefly as follows:--The poem opens with a few\nverses in praise of the Danish Kings, especially Scild, the son of Sceaf.\nHis death is related, and his descendants briefly traced down to Hro\u00f0gar.\nHro\u00f0gar, elated with his prosperity and success in war, builds a\nmagnificent hall, which he calls Heorot. In this hall Hro\u00f0gar and his\nretainers live in joy and festivity, until a malignant fiend, called\nGrendel, jealous of their happiness, carries off by night thirty of\nHro\u00f0gar's men, and devours them in his moorland retreat. These ravages go\non for twelve years. Be\u00f3wulf, a thane of Hygelac, King of the Goths,\nhearing of Hro\u00f0gar's calamities, sails from Sweden with fourteen\nwarriors--to help him. They reach the Danish coast in safety; and, after an\nanimated parley with Hro\u00f0gar's coastguard, who at first takes them for\npirates, they are allowed to proceed to the royal hall, where they are well\nreceived by Hro\u00f0gar. A banquet ensues, during which Be\u00f3wulf is taunted by\nthe envious Hunferh\u00f0 about his swimming-match with Breca, King of the\nBrondings. Be\u00f3wulf gives the true account of the contest, and silences\nHunferh\u00f0. At night-fall the King departs, leaving Be\u00f3wulf in charge of the\nhall. Grendel soon breaks in, seizes and devours one of Be\u00f3wulf's\ncompanions; is attacked by Be\u00f3wulf, and, after losing an arm, which is torn\noff by Be\u00f3wulf, escapes to the fens. The joy of Hro\u00f0gar and the Danes, and\ntheir festivities, are described, various episodes are introduced, and\nBe\u00f3wulf and his companions receive splendid gifts. The next night Grendel's\nmother revenges her son by carrying off \u00c6schere, the friend and councillor\nof Hro\u00f0gar, during the absence of Be\u00f3wulf. Hro\u00f0gar appeals to Be\u00f3wulf for\nvengeance, and describes the haunts of Grendel and his mother. They all\nproceed thither; the scenery of the lake, and the monsters that dwell in\nit, are described. Be\u00f3wulf plunges into the water, and attacks Grendel's\nmother in her dwelling at the bottom of the lake. He at length overcomes\nher, and cuts off her head, together with that of Grendel, and brings the\nheads to Hro\u00f0gar. He then takes leave of Hro\u00f0gar, sails back to Sweden, and\nrelates his adventures to Hygelac. Here the first half of the poem ends.\nThe second begins with the accession of Be\u00f3wulf to the throne, after the\nfall of Hygelac and his son Heardred. He rules prosperously for fifty\nyears, till a dragon, brooding over a hidden treasure, begins to ravage the\ncountry, and destroys Be\u00f3wulf's palace with fire. Be\u00f3wulf sets out in quest\nof its hiding-place, with twelve men. Having a presentiment of his\napproaching end, he pauses and recalls to mind his past life and exploits.\nHe then takes leave of his followers, one by one, and advances alone to\nattack the dragon. Unable, from the heat, to enter the cavern, he shouts\naloud, and the dragon comes forth. The dragon's scaly hide is proof against\nBe\u00f3wulf's sword, and he is reduced to great straits. Then Wiglaf, one of\nhis followers, advances to help him. Wiglaf's shield is consumed by the\ndragon's fiery breath, and he is compelled to seek shelter under Be\u00f3wulf's\nshield of iron. Be\u00f3wulf's sword snaps asunder, and he is seized by the\ndragon. Wiglaf stabs the dragon from underneath, and Be\u00f3wulf cuts it in two\nwith his dagger. Feeling that his end is near, he bids Wiglaf bring out the\ntreasures from the cavern, that he may see them before he dies. Wiglaf\nenters the dragon's den, which is described, returns to Be\u00f3wulf, and\nreceives his last commands. Be\u00f3wulf dies, and Wiglaf bitterly reproaches\nhis companions for their cowardice. The disastrous consequences of\nBe\u00f3wulf's death are then foretold, and the poem ends with his funeral.--H.\nSweet, in Warton's _History of English Poetry_, Vol. II. (ed. 1871). Cf.\nalso Ten Brink's _History of English Literature_.\n\n\n\n\nBE\u00d3WULF.\n\n\nI. THE PASSING OF SCYLD.\n\n     Hw\u00e4t! we G\u00e2r-Dena      in ge\u00e2r-dagum\n     \u00fee\u00f3d-cyninga      \u00ferym gefrunon,\n     h\u00fb \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4\u00f0elingas      ellen fremedon.\n     Oft Scyld Sc\u00eafing      scea\u00f0ena \u00fere\u00e1tum,\n5    monegum m\u00e6g\u00f0um      meodo-setla ofte\u00e1h.\n     Egsode eorl,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e6rest wear\u00f0\n     fe\u00e1-sceaft funden:      he \u00fe\u00e4s fr\u00f4fre geb\u00e2d,\n     we\u00f4x under wolcnum,      weor\u00f0-myndum \u00f0\u00e2h,\n     \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t him \u00e6ghwylc      \u00fe\u00e2ra ymb-sittendra\n10   ofer hron-r\u00e2de      h\u00fdran scolde,\n     gomban gyldan:      \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s g\u00f4d cyning!\n     \u00fe\u00e4m eafera w\u00e4s      \u00e4fter cenned\n     geong in geardum,      \u00feone god sende\n     folce t\u00f4 fr\u00f4fre;      fyren-\u00feearfe ongeat,\n15   \u00fe\u00e4t hie \u00e6r drugon      aldor-le\u00e1se\n     lange hw\u00eele.      Him \u00fe\u00e4s l\u00eef-fre\u00e1,\n     wuldres wealdend,      worold-\u00e2re forgeaf;\n     Be\u00f3wulf w\u00e4s breme      (bl\u00e6d w\u00eede sprang),\n     Scyldes eafera      Scede-landum in.\n20   Sw\u00e2 sceal geong guma,      g\u00f4de gewyrcean,\n     fromum feoh-giftum      on f\u00e4der wine,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hine on ylde      eft gewunigen\n     wil-ges\u00ee\u00f0as,      \u00feonne w\u00eeg cume,\n     le\u00f3de gel\u00e6sten:      lof-d\u00e6dum sceal\n25   in m\u00e6g\u00f0a gehw\u00e6re      man ge\u00fee\u00f3n.\n     Him \u00fe\u00e2 Scyld gew\u00e2t      t\u00f4 gesc\u00e4p-hw\u00eele\n     fela-hr\u00f4r f\u00earan      on fre\u00e1n w\u00e6re;\n     hi hyne \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4tb\u00e6ron      t\u00f4 brimes faro\u00f0e.\n     sw\u00e6se ges\u00ee\u00f0as,      sw\u00e2 he selfa b\u00e4d,\n30   \u00feenden wordum we\u00f3ld      wine Scyldinga,\n     le\u00f3f land-fruma      lange \u00e2hte.\n     \u00de\u00e6r \u00e4t h\u00fd\u00f0e st\u00f4d      hringed-stefna,\n     \u00eesig and \u00fbtf\u00fbs,      \u00e4\u00f0elinges f\u00e4r;\n     \u00e2-l\u00eadon \u00fe\u00e2      le\u00f3fne \u00fee\u00f3den,\n35   be\u00e1ga bryttan      on bearm scipes,\n     m\u00e6rne be m\u00e4ste.      \u00de\u00e6r w\u00e4s m\u00e2dma fela,\n     of feor-wegum      fr\u00e4twa gel\u00e6ded:\n     ne h\u00fdrde ic cyml\u00eecor      ce\u00f3l gegyrwan\n     hilde-w\u00e6pnum      and hea\u00f0o-w\u00e6dum,\n40   billum and byrnum;      him on bearme l\u00e4g\n     m\u00e2dma m\u00e4nigo,      \u00fe\u00e2 him mid scoldon\n     on fl\u00f4des \u00e6ht      feor gew\u00eetan.\n     Nalas hi hine l\u00e4ssan      l\u00e2cum te\u00f3dan,\n     \u00fee\u00f3d-gestre\u00f3num,      \u00feonne \u00fe\u00e2 dydon,\n45   \u00fee hine \u00e4t frumsceafte      for\u00f0 onsendon\n     \u00e6nne ofer \u00fd\u00f0e      umbor wesende:\n     \u00fe\u00e2 gyt hie him \u00e2setton      segen gyldenne\n     he\u00e1h ofer he\u00e1fod,      l\u00eaton holm beran,\n     ge\u00e2fon on g\u00e2r-secg:      him w\u00e4s ge\u00f4mor sefa,\n50   murnende m\u00f4d.      Men ne cunnon\n     secgan t\u00f4 so\u00f0e      sele-r\u00e6dende,\n     h\u00e4le\u00f0 under heofenum,      hw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4m hl\u00e4ste onf\u00eang.\n\n\nII. THE HALL HEOROT.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s on burgum      Be\u00f3wulf Scyldinga,\n     le\u00f3f le\u00f3d-cyning,      longe \u00ferage\n55   folcum gefr\u00e6ge      (f\u00e4der ellor hwearf,\n     aldor of earde),      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t him eft onw\u00f4c\n     he\u00e1h Healfdene;      he\u00f3ld \u00feenden lifde,\n     gamol and g\u00fb\u00f0-re\u00f3w,      gl\u00e4de Scyldingas.\n     \u00de\u00e4m fe\u00f3wer bearn      for\u00f0-ger\u00eemed\n60   in worold w\u00f4cun,      weoroda r\u00e6swan,\n     Heorog\u00e2r and Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r      and H\u00e2lga til;\n     h\u00fdrde ic, \u00feat Elan cw\u00ean      Ongen\u00fee\u00f3wes w\u00e4s\n     Hea\u00f0oscilfinges      heals-gebedde.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re      here-sp\u00ead gyfen,\n65   w\u00eeges weor\u00f0-mynd,      \u00fe\u00e4t him his wine-m\u00e2gas\n     georne h\u00fdrdon,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t se\u00f3 geogo\u00f0 gewe\u00f4x,\n     mago-driht micel.      Him on m\u00f4d bearn,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t heal-reced      h\u00e2tan wolde,\n     medo-\u00e4rn micel      men gewyrcean,\n70   \u00feone yldo bearn      \u00e6fre gefrunon,\n     and \u00fe\u00e6r on innan      eall ged\u00e6lan\n     geongum and ealdum,      swylc him god sealde,\n     b\u00fbton folc-scare      and feorum gumena.\n     \u00de\u00e2 ic w\u00eede gefr\u00e4gn      weorc gebannan\n75   manigre m\u00e6g\u00f0e      geond \u00feisne middan-geard,\n     folc-stede fr\u00e4twan.      Him on fyrste gelomp\n     \u00e4dre mid yldum,      \u00fe\u00e4t hit wear\u00f0 eal gearo,\n     heal-\u00e4rna m\u00e6st;      sc\u00f4p him Heort naman,\n     se \u00fee his wordes geweald      w\u00eede h\u00e4fde.\n80   He be\u00f3t ne \u00e2l\u00eah,      be\u00e1gas d\u00e6lde,\n     sinc \u00e4t symle.      Sele hlifade\n     he\u00e1h and horn-ge\u00e1p:      hea\u00f0o-wylma b\u00e2d,\n     l\u00e2\u00f0an l\u00eeges;      ne w\u00e4s hit lenge \u00fe\u00e2 gen\n     \u00fe\u00e4t se ecg-hete      \u00e2\u00f0um-swerian\n85   \u00e4fter w\u00e4l-n\u00ee\u00f0e      w\u00e4cnan scolde.\n     \u00de\u00e2 se ellen-g\u00e6st      earfo\u00f0l\u00eece\n     \u00ferage ge\u00feolode,      se \u00fee in \u00fe\u00fdstrum b\u00e2d,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he d\u00f4gora gehw\u00e2m      dre\u00e1m geh\u00fdrde\n     hl\u00fbdne in healle;      \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s hearpan sw\u00eag,\n90   swutol sang sc\u00f4pes.      S\u00e4gde se \u00fee c\u00fb\u00f0e\n     frum-sceaft fira      feorran reccan,\n     cw\u00e4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t se \u00e4lmihtiga      eor\u00f0an worhte,\n     wlite-beorhtne wang,      sw\u00e2 w\u00e4ter beb\u00fbge\u00f0,\n     gesette sige-hr\u00ea\u00f0ig      sunnan and m\u00f4nan\n95   le\u00f3man t\u00f4 le\u00f3hte      land-b\u00fbendum,\n     and gefr\u00e4twade      foldan sce\u00e1tas\n     leomum and le\u00e1fum;      l\u00eef e\u00e1c gesce\u00f4p\n     cynna gehwylcum,      \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee cwice hwyrfa\u00f0.\n     Sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e2 driht-guman      dre\u00e1mum lifdon\n100  e\u00e1digl\u00eece,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00e2n ongan\n     fyrene fremman,      fe\u00f3nd on helle:\n     w\u00e4s se grimma g\u00e4st      Grendel h\u00e2ten,\n     m\u00e6re mearc-stapa,      se \u00fee m\u00f4ras he\u00f3ld,\n     fen and f\u00e4sten;      f\u00eefel-cynnes eard\n105  won-s\u00e6lig wer      weardode hw\u00eele,\n     si\u00f0\u00f0an him scyppend      forscrifen h\u00e4fde.\n     In Caines cynne      \u00feone cwealm gewr\u00e4c,\n     \u00eace drihten,      \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee he Abel sl\u00f4g;\n     ne gefeah he \u00fe\u00e6re f\u00e6h\u00f0e,      ac he hine feor forwr\u00e4c,\n110  metod for \u00fe\u00fd m\u00e2ne      man-cynne fram.\n     \u00deanon untydras      ealle onw\u00f4con,\n     eotenas and ylfe      and orcn\u00eaas,\n     swylce gigantas,      \u00fe\u00e2 wi\u00f0 gode wunnon\n     lange \u00ferage;      he him \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00e1n forgeald.\n\n\nIII. GRENDEL'S VISITS.\n\n115  Gew\u00e2t \u00fe\u00e2 ne\u00f3sian,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an niht becom,\n     he\u00e1n h\u00fbses,      h\u00fb hit Hring-Dene\n     \u00e4fter be\u00f3r-\u00feege      geb\u00fbn h\u00e4fdon.\n     Fand \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r inne      \u00e4\u00f0elinga gedriht\n     swefan \u00e4fter symble;      sorge ne c\u00fb\u00f0on,\n120  won-sceaft wera.      Wiht unh\u00e6lo\n     grim and gr\u00e6dig      gearo s\u00f4na w\u00e4s,\n     re\u00f3c and r\u00ea\u00f0e,      and on r\u00e4ste genam\n     \u00feritig \u00feegna:      \u00feanon eft gew\u00e2t\n     h\u00fb\u00f0e hr\u00eamig      t\u00f4 h\u00e2m faran,\n125  mid \u00fe\u00e6re w\u00e4l-fylle      w\u00eeca ne\u00f3san.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s on uhtan      mid \u00e6r-d\u00e4ge\n     Grendles g\u00fb\u00f0-cr\u00e4ft      gumum undyrne:\n     \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s \u00e4fter wiste      w\u00f4p up \u00e2hafen,\n     micel morgen-sw\u00eag.      M\u00e6re \u00fee\u00f3den,\n130  \u00e4\u00f0eling \u00e6r-g\u00f4d,      unbl\u00ee\u00f0e s\u00e4t,\n     \u00feolode \u00fer\u00fd\u00f0-sw\u00fd\u00f0,      \u00feegn-sorge dre\u00e1h,\n     sy\u00f0\u00f0an hie \u00fe\u00e4s l\u00e2\u00f0an      l\u00e2st sce\u00e1wedon,\n     wergan g\u00e2stes;      w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t gewin t\u00f4 strang,\n     l\u00e2\u00f0 and longsum.      N\u00e4s hit lengra fyrst,\n135  ac ymb \u00e2ne niht      eft gefremede\n     mor\u00f0-beala m\u00e2re      and n\u00f4 mearn fore\n     f\u00e6h\u00f0e and fyrene;      w\u00e4s t\u00f4 f\u00e4st on \u00fe\u00e2m.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s e\u00e1\u00f0-fynde,      \u00fee him elles hw\u00e6r\n     ger\u00fbml\u00eecor      r\u00e4ste s\u00f4hte,\n140  bed \u00e4fter b\u00fbrum,      \u00fe\u00e2 him gebe\u00e1cnod w\u00e4s,\n     ges\u00e4gd s\u00f4\u00f0l\u00eece      sweotolan t\u00e2cne\n     heal-\u00feegnes hete;      he\u00f3ld hine sy\u00f0\u00f0an\n     fyr and f\u00e4stor,      se \u00fe\u00e4m fe\u00f3nde \u00e4twand.\n     Sw\u00e2 r\u00eexode      and wi\u00f0 rihte wan\n145  \u00e2na wi\u00f0 eallum,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00eedel st\u00f4d\n     h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest.      W\u00e4s se\u00f3 hw\u00eel micel:\n     twelf wintra t\u00eed      torn ge\u00feolode\n     wine Scyldinga,      we\u00e1na gehwelcne,\n     s\u00eedra sorga;      for\u00feam sy\u00f0\u00f0an wear\u00f0\n150  ylda bearnum      undyrne c\u00fb\u00f0,\n     gyddum ge\u00f4more,      \u00fe\u00e4tte Grendel wan,\n     hw\u00eele wi\u00f0 Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r;--      hete-n\u00ee\u00f0as w\u00e4g,\n     fyrene and f\u00e6h\u00f0e      fela missera,\n     singale s\u00e4ce,      sibbe ne wolde\n155  wi\u00f0 manna hwone      m\u00e4genes Deniga\n     feorh-bealo feorran,      fe\u00f3 \u00feingian,\n     ne \u00fe\u00e6r n\u00e6nig witena      w\u00eanan \u00feorfte\n     beorhtre b\u00f4te      t\u00f4 banan folmum;\n     atol \u00e4gl\u00e6ca      \u00eahtende w\u00e4s,\n160  deorc de\u00e1\u00f0-sc\u00fba      dugu\u00f0e and geogo\u00f0e\n     seomade and syrede.      Sin-nihte he\u00f3ld\n     mistige m\u00f4ras;      men ne cunnon,\n     hwyder hel-r\u00fbnan      hwyrftum scr\u00ee\u00f0a\u00f0.\n     Sw\u00e2 fela fyrena      fe\u00f3nd man-cynnes,\n165  atol \u00e2n-gengea,      oft gefremede\n     heardra h\u00fdn\u00f0a;      Heorot eardode,\n     sinc-f\u00e2ge sel      sweartum nihtum\n     (n\u00f4 he \u00feone gif-st\u00f4l      gr\u00eatan m\u00f4ste,\n     m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um for metode,      ne his myne wisse);\n170  \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s wr\u00e6c micel      wine Scyldinga,\n     m\u00f4des brec\u00f0a.      Monig-oft ges\u00e4t\n     r\u00eece t\u00f4 r\u00fbne;      r\u00e6d eahtedon,\n     hw\u00e4t sw\u00ee\u00f0-ferh\u00f0um      s\u00ealest w\u00e6re\n     wi\u00f0 f\u00e6r-gryrum      t\u00f4 gefremmanne.\n175  Hw\u00eelum hie geh\u00eaton      \u00e4t h\u00e4rg-trafum\n     wig-weor\u00f0unga,      wordum b\u00e6don,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t him g\u00e2st-bona      ge\u00f3ce gefremede\n     wi\u00f0 \u00fee\u00f3d-\u00fere\u00e1um.      Swylc w\u00e4s \u00fee\u00e1w hyra,\n     h\u00e6\u00f0enra hyht;      helle gemundon\n180  in m\u00f4d-sefan,      metod hie ne c\u00fb\u00f0on,\n     d\u00e6da d\u00eamend,      ne wiston hie drihten god,\n     ne hie h\u00fbru heofena helm      h\u00earian ne c\u00fb\u00f0on,\n     wuldres waldend.      W\u00e2 bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee sceal\n     \u00feurh sl\u00ee\u00f0ne n\u00ee\u00f0      s\u00e2wle besc\u00fbfan\n185  in f\u00fdres f\u00e4\u00f0m,      fr\u00f4fre ne w\u00eanan,\n     wihte gewendan;      wel bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee m\u00f4t\n     \u00e4fter de\u00e1\u00f0-d\u00e4ge      drihten s\u00eacean\n     and t\u00f4 f\u00e4der f\u00e4\u00f0mum      freo\u00f0o wilnian.\n\n\nIV. HYGELAC'S THANE.\n\n     Sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e6l-ceare      maga Healfdenes\n190  singala se\u00e1\u00f0;      ne mihte snotor h\u00e4le\u00f0\n     we\u00e1n onwendan:      w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t gewin t\u00f4 sw\u00fd\u00f0,\n     l\u00e2\u00f0 and longsum,      \u00fee on \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00f3de becom,\n     n\u00fdd-wracu n\u00ee\u00f0-grim,      niht-bealwa m\u00e6st.\n     \u00de\u00e4t fram h\u00e2m gefr\u00e4gn      Higel\u00e2ces \u00feegn,\n195  g\u00f4d mid Ge\u00e1tum,      Grendles d\u00e6da:\n     se w\u00e4s mon-cynnes      m\u00e4genes strengest\n     on \u00fe\u00e4m d\u00e4ge      \u00feysses l\u00eefes,\n     \u00e4\u00f0ele and e\u00e1cen.      H\u00eat him \u00fd\u00f0-lidan\n     g\u00f4dne gegyrwan;      cw\u00e4\u00f0 he g\u00fb\u00f0-cyning\n200  ofer swan-r\u00e2de      s\u00eacean wolde,\n     m\u00e6rne \u00fee\u00f3den,      \u00fe\u00e2 him w\u00e4s manna \u00feearf.\n     \u00deone s\u00ee\u00f0-f\u00e4t him      snotere ceorlas\n     lyt-hw\u00f4n l\u00f4gon,      \u00fee\u00e1h he him le\u00f3f w\u00e6re;\n     hwetton higer\u00f4fne,      h\u00e6l sce\u00e1wedon.\n205  H\u00e4fde se g\u00f4da      Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3da\n     cempan gecorone,      \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee he c\u00eanoste\n     findan mihte;      f\u00eeftena sum\n     sund-wudu s\u00f4hte;      secg w\u00eesade,\n     lagu-cr\u00e4ftig mon,      land-gemyrcu.\n210  Fyrst for\u00f0 gew\u00e2t:      flota w\u00e4s on \u00fd\u00f0um,\n     b\u00e2t under beorge.      Beornas gearwe\n     on stefn stigon;      stre\u00e1mas wundon\n     sund wi\u00f0 sande;      secgas b\u00e6ron\n     on bearm nacan      beorhte fr\u00e4twe,\n215  g\u00fb\u00f0-searo geatol\u00eec;      guman \u00fbt scufon,\n     weras on wil-s\u00ee\u00f0      wudu bundenne.\n     Gew\u00e2t \u00fe\u00e2 ofer w\u00e6g-holm      winde gef\u00fdsed\n     flota f\u00e2mig-heals      fugle gel\u00eecost,\n     \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t ymb \u00e2n-t\u00eed      \u00f4\u00f0res d\u00f4gores\n220  wunden-stefna      gewaden h\u00e4fde,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 l\u00ee\u00f0ende      land ges\u00e2won,\n     brim-clifu bl\u00eecan,      beorgas ste\u00e1pe,\n     s\u00eede s\u00e6-n\u00e4ssas:      \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s sund liden,\n     eoletes \u00e4t ende.      \u00deanon up hra\u00f0e\n225  Wedera le\u00f3de      on wang stigon,\n     s\u00e6-wudu s\u00e6ldon      (syrcan hrysedon,\n     g\u00fb\u00f0-gew\u00e6do);      gode \u00feancedon,\n     \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee him \u00fd\u00f0-l\u00e2de      e\u00e1\u00f0e wurdon.\n     \u00de\u00e2 of wealle geseah      weard Scildinga,\n230  se \u00fee holm-clifu      healdan scolde,\n     beran ofer bolcan      beorhte randas,\n     fyrd-searu f\u00fbsl\u00eecu;      hine fyrwyt br\u00e4c\n     m\u00f4d-gehygdum,      hw\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 men w\u00e6ron.\n     Gew\u00e2t him \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 waro\u00f0e      wicge r\u00eedan\n235  \u00feegn Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res,      \u00ferymmum cwehte\n     m\u00e4gen-wudu mundum,      me\u00f0el-wordum fr\u00e4gn:\n     \"Hw\u00e4t syndon ge      searo-h\u00e4bbendra\n     \"byrnum werede,      \u00fee \u00feus brontne ce\u00f3l\n     \"ofer lagu-str\u00e6te      l\u00e6dan cw\u00f4mon,\n240  \"hider ofer holmas      helmas b\u00e6ron?\n     \"Ic w\u00e4s ende-s\u00e6ta,      \u00e6g-wearde he\u00f3ld,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t on land Dena      l\u00e2\u00f0ra n\u00e6nig\n     \"mid scip-herge      sce\u00f0\u00f0an ne meahte.\n     \"N\u00f4 her c\u00fb\u00f0l\u00eecor      cuman ongunnon\n245  \"lind-h\u00e4bbende;      ne ge le\u00e1fnes-word\n     \"g\u00fb\u00f0-fremmendra      gearwe ne wisson,\n     \"m\u00e2ga gem\u00eadu.      N\u00e6fre ic m\u00e2ran geseah\n     \"eorla ofer eor\u00f0an,      \u00feonne is e\u00f3wer sum,\n     \"secg on searwum;      nis \u00fe\u00e4t seld-guma\n250 \"w\u00e6pnum geweor\u00f0ad,      n\u00e4fne him his wlite le\u00f3ge,\n     \"\u00e6nl\u00eec an-s\u00fdn.      Nu ic e\u00f3wer sceal\n     \"frum-cyn witan,      \u00e6r ge fyr heonan\n     \"le\u00e1se sce\u00e1weras      on land Dena\n     \"fur\u00f0ur f\u00earan.      Nu ge feor-b\u00fbend,\n255  \"mere-l\u00ee\u00f0ende,      m\u00eenne geh\u00fdra\u00f0\n     \"\u00e2n-fealdne ge\u00fe\u00f4ht:      \u00f4fost is s\u00ealest\n     \"t\u00f4 gec\u00fd\u00f0anne,      hwanan e\u00f3wre cyme syndon.\"\n\n\nV. THE ERRAND.\n\n     Him se yldesta      andswarode,\n     werodes w\u00eesa,      word-hord onle\u00e1c:\n260  \"We synt gum-cynnes      Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de\n     \"and Higel\u00e2ces      heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tas.\n     \"W\u00e4s m\u00een f\u00e4der      folcum gec\u00fd\u00f0ed,\n     \"\u00e4\u00f0ele ord-fruma      Ecg\u00fee\u00f3w h\u00e2ten;\n     \"geb\u00e2d wintra worn,      \u00e6r he on weg hwurfe,\n265  \"gamol of geardum;      hine gearwe geman\n     \"witena wel-hwylc      w\u00eede geond eor\u00f0an.--\n     \"We \u00feurh holdne hige      hl\u00e2ford \u00feinne,\n     \"sunu Healfdenes,      s\u00eacean cw\u00f4mon,\n     \"le\u00f3d-gebyrgean:      wes \u00feu \u00fbs l\u00e2rena g\u00f4d!\n270  \"Habba\u00f0 we t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4m m\u00e6ran      micel \u00e6rende\n     \"Deniga fre\u00e1n;      ne sceal \u00fe\u00e6r dyrne sum\n     \"wesan, \u00fe\u00e4s ic w\u00eane.      \u00deu w\u00e2st, gif hit is,\n     \"sw\u00e2 we s\u00f4\u00f0lice      secgan h\u00fdrdon,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t mid Scyldingum      scea\u00f0a ic n\u00e2t hwylc,\n275  \"de\u00f3gol d\u00e6d-hata,      deorcum nihtum\n     \"e\u00e1we\u00f0 \u00feurh egsan      unc\u00fb\u00f0ne n\u00ee\u00f0,\n     \"h\u00fdn\u00f0u and hr\u00e2-fyl.      Ic \u00fe\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r m\u00e4g\n     \"\u00feurh r\u00fbmne sefan      r\u00e6d gel\u00e6ran,\n     \"h\u00fb he fr\u00f4d and g\u00f4d      fe\u00f3nd ofersw\u00fd\u00f0e\u00f0,\n280  \"gyf him ed-wendan      \u00e6fre scolde\n     \"bealuwa bisigu,      b\u00f4t eft cuman\n     \"and \u00fe\u00e2 cear-wylmas      c\u00f4lran wur\u00f0a\u00f0;\n     \"o\u00f0\u00f0e \u00e2 sy\u00f0\u00f0an      earfo\u00f0-\u00ferage,\n     \"\u00fere\u00e1-n\u00fdd \u00feola\u00f0,      \u00feenden \u00fe\u00e6r wuna\u00f0\n285  \"on he\u00e1h-stede      h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest.\"\n     Weard ma\u00f0elode,      \u00fe\u00e6r on wicge s\u00e4t\n     ombeht unforht:      \"\u00c6ghw\u00e4\u00f0res sceal\n     \"scearp scyld-w\u00eega      gesc\u00e2d witan,\n     \"worda and worca,      se \u00fee wel \u00feence\u00f0.\n290  \"Ic \u00fe\u00e4t geh\u00fdre,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feis is hold weorod\n     \"fre\u00e1n Scyldinga.      Gew\u00eeta\u00f0 for\u00f0 beran\n     \"w\u00e6pen and gew\u00e6du,      ic e\u00f3w w\u00eesige:\n     \"swylce ic magu-\u00feegnas      m\u00eene h\u00e2te\n     \"wi\u00f0 fe\u00f3nda gehwone      flotan e\u00f3werne,\n295  \"niw-tyrwedne      nacan on sande\n     \"\u00e2rum healdan,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t eft byre\u00f0\n     \"ofer lagu-stre\u00e1mas      le\u00f3fne mannan\n     \"wudu wunden-hals      t\u00f4 Weder-mearce.\n     \"G\u00fb\u00f0-fremmendra      swylcum gife\u00f0e bi\u00f0,\n300  \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00feone hilde-r\u00e6s      h\u00e2l ged\u00eege\u00f0.\"\n     Gewiton him \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00earan      (flota stille b\u00e2d,\n     seomode on s\u00e2le      s\u00eed-f\u00e4\u00f0med scyp,\n     on ancre f\u00e4st);      eofor-l\u00eec scionon\n     ofer hle\u00f3r-beran      gehroden golde\n305  f\u00e2h and f\u00fdr-heard,      ferh wearde he\u00f3ld.\n     G\u00fb\u00f0m\u00f4de grummon,      guman onetton,\n     sigon \u00e4tsomne,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hy s\u00e4l timbred\n     geatol\u00eec and gold-f\u00e2h      ongytan mihton;\n     \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s fore-m\u00e6rost      fold-b\u00fbendum\n310  receda under roderum,      on \u00fe\u00e4m se r\u00eeca b\u00e2d;\n     lixte se le\u00f3ma      ofer landa fela.\n     Him \u00fe\u00e2 hilde-de\u00f3r      hof m\u00f4digra\n     torht get\u00e6hte,      \u00fe\u00e4t hie him t\u00f4 mihton\n     gegnum gangan;      g\u00fb\u00f0-beorna sum\n315  wicg gewende,      word \u00e4fter cw\u00e4\u00f0:\n     \"M\u00e6l is me t\u00f4 f\u00earan;      f\u00e4der alwalda\n     \"mid \u00e2r-stafum      e\u00f3wic gehealde\n     \"s\u00ee\u00f0a gesunde!      ic t\u00f4 s\u00e6 wille,\n     \"wi\u00f0 wr\u00e2\u00f0 werod      wearde healdan.\"\n\n\nVI. BE\u00d3WULF'S SPEECH.\n\n320  Str\u00e6t w\u00e4s st\u00e2n-f\u00e2h,      st\u00eeg w\u00eesode\n     gumum \u00e4tg\u00e4dere.      G\u00fb\u00f0-byrne sc\u00e2n\n     heard hond-locen,      hring-\u00eeren sc\u00eer\n     song in searwum,      \u00fe\u00e2 hie t\u00f4 sele fur\u00f0um\n     in hyra gryre-geatwum      gangan cw\u00f4mon.\n325  Setton s\u00e6-m\u00ea\u00f0e      s\u00eede scyldas,\n     rondas regn-hearde      wi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4s recedes weal,\n     bugon \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 bence;      byrnan hringdon,\n     g\u00fb\u00f0-searo gumena;      g\u00e2ras st\u00f4don,\n     s\u00e6-manna searo,      samod \u00e4tg\u00e4dere,\n330  \u00e4sc-holt ufan gr\u00e6g:      w\u00e4s se \u00eeren-\u00fere\u00e1t\n     w\u00e6pnum gewur\u00f0ad.      \u00de\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r wlonc h\u00e4le\u00f0\n     oret-mecgas      \u00e4fter \u00e4\u00f0elum fr\u00e4gn:\n     \"Hwanon ferigea\u00f0 ge      f\u00e4tte scyldas,\n     \"gr\u00e6ge syrcan      and gr\u00eem-helmas,\n335  \"here-sceafta he\u00e1p?--      Ic eom Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res\n     \"\u00e2r and ombiht.      Ne seah ic el-\u00fee\u00f3dige\n     \"\u00feus manige men      m\u00f4digl\u00eecran.\n     \"W\u00ean' ic \u00fe\u00e4t ge for wlenco,      nalles for wr\u00e4c-s\u00ee\u00f0um,\n     \"ac for hige-\u00ferymmum      Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r s\u00f4hton.\"\n340  Him \u00fe\u00e2 ellen-r\u00f4f      andswarode,\n     wlanc Wedera le\u00f3d      word \u00e4fter spr\u00e4c,\n     heard under helme:      \"We synt Higel\u00e2ces\n     \"be\u00f3d-gene\u00e1tas;      Be\u00f3wulf is m\u00een nama.\n     \"Wille ic \u00e2secgan      suna Healfdenes,\n345  \"m\u00e6rum \u00fee\u00f3dne      m\u00een \u00e6rende,\n     \"aldre \u00fe\u00eenum,      gif he \u00fbs geunnan wile,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t we hine sw\u00e2 g\u00f4dne      gr\u00eatan m\u00f4ton.\"\n     Wulfg\u00e2r ma\u00f0elode      (\u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s Wendla le\u00f3d,\n     w\u00e4s his m\u00f4d-sefa      manegum gec\u00fd\u00f0ed,\n350  w\u00eeg and w\u00ees-d\u00f4m):      \"ic \u00fe\u00e4s wine Deniga,\n     \"fre\u00e1n Scildinga      frinan wille,\n     \"be\u00e1ga bryttan,      sw\u00e2 \u00feu b\u00eana eart,\n     \"\u00fee\u00f3den m\u00e6rne      ymb \u00fe\u00eenne s\u00ee\u00f0 ;\n     \"and \u00fee \u00fe\u00e2 andsware      \u00e4dre gec\u00fd\u00f0an,\n355  \"\u00fee me se g\u00f4da      \u00e2gifan \u00feence\u00f0.\"\n     Hwearf \u00fe\u00e2 hr\u00e4dl\u00eece,      \u00fe\u00e6r Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r s\u00e4t,\n     eald and unh\u00e2r      mid his eorla gedriht;\n     eode ellen-r\u00f4f,      \u00fe\u00e4t he for eaxlum gest\u00f4d\n     Deniga fre\u00e1n,      c\u00fb\u00f0e he dugu\u00f0e \u00fee\u00e1w.\n360  Wulfg\u00e2r ma\u00f0elode      t\u00f4 his wine-drihtne:\n     \"Her syndon geferede      feorran cumene\n     \"ofer geofenes begang      Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de:\n     \"\u00feone yldestan      oret-mecgas\n     \"Be\u00f3wulf nemna\u00f0.      Hy b\u00eanan synt,\n365  \"\u00fe\u00e4t hie, \u00fee\u00f3den m\u00een,      wi\u00f0 \u00fee m\u00f4ton\n     \"wordum wrixlan;      n\u00f4 \u00feu him wearne gete\u00f3h,\n     \"\u00fe\u00eenra gegn-cwida      gl\u00e4dnian, Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r!\n     \"Hy on w\u00eeg-geatwum      wyr\u00f0e \u00feincea\u00f0\n     \"eorla ge\u00e6htlan;      h\u00fbru se aldor de\u00e1h,\n370  \"se \u00fe\u00e6m hea\u00f0o-rincum      hider w\u00eesade.\"\n\n\nVII. HROTHGAR'S WELCOME.\n\n     Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r ma\u00f0elode,      helm Scyldinga:\n     \"Ic hine c\u00fb\u00f0e      cniht-wesende.\n     \"W\u00e4s his eald-f\u00e4der      Ecg\u00fee\u00f3 h\u00e2ten,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4m t\u00f4 h\u00e2m forgeaf      Hr\u00ea\u00f0el Ge\u00e1ta\n375  \"\u00e2ngan d\u00f4htor;      is his eafora nu\n     \"heard her cumen,      s\u00f4hte holdne wine.\n     \"\u00feonne s\u00e4gdon \u00fe\u00e4t      s\u00e6-l\u00ee\u00f0ende,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 \u00fee gif-sceattas      Ge\u00e1ta fyredon\n     \"\u00feyder t\u00f4 \u00feance,      \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00ferittiges\n380  \"manna m\u00e4gen-cr\u00e4ft      on his mund-gr\u00eepe\n     \"hea\u00f0o-r\u00f4f h\u00e4bbe.      Hine h\u00e2lig god\n     \"for \u00e2r-stafum      us onsende,\n     \"t\u00f4 West-Denum,      \u00fe\u00e4s ic w\u00ean h\u00e4bbe,\n     \"wi\u00f0 Grendles gryre:      ic \u00fe\u00e4m g\u00f4dan sceal\n385  \"for his m\u00f4d-\u00fer\u00e4ce      m\u00e2dmas be\u00f3dan.\n     \"Be\u00f3 \u00feu on \u00f4feste,      h\u00e2t hig in g\u00e2n,\n     \"se\u00f3n sibbe-gedriht      samod \u00e4tg\u00e4dere;\n     \"gesaga him e\u00e1c wordum,      \u00fe\u00e4t hie sint wil-cuman\n     \"Deniga le\u00f3dum.\"      \u00de\u00e2 wi\u00f0 duru healle\n390  Wulfg\u00e2r eode,      word inne \u00e2be\u00e1d:\n     \"E\u00f3w h\u00eat secgan      sige-drihten m\u00een,\n     \"aldor E\u00e1st-Dena,      \u00fe\u00e4t he e\u00f3wer \u00e4\u00f0elu can\n     \"and ge him syndon      ofer s\u00e6-wylmas,\n     \"heard-hicgende,      hider wil-cuman.\n395  \"Nu ge m\u00f4ton gangan      in e\u00f3wrum gu\u00f0-geatawum,\n     \"under here-gr\u00eeman,      Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r gese\u00f3n;\n     \"l\u00e6ta\u00f0 hilde-bord      her onbidian,\n     \"wudu w\u00e4l-sceaftas,      worda ge\u00feinges.\"\n     \u00c2r\u00e2s \u00fe\u00e2 se r\u00eeca,      ymb hine rinc manig,\n400  \u00fery\u00f0l\u00eec \u00feegna he\u00e1p;      sume \u00fe\u00e6r bidon,\n     hea\u00f0o-re\u00e1f he\u00f3ldon,      sw\u00e2 him se hearda bebe\u00e1d.\n     Snyredon \u00e4tsomne,      \u00fe\u00e2 secg w\u00eesode\n     under Heorotes hr\u00f4f;      hyge-r\u00f4f eode,\n     heard under helme,      \u00fe\u00e4t he on heo\u00f0e gest\u00f4d.\n405  Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode      (on him byrne sc\u00e2n,\n     searo-net se\u00f3wed      smi\u00f0es or-\u00feancum):\n     \"Wes \u00feu Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r h\u00e2l!      ic eom Higel\u00e2ces\n     \"m\u00e6g and mago-\u00feegn;      h\u00e4bbe ic m\u00e6r\u00f0a fela\n     \"ongunnen on geogo\u00f0e.      Me wear\u00f0 Grendles \u00feing\n410  \"on m\u00eenre \u00ea\u00f0el-tyrf      undyrne c\u00fb\u00f0:\n     \"secga\u00f0 s\u00e6-l\u00ee\u00f0end,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fees sele stande,\n     \"reced s\u00ealesta,      rinca gehwylcum\n     \"\u00eedel and unnyt,      si\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e6fen-le\u00f3ht\n     \"under heofenes h\u00e2dor      beholen weor\u00f0e\u00f0.\n415  \"\u00de\u00e2 me \u00fe\u00e4t gel\u00e6rdon      le\u00f3de m\u00eene,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 s\u00ealestan,      snotere ceorlas,\n     \"\u00fee\u00f3den Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r,      \u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00fee s\u00f4hte;\n     \"for\u00fean hie m\u00e4genes cr\u00e4ft      m\u00eenne c\u00fb\u00f0on:\n     \"selfe ofers\u00e2won,      \u00fe\u00e2 ic of searwum cwom,\n420  \"f\u00e2h from fe\u00f3ndum,      \u00fe\u00e6r ic f\u00eefe geband,\n     \"\u00fd\u00f0de eotena cyn,      and on \u00fd\u00f0um sl\u00f4g\n     \"niceras nihtes,      nearo-\u00feearfe dre\u00e1h,\n     \"wr\u00e4c Wedera n\u00ee\u00f0      (we\u00e1n \u00e2hsodon)\n     \"forgrand gramum;      and nu wi\u00f0 Grendel sceal,\n425  \"wi\u00f0 \u00feam agl\u00e6can,      \u00e2na gehegan\n     \"\u00feing wi\u00f0 \u00feyrse.      Ic \u00fee nu \u00fe\u00e2,\n     \"brego Beorht-Dena,      biddan wille,\n     \"eodor Scyldinga,      \u00e2nre b\u00eane;\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu me ne forwyrne,      w\u00eegendra hle\u00f3,\n430  \"fre\u00f3-wine folca,      nu ic \u00feus feorran com,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic m\u00f4te \u00e2na      and m\u00eenra eorla gedryht,\n     \"\u00fees hearda he\u00e1p,      Heorot f\u00e6lsian.\n     \"H\u00e4bbe ic e\u00e1c ge\u00e2hsod,      \u00fe\u00e4t se \u00e4gl\u00e6ca\n     \"for his won-h\u00fddum      w\u00e6pna ne r\u00eace\u00f0;\n435  \"ic \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feonne forhicge,      sw\u00e2 me Higel\u00e2c s\u00eee,\n     \"m\u00een mon-drihten,      m\u00f4des bl\u00ee\u00f0e,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic sweord bere      o\u00f0\u00f0e s\u00eedne scyld\n     \"geolo-rand t\u00f4 g\u00fb\u00f0e;      ac ic mid gr\u00e2pe sceal\n     \"f\u00f4n wi\u00f0 fe\u00f3nde      and ymb feorh sacan,\n440  \"l\u00e2\u00f0 wi\u00f0 l\u00e2\u00f0um;      \u00fe\u00e6r gel\u00fdfan sceal\n     \"dryhtnes d\u00f4me      se \u00fee hine de\u00e1\u00f0 nime\u00f0.\n     \"W\u00ean' ic \u00fe\u00e4t he wille,      gif he wealdan m\u00f4t,\n     \"in \u00fe\u00e4m g\u00fb\u00f0-sele      Ge\u00e1tena le\u00f3de\n     \"etan unforhte,      sw\u00e2 he oft dyde\n445  \"m\u00e4gen Hr\u00ea\u00f0manna.      N\u00e2 \u00feu m\u00eenne \u00feearft\n     \"hafalan h\u00fddan,      ac he me habban wile\n     \"dre\u00f3re f\u00e2hne,      gif mec de\u00e1\u00f0 nime\u00f0;\n     \"byre\u00f0 bl\u00f4dig w\u00e4l,      byrgean \u00feence\u00f0,\n     \"ete\u00f0 \u00e2n-genga      unmurnl\u00eece,\n450  \"mearca\u00f0 m\u00f4r-hopu:      n\u00f4 \u00feu ymb m\u00eenes ne \u00feearft\n     \"l\u00eeces feorme      leng sorgian.\n     \"Onsend Higel\u00e2ce,      gif mec hild nime,\n     \"beadu-scr\u00fbda betst,      \u00fe\u00e4t m\u00eene bre\u00f3st were\u00f0,\n     \"hr\u00e4gla s\u00ealest;      \u00fe\u00e4t is Hr\u00ea\u00f0lan l\u00e2f,\n455  \"W\u00ealandes geweorc.      G\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e2 Wyrd sw\u00e2 hi\u00f3 scel!\"\n\n\nVIII. HROTHGAR TELLS OF GRENDEL.\n\n     Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r ma\u00f0elode,      helm Scyldinga:\n     \"for were-fyhtum \u00feu,      wine m\u00een Be\u00f3wulf,\n     \"and for \u00e2r-stafum      \u00fbsic s\u00f4htest.\n     \"Gesl\u00f4h \u00fein f\u00e4der      f\u00e6h\u00f0e m\u00e6ste,\n460  \"wear\u00f0 he Hea\u00f0ol\u00e2fe      t\u00f4 hand-bonan\n     \"mid Wilfingum;      \u00fe\u00e2 hine Wedera cyn\n     \"for here-br\u00f4gan      habban ne mihte.\n     \"\u00deanon he ges\u00f4hte      S\u00fb\u00f0-Dena folc\n     \"ofer \u00fd\u00f0a gewealc,      \u00c2r-Scyldinga;\n465  \"\u00fe\u00e2 ic fur\u00f0um we\u00f3ld      folce Deninga,\n     \"and on geogo\u00f0e he\u00f3ld      gimme-r\u00eece\n     \"hord-burh h\u00e4le\u00f0a:      \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s Hereg\u00e2r de\u00e1d,\n     \"m\u00een yldra m\u00e6g      unlifigende,\n     \"bearn Healfdenes.      Se w\u00e4s betera \u00feonne ic!\n470  \"Si\u00f0\u00f0an \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e      fe\u00f3 \u00feingode;\n     \"sende ic Wylfingum      ofer w\u00e4teres hrycg\n     \"ealde m\u00e2dmas:      he me \u00e2\u00f0as sw\u00f4r.\n     \"Sorh is me t\u00f4 secganne      on sefan m\u00eenum\n     \"gumena \u00e6ngum,      hw\u00e4t me Grendel hafa\u00f0\n475  \"h\u00fdn\u00f0o on Heorote      mid his hete-\u00feancum,\n     \"f\u00e6r-n\u00ee\u00f0a gefremed.      Is m\u00een flet-werod,\n     \"w\u00eeg-he\u00e1p gewanod;      hie Wyrd forswe\u00f3p\n     \"on Grendles gryre.      God e\u00e1\u00f0e m\u00e4g\n     \"\u00feone dol-sca\u00f0an      d\u00e6da getw\u00e6fan!\n480  \"Ful oft gebe\u00f3tedon      be\u00f3re druncne\n     \"ofer ealo-w\u00e6ge      oret-mecgas,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t hie in be\u00f3r-sele      b\u00eedan woldon\n     \"Grendles g\u00fb\u00f0e      mid gryrum ecga.\n     \"\u00deonne w\u00e4s \u00fee\u00f3s medo-heal      on morgen-t\u00eed,\n485  \"driht-sele dre\u00f3r-f\u00e2h,      \u00feonne d\u00e4g lixte,\n     \"eal benc-\u00feelu      bl\u00f4de best\u00fdmed,\n     \"heall heoru-dre\u00f3re:      \u00e2hte ic holdra \u00fe\u00fd l\u00e4s,\n     \"de\u00f3rre dugu\u00f0e,      \u00fee \u00fe\u00e2 de\u00e1\u00f0 fornam.\n     \"Site nu t\u00f4 symle      and ons\u00e6l meoto,\n490  \"sige-hr\u00ea\u00f0 secgum,      sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00een sefa hwette!\"\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s Ge\u00e1t-m\u00e4cgum      geador \u00e4tsomne\n     on be\u00f3r-sele      benc ger\u00fdmed;\n     \u00fe\u00e6r sw\u00ee\u00f0-ferh\u00f0e      sittan eodon\n     \u00fery\u00f0um dealle.      \u00deegn nytte behe\u00f3ld,\n495  se \u00fee on handa b\u00e4r      hroden ealo-w\u00e6ge,\n     scencte sc\u00eer wered.      Sc\u00f4p hw\u00eelum sang\n     h\u00e2dor on Heorote;      \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s h\u00e4le\u00f0a dre\u00e1m,\n     dugu\u00f0 unlytel      Dena and Wedera.\n\n\nIX. HUNFERTH OBJECTS TO BE\u00d3WULF.\n\n     \u00dbnfer\u00f0 ma\u00f0elode,      Ecgl\u00e2fes bearn,\n500  \u00fee \u00e4t f\u00f4tum s\u00e4t      fre\u00e1n Scyldinga;\n     onband beadu-r\u00fbne      (w\u00e4s him Be\u00f3wulfes s\u00ee\u00f0,\n     m\u00f4dges mere-faran,      micel \u00e4f-\u00feunca,\n     for\u00feon \u00fee he ne \u00fb\u00f0e,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00e6nig \u00f4\u00f0er man\n     \u00e6fre m\u00e6r\u00f0a \u00feon m\u00e2      middan-geardes\n505  geh\u00eadde under heofenum      \u00feonne he sylfa):\n     \"Eart \u00feu se Be\u00f3wulf,      se \u00fee wi\u00f0 Brecan wunne,\n     \"on s\u00eedne s\u00e6      ymb sund flite,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e6r git for wlence      wada cunnedon\n     \"and for dol-gilpe      on de\u00f3p w\u00e4ter\n510  \"aldrum n\u00ea\u00f0don?      Ne inc \u00e6nig mon,\n     \"ne le\u00f3f ne l\u00e2\u00f0,      bele\u00e1n mihte\n     \"sorh-fullne s\u00ee\u00f0;      \u00fe\u00e2 git on sund re\u00f3n,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e6r git e\u00e1gor-stre\u00e1m      earmum \u00feehton,\n     \"m\u00e6ton mere-str\u00e6ta,      mundum brugdon,\n515  \"glidon ofer g\u00e2r-secg;      geofon \u00fd\u00f0um we\u00f3l,\n     \"wintres wylme.      Git on w\u00e4teres \u00e6ht\n     \"seofon niht swuncon;      he \u00fee \u00e4t sunde oferfl\u00e2t,\n     \"h\u00e4fde m\u00e2re m\u00e4gen.      \u00de\u00e2 hine on morgen-t\u00eed\n     \"on Hea\u00f0o-r\u00e6mas      holm up \u00e4tb\u00e4r,\n520  \"\u00feonon he ges\u00f4hte      sw\u00e6sne \u00ea\u00f0el\n     \"le\u00f3f his le\u00f3dum      lond Brondinga,\n     \"freo\u00f0o-burh f\u00e4gere,      \u00fe\u00e6r he folc \u00e2hte,\n     \"burg and be\u00e1gas.      Be\u00f3t eal wi\u00f0 \u00fee\n     \"sunu Be\u00e1nst\u00e2nes      s\u00f4\u00f0e gel\u00e6ste.\n525  \"\u00deonne w\u00eane ic t\u00f4 \u00fee      wyrsan ge\u00feinges,\n     \"\u00fee\u00e1h \u00feu hea\u00f0o-r\u00e6sa      gehw\u00e6r dohte,\n     \"grimre g\u00fb\u00f0e,      gif \u00feu Grendles dearst\n     \"niht-longne fyrst      ne\u00e1n b\u00eedan!\"\n     Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      bearn Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes:\n530  \"Hw\u00e4t \u00feu worn fela,      wine m\u00een \u00dbnfer\u00f0,\n     \"be\u00f3re druncen      ymb Brecan spr\u00e6ce,\n     \"s\u00e4gdest from his s\u00ee\u00f0e!      S\u00f4\u00f0 ic talige,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic mere-strengo      m\u00e2ran \u00e2hte,\n     \"earfe\u00f0o on \u00fd\u00f0um,      \u00feonne \u00e6nig \u00f4\u00f0er man.\n535  \"Wit \u00fe\u00e4t gecw\u00e6don      cniht-wesende\n     \"and gebe\u00f3tedon      (w\u00e6ron begen \u00fe\u00e2 git\n     \"on geogo\u00f0-feore)      \u00fe\u00e4t wit on g\u00e2r-secg \u00fbt\n     \"aldrum n\u00ea\u00f0don;      and \u00fe\u00e4t ge\u00e4fndon sw\u00e2.\n     \"H\u00e4fdon swurd nacod,      \u00fe\u00e2 wit on sund re\u00f3n,\n540  \"heard on handa,      wit unc wi\u00f0 hron-fixas\n     \"werian \u00fe\u00f4hton.      N\u00f4 he wiht fram me\n     \"fl\u00f4d-\u00fd\u00f0um feor      fle\u00f3tan meahte,\n     \"hra\u00f0or on holme,      n\u00f4 ic fram him wolde.\n     \"\u00de\u00e2 wit \u00e4tsomne      on s\u00e6 w\u00e6ron\n545  \"f\u00eef nihta fyrst,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t unc fl\u00f4d t\u00f4dr\u00e2f,\n     \"wado weallende,      wedera cealdost,\n     \"n\u00eepende niht      and nor\u00f0an wind\n     \"hea\u00f0o-grim andhwearf;      hre\u00f3 w\u00e6ron \u00fd\u00f0a,\n     \"W\u00e4s mere-fixa      m\u00f4d onhr\u00eared:\n550  \"\u00fe\u00e6r me wi\u00f0 l\u00e2\u00f0um      l\u00eec-syrce m\u00een,\n     \"heard hond-locen,      helpe gefremede;\n     \"beado-hr\u00e4gl broden      on bre\u00f3stum l\u00e4g,\n     \"golde gegyrwed.      Me t\u00f4 grunde te\u00e1h\n     \"f\u00e2h fe\u00f3nd-sca\u00f0a,      f\u00e4ste h\u00e4fde\n555  \"grim on gr\u00e2pe:      hw\u00e4\u00f0re me gyfe\u00f0e wear\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic agl\u00e6can      orde ger\u00e6hte,\n     \"hilde-bille;      hea\u00f0o-r\u00e6s fornam\n     \"mihtig mere-de\u00f3r      \u00feurh m\u00eene hand.\n\n\nX. BE\u00d3WULF'S CONTEST WITH BRECA.--THE FEAST.\n\n     \"Sw\u00e2 mec gel\u00f4me      l\u00e2\u00f0-gete\u00f3nan\n560  \"\u00fere\u00e1tedon \u00feearle.      Ic him \u00fe\u00eanode\n     \"de\u00f3ran sweorde,      sw\u00e2 hit ged\u00eafe w\u00e4s;\n     \"n\u00e4s hie \u00fe\u00e6re fylle      gefe\u00e1n h\u00e4fdon,\n     \"m\u00e2n-ford\u00e6dlan,      \u00fe\u00e4t hie me \u00fe\u00eagon,\n     \"symbel ymb-s\u00e6ton      s\u00e6-grunde ne\u00e1h,\n565  \"ac on mergenne      m\u00eacum wunde\n     \"be \u00fd\u00f0-l\u00e2fe      uppe l\u00e6gon,\n     \"sweordum \u00e2swefede,      \u00fe\u00e4t sy\u00f0\u00f0an n\u00e2\n     \"ymb brontne ford      brim-l\u00ee\u00f0ende\n     \"l\u00e2de ne letton.      Le\u00f3ht e\u00e1stan com,\n570  \"beorht be\u00e1cen godes;      brimu swa\u00f0redon,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic s\u00e6-n\u00e4ssas      gese\u00f3n mihte,\n     \"windige weallas.      Wyrd oft nere\u00f0\n     \"unf\u00e6gne eorl,      \u00f0onne his ellen de\u00e1h!\n     \"Hw\u00e4\u00f0ere me ges\u00e6lde,      \u00fe\u00e4t ic mid sweorde ofsl\u00f4h\n575  \"niceras nigene.      N\u00f4 ic on niht gefr\u00e4gn\n     \"under heofones hwealf      heardran feohtan,\n     \"ne on \u00eag-stre\u00e1mum      earmran mannan;\n     \"hw\u00e4\u00f0ere ic f\u00e2ra feng      feore ged\u00eegde,\n     \"si\u00f0es w\u00earig.      \u00de\u00e2 mec s\u00e6 \u00f4\u00f0b\u00e4r,\n580  \"fl\u00f4d \u00e4fter faro\u00f0e,      on Finna land,\n     \"wadu weallendu.      N\u00f4 ic wiht fram \u00fee\n     \"swylcra searo-n\u00ee\u00f0a      secgan h\u00fdrde,\n     \"billa br\u00f4gan:      Breca n\u00e6fre git\n     \"\u00e4t hea\u00f0o-l\u00e2ce,      ne gehw\u00e4\u00f0er incer\n585  \"sw\u00e2 de\u00f3rl\u00eece      d\u00e6d gefremede\n     \"f\u00e2gum sweordum      . . . . . . .\n     \". . . . . . .      n\u00f4 ic \u00fe\u00e4s gylpe;\n     \"\u00fee\u00e1h \u00feu \u00fe\u00eenum br\u00f4\u00f0rum      t\u00f4 banan wurde,\n     \"he\u00e1fod-m\u00e6gum;      \u00fe\u00e4s \u00feu in helle scealt\n590  \"werh\u00f0o dre\u00f3gan,      \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fe\u00een wit duge,\n     \"Secge ic \u00fee t\u00f4 s\u00f4\u00f0e,      sunu Ecgl\u00e2fes,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t n\u00e6fre Grendel sw\u00e2 fela      gryra gefremede,\n     \"atol \u00e4gl\u00e6ca      ealdre \u00fe\u00eenum,\n     \"h\u00fdn\u00f0o on Heorote,      gif \u00fe\u00een hige w\u00e6re,\n595  \"sefa sw\u00e2 searo-grim,      sw\u00e2 \u00feu self talast.\n     \"Ac he hafa\u00f0 onfunden,      \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e ne \u00feearf,\n     \"atole ecg-\u00fer\u00e4ce      e\u00f3wer le\u00f3de\n     \"sw\u00ee\u00f0e onsittan,      Sige-Scyldinga;\n     \"nyme\u00f0 n\u00fdd-b\u00e2de,      n\u00e6negum \u00e2ra\u00f0\n600  \"le\u00f3de Deniga,      ac he on lust w\u00eege\u00f0,\n     \"swefe\u00f0 ond sende\u00f0,      secce ne w\u00eane\u00f0\n     \"t\u00f4 G\u00e2r-Denum.      Ac him Ge\u00e1ta sceal\n     \"eafo\u00f0 and ellen      unge\u00e2ra nu\n     \"g\u00fb\u00f0e gebe\u00f3dan.      G\u00e6\u00f0 eft se \u00fee m\u00f4t\n605  \"t\u00f4 medo m\u00f4dig,      si\u00f0\u00f0an morgen-le\u00f3ht\n     \"ofer ylda bearn      \u00f4\u00f0res d\u00f4gores,\n     \"sunne swegl-wered      s\u00fb\u00f0an sc\u00eene\u00f0!\"\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s on s\u00e2lum      sinces brytta\n     gamol-feax and g\u00fb\u00f0-r\u00f4f,      ge\u00f3ce gel\u00fdfde\n610  brego Beorht-Dena;      geh\u00fdrde on Be\u00f3wulfe\n     folces hyrde      f\u00e4st-r\u00e6dne ge\u00fe\u00f4ht.\n     \u00de\u00e6r w\u00e4s h\u00e4le\u00f0a hleahtor;      hlyn swynsode,\n     word w\u00e6ron wynsume.      Eode Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w for\u00f0,\n     cw\u00ean Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res,      cynna gemyndig,\n615  gr\u00eatte gold-hroden      guman on healle,\n     and \u00fe\u00e2 fre\u00f3l\u00eec w\u00eef      ful gesealde\n     \u00e6rest E\u00e1st-Dena      \u00ea\u00f0el-wearde,\n     b\u00e4d hine bl\u00ee\u00f0ne      \u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6re be\u00f3r-\u00feege,\n     le\u00f3dum le\u00f3fne;      he on lust ge\u00feeah\n620  symbel and sele-ful,      sige-r\u00f4f kyning.\n     Ymb-eode \u00fe\u00e2      ides Helminga\n     dugu\u00f0e and geogo\u00f0e      d\u00e6l \u00e6ghwylcne;\n     sinc-fato sealde,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00e6l \u00e2lamp,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hi\u00f3 Be\u00f3wulfe,      be\u00e1g-hroden cw\u00ean,\n625  m\u00f4de ge\u00feungen,      medo-ful \u00e4tb\u00e4r;\n     gr\u00eatte Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d,      gode \u00feancode\n     w\u00ees-f\u00e4st wordum,      \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee hire se willa gelamp,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he\u00f3 on \u00e6nigne      eorl gel\u00fdfde\n     fyrena fr\u00f4fre.      He \u00fe\u00e4t ful ge\u00feeah,\n630  w\u00e4l-re\u00f3w w\u00eega      \u00e4t Wealh\u00fee\u00f3n,\n     and \u00fe\u00e2 gyddode      g\u00fb\u00f0e gef\u00fdsed,\n     Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      bearn Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes:\n     \"Ic \u00fe\u00e4t hogode,      \u00fe\u00e2 ic on holm gest\u00e2h,\n     \"s\u00e6-b\u00e2t ges\u00e4t      mid m\u00eenra secga gedriht,\n635  \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00e2nunga      e\u00f3wra le\u00f3da\n     \"willan geworhte,      o\u00f0\u00f0e on w\u00e4l crunge,\n     \"fe\u00f3nd-gr\u00e2pum f\u00e4st.      Ic gefremman sceal\n     \"eorl\u00eec ellen,      o\u00f0\u00f0e ende-d\u00e4g\n     \"on \u00feisse meodu-healle      m\u00eenne geb\u00eedan.\"\n640  \u00deam w\u00eefe \u00fe\u00e2 word      wel l\u00eecodon,\n     gilp-cwide Ge\u00e1tes;      eode gold-hroden\n     fre\u00f3l\u00eecu folc-cw\u00ean      t\u00f4 hire fre\u00e1n sittan.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s eft sw\u00e2 \u00e6r      inne on healle\n     \u00fery\u00f0-word sprecen,      \u00fee\u00f3d on s\u00e6lum,\n645  sige-folca sw\u00eag,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t semninga\n     sunu Healfdenes      s\u00eacean wolde\n     \u00e6fen-r\u00e4ste;      wiste \u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4m ahl\u00e6can\n     t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4m he\u00e1h-sele      hilde ge\u00feinged,\n     si\u00f0\u00f0an hie sunnan le\u00f3ht      gese\u00f3n ne meahton,\n650  o\u00f0\u00f0e n\u00eepende      niht ofer ealle,\n     scadu-helma gesceapu      scr\u00ee\u00f0an cw\u00f4man,\n     wan under wolcnum.      Werod eall \u00e2r\u00e2s.\n     Gr\u00eatte \u00fe\u00e2 giddum      guma \u00f4\u00f0erne,\n     Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r Be\u00f3wulf,      and him h\u00e6l \u00e2be\u00e1d,\n655  w\u00een-\u00e4rnes geweald      and \u00fe\u00e4t word \u00e2cw\u00e4\u00f0:\n     \"N\u00e6fre ic \u00e6negum men      \u00e6r \u00e2l\u00fdfde,\n     \"si\u00f0\u00f0an ic hond and rond      hebban mihte,\n     \"\u00fery\u00f0-\u00e4rn Dena      b\u00fbton \u00fee nu \u00fe\u00e2.\n     \"Hafa nu and geheald      h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest;\n660  \"gemyne m\u00e6r\u00f0o,      m\u00e4gen-ellen c\u00fd\u00f0,\n     \"waca wi\u00f0 wr\u00e2\u00f0um!      Ne bi\u00f0 \u00fee wilna g\u00e2d,\n     \"gif \u00feu \u00fe\u00e4t ellen-weorc      aldre ged\u00eegest.\"\n\n\nXI. THE WATCH FOR GRENDEL.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 him Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r gew\u00e2t      mid his h\u00e4le\u00f0a gedryht,\n     eodur Scyldinga      \u00fbt of healle;\n665  wolde w\u00eeg-fruma      Wealh\u00fee\u00f3 s\u00eacan,\n     cw\u00ean t\u00f4 gebeddan      H\u00e4fde kyninga wuldor\n     Grendle t\u00f4-ge\u00e1nes,      sw\u00e2 guman gefrungon,\n     sele-weard \u00e2seted,      sundor-nytte behe\u00f3ld\n     ymb aldor Dena,      eoton weard \u00e2be\u00e1d;\n670  h\u00fbru Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d      georne tr\u00fbwode\n     m\u00f4dgan m\u00e4gnes,      metodes hyldo.\n     \u00de\u00e2 he him of dyde      \u00eesern-byrnan,\n     helm of hafelan,      sealde his hyrsted sweord,\n     \u00eerena cyst      ombiht-\u00feegne,\n675  and gehealdan h\u00eat      hilde-geatwe.\n     Gespr\u00e4c \u00fe\u00e2 se g\u00f4da      gylp-worda sum\n     Be\u00f3wulf Ge\u00e1ta,      \u00e6r he on bed stige:\n     \"N\u00f4 ic me an here-w\u00e6smum      hn\u00e2gran talige\n     \"g\u00fb\u00f0-geweorca,      \u00feonne Grendel hine;\n680  \"for\u00fean ic hine sweorde      swebban nelle,\n     \"aldre bene\u00f3tan,      \u00fee\u00e1h ic eal m\u00e6ge.\n     \"N\u00e2t he \u00fe\u00e2ra g\u00f4da,      \u00fe\u00e4t he me on-ge\u00e1n sle\u00e1,\n     \"rand gehe\u00e1we,      \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee he r\u00f4f s\u00eee\n     \"n\u00ee\u00f0-geweorca;      ac wit on niht sculon\n685  \"secge ofersittan,      gif he ges\u00eacean dear\n     \"w\u00eeg ofer w\u00e6pen,      and si\u00f0\u00f0an witig god\n     \"on sw\u00e2 hw\u00e4\u00f0ere hond      h\u00e2lig dryhten\n     \"m\u00e6r\u00f0o d\u00eame,      sw\u00e2 him gemet \u00feince.\"\n     Hylde hine \u00fe\u00e2 hea\u00f0o-de\u00f3r,      hle\u00f3r-bolster onf\u00eang\n690  eorles andwlitan;      and hine ymb monig\n     snell\u00eec s\u00e6-rinc      sele-reste gebe\u00e1h.\n     N\u00e6nig heora \u00fe\u00f4hte      \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feanon scolde\n     eft eard-lufan      \u00e6fre ges\u00eacean,\n     folc o\u00f0\u00f0e fre\u00f3-burh,      \u00fe\u00e6r he \u00e2f\u00eaded w\u00e4s,\n695  ac hie h\u00e4fdon gefrunen,      \u00fe\u00e4t hie \u00e6r t\u00f4 fela micles\n     in \u00fe\u00e4m w\u00een-sele      w\u00e4l-de\u00e1\u00f0 fornam,\n     Denigea le\u00f3de.      Ac him dryhten forgeaf\n     w\u00eeg-sp\u00eada gewiofu,      Wedera le\u00f3dum\n     fr\u00f4for and fultum,      \u00fe\u00e4t hie fe\u00f3nd heora\n700  \u00feurh \u00e2nes cr\u00e4ft      ealle oferc\u00f4mon,\n     selfes mihtum:      s\u00f4\u00f0 is gec\u00fd\u00f0ed,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t mihtig god      manna cynnes\n     we\u00f3ld w\u00eede-ferh\u00f0.      Com on wanre niht\n     scr\u00ee\u00f0an sceadu-genga.      Sce\u00f3tend sw\u00e6fon,\n705  \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t horn-reced      healdan scoldon,\n     ealle b\u00fbton \u00e2num.      \u00de\u00e4t w\u00e4s yldum c\u00fb\u00f0,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hie ne m\u00f4ste,      \u00fe\u00e2 metod nolde,\n     se syn-sca\u00f0a      under sceadu bregdan;\n     ac he w\u00e4ccende      wr\u00e2\u00f0um on andan\n710  b\u00e2d bolgen-m\u00f4d      beadwa ge\u00feinges.\n\n\nXII. GRENDEL'S RAID.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 com of m\u00f4re      under mist-hleo\u00f0um\n     Grendel gongan,      godes yrre b\u00e4r.\n     Mynte se m\u00e2n-sca\u00f0a      manna cynnes\n     sumne besyrwan      in sele \u00feam he\u00e1n;\n715  w\u00f4d under wolcnum,      t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee he w\u00een-reced,\n     gold-sele gumena,      gearwost wisse\n     f\u00e4ttum f\u00e2hne.      Ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t forma s\u00ee\u00f0,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res      h\u00e2m ges\u00f4hte:\n     n\u00e6fre he on aldor-dagum      \u00e6r ne si\u00f0\u00f0an\n720  heardran h\u00e4le,      heal-\u00feegnas fand!\n     Com \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 recede      rinc s\u00ee\u00f0ian\n     dre\u00e1mum bed\u00e6led.      Duru s\u00f4na onarn\n     f\u00fdr-bendum f\u00e4st,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an he hire folmum hr\u00e2n;\n     onbr\u00e4d \u00fe\u00e2 bealo-hydig,      \u00fe\u00e2 he \u00e2bolgen w\u00e4s,\n725  recedes m\u00fb\u00f0an.      Ra\u00f0e \u00e4fter \u00feon\n     on f\u00e2gne fl\u00f4r      fe\u00f3nd treddode,\n     eode yrre-m\u00f4d;      him of e\u00e1gum st\u00f4d\n     l\u00eege gel\u00eecost      le\u00f3ht unf\u00e4ger.\n     Geseah he in recede      rinca manige,\n730  swefan sibbe-gedriht      samod \u00e4tg\u00e4dere,\n     mago-rinca he\u00e1p:      \u00fe\u00e2 his m\u00f4d \u00e2hl\u00f4g,\n     mynte \u00fe\u00e4t he ged\u00e6lde,      \u00e6r \u00feon d\u00e4g cw\u00f4me,\n     atol agl\u00e6ca,      \u00e2nra gehwylces\n     l\u00eef wi\u00f0 l\u00eece,      \u00fe\u00e2 him \u00e2lumpen w\u00e4s\n735  wist-fylle w\u00ean.      Ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t wyrd \u00fe\u00e2 gen,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he m\u00e2 m\u00f4ste      manna cynnes\n     \u00feicgean ofer \u00fe\u00e2 niht.      \u00der\u00fd\u00f0-sw\u00fd\u00f0 behe\u00f3ld\n     m\u00e6g Higel\u00e2ces,      h\u00fb se m\u00e2n-sca\u00f0a\n     under f\u00e6r-gripum      gefaran wolde.\n740  Ne \u00fe\u00e4t se agl\u00e6ca      yldan \u00fe\u00f4hte,\n     ac he gef\u00eang hra\u00f0e      forman si\u00f0e\n     sl\u00e6pendne rinc,      sl\u00e2t unwearnum,\n     b\u00e2t b\u00e2n-locan,      bl\u00f4d \u00eadrum dranc,\n     syn-sn\u00e6dum swealh:      s\u00f4na h\u00e4fde\n745  unlyfigendes      eal gefeormod\n     f\u00eat and folma.      For\u00f0 ne\u00e1r \u00e4tst\u00f4p,\n     nam \u00fe\u00e2 mid handa      hige-\u00feihtigne\n     rinc on r\u00e4ste;      r\u00e6hte onge\u00e1n\n     fe\u00f3nd mid folme,      he onf\u00eang hra\u00f0e\n750  inwit-\u00feancum      and wi\u00f0 earm ges\u00e4t.\n     S\u00f4na \u00fe\u00e4t onfunde      fyrena hyrde,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he ne m\u00eatte      middan-geardes\n     eor\u00f0an sce\u00e1ta      on elran men\n     mund-gripe m\u00e2ran:      he on m\u00f4de wear\u00f0\n755  forht on ferh\u00f0e,      n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r fram meahte;\n     hyge w\u00e4s him hin-f\u00fbs,      wolde on heolster fle\u00f3n,\n     s\u00eacan de\u00f3fla gedr\u00e4g:      ne w\u00e4s his drohto\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r,\n     swylce he on ealder-dagum      \u00e6r gem\u00eatte.\n     Gemunde \u00fe\u00e2 se g\u00f4da      m\u00e6g Higel\u00e2ces\n760  \u00e6fen-spr\u00e6ce,      up-lang \u00e2st\u00f4d\n     and him f\u00e4ste wi\u00f0f\u00eang.      Fingras burston;\n     eoten w\u00e4s \u00fbt-weard,      eorl fur\u00f0ur st\u00f4p.\n     Mynte se m\u00e6ra,      \u00fe\u00e6r he meahte sw\u00e2,\n     w\u00eedre gewindan      and on weg \u00feanon\n765  fle\u00f3n on fen-hopu;      wiste his fingra geweald\n     on grames gr\u00e2pum.      \u00de\u00e4t w\u00e4s ge\u00f3cor s\u00ee\u00f0,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t se hearm-sca\u00f0a      t\u00f4 Heorute \u00e2te\u00e1h:\n     dryht-sele dynede,      Denum eallum wear\u00f0,\n     ceaster-b\u00fbendum,      c\u00eanra gehwylcum,\n770  eorlum ealu-scerwen.      Yrre w\u00e6ron begen,\n     r\u00ea\u00f0e r\u00ean-weardas.      Reced hlynsode;\n     \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s wundor micel,      \u00fe\u00e4t se w\u00een-sele\n     wi\u00f0h\u00e4fde hea\u00f0o-de\u00f3rum,      \u00fe\u00e4t he on hrusan ne fe\u00f3l,\n     f\u00e4ger fold-bold;      ac he \u00fe\u00e4s f\u00e4ste w\u00e4s\n775  innan and \u00fbtan      \u00eeren-bendum\n     searo-\u00feoncum besmi\u00f0od.      \u00de\u00e6r fram sylle \u00e2be\u00e1g\n     medu-benc monig      m\u00eene gefr\u00e6ge,\n     golde geregnad,      \u00fe\u00e6r \u00fe\u00e2 graman wunnon;\n     \u00fe\u00e4s ne w\u00eandon \u00e6r      witan Scyldinga,\n780  \u00fe\u00e4t hit \u00e2 mid gemete      manna \u00e6nig\n     betl\u00eec and b\u00e2n-f\u00e2g      t\u00f4brecan meahte,\n     listum t\u00f4l\u00fbcan,      nym\u00f0e l\u00eeges f\u00e4\u00f0m\n     swulge on swa\u00f0ule.      Sw\u00eag up \u00e2st\u00e2g\n     niwe geneahhe;      Nor\u00f0-Denum st\u00f4d\n785  atel\u00eec egesa      \u00e2nra gehwylcum\n     \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee of wealle      w\u00f4p geh\u00fdrdon,\n     gryre-le\u00f3\u00f0 galan      godes andsacan,\n     sige-le\u00e1sne sang,      s\u00e2r w\u00e2nigean\n     helle h\u00e4ftan.      He\u00f3ld hine t\u00f4 f\u00e4ste\n790  se \u00fee manna w\u00e4s      m\u00e4gene strengest\n     on \u00fe\u00e4m d\u00e4ge      \u00feysses l\u00eefes.\n\n\nXIII. BE\u00d3WULF TEARS OFF GRENDEL'S ARM.\n\n     Nolde eorla hle\u00f3      \u00e6nige \u00feinga\n     \u00feone cwealm-cuman      cwicne forl\u00e6tan,\n     ne his l\u00eef-dagas      le\u00f3da \u00e6nigum\n795  nytte tealde.      \u00de\u00e6r genehost br\u00e4gd\n     eorl Be\u00f3wulfes      ealde l\u00e2fe,\n     wolde fre\u00e1-drihtnes      feorh ealgian\n     m\u00e6res \u00fee\u00f3dnes,      \u00fe\u00e6r hie meahton sw\u00e2;\n     hie \u00fe\u00e4t ne wiston,      \u00fe\u00e2 hie gewin drugon,\n800  heard-hicgende      hilde-mecgas,\n     and on healfa gehwone      he\u00e1wan \u00fe\u00f4hton,\n     s\u00e2wle s\u00eacan,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feone syn-sca\u00f0an\n     \u00e6nig ofer eor\u00f0an      \u00eerenna cyst,\n     g\u00fb\u00f0-billa n\u00e2n      gr\u00eatan nolde;\n805  ac he sige-w\u00e6pnum      forsworen h\u00e4fde,\n     ecga gehwylcre.      Scolde his aldor-ged\u00e2l\n     on \u00fe\u00e4m d\u00e4ge      \u00feysses l\u00eefes\n     earml\u00eec wur\u00f0an      and se ellor-g\u00e2st\n     on fe\u00f3nda geweald      feor s\u00ee\u00f0ian.\n810  \u00de\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t onfunde      se \u00fee fela \u00e6ror\n     m\u00f4des myr\u00f0e      manna cynne\n     fyrene gefremede      (he w\u00e4s f\u00e2g wi\u00f0 god)\n     \u00fe\u00e4t him se l\u00eec-homa      l\u00e6stan nolde,\n     ac hine se m\u00f4dega      m\u00e6g Hygel\u00e2ces\n815  h\u00e4fde be honda;      w\u00e4s gehw\u00e4\u00f0er \u00f4\u00f0rum\n     lifigende l\u00e2\u00f0.      L\u00eec-s\u00e2r geb\u00e2d\n     atol \u00e4gl\u00e6ca,      him on eaxle wear\u00f0\n     syn-dolh sweotol,      seonowe onsprungon\n     burston b\u00e2n-locan.      Be\u00f3wulfe wear\u00f0\n820  g\u00fb\u00f0-hr\u00ea\u00f0 gyfe\u00f0e;      scolde Grendel \u00feonan\n     feorh-se\u00f3c fle\u00f3n      under fen-hleo\u00f0u,\n     s\u00eacean wyn-le\u00e1s w\u00eec;      wiste \u00fe\u00ea geornor,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t his aldres w\u00e4s      ende gegongen,\n     d\u00f4gera d\u00e4g-r\u00eem.      Denum eallum wear\u00f0\n825  \u00e4fter \u00feam w\u00e4l-r\u00e6se      willa gelumpen.\n     H\u00e4fde \u00fe\u00e2 gef\u00e6lsod,      se \u00fee \u00e6r feorran com,\n     snotor and sw\u00fd\u00f0-ferh\u00f0      sele Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res,\n     genered wi\u00f0 n\u00ee\u00f0e.      Niht-weorce gefeh,\n     ellen-m\u00e6r\u00f0um;      h\u00e4fde E\u00e1st-Denum\n830  Ge\u00e1t-mecga le\u00f3d      gilp gel\u00e6sted,\n     swylce onc\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e      ealle geb\u00eatte,\n     inwid-sorge,      \u00fee hie \u00e6r drugon\n     and for \u00fere\u00e1-n\u00fddum      \u00feolian scoldon,\n     torn unlytel.      \u00de\u00e4t w\u00e4s t\u00e2cen sweotol,\n835  sy\u00f0\u00f0an hilde-de\u00f3r      hond \u00e2legde,\n     earm and eaxle      (\u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s eal geador\n     Grendles gr\u00e2pe)      under ge\u00e1pne hr\u00f4f.\n\n\nXIV. THE JOY AT HEOROT.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s on morgen      m\u00eene gefr\u00e6ge\n     ymb \u00fe\u00e2 gif-healle      g\u00fb\u00f0-rinc monig:\n840  f\u00eardon folc-togan      feorran and ne\u00e1n\n     geond w\u00eed-wegas      wundor sce\u00e1wian,\n     l\u00e2\u00f0es l\u00e2stas.      N\u00f4 his l\u00eef-ged\u00e2l\n     s\u00e2rl\u00eec \u00fe\u00fbhte      secga \u00e6negum,\n     \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee t\u00eer-le\u00e1ses      trode sce\u00e1wode,\n845  h\u00fb he w\u00earig-m\u00f4d      on weg \u00feanon,\n     n\u00ee\u00f0a ofercumen,      on nicera mere\n     f\u00e6ge and gefl\u00fdmed      feorh-l\u00e2stas b\u00e4r.\n     \u00de\u00e6r w\u00e4s on bl\u00f4de      brim weallende,\n     atol \u00fd\u00f0a geswing      eal gemenged\n850  h\u00e2tan heolfre,      heoro-dre\u00f3re we\u00f3l;\n     de\u00e1\u00f0-f\u00e6ge de\u00f3g,      si\u00f0\u00f0an dre\u00e1ma le\u00e1s\n     in fen-freo\u00f0o      feorh \u00e2legde\n     h\u00e6\u00f0ene s\u00e2wle,      \u00fe\u00e6r him hel onf\u00eang.\n     \u00deanon eft gewiton      eald-ges\u00ee\u00f0as,\n855  swylce geong manig      of gomen-w\u00e2\u00f0e,\n     fram mere m\u00f4dge,      mearum r\u00eedan,\n     beornas on blancum.      \u00de\u00e6r w\u00e4s Be\u00f3wulfes\n     m\u00e6r\u00f0o m\u00e6ned;      monig oft gecw\u00e4\u00f0,\n     \u00fe\u00e4tte s\u00fb\u00f0 ne nor\u00f0      be s\u00e6m tweonum\n860  ofer eormen-grund      \u00f4\u00f0er n\u00e6nig\n     under swegles begong      s\u00ealra n\u00e6re\n     rond-h\u00e4bbendra,      r\u00eeces wyr\u00f0ra.\n     Ne hie h\u00fbru wine-drihten      wiht ne l\u00f4gon,\n     gl\u00e4dne Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r,      ac \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s g\u00f4d cyning.\n865  Hw\u00eelum hea\u00f0o-r\u00f4fe      hle\u00e1pan l\u00eaton,\n     on gefl\u00eet faran      fealwe mearas,\n     \u00fe\u00e6r him fold-wegas      f\u00e4gere \u00fe\u00fbhton,\n     cystum c\u00fb\u00f0e;      hw\u00eelum cyninges \u00feegn,\n     guma gilp-hl\u00e4den      gidda gemyndig,\n870  se \u00fee eal-fela      eald-gesegena\n     worn gemunde,      word \u00f4\u00f0er fand\n     s\u00f4\u00f0e gebunden:      secg eft ongan\n     s\u00ee\u00f0 Be\u00f3wulfes      snyttrum styrian\n     and on sp\u00ead wrecan      spel ger\u00e2de,\n875  wordum wrixlan,      wel-hwylc gecw\u00e4\u00f0,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he fram Sigemunde      secgan h\u00fdrde,\n     ellen-d\u00e6dum,      unc\u00fb\u00f0es fela,\n     W\u00e4lsinges gewin,      w\u00eede s\u00ee\u00f0as,\n     \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee gumena bearn      gearwe ne wiston,\n880  f\u00e6h\u00f0e and fyrene,      b\u00fbton Fitela mid hine,\n     \u00feonne he swylces hw\u00e4t      secgan wolde\n     e\u00e1m his nefan,      sw\u00e2 hie \u00e2 w\u00e6ron\n     \u00e4t n\u00ee\u00f0a gehw\u00e2m      n\u00fdd-gesteallan:\n     h\u00e4fdon eal-fela      eotena cynnes\n885  sweordum ges\u00e6ged.      Sigemunde gesprong\n     \u00e4fter de\u00e1\u00f0-d\u00e4ge      d\u00f4m unl\u00fdtel,\n     sy\u00f0\u00f0an w\u00eeges heard      wyrm \u00e2cwealde,\n     hordes hyrde;      he under h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n,\n     \u00e4\u00f0elinges bearn,      \u00e2na gen\u00ea\u00f0de\n890  fr\u00eacne d\u00e6de;      ne w\u00e4s him Fitela mid.\n     Hw\u00e4\u00f0re him ges\u00e6lde,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4t swurd \u00feurhw\u00f4d\n     wr\u00e4tl\u00eecne wyrm,      \u00fe\u00e4t hit on wealle \u00e4tst\u00f4d,\n     dryhtl\u00eec \u00eeren;      draca mor\u00f0re swealt.\n     H\u00e4fde agl\u00e6ca      elne gegongen,\n895  \u00fe\u00e4t he be\u00e1h-hordes      br\u00fbcan m\u00f4ste\n     selfes d\u00f4me:      s\u00e6-b\u00e2t gehl\u00f4d,\n     b\u00e4r on bearm scipes      beorhte fr\u00e4twa,\n     W\u00e4lses eafera;      wyrm h\u00e2t gemealt.\n     Se w\u00e4s wreccena      w\u00eede m\u00e6rost\n900  ofer wer-\u00fee\u00f3de,      w\u00eegendra hle\u00f3\n     ellen-d\u00e6dum:      he \u00fe\u00e4s \u00e2ron \u00fe\u00e2h.\n     Si\u00f0\u00f0an Herem\u00f4des      hild swe\u00f0rode\n     eafo\u00f0 and ellen.      He mid eotenum wear\u00f0\n     on fe\u00f3nda geweald      for\u00f0 forl\u00e2cen,\n905  sn\u00fbde forsended.      Hine sorh-wylmas\n     lemede t\u00f4 lange,      he his le\u00f3dum wear\u00f0,\n     eallum \u00e4\u00f0elingum      t\u00f4 aldor-ceare;\n     swylce oft bemearn      \u00e6rran m\u00e6lum\n     sw\u00ee\u00f0-ferh\u00f0es s\u00ee\u00f0      snotor ceorl monig,\n910  se \u00fee him bealwa t\u00f4      b\u00f4te gel\u00fdfde,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fee\u00f3dnes bearn      ge\u00fee\u00f3n scolde,\n     f\u00e4der-\u00e4\u00f0elum onf\u00f4n,      folc gehealdan,\n     hord and hle\u00f3-burh,      h\u00e4le\u00f0a r\u00eece,\n     \u00ea\u00f0el Scyldinga.      He \u00fe\u00e6r eallum wear\u00f0,\n915  m\u00e6g Higel\u00e2ces      manna cynne,\n     fre\u00f3ndum gef\u00e4gra;      hine fyren onw\u00f4d.\n\n     Hw\u00eelum fl\u00eetende      fealwe str\u00e6te\n     mearum m\u00e6ton.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s morgen-le\u00f3ht\n     scofen and scynded.      Eode scealc monig\n920  sw\u00ee\u00f0-hicgende      t\u00f4 sele \u00feam he\u00e1n,\n     searo-wundor se\u00f3n,      swylce self cyning,\n     of br\u00fdd-b\u00fbre      be\u00e1h-horda weard,\n     tryddode t\u00eer-f\u00e4st      getrume micle,\n     cystum gec\u00fd\u00f0ed,      and his cw\u00ean mid him\n925  medo-st\u00eeg gem\u00e4t      m\u00e4g\u00f0a h\u00f4se.\n\n\nXV. HROTHGAR'S GRATULATION.\n\n     Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r ma\u00f0elode      (he t\u00f4 healle ge\u00f3ng,\n     st\u00f4d on stapole,      geseah ste\u00e1pne hr\u00f4f\n     golde f\u00e2hne      and Grendles hond):\n     \"\u00feisse ans\u00fdne      al-wealdan \u00feanc\n930  \"lungre gelimpe!      Fela ic l\u00e2\u00f0es geb\u00e2d,\n     \"grynna \u00e4t Grendle:      \u00e2 m\u00e4g god wyrcan\n     \"wunder \u00e4fter wundre,      wuldres hyrde!\n     \"\u00de\u00e4t w\u00e4s unge\u00e2ra,      \u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00e6nigra me\n     \"we\u00e1na ne w\u00eande      t\u00f4 w\u00eedan feore\n935  \"b\u00f4te geb\u00eedan      \u00feonne bl\u00f4de f\u00e2h\n     \"h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest      heoro-dre\u00f3rig st\u00f4d;\n     \"we\u00e1 w\u00eed-scofen      witena gehwylcne\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee ne w\u00eandon,      \u00fe\u00e4t hie w\u00eede-ferh\u00f0\n     \"le\u00f3da land-geweorc      l\u00e2\u00f0um beweredon\n940  \"scuccum and scinnum.      Nu scealc hafa\u00f0\n     \"\u00feurh drihtnes miht      d\u00e6d gefremede,\n     \"\u00fee we ealle      \u00e6r ne meahton\n     \"snyttrum besyrwan.      Hw\u00e4t! \u00fe\u00e4t secgan m\u00e4g\n     \"efne sw\u00e2 hwylc m\u00e4g\u00f0a,      sw\u00e2 \u00feone magan cende\n945  \"\u00e4fter gum-cynnum,      gyf he\u00f3 gyt lyfa\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t hyre eald-metod      \u00easte w\u00e6re\n     \"bearn-gebyrdo.      Nu ic Be\u00f3wulf\n     \"\u00feec, secg betsta,      me for sunu wylle\n     \"fre\u00f3gan on ferh\u00f0e;      heald for\u00f0 tela\n950  \"niwe sibbe.      Ne bi\u00f0 \u00fee n\u00e6nigra g\u00e2d\n     \"worolde wilna,      \u00fee ic geweald h\u00e4bbe.\n     \"Ful-oft ic for l\u00e4ssan      le\u00e1n teohhode\n     \"hord-weor\u00f0unge      hn\u00e2hran rince,\n     \"s\u00e6mran \u00e4t s\u00e4cce.      \u00deu \u00fee self hafast\n955  \"d\u00e6dum gefremed,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00een d\u00f4m lyfa\u00f0\n     \"\u00e2w\u00e2 t\u00f4 aldre.      Alwalda \u00feec\n     \"g\u00f4de forgylde,      sw\u00e2 he nu gyt dyde!\"\n     Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      bearn Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes:\n     \"We \u00fe\u00e4t ellen-weorc      \u00eastum miclum,\n960  \"feohtan fremedon,      fr\u00eacne gen\u00ea\u00f0don\n     \"eafo\u00f0 unc\u00fb\u00f0es;      \u00fb\u00f0e ic sw\u00ee\u00f0or,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu hinc selfne      gese\u00f3n m\u00f4ste,\n     \"fe\u00f3nd on fr\u00e4tewum      fyl-w\u00earigne!\n     \"Ic hine hr\u00e4dl\u00eece      heardan clammum\n965  \"on w\u00e4l-bedde      wr\u00ee\u00f0an \u00fe\u00f4hte,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t he for mund-gripe      m\u00eenum scolde\n     \"licgean l\u00eef-bysig,      b\u00fbtan his l\u00eec swice;\n     \"ic hine ne mihte,      \u00fe\u00e2 metod nolde,\n     \"ganges getw\u00e6man,      n\u00f4 ic him \u00fe\u00e4s georne \u00e4tfealh,\n970  \"feorh-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan;      w\u00e4s t\u00f4 fore-mihtig\n     \"fe\u00f3nd on f\u00ea\u00f0e.      Hw\u00e4\u00f0ere he his folme forl\u00eat\n     \"t\u00f4 l\u00eef-wra\u00f0e      l\u00e2st weardian,\n     \"earm and eaxle;      n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e6nige sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h\n     \"fe\u00e1-sceaft guma      fr\u00f4fre gebohte:\n975  \"n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd leng leofa\u00f0      l\u00e2\u00f0-gete\u00f3na\n     \"synnum geswenced,      ac hyne s\u00e2r hafa\u00f0\n     \"in n\u00fdd-gripe      nearwe befongen,\n     \"balwon bendum:      \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e2b\u00eedan sceal\n     \"maga m\u00e2ne f\u00e2h      miclan d\u00f4mes,\n980  \"h\u00fb him sc\u00eer metod      scr\u00eefan wille.\"\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s sw\u00eegra secg,      sunu Ecgl\u00e2fes,\n     on gylp-spr\u00e6ce      g\u00fb\u00f0-geweorca,\n     si\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e4\u00f0elingas      eorles cr\u00e4fte\n     ofer he\u00e1hne hr\u00f4f      hand sce\u00e1wedon,\n985  fe\u00f3ndes fingras,      foran \u00e6ghwylc;\n     w\u00e4s st\u00eade n\u00e4gla gehwylc,      st\u00fdle gel\u00eecost,\n     h\u00e6\u00f0enes hand-sporu      hilde-rinces\n     egle unhe\u00f3ru;      \u00e6g-hwylc gecw\u00e4\u00f0,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t him heardra n\u00e2n      hr\u00eenan wolde\n990  \u00eeren \u00e6r-g\u00f4d,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4s ahl\u00e6can\n     bl\u00f4dge beadu-folme      onberan wolde.\n\n\nXVI. THE BANQUET AND THE GIFTS.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s h\u00e2ten hre\u00f0e      Heort innan-weard\n     folmum gefr\u00e4twod:      fela \u00fe\u00e6ra w\u00e4s\n     wera and w\u00eefa,      \u00fee \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00een-reced,\n995  gest-sele gyredon.      Gold-f\u00e2g scinon\n     web \u00e4fter wagum,      wundor-si\u00f3na fela\n     secga gehwylcum      \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee on swylc stara\u00f0\n     W\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t beorhte bold      t\u00f4brocen sw\u00ee\u00f0e\n     eal inne-weard      \u00eeren-bendum f\u00e4st,\n1000 heorras t\u00f4hlidene;      hr\u00f4f \u00e2na gen\u00e4s\n     ealles ansund,      \u00fe\u00e2 se agl\u00e6ca\n     fyren-d\u00e6dum f\u00e2g      on fle\u00e1m gewand,\n     aldres or-w\u00eana.      N\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fd\u00f0e by\u00f0\n     t\u00f4 befle\u00f3nne      (fremme se \u00fee wille!)\n1005 ac gesacan sceal      s\u00e2wl-berendra\n     n\u00fdde gen\u00fddde      ni\u00f0\u00f0a bearna\n     grund-b\u00fbendra      gearwe st\u00f4we,\n     \u00fe\u00e6r his l\u00eec-homa      leger-bedde f\u00e4st\n     swefe\u00f0 \u00e4fter symle.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s s\u00e6l and m\u00e6l,\n1010 \u00fe\u00e4t t\u00f4 healle gang      Healfdenes sunu;\n     wolde self cyning      symbel \u00feicgan.\n     Ne gefr\u00e4gen ic \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e6g\u00f0e      m\u00e2ran weorode\n     ymb hyra sinc-gyfan      s\u00eal geb\u00e6ran.\n     Bugon \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 bence      bl\u00e6d-\u00e2gende,\n1015 fylle gef\u00e6gon.      F\u00e4gere ge\u00fe\u00e6gon\n     medo-ful manig      m\u00e2gas + \u00fe\u00e2ra\n     sw\u00ee\u00f0-hicgende      on sele \u00feam he\u00e1n,\n     Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r and Hr\u00f4\u00f0ulf.      Heorot innan w\u00e4s\n     fre\u00f3ndum \u00e2fylled;      nalles f\u00e2cen-stafas\n1020 \u00dee\u00f3d-Scyldingas      \u00feenden fremedon.\n     Forgeaf \u00fe\u00e2 Be\u00f3wulfe      bearn Healfdenes\n     segen gyldenne      sigores t\u00f4 le\u00e1ne,\n     hroden hilte-cumbor,      helm and byrnan;\n     m\u00e6re m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-sweord      manige ges\u00e2won\n1025 beforan beorn beran.      Be\u00f3wulf ge\u00feah\n     ful on flette;      n\u00f4 he \u00fe\u00e6re feoh-gyfte\n     for sce\u00f3tendum      scamigan \u00feorfte,\n     ne gefr\u00e4gn ic fre\u00f3ndl\u00eecor      fe\u00f3wer m\u00e2dmas\n     golde gegyrede      gum-manna fela\n1030 in ealo-bence      \u00f4\u00f0rum gesellan.\n     Ymb \u00fe\u00e4s helmes hr\u00f4f      he\u00e1fod-beorge\n     w\u00eerum bewunden      walan \u00fbtan he\u00f3ld,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t him f\u00eala l\u00e2fe      fr\u00eacne ne meahton\n     sc\u00fbr-heard sce\u00f0\u00f0an,      \u00feonne scyld-freca\n1035 onge\u00e1n gramum      gangan scolde.\n     H\u00eaht \u00fe\u00e2 eorla hle\u00f3      eahta mearas,\n     f\u00e4ted-hle\u00f3re,      on flet te\u00f3n\n     in under eoderas;      \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00e2num st\u00f4d\n     sadol searwum f\u00e2h      since gewur\u00f0ad,\n1040 \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s hilde-setl      he\u00e1h-cyninges,\n     \u00feonne sweorda gel\u00e2c      sunu Healfdenes\n     efnan wolde;      n\u00e6fre on \u00f4re l\u00e4g\n     w\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0es w\u00eeg,      \u00feonne walu fe\u00f3llon.\n     And \u00fe\u00e2 Be\u00f3wulfe      bega gehw\u00e4\u00f0res\n1045 eodor Ingwina      onweald gete\u00e1h,\n     wicga and w\u00e6pna;      h\u00eat hine wel br\u00fbcan.\n     Sw\u00e2 manl\u00eece      m\u00e6re \u00fee\u00f3den,\n     hord-weard h\u00e4le\u00f0a      hea\u00f0o-r\u00e6sas geald\n     mearum and m\u00e2dmum,      sw\u00e2 h\u00fd n\u00e6fre man lyh\u00f0,\n1050 se \u00fee secgan wile      s\u00f4\u00f0 \u00e4fter rihte.\n\n\nXVII. SONG OF HROTHGAR'S POET--THE LAY OF HNAEF AND HENGEST.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 gyt \u00e6ghwylcum      eorla drihten\n     \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee mid Be\u00f3wulfe      brim-l\u00e2de te\u00e1h,\n     on \u00fe\u00e6re medu-bence      m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um gesealde,\n     yrfe-l\u00e2fe,      and \u00feone \u00e6nne h\u00eaht\n1055 golde forgyldan,      \u00feone \u00fee Grendel \u00e6r\n     m\u00e2ne \u00e2cwealde,      sw\u00e2 he hyra m\u00e2 wolde,\n     nefne him witig god      wyrd forst\u00f4de\n     and \u00fe\u00e4s mannes m\u00f4d:      metod eallum we\u00f3ld\n     gumena cynnes,      sw\u00e2 he nu git d\u00ea\u00f0;\n1060 for\u00fean bi\u00f0 andgit      \u00e6ghw\u00e6r s\u00ealest,\n     ferh\u00f0es fore-\u00feanc!      fela sceal geb\u00eedan\n     le\u00f3fes and l\u00e2\u00f0es,      se \u00fee longe her\n     on \u00feyssum win-dagum      worolde br\u00fbce\u00f0.\n     \u00de\u00e6r w\u00e4s sang and sw\u00eag      samod \u00e4tg\u00e4dere\n1065 fore Healfdenes      hilde-w\u00eesan,\n     gomen-wudu gr\u00eated,      gid oft wrecen,\n     \u00feonne heal-gamen      Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res sc\u00f4p\n     \u00e4fter medo-bence      m\u00e6nan scolde\n     Finnes eaferum,      \u00fe\u00e2 hie se f\u00e6r begeat:\n1070 \"H\u00e4le\u00f0 Healfdenes,      Hn\u00e4f Scyldinga,\n     \"in Fr..es w\u00e4le      feallan scolde.\n     \"Ne h\u00fbru Hildeburh      h\u00earian \u00feorfte\n     \"Eotena tre\u00f3we:      unsynnum wear\u00f0\n     \"beloren le\u00f3fum      \u00e4t \u00feam lind-plegan\n1075 \"bearnum and br\u00f4\u00f0rum;      hie on gebyrd hruron\n     \"g\u00e2re wunde;      \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s ge\u00f4muru ides.\n     \"Nalles h\u00f4linga      H\u00f4ces d\u00f4htor\n     \"meotod-sceaft bemearn,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an morgen com,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 he\u00f3 under swegle      gese\u00f3n meahte\n1080 \"mor\u00f0or-bealo m\u00e2ga,      \u00fe\u00e6r he\u00f3 \u00e6r m\u00e6ste he\u00f3ld\n     \"worolde wynne:      w\u00eeg ealle fornam\n     \"Finnes \u00feegnas,      nemne fe\u00e1um \u00e2num,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t he ne mehte      on \u00fe\u00e4m me\u00f0el-stede\n     \"w\u00eeg Hengeste      wiht gefeohtan,\n1085 \"ne \u00fe\u00e2 we\u00e1-l\u00e2fe      w\u00eege for\u00feringan\n     \"\u00fee\u00f3dnes \u00feegne;       ac hig him ge\u00feingo budon,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t hie him \u00f4\u00f0er flet      eal ger\u00fdmdon,\n     \"healle and he\u00e1h-setl,      \u00fe\u00e4t hie healfre geweald\n     \"wi\u00f0 Eotena bearn      \u00e2gan m\u00f4ston,\n1090 \"and \u00e4t feoh-gyftum      Folcwaldan sunu\n     \"d\u00f4gra gehwylce      Dene weor\u00f0ode,\n     \"Hengestes he\u00e1p      hringum wenede,\n     \"efne sw\u00e2 sw\u00ee\u00f0e      sinc-gestre\u00f3num\n     \"f\u00e4ttan goldes,      sw\u00e2 he Fresena cyn\n1095 \"on be\u00f3r-sele      byldan wolde.\n     \"\u00de\u00e2 hie getr\u00fbwedon      on tw\u00e2 healfa\n     \"f\u00e4ste frio\u00f0u-w\u00e6re;      Fin Hengeste\n     \"elne unflitme      \u00e2\u00f0um benemde,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t he \u00fe\u00e2 we\u00e1-l\u00e2fe      weotena d\u00f4me\n1100 \"\u00e2rum heolde,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e6nig mon\n     \"wordum ne worcum      w\u00e6re ne br\u00e6ce,\n     \"ne \u00feurh inwit-searo      \u00e6fre gem\u00e6nden,\n     \"\u00fee\u00e1h hie hira be\u00e1g-gyfan      banan folgedon\n     \"\u00fee\u00f3den-le\u00e1se,      \u00fe\u00e2 him sw\u00e2 ge\u00feearfod w\u00e4s:\n1105 \"gyf \u00feonne Frysna hwylc      fr\u00eacnan spr\u00e6ce\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4s mor\u00f0or-hetes      myndgiend w\u00e6re,\n     \"\u00feonne hit sweordes ecg      sy\u00f0\u00f0an scolde.\n     \"\u00c2\u00f0 w\u00e4s ge\u00e4fned      and icge gold\n     \"\u00e2h\u00e4fen of horde.      Here-Scyldinga\n1110 \"betst beado-rinca      w\u00e4s on b\u00e6l gearu;\n     \"\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4m \u00e2de w\u00e4s      \u00ea\u00f0-ges\u00fdne\n     \"sw\u00e2t-f\u00e2h syrce,      sw\u00fdn eal-gylden,\n     \"eofer \u00eeren-heard,      \u00e4\u00f0eling manig\n     \"wundum \u00e2wyrded;      sume on w\u00e4le crungon.\n1115 \"H\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 Hildeburh      \u00e4t Hn\u00e4fes \u00e2de\n     \"hire selfre sunu      sweolo\u00f0e bef\u00e4stan,\n     \"b\u00e2n-fatu b\u00e4rnan      and on b\u00e6l d\u00f4n.\n     \"Earme on eaxle      ides gnornode,\n     \"ge\u00f4mrode giddum;      g\u00fb\u00f0-rinc \u00e2st\u00e2h.\n1120 \"Wand t\u00f4 wolcnum      w\u00e4l-f\u00fdra m\u00e6st,\n     \"hlynode for hl\u00e2we;      hafelan multon,\n     \"ben-geato burston,      \u00feonne bl\u00f4d \u00e4tspranc\n     \"l\u00e2\u00f0-bite l\u00eeces.      L\u00eeg ealle forswealg,\n     \"g\u00e6sta g\u00eefrost,      \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee \u00fe\u00e6r g\u00fb\u00f0 fornam\n1125 \"bega folces;      w\u00e4s hira bl\u00e6d scacen.\n\n\nXVIII. THE GLEEMAN'S TALE IS ENDED.\n\n     \"Gewiton him \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00eegend      w\u00eeca ne\u00f3sian,\n     \"fre\u00f3ndum befeallen      Frysland gese\u00f3n,\n     \"h\u00e2mas and he\u00e1-burh.      Hengest \u00fe\u00e2 gyt\n     \"w\u00e4l-f\u00e2gne winter      wunode mid Finne\n1130 \"ealles unhlitme;      eard gemunde,\n     \"\u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee he ne meahte      on mere dr\u00eefan\n     \"hringed-stefnan;      holm storme we\u00f3l,\n     \"won wi\u00f0 winde;      winter \u00fd\u00f0e bele\u00e1c\n     \"\u00ees-gebinde      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00f4\u00f0er com\n1135 \"ge\u00e2r in geardas,      sw\u00e2 nu gyt d\u00ea\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 \u00fee syngales      s\u00eale bewitia\u00f0,\n     \"wuldor-torhtan weder.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s winter scacen,\n     \"f\u00e4ger foldan bearm;      fundode wrecca,\n     \"gist of geardum;      he t\u00f4 gyrn-wr\u00e4ce\n1140 \"sw\u00ee\u00f0or \u00fe\u00f4hte,      \u00feonne t\u00f4 s\u00e6-l\u00e2de,\n     \"gif he torn-gem\u00f4t      \u00feurhte\u00f3n mihte,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t he Eotena bearn      inne gemunde.\n     \"Sw\u00e2 he ne forwyrnde      worold-r\u00e6denne,\n     \"\u00feonne him H\u00fbnl\u00e2fing      hilde-le\u00f3man,\n1145 \"billa s\u00ealest,      on bearm dyde:\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4s w\u00e6ron mid Eotenum      ecge c\u00fb\u00f0e.\n     \"Swylce ferh\u00f0-frecan      Fin eft begeat\n     \"sweord-bealo sl\u00ee\u00f0en      \u00e4t his selfes h\u00e2m,\n     \"si\u00f0\u00f0an grimne gripe      G\u00fb\u00f0laf ond \u00d4sl\u00e2f\n1150 \"\u00e4fter s\u00e6-si\u00f0e      sorge m\u00e6ndon,\n     \"\u00e4twiton we\u00e1na d\u00e6l;      ne meahte w\u00e4fre m\u00f4d\n     \"forhabban in hre\u00f0re.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s heal hroden\n     \"fe\u00f3nda feorum,      swilce Fin sl\u00e4gen,\n     \"cyning on cor\u00f0re,      and se\u00f3 cw\u00ean numen.\n1155 \"Sce\u00f3tend Scyldinga      t\u00f4 scypum feredon\n     \"eal in-gesteald      eor\u00f0-cyninges,\n     \"swylce hie \u00e4t Finnes h\u00e2m      findan meahton\n     \"sigla searo-gimma.      Hie on s\u00e6-l\u00e2de\n     \"drihtl\u00eece w\u00eef      t\u00f4 Denum feredon,\n1160 \"l\u00e6ddon t\u00f4 le\u00f3dum.\"      Le\u00f3\u00f0 w\u00e4s \u00e2sungen,\n     gle\u00f3-mannes gyd.      Gamen eft \u00e2st\u00e2h,\n     beorhtode benc-sw\u00eag,      byrelas sealdon\n     w\u00een of wunder-fatum.      \u00de\u00e2 cwom Wealh\u00fee\u00f3 for\u00f0\n     g\u00e2n under gyldnum be\u00e1ge,      \u00fe\u00e6r \u00fe\u00e2 g\u00f4dan twegen\n1165 s\u00e6ton suhter-gef\u00e4deran;      \u00fe\u00e2 gyt w\u00e4s hiera sib \u00e4tg\u00e4dere\n     \u00e6ghwylc \u00f4\u00f0rum tr\u00fdwe.      Swylce \u00fe\u00e6r \u00dbnfer\u00f0 \u00feyle\n     \u00e4t f\u00f4tum s\u00e4t fre\u00e1n Scyldinga:      gehwylc hiora his ferh\u00f0e tre\u00f3wde,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he h\u00e4fde m\u00f4d micel,      \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee he his m\u00e2gum n\u00e6re\n     \u00e2rf\u00e4st \u00e4t ecga gel\u00e2cum.      Spr\u00e4c \u00fe\u00e2 ides Scyldinga:\n1170 \"Onf\u00f4h \u00feissum fulle,      fre\u00f3-drihten m\u00een,\n     \"sinces brytta;      \u00feu on s\u00e6lum wes,\n     \"gold-wine gumena,      and t\u00f4 Ge\u00e1tum sprec\n     \"mildum wordum!      Sw\u00e2 sceal man d\u00f4n.\n     \"Be\u00f3 wi\u00f0 Ge\u00e1tas gl\u00e4d,      geofena gemyndig;\n1175 \"ne\u00e1n and feorran      \u00feu nu fri\u00f0u hafast.\n     \"Me man s\u00e4gde,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu \u00fee for sunu wolde\n     \"here-rinc habban.      Heorot is gef\u00e6lsod,\n     \"be\u00e1h-sele beorhta;      br\u00fbc \u00feenden \u00feu m\u00f4te\n     \"manigra m\u00eada      and \u00fe\u00eenum m\u00e2gum l\u00e6f\n1180 \"folc and r\u00eece,      \u00feonne \u00feu for\u00f0 scyle\n     \"metod-sceaft se\u00f3n.      Ic m\u00eenne can\n     \"gl\u00e4dne Hr\u00f4\u00f0ulf,      \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00fe\u00e2 geogo\u00f0e wile\n     \"\u00e2rum healdan,      gyf \u00feu \u00e6r \u00feonne he,\n     \"wine Scildinga,      worold ofl\u00e6test;\n1185 \"w\u00eane ic, \u00fe\u00e4t he mid g\u00f4de      gyldan wille\n     \"uncran eaferan,      gif he \u00fe\u00e4t eal gemon,\n     \"hw\u00e4t wit t\u00f4 willan      and t\u00f4 wor\u00f0-myndum\n     \"umbor wesendum \u00e6r      \u00e2rna gefremedon.\"\n     Hwearf \u00fe\u00e2 b\u00ee bence,      \u00fe\u00e6r hyre byre w\u00e6ron,\n1190 Hr\u00ea\u00f0r\u00eec and Hr\u00f4\u00f0mund,      and h\u00e4le\u00f0a bearn,\n     giogo\u00f0 \u00e4tg\u00e4dere;      \u00fe\u00e6r se g\u00f4da s\u00e4t\n     Be\u00f3wulf Ge\u00e1ta      be \u00fe\u00e6m gebr\u00f4\u00f0rum tw\u00e6m.\n\n\nXIX. BE\u00d3WULF'S JEWELLED COLLAR. THE HEROES REST.\n\n     Him w\u00e4s ful boren      and fre\u00f3nd-la\u00f0u\n     wordum bew\u00e4gned      and wunden gold\n1195 \u00eastum gee\u00e1wed,      earm-hre\u00e1de tw\u00e2,\n     hr\u00e4gl and hringas,      heals-be\u00e1ga m\u00e6st\n     \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee ic on foldan      gefr\u00e4gen h\u00e4bbe.\n     N\u00e6nigne ic under swegle      s\u00ealran h\u00fdrde\n     hord-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um h\u00e4le\u00f0a,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an H\u00e2ma \u00e4tw\u00e4g\n1200 t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6re byrhtan byrig      Brosinga mene,\n     sigle and sinc-f\u00e4t,      searo-n\u00ee\u00f0as fealh\n     Eormenr\u00eeces,      gece\u00e1s \u00eacne r\u00e6d.\n     \u00deone hring h\u00e4fde      Higel\u00e2c Ge\u00e1ta,\n     nefa Swertinges,      n\u00fdhstan s\u00ee\u00f0e,\n1205 si\u00f0\u00f0an he under segne      sinc ealgode,\n     w\u00e4l-re\u00e1f werede;      hyne Wyrd fornam,\n     sy\u00f0\u00f0an he for wlenco      we\u00e1n \u00e2hsode,\n     f\u00e6h\u00f0e t\u00f4 Frysum;      he \u00fe\u00e2 fr\u00e4twe w\u00e4g,\n     eorclan-st\u00e2nas      ofer \u00fd\u00f0a ful,\n1210 r\u00eece \u00fee\u00f3den,      he under rande gecranc;\n     gehwearf \u00fe\u00e2 in Francna f\u00e4\u00f0m      feorh cyninges,\n     bre\u00f3st-gew\u00e6du      and se be\u00e1h somod:\n     wyrsan w\u00eeg-frecan      w\u00e4l re\u00e1fedon\n     \u00e4fter g\u00fb\u00f0-sceare,      Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de\n1215 hre\u00e2-w\u00eec he\u00f3ldon.      Heal sw\u00eage onf\u00eang.\n     Wealh\u00fee\u00f3 ma\u00f0elode,      he\u00f3 fore \u00fe\u00e4m werede spr\u00e4c:\n     \"Br\u00fbc \u00feisses be\u00e1ges,      Be\u00f3wulf, le\u00f3fa\n     \"hyse, mid h\u00e6le,      and \u00feisses hr\u00e4gles ne\u00f3t\n     \"\u00fee\u00f3d-gestre\u00f3na,      and ge\u00fee\u00f3h tela,\n1220 \"cen \u00feec mid cr\u00e4fte      and \u00feyssum cnyhtum wes\n     \"l\u00e2ra l\u00ee\u00f0e!      ic \u00fee \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00e1n geman.\n     \"Hafast \u00feu gef\u00eared,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fee feor and ne\u00e1h\n     \"ealne w\u00eede-ferh\u00f0      weras ehtiga\u00f0,\n     \"efne sw\u00e2 s\u00eede      sw\u00e2 s\u00e6 beb\u00fbge\u00f0\n1225 \"windige weallas.      Wes, \u00feenden \u00feu lifige,\n     \"\u00e4\u00f0eling e\u00e1dig!      ic \u00fee an tela\n     \"sinc-gestre\u00f3na.      Be\u00f3 \u00feu suna m\u00eenum\n     \"d\u00e6dum ged\u00eafe      dre\u00e1m healdende!\n     \"Her is \u00e6ghwylc eorl      \u00f4\u00f0rum getr\u00fdwe,\n1230 \"m\u00f4des milde,      man-drihtne hold,\n     \"\u00feegnas syndon ge\u00few\u00e6re,      \u00fee\u00f3d eal gearo:\n     \"druncne dryht-guman,      d\u00f4\u00f0 sw\u00e2 ic bidde!\"\n     Eode \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 setle.      \u00de\u00e6r w\u00e4s symbla cyst,\n     druncon w\u00een weras:      wyrd ne c\u00fb\u00f0on,\n1235 ge\u00f3-sceaft grimme,      sw\u00e2 hit \u00e2gangen wear\u00f0\n     eorla manegum,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e6fen cwom\n     and him Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r gew\u00e2t      t\u00f4 hofe s\u00eenum,\n     r\u00eece t\u00f4 r\u00e4ste.      Reced weardode\n     unr\u00eem eorla,      sw\u00e2 hie oft \u00e6r dydon:\n1240 benc-\u00feelu beredon,      hit geond-br\u00e6ded wear\u00f0\n     beddum and bolstrum.      Be\u00f3r-scealca sum\n     f\u00fbs and f\u00e6ge      flet-r\u00e4ste gebe\u00e1g.\n     Setton him t\u00f4 he\u00e1fdum      hilde-randas,\n     bord-wudu beorhtan;      \u00fe\u00e6r on bence w\u00e4s\n1245 ofer \u00e4\u00f0elinge      \u00fd\u00f0-ges\u00eane\n     hea\u00f0o-ste\u00e1pa helm,      hringed byrne,\n     \u00ferec-wudu \u00feryml\u00eec.      W\u00e4s \u00fee\u00e1w hyra,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hie oft w\u00e6ron      an w\u00eeg gearwe,\n     ge \u00e4t h\u00e2m ge on herge,      ge gehw\u00e4\u00f0er \u00fe\u00e2ra\n1250 efne swylce m\u00e6la,      swylce hira man-dryhtne\n     \u00feearf ges\u00e6lde;      w\u00e4s se\u00f3 \u00fee\u00f3d tilu.\n\n\nXX. GRENDEL'S MOTHER ATTACKS THE RING-DANES.\n\n     Sigon \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 sl\u00e6pe.      Sum s\u00e2re angeald\n     \u00e6fen-r\u00e4ste,      sw\u00e2 him ful-oft gelamp,\n     si\u00f0\u00f0an gold-sele      Grendel warode,\n1255 unriht \u00e4fnde,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t ende becwom,\n     swylt \u00e4fter synnum.      \u00de\u00e4t ges\u00fdne wear\u00f0,\n     w\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0 werum,      \u00fe\u00e4tte wrecend \u00fe\u00e2 gyt\n     lifde \u00e4fter l\u00e2\u00f0um,      lange \u00ferage\n     \u00e4fter g\u00fb\u00f0-ceare;      Grendles m\u00f4dor,\n1260 ides agl\u00e6c-w\u00eef      yrm\u00f0e gemunde,\n     se \u00fee w\u00e4ter-egesan      wunian scolde,\n     cealde stre\u00e1mas,      si\u00f0\u00f0an Cain wear\u00f0\n     t\u00f4 ecg-banan      \u00e2ngan br\u00ea\u00f0er,\n     f\u00e4deren-m\u00e6ge;      he \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e2g gew\u00e2t,\n1265 mor\u00f0re gemearcod      man-dre\u00e1m fle\u00f3n,\n     w\u00easten warode.      \u00deanon w\u00f4c fela\n     ge\u00f3sceaft-g\u00e2sta;      w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e6ra Grendel sum,\n     heoro-wearh hetel\u00eec,      se \u00e4t Heorote fand\n     w\u00e4ccendne wer      w\u00eeges b\u00eedan,\n1270 \u00fe\u00e6r him agl\u00e6ca      \u00e4t-gr\u00e6pe wear\u00f0;\n     hw\u00e4\u00f0re he gemunde      m\u00e4genes strenge,\n     gim-f\u00e4ste gife,      \u00fee him god sealde,\n     and him t\u00f4 anwaldan      \u00e2re gel\u00fdfde,\n     fr\u00f4fre and fultum:      \u00fe\u00fd he \u00feone fe\u00f3nd ofercwom,\n1275 gehn\u00e6gde helle g\u00e2st:      \u00fe\u00e2 he he\u00e1n gew\u00e2t,\n     dre\u00e1me bed\u00e6led      de\u00e1\u00f0-w\u00eec se\u00f3n,\n     man-cynnes fe\u00f3nd.      And his m\u00f4dor \u00fe\u00e2 gyt\n     g\u00eefre and galg-m\u00f4d      geg\u00e2n wolde\n     sorh-fulne s\u00ee\u00f0,      suna de\u00e1\u00f0 wrecan.\n1280 Com \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 Heorote,      \u00fe\u00e6r Hring-Dene\n     geond \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00e4ld sw\u00e6fun.      \u00de\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00f4na wear\u00f0\n     ed-hwyrft eorlum,      si\u00f0\u00f0an inne fealh\n     Grendles m\u00f4dor;      w\u00e4s se gryre l\u00e4ssa\n     efne sw\u00e2 micle,      sw\u00e2 bi\u00f0 m\u00e4g\u00f0a cr\u00e4ft,\n1285 w\u00eeg-gryre w\u00eefes      be w\u00e6pned-men,\n     \u00feonne heoru bunden,      hamere ge\u00feuren,\n     sweord sw\u00e2te f\u00e2h      sw\u00een ofer helme,\n     ecgum dyhtig      andweard scire\u00f0.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s on healle      heard-ecg togen,\n1290 sweord ofer setlum,      s\u00eed-rand manig\n     hafen handa f\u00e4st;      helm ne gemunde,\n     byrnan s\u00eede,      \u00fee hine se br\u00f4ga angeat.\n     He\u00f3 w\u00e4s on \u00f4fste,      wolde \u00fbt \u00feanon\n     feore beorgan,      \u00fe\u00e2 he\u00f3 onfunden w\u00e4s;\n1295 hra\u00f0e he\u00f3 \u00e4\u00f0elinga      \u00e2nne h\u00e4fde\n     f\u00e4ste befangen,      \u00fe\u00e2 he\u00f3 t\u00f4 fenne gang;\n     se w\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re      h\u00e4le\u00f0a le\u00f3fost\n     on ges\u00ee\u00f0es h\u00e2d      be s\u00e6m tweonum,\n     r\u00eece rand-w\u00eega,      \u00feone \u00fee he\u00f3 on r\u00e4ste \u00e2bre\u00e1t,\n1300 bl\u00e6d-f\u00e4stne beorn.      N\u00e4s Be\u00f3wulf \u00fe\u00e6r,\n     ac w\u00e4s \u00f4\u00f0er in      \u00e6r geteohhod\n     \u00e4fter m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-gife      m\u00e6rum Ge\u00e1te.\n     Hre\u00e1m wear\u00f0 on Heorote.      He\u00f3 under heolfre genam\n     c\u00fb\u00f0e folme;      cearu w\u00e4s geniwod\n1305 geworden in w\u00eecum:      ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t gewrixle til,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hie on b\u00e2 healfa      bicgan scoldon\n     fre\u00f3nda feorum.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s fr\u00f4d cyning,\n     h\u00e2r hilde-rinc,      on hre\u00f3n m\u00f4de,\n     sy\u00f0\u00f0an he aldor-\u00feegn      unlyfigendne,\n1310 \u00feone de\u00f3restan      de\u00e1dne wisse.\n     Hra\u00f0e w\u00e4s t\u00f4 b\u00fbre      Be\u00f3wulf fetod,\n     sigor-e\u00e1dig secg.      Samod \u00e6r-d\u00e4ge\n     eode eorla sum,      \u00e4\u00f0ele cempa\n     self mid ges\u00ee\u00f0um,      \u00fe\u00e6r se snottra b\u00e2d,\n1315 hw\u00e4\u00f0re him al-walda      \u00e6fre wille\n     \u00e4fter we\u00e1-spelle      wyrpe gefremman.\n     Gang \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4fter fl\u00f4re      fyrd-wyr\u00f0e man\n     mid his hand-scale      (heal-wudu dynede)\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feone w\u00eesan      wordum hn\u00e6gde\n1320 fre\u00e1n Ingwina;      fr\u00e4gn gif him w\u00e6re\n     \u00e4fter ne\u00f3d-la\u00f0u      niht get\u00e6se.\n\n\nXXI. SORROW AT HEOROT: \u00c6SCHERE'S DEATH.\n\n     Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r ma\u00f0elode,      helm Scildinga:\n     \"Ne frin \u00feu \u00e4fter s\u00e6lum!      Sorh is geniwod\n     \"Denigea le\u00f3dum.      De\u00e1d is \u00c4sc-here,\n1325 \"Yrmenl\u00e2fes      yldra br\u00f4\u00f0or,\n     \"m\u00een r\u00fbn-wita      and m\u00een r\u00e6d-bora,\n     \"eaxl-gestealla,      \u00feonne we on orlege\n     \"hafelan weredon,      \u00feonne hniton f\u00ea\u00f0an,\n     \"eoferas cnysedan;      swylc scolde eorl wesan\n1330 \"\u00e4\u00f0eling \u00e6r-g\u00f4d,      swylc \u00c4sc-here w\u00e4s.\n     \"Wear\u00f0 him on Heorote      t\u00f4 hand-banan\n     \"w\u00e4l-g\u00e6st w\u00e4fre;      ic ne w\u00e2t hw\u00e4der\n     \"atol \u00e6se wlanc      eft-s\u00ee\u00f0as te\u00e1h,\n     \"fylle gefr\u00e6gnod.      He\u00f3 \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e wr\u00e4c,\n1335 \"\u00fee \u00feu gystran niht      Grendel cwealdest\n     \"\u00feurh h\u00e6stne h\u00e2d      heardum clammum,\n     \"for\u00fean he t\u00f4 lange      le\u00f3de m\u00eene\n     \"wanode and wyrde.      He \u00e4t w\u00eege gecrang\n     \"ealdres scyldig,      and nu \u00f4\u00f0er cwom\n1340 \"mihtig m\u00e2n-sca\u00f0a,      wolde hyre m\u00e6g wrecan,\n     \"ge feor hafa\u00f0      f\u00e6h\u00f0e gest\u00e6led,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee \u00feincean m\u00e4g      \u00feegne monegum,\n     \"se \u00fee \u00e4fter sinc-gyfan      on sefan gre\u00f3te\u00f0,\n     \"hre\u00f0er-bealo hearde;      nu se\u00f3 hand lige\u00f0,\n1345 \"se \u00fee e\u00f3w wel-hwylcra      wilna dohte.\n     \"Ic \u00fe\u00e4t lond-b\u00fbend      le\u00f3de m\u00eene\n     \"sele-r\u00e6dende      secgan h\u00fdrde,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t hie ges\u00e2won      swylce twegen\n     \"micle mearc-stapan      m\u00f4ras healdan,\n1350 \"ellor-g\u00e6stas:      \u00fe\u00e6ra \u00f4\u00f0er w\u00e4s,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee hie gewisl\u00eecost      gewitan meahton,\n     \"idese onl\u00eecnes,      \u00f4\u00f0er earm-sceapen\n     \"on weres w\u00e4stmum      wr\u00e4c-l\u00e2stas tr\u00e4d,\n     \"n\u00e4fne he w\u00e4s m\u00e2ra      \u00feonne \u00e6nig man \u00f4\u00f0er,\n1355 \"\u00feone on ge\u00e2r-dagum      Grendel nemdon\n     \"fold-b\u00fbende:      n\u00f4 hie f\u00e4der cunnon,\n     \"hw\u00e4\u00f0er him \u00e6nig w\u00e4s      \u00e6r \u00e2cenned\n     \"dyrnra g\u00e2sta.      Hie d\u00fdgel lond\n     \"warigea\u00f0, wulf-hleo\u00f0u,      windige n\u00e4ssas,\n1360 \"fr\u00eacne fen-gel\u00e2d,      \u00fe\u00e6r fyrgen-stre\u00e1m\n     \"under n\u00e4ssa genipu      ni\u00f0er gew\u00eete\u00f0,\n     \"fl\u00f4d under foldan;      nis \u00fe\u00e4t feor heonon\n     \"m\u00eel-gemearces,      \u00fe\u00e4t se mere stande\u00f0,\n     \"ofer \u00fe\u00e4m hongia\u00f0      hr\u00eemge bearwas,\n1365 \"wudu wyrtum f\u00e4st,      w\u00e4ter oferhelma\u00f0.\n     \"\u00de\u00e6r m\u00e4g nihta gehw\u00e6m      n\u00ee\u00f0-wundor se\u00f3n,\n     \"f\u00fdr on fl\u00f4de;      n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s fr\u00f4d leofa\u00f0\n     \"gumena bearna,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feone grund wite;\n     \"\u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee h\u00e6\u00f0-stapa      hundum geswenced,\n1370 \"heorot hornum trum      holt-wudu s\u00eace,\n     \"feorran gefl\u00fdmed,      \u00e6r he feorh sele\u00f0,\n     \"aldor on \u00f4fre,      \u00e6r he in wille,\n     \"hafelan h\u00fddan.      Nis \u00fe\u00e4t he\u00f3ru st\u00f4w:\n     \"\u00feonon \u00fd\u00f0-geblond      up \u00e2st\u00eege\u00f0\n1375 \"won t\u00f4 wolcnum,      \u00feonne wind styre\u00f0\n     \"l\u00e2\u00f0 gewidru,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t lyft drysma\u00f0,\n     \"roderas re\u00f3ta\u00f0.      Nu is r\u00e6d gelang\n     \"eft \u00e4t \u00fee \u00e2num!      Eard git ne const,\n     \"fr\u00eacne st\u00f4we,      \u00fe\u00e6r \u00feu findan miht\n1380 \"sinnigne secg:      s\u00eac gif \u00feu dyrre!\n     \"Ic \u00fee \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e      fe\u00f3 le\u00e1nige,\n     \"eald-gestre\u00f3num,      sw\u00e2 ic \u00e6r dyde,\n     \"wundnum golde,      gyf \u00feu on weg cymest.\"\n\n\nXXII. BE\u00d3WULF SEEKS THE MONSTER IN THE HAUNTS OF THE NIXIES.\n\n     Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      bearn Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes:\n1385 \"Ne sorga, snotor guma!      s\u00ealre bi\u00f0 \u00e6ghw\u00e6m,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t he his fre\u00f3nd wrece,      \u00feonne he fela murne;\n     \"\u00fbre \u00e6ghwylc sceal      ende geb\u00eedan\n     \"worolde l\u00eefes;      wyrce se \u00fee m\u00f4te\n     \"d\u00f4mes \u00e6r de\u00e1\u00f0e!      \u00fe\u00e4t bi\u00f0 driht-guman\n1390 \"unlifgendum      \u00e4fter s\u00ealest.\n     \"\u00c2r\u00ees, r\u00eeces weard;      uton hra\u00f0e f\u00earan,\n     \"Grendles m\u00e2gan      gang sce\u00e1wigan!\n     \"Ic hit \u00fee geh\u00e2te:      n\u00f4 he on helm losa\u00f0,\n     \"ne on foldan f\u00e4\u00f0m,      ne on fyrgen-holt,\n1395 \"ne on gyfenes grund,      g\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r he wille.\n     \"\u00deys d\u00f4gor \u00feu      ge\u00feyld hafa\n     \"we\u00e1na gehwylces,      sw\u00e2 ic \u00fee w\u00eane t\u00f4!\"\n     \u00c2hle\u00f3p \u00fe\u00e2 se gomela,      gode \u00feancode,\n     mihtigan drihtne,      \u00fe\u00e4s se man gespr\u00e4c.\n1400 \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re      hors geb\u00e6ted,\n     wicg wunden-feax.      W\u00eesa fengel\n     geatol\u00eec gengde;      gum-f\u00ea\u00f0a st\u00f4p\n     lind-h\u00e4bbendra.      L\u00e2stas w\u00e6ron\n     \u00e4fter wald-swa\u00f0um      w\u00eede ges\u00fdne,\n1405 gang ofer grundas;      gegnum f\u00f4r \u00fe\u00e2\n     ofer myrcan m\u00f4r,      mago-\u00feegna b\u00e4r\n     \u00feone s\u00ealestan      s\u00e2wol-le\u00e1sne,\n     \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee mid Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re      h\u00e2m eahtode.\n     Ofer-eode \u00fe\u00e2      \u00e4\u00f0elinga bearn\n1410 ste\u00e1p st\u00e2n-hli\u00f0o,      st\u00eege nearwe,\n     enge \u00e2n-pa\u00f0as,      un-c\u00fb\u00f0 gel\u00e2d,\n     neowle n\u00e4ssas,      nicor-h\u00fbsa fela;\n     he fe\u00e1ra sum      beforan gengde\n     w\u00eesra monna,      wong sce\u00e1wian,\n1415 \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t he f\u00e6ringa      fyrgen-be\u00e1mas\n     ofer h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n      hleonian funde,\n     wyn-le\u00e1sne wudu;      w\u00e4ter under st\u00f4d\n     dre\u00f3rig and gedr\u00eafed.      Denum eallum w\u00e4s,\n     winum Scyldinga,      weorce on m\u00f4de,\n1420 t\u00f4 ge\u00feolianne      \u00feegne monegum,\n     onc\u00fd\u00f0 eorla gehw\u00e6m,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00c4sc-heres\n     on \u00feam holm-clife      hafelan m\u00eatton.\n     Fl\u00f4d bl\u00f4de we\u00f3l      (folc t\u00f4 s\u00e6gon)\n     h\u00e2tan heolfre.      Horn stundum song\n1425 f\u00fbsl\u00eec fyrd-le\u00f3\u00f0.      F\u00ea\u00f0a eal ges\u00e4t;\n     ges\u00e2won \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4fter w\u00e4tere      wyrm-cynnes fela,\n     sell\u00eece s\u00e6-dracan      sund cunnian,\n     swylce on n\u00e4s-hleo\u00f0um      nicras licgean,\n     \u00fe\u00e2 on undern-m\u00e6l      oft bewitiga\u00f0\n1430 sorh-fulne s\u00ee\u00f0      on segl-r\u00e2de,\n     wyrmas and wil-de\u00f3r;      hie on weg hruron\n     bitere and gebolgne,      bearhtm onge\u00e2ton,\n     g\u00fb\u00f0-horn galan.      Sumne Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d\n     of fl\u00e2n-bogan      feores getw\u00e6fde,\n1435 \u00fd\u00f0-gewinnes,      \u00fe\u00e4t him on aldre st\u00f4d\n     here-str\u00e6l hearda;      he on holme w\u00e4s\n     sundes \u00fee s\u00e6nra,      \u00fee hyne swylt fornam.\n     Hr\u00e4\u00f0e wear\u00f0 on \u00fd\u00f0um      mid eofer-spre\u00f3tum\n     heoro-h\u00f4cyhtum      hearde genearwod,\n1440 n\u00ee\u00f0a gen\u00e6ged      and on n\u00e4s togen\n     wundorl\u00eec w\u00e6g-bora;      weras sce\u00e1wedon\n     gryrel\u00eecne gist.      Gyrede hine Be\u00f3wulf\n     eorl-gew\u00e6dum,      nalles for ealdre mearn:\n     scolde here-byrne      hondum gebroden,\n1445 s\u00eed and searo-f\u00e2h,      sund cunnian,\n     se\u00f3 \u00fee b\u00e2n-c\u00f4fan      beorgan c\u00fb\u00f0e,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t him hilde-gr\u00e2p      hre\u00f0re ne mihte,\n     eorres inwit-feng,      aldre gesce\u00f0\u00f0an;\n     ac se hw\u00eeta helm      hafelan werede,\n1450 se \u00fee mere-grundas      mengan scolde,\n     s\u00eacan sund-gebland      since geweor\u00f0ad,\n     befongen fre\u00e1-wr\u00e2snum,      sw\u00e2 hine fyrn-dagum\n     worhte w\u00e6pna smi\u00f0,      wundrum te\u00f3de,\n     besette sw\u00een-l\u00eecum,      \u00fe\u00e4t hine sy\u00f0\u00f0an n\u00f4\n1455 brond ne beado-m\u00eacas      b\u00eetan ne meahton.\n     N\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feonne m\u00e6tost      m\u00e4gen-fultuma,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t him on \u00feearfe l\u00e2h      \u00feyle Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res;\n     w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4m h\u00e4ft-m\u00eace      Hrunting nama,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s \u00e2n foran      eald-gestre\u00f3na;\n1460 ecg w\u00e4s \u00eeren      \u00e2ter-te\u00e1rum f\u00e2h,\n     \u00e2hyrded hea\u00f0o-sw\u00e2te;      n\u00e6fre hit \u00e4t hilde ne sw\u00e2c\n     manna \u00e6ngum      \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee hit mid mundum bewand,\n     se \u00fee gryre-s\u00ee\u00f0as      geg\u00e2n dorste,\n     folc-stede f\u00e2ra;      n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t forma s\u00ee\u00f0,\n1465 \u00fe\u00e4t hit ellen-weorc      \u00e4fnan scolde.\n     H\u00fbru ne gemunde      mago Ecgl\u00e2fes\n     eafo\u00f0es cr\u00e4ftig,      \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00e6r gespr\u00e4c\n     w\u00eene druncen,      \u00fe\u00e2 he \u00fe\u00e4s w\u00e6pnes onl\u00e2h\n     s\u00ealran sweord-frecan:      selfa ne dorste\n1470 under \u00fd\u00f0a gewin      aldre gen\u00ea\u00f0an,\n     driht-scype dre\u00f3gan;      \u00fe\u00e6r he d\u00f4me forle\u00e1s,\n     ellen-m\u00e6r\u00f0um.      Ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4m \u00f4\u00f0rum sw\u00e2,\n     sy\u00f0\u00f0an he hine t\u00f4 g\u00fb\u00f0e      gegyred h\u00e4fde.\n\n\nXXIII. THE BATTLE WITH THE WATER-DRAKE.\n\n     Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      bearn Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes:\n1475 \"ge\u00feenc nu, se m\u00e6ra      maga Healfdenes,\n     \"snottra fengel,      nu ic eom s\u00ee\u00f0es f\u00fbs,\n     \"gold-wine gumena,      hw\u00e4t wit ge\u00f3 spr\u00e6con,\n     \"gif ic \u00e4t \u00feearfe      \u00fe\u00eenre scolde\n     \"aldre linnan,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu me \u00e2 w\u00e6re\n1480 \"for\u00f0-gewitenum      on f\u00e4der st\u00e4le;\n     \"wes \u00feu mund-bora m\u00eenum      mago-\u00feegnum,\n     \"hond-gesellum,      gif mec hild nime:\n     \"swylce \u00feu \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e2dmas,      \u00fee \u00feu me sealdest,\n     \"Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r le\u00f3fa,      Higel\u00e2ce onsend.\n1485 \"M\u00e4g \u00feonne on \u00fe\u00e4m golde ongitan      Ge\u00e1ta dryhten,\n     \"gese\u00f3n sunu Hr\u00ea\u00f0les,      \u00feonne he on \u00fe\u00e4t sinc stara\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic gum-cystum      g\u00f4dne funde\n     \"be\u00e1ga bryttan,      bre\u00e1c \u00feonne m\u00f4ste.\n     \"And \u00feu \u00dbnfer\u00f0 l\u00e6t      ealde l\u00e2fe,\n1490 \"wr\u00e4tl\u00eec w\u00e6g-sweord      w\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0ne man\n     \"heard-ecg habban;      ic me mid Hruntinge\n     \"d\u00f4m gewyrce,      o\u00f0\u00f0e mec de\u00e1\u00f0 nime\u00f0.\"\n     \u00c4fter \u00fe\u00e6m wordum      Weder-Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d\n     \u00eafste mid elne,      nalas andsware\n1495 b\u00eedan wolde;      brim-wylm onf\u00eang\n     hilde-rince.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s hw\u00eel d\u00e4ges,\n     \u00e6r he \u00feone grund-wong      ongytan mehte.\n     S\u00f4na \u00fe\u00e4t onfunde,      se \u00fee fl\u00f4da begong\n     heoro-g\u00eefre behe\u00f3ld      hund missera,\n1500 grim and gr\u00e6dig,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6r gumena sum\n     \u00e4l-wihta eard      ufan cunnode.\n     Gr\u00e2p \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes,      g\u00fb\u00f0-rinc gef\u00eang\n     atolan clommum;      n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r in gesc\u00f4d\n     h\u00e2lan l\u00eece:      hring \u00fbtan ymb-bearh,\n1505 \u00fe\u00e4t he\u00f3 \u00feone fyrd-hom      \u00feurh-f\u00f4n ne mihte,\n     locene leo\u00f0o-syrcan      l\u00e2\u00f0an fingrum.\n     B\u00e4r \u00fe\u00e2 se\u00f3 brim-wylf,      \u00fe\u00e2 he\u00f3 t\u00f4 botme com,\n     hringa \u00feengel      t\u00f4 hofe s\u00eenum,\n     sw\u00e2 he ne mihte n\u00f4      (he \u00fe\u00e4s m\u00f4dig w\u00e4s)\n1510 w\u00e6pna gewealdan,      ac hine wundra \u00fe\u00e4s fela\n     swencte on sunde,      s\u00e6-de\u00f3r monig\n     hilde-tuxum      here-syrcan br\u00e4c,\n     \u00eahton agl\u00e6can.      \u00de\u00e2 se eorl ongeat,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he in ni\u00f0-sele      n\u00e2t-hwylcum w\u00e4s,\n1515 \u00fe\u00e6r him n\u00e6nig w\u00e4ter      wihte ne sce\u00f0ede,\n     ne him for hr\u00f4f-sele      hr\u00eenan ne mehte\n     f\u00e6r-gripe fl\u00f4des:      f\u00fdr-le\u00f3ht geseah,\n     bl\u00e2cne le\u00f3man      beorhte sc\u00eenan.\n     Ongeat \u00fe\u00e2 se g\u00f4da      grund-wyrgenne,\n1520 mere-w\u00eef mihtig;      m\u00e4gen-r\u00e6s forgeaf\n     hilde-bille,      hond swenge ne ofte\u00e1h,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hire on hafelan      hring-m\u00e6l \u00e2g\u00f4l\n     gr\u00e6dig g\u00fb\u00f0-le\u00f3\u00f0.      \u00de\u00e2 se gist onfand,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t se beado-le\u00f3ma      b\u00eetan nolde,\n1525 aldre sce\u00f0\u00f0an,      ac se\u00f3 ecg gesw\u00e2c\n     \u00fee\u00f3dne \u00e4t \u00feearfe:      \u00feolode \u00e6r fela\n     hond-gem\u00f4ta,      helm oft gesc\u00e4r,\n     f\u00e6ges fyrd-hr\u00e4gl:      \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s forma s\u00ee\u00f0\n     de\u00f3rum m\u00e2\u00f0me,      \u00fe\u00e4t his d\u00f4m \u00e2l\u00e4g.\n1530 Eft w\u00e4s \u00e2n-r\u00e6d,      nalas elnes l\u00e4t,\n     m\u00e6r\u00f0a gemyndig      m\u00e6g Hygel\u00e2ces;\n     wearp \u00fe\u00e2 wunden-m\u00e6l      wr\u00e4ttum gebunden\n     yrre oretta,      \u00fe\u00e4t hit on eor\u00f0an l\u00e4g,\n     st\u00ee\u00f0 and st\u00fdl-ecg;      strenge getr\u00fbwode,\n1535 mund-gripe m\u00e4genes.      Sw\u00e2 sceal man d\u00f4n,\n     \u00feonne he \u00e4t g\u00fb\u00f0e      geg\u00e2n \u00feence\u00f0\n     longsumne lof,      n\u00e2 ymb his l\u00eef ceara\u00f0.\n     Gef\u00eang \u00fe\u00e2 be eaxle      (nalas for f\u00e6h\u00f0e mearn)\n     G\u00fb\u00f0-Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d      Grendles m\u00f4dor;\n1540 br\u00e4gd \u00fe\u00e2 beadwe heard,      \u00fe\u00e2 he gebolgen w\u00e4s,\n     feorh-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan,      \u00fe\u00e4t he\u00f3 on flet gebe\u00e1h.\n     He\u00f3 him eft hra\u00f0e      and-le\u00e1n forgeald\n     grimman gr\u00e2pum      and him t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes f\u00eang;\n     oferwearp \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00earig-m\u00f4d      w\u00eegena strengest,\n1545 f\u00ea\u00f0e-cempa,      \u00fe\u00e4t he on fylle wear\u00f0.\n     Ofs\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 \u00feone sele-gyst      and hyre seaxe gete\u00e1h,\n     br\u00e2d and br\u00fbn-ecg      wolde hire bearn wrecan,\n     \u00e2ngan eaferan.      Him on eaxle l\u00e4g\n     bre\u00f3st-net broden;      \u00fe\u00e4t gebearh feore,\n1550 wi\u00f0 ord and wi\u00f0 ecge      ingang forst\u00f4d.\n     H\u00e4fde \u00fe\u00e2 fors\u00ee\u00f0od      sunu Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes\n     under gynne grund,      Ge\u00e1ta cempa,\n     nemne him hea\u00f0o-byrne      helpe gefremede,\n     here-net hearde,      and h\u00e2lig god\n1555 gewe\u00f3ld w\u00eeg-sigor,      witig drihten;\n     rodera r\u00e6dend      hit on ryht gesc\u00ead,\n     \u00fd\u00f0el\u00eece      sy\u00f0\u00f0an he eft \u00e2st\u00f4d.\n\n\nXXIV. BE\u00d3WULF SLAYS THE SPRITE.\n\n     Geseah \u00fe\u00e2 on searwum      sige-e\u00e1dig bil,\n     eald sweord eotenisc      ecgum \u00feyhtig,\n1560 w\u00eegena weor\u00f0-mynd:      \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s w\u00e6pna cyst,\n     b\u00fbton hit w\u00e4s m\u00e2re      \u00feonne \u00e6nig mon \u00f4\u00f0er\n     t\u00f4 beadu-l\u00e2ce      \u00e4tberan meahte\n     g\u00f4d and geatol\u00eec      giganta geweorc.\n     He gef\u00eang \u00fe\u00e2 fetel-hilt,      freca Scildinga,\n1565 hre\u00f3h and heoro-grim      hring-m\u00e6l gebr\u00e4gd,\n     aldres orw\u00eana,      yrringa sl\u00f4h,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hire wi\u00f0 halse      heard gr\u00e2pode,\n     b\u00e2n-hringas br\u00e4c,      bil eal \u00feurh-w\u00f4d\n     f\u00e6gne fl\u00e6sc-homan,      he\u00f3 on flet gecrong;\n1570 sweord w\u00e4s sw\u00e2tig,      secg weorce gefeh.\n     Lixte se le\u00f3ma,      le\u00f3ht inne st\u00f4d,\n     efne sw\u00e2 of hefene      h\u00e2dre sc\u00eene\u00f0\n     rodores candel.      He \u00e4fter recede wl\u00e2t,\n     hwearf \u00fe\u00e2 be wealle,      w\u00e6pen hafenade\n1575 heard be hiltum      Higel\u00e2ces \u00feegn,\n     yrre and \u00e2n-r\u00e6d.      N\u00e4s se\u00f3 ecg fracod\n     hilde-rince,      ac he hra\u00f0e wolde\n     Grendle forgyldan      g\u00fb\u00f0-r\u00e6sa fela\n     \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee he geworhte      t\u00f4 West-Denum\n1580 oftor micle      \u00feonne on \u00e6nne s\u00ee\u00f0,\n     \u00feonne he Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res      heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tas\n     sl\u00f4h on sweofote,      sl\u00e6pende fr\u00e4t\n     folces Denigea      f\u00fdf-tyne men\n     and \u00f4\u00f0er swylc      \u00fbt of-ferede,\n1585 l\u00e2\u00f0l\u00eecu l\u00e2c.      He him \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00e1n forgeald,\n     r\u00ea\u00f0e cempa,      t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee he on r\u00e4ste geseah\n     g\u00fb\u00f0-w\u00earigne      Grendel licgan,\n     aldor-le\u00e1sne,      sw\u00e2 him \u00e6r gesc\u00f4d\n     hild \u00e4t Heorote;      hr\u00e2 w\u00eede sprong,\n1590 sy\u00f0\u00f0an he \u00e4fter de\u00e1\u00f0e      drepe \u00ferowade,\n     heoro-sweng heardne,      and hine \u00fe\u00e2 he\u00e1fde becearf,\n     S\u00f4na \u00fe\u00e4t ges\u00e2won      snottre ceorlas,\n     \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fee mid Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re      on holm wliton,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s \u00fd\u00f0-geblond      eal gemenged,\n1595 brim bl\u00f4de f\u00e2h:      blonden-feaxe\n     gomele ymb g\u00f4dne      ongeador spr\u00e6con,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hig \u00fe\u00e4s \u00e4\u00f0elinges      eft ne w\u00eandon,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he sige-hr\u00ea\u00f0ig      s\u00eacean c\u00f4me\n     m\u00e6rne \u00fee\u00f3den;      \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4s monige gewear\u00f0,\n1600 \u00fe\u00e4t hine se\u00f3 brim-wylf      \u00e2broten h\u00e4fde.\n     \u00de\u00e2 com n\u00f4n d\u00e4ges.      N\u00e4s ofge\u00e2fon\n     hwate Scyldingas; gew\u00e2t him h\u00e2m \u00feonon\n     gold-wine gumena.      Gistas s\u00eatan,\n     m\u00f4des se\u00f3ce,      and on mere staredon,\n1605 wiston and ne w\u00eandon,      \u00fe\u00e4t hie heora wine-drihten\n     selfne ges\u00e2won.      \u00de\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t sweord ongan\n     \u00e4fter hea\u00f0o-sw\u00e2te      hilde-gicelum\n     w\u00eeg-bil wanian;      \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s wundra sum,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hit eal gemealt      \u00eese gel\u00eecost,\n1610 \u00feonne forstes bend      f\u00e4der onl\u00e6te\u00f0,\n     onwinde\u00f0 w\u00e4l-r\u00e2pas,      se \u00fee geweald hafa\u00f0\n     s\u00e6la and m\u00e6la;      \u00fe\u00e4t is s\u00f4\u00f0 metod.\n     Ne nom he in \u00fe\u00e6m w\u00eecum,      Weder-Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d,\n     m\u00e2\u00f0m-\u00e6hta m\u00e2,      \u00fe\u00eah he \u00fe\u00e6r monige geseah,\n1615 b\u00fbton \u00feone hafelan      and \u00fe\u00e2 hilt somod,\n     since f\u00e2ge;      sweord \u00e6r gemealt,\n     forbarn broden m\u00e6l:      w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t bl\u00f4d t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s h\u00e2t,\n     \u00e6ttren ellor-g\u00e6st,      se \u00fe\u00e6r inne swealt.\n     S\u00f4na w\u00e4s on sunde,      se \u00fee \u00e6r \u00e4t s\u00e4cce geb\u00e2d\n1620 w\u00eeg-hryre wr\u00e2\u00f0ra,      w\u00e4ter up \u00feurh-de\u00e1f;\n     w\u00e6ron \u00fd\u00f0-gebland      eal gef\u00e6lsod,\n     e\u00e1cne eardas,      \u00fe\u00e2 se ellor-g\u00e2st\n     ofl\u00eat l\u00eef-dagas      and \u00fe\u00e2s l\u00e6nan gesceaft.\n     Com \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 lande      lid-manna helm\n1625 sw\u00ee\u00f0-m\u00f4d swymman,      s\u00e6-l\u00e2ce gefeah,\n     m\u00e4gen-byr\u00f0enne      \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee he him mid h\u00e4fde.\n     Eodon him \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes,      gode \u00feancodon,\n     \u00fery\u00f0l\u00eec \u00feegna he\u00e1p,      \u00fee\u00f3dnes gef\u00eagon,\n     \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee hi hyne gesundne      gese\u00f3n m\u00f4ston.\n1630 \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s of \u00fe\u00e4m hr\u00f4ran      helm and byrne\n     lungre \u00e2l\u00fdsed:      lagu drusade,\n     w\u00e4ter under wolcnum,      w\u00e4l-dre\u00f3re f\u00e2g.\n     F\u00eardon for\u00f0 \u00feonon      f\u00ea\u00f0e-l\u00e2stum\n     ferh\u00f0um f\u00e4gne,      fold-weg m\u00e6ton,\n1635 c\u00fb\u00f0e str\u00e6te;      cyning-balde men\n     from \u00fe\u00e4m holm-clife      hafelan b\u00e6ron\n     earfo\u00f0l\u00eece      heora \u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0rum\n     fela-m\u00f4digra:      fe\u00f3wer scoldon\n     on \u00f0\u00e4m w\u00e4l-stenge      weorcum geferian\n1640 t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4m gold-sele      Grendles he\u00e1fod,\n     \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t semninga      t\u00f4 sele c\u00f4mon\n     frome fyrd-hwate      fe\u00f3wer-tyne\n     Ge\u00e1ta gongan;      gum-dryhten mid\n     m\u00f4dig on gemonge      meodo-wongas tr\u00e4d.\n1645 \u00de\u00e2 com in g\u00e2n      ealdor \u00feegna,\n     d\u00e6d-c\u00eane mon      d\u00f4me gewur\u00f0ad,\n     h\u00e4le hilde-de\u00f3r.      Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r gr\u00eatan:\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s be feaxe      on flet boren\n     Grendles he\u00e1fod,      \u00fe\u00e6r guman druncon,\n1650 egesl\u00eec for eorlum      and \u00fe\u00e6re idese mid:\n     wlite-se\u00f3n wr\u00e4tl\u00eec      weras ons\u00e2won.\n\n\nXXV. HROTHGAR'S GRATITUDE: HE DISCOURSES.\n\n     Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      bearn Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes:\n     \"Hw\u00e4t! we \u00fee \u00fe\u00e2s s\u00e6-l\u00e2c,      sunu Healfdenes,\n     \"le\u00f3d Scyldinga,      lustum br\u00f4hton,\n1655 \"t\u00eeres t\u00f4 t\u00e2cne,      \u00fee \u00feu her t\u00f4 l\u00f4cast.\n     \"Ic \u00fe\u00e4t uns\u00f4fte      ealdre ged\u00eegde:\n     \"w\u00eege under w\u00e4tere      weorc gen\u00ea\u00f0de\n     \"earfo\u00f0l\u00eece,      \u00e4t-rihte w\u00e4s\n     \"g\u00fb\u00f0 getw\u00e6fed,      nym\u00f0e mec god scylde.\n1660 \"Ne meahte ic \u00e4t hilde      mid Hruntinge\n     \"wiht gewyrcan,      \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e6pen duge,\n     \"ac me ge\u00fb\u00f0e      ylda waldend,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic on wage geseah      wlitig hangian\n     \"eald sweord e\u00e1cen      (oftost w\u00eesode\n1665 \"winigea le\u00e1sum)      \u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00fe\u00fd w\u00e6pne gebr\u00e4d.\n     \"Ofsl\u00f4h \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6re s\u00e4cce      (\u00fe\u00e2 me s\u00e6l \u00e2geald)\n     \"h\u00fbses hyrdas.      \u00de\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t hilde-bil\n     \"forbarn, brogden m\u00e6l,      sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t bl\u00f4d gesprang,\n     \"h\u00e2tost hea\u00f0o-sw\u00e2ta:      ic \u00fe\u00e4t hilt \u00feanan\n1670 \"fe\u00f3ndum \u00e4tferede;      fyren-d\u00e6da wr\u00e4c,\n     \"de\u00e1\u00f0-cwealm Denigea,      sw\u00e2 hit ged\u00eafe w\u00e4s.\n     \"Ic hit \u00fee \u00feonne geh\u00e2te,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu on Heorote m\u00f4st\n     \"sorh-le\u00e1s swefan      mid \u00fe\u00eenra secga gedryht,\n     \"and \u00feegna gehwylc      \u00fe\u00eenra le\u00f3da,\n1675 \"dugu\u00f0e and iogo\u00f0e,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu him ondr\u00e6dan ne \u00feearft,\n     \"\u00fee\u00f3den Scyldinga,      on \u00fe\u00e2 healfe,\n     \"aldor-bealu eorlum,      sw\u00e2 \u00feu \u00e6r dydest.\"\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s gylden hilt      gamelum rince.\n     h\u00e2rum hild-fruman,      on hand gyfen,\n1680 enta \u00e6r-geweorc,      hit on \u00e6ht gehwearf\n     \u00e4fter de\u00f3fla hryre      Denigea fre\u00e1n,\n     wundor-smi\u00f0a geweorc,      and \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e2s worold ofgeaf\n     grom-heort guma,      godes andsaca,\n     mor\u00f0res scyldig,      and his m\u00f4dor e\u00e1c;\n1685 on geweald gehwearf      worold-cyninga\n     \u00fe\u00e4m s\u00ealestan      be s\u00e6m twe\u00f3num\n     \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee on Sceden-igge      sceattas d\u00e6lde.\n     Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r ma\u00f0elode,      hylt sce\u00e1wode,\n     ealde l\u00e2fe,      on \u00fe\u00e4m w\u00e4s \u00f4r writen\n1690 fyrn-gewinnes:      sy\u00f0\u00f0an fl\u00f4d ofsl\u00f4h,\n     gifen ge\u00f3tende,      giganta cyn,\n     fr\u00eacne gef\u00eardon:      \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s fremde \u00fee\u00f3d\n     \u00eacean dryhtne,      him \u00fe\u00e4s ende-le\u00e1n\n     \u00feurh w\u00e4teres wylm      waldend sealde.\n1695 Sw\u00e2 w\u00e4s on \u00fe\u00e6m scennum      sc\u00eeran goldes\n     \u00feurh r\u00fbn-stafas      rihte gemearcod,\n     geseted and ges\u00e6d,      hw\u00e2m \u00fe\u00e4t sweord geworht,\n     \u00eerena cyst      \u00e6rest w\u00e6re,\n     wreo\u00f0en-hilt and wyrm-f\u00e2h.      \u00de\u00e2 se w\u00eesa spr\u00e4c\n1700 sunu Healfdenes      (sw\u00eegedon ealle):\n     \"\u00de\u00e4t l\u00e2 m\u00e4g secgan,      se \u00fee s\u00f4\u00f0 and riht\n     \"freme\u00f0 on folce,      (feor eal gemon\n     \"eald \u00ea\u00f0el-weard),      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fees eorl w\u00e6re\n     \"geboren betera!      Bl\u00e6d is \u00e2r\u00e6red\n1705 \"geond w\u00eed-wegas,      wine m\u00een Be\u00f3wulf,\n     \"\u00fe\u00een ofer \u00fee\u00f3da gehwylce.      Eal \u00feu hit ge\u00feyldum healdest,\n     \"m\u00e4gen mid m\u00f4des snyttrum.      Ic \u00fee sceal m\u00eene gel\u00e6stan\n     \"fre\u00f3de, sw\u00e2 wit fur\u00f0um spr\u00e6con;      \u00feu scealt t\u00f4 fr\u00f4fre weor\u00f0an\n     \"eal lang-twidig      le\u00f3dum \u00fe\u00eenum,\n1710 \"h\u00e4le\u00f0um t\u00f4 helpe.      Ne wear\u00f0 Herem\u00f4d sw\u00e2\n     \"eaforum Ecgwelan,      \u00c2r-Scyldingum;\n     \"ne gewe\u00f4x he him t\u00f4 willan,      ac t\u00f4 w\u00e4l-fealle\n     \"and t\u00f4 de\u00e1\u00f0-cwalum      Deniga le\u00f3dum;\n     \"bre\u00e1t bolgen-m\u00f4d      be\u00f3d-gene\u00e1tas,\n1715 \"eaxl-gesteallan,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00e2na hwearf,\n     \"m\u00e6re \u00fee\u00f3den.      mon-dre\u00e1mum from:\n     \"\u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee hine mihtig god      m\u00e4genes wynnum,\n     \"eafe\u00f0um st\u00eapte,      ofer ealle men\n     \"for\u00f0 gefremede,      hw\u00e4\u00f0ere him on ferh\u00f0e gre\u00f3w\n1720 \"bre\u00f3st-hord bl\u00f4d-re\u00f3w:      nallas be\u00e1gas geaf\n     \"Denum \u00e4fter d\u00f4me;      dre\u00e1m-le\u00e1s geb\u00e2d,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t he \u00fe\u00e4s gewinnes      weorc \u00ferowade,\n     \"le\u00f3d-bealo longsum.      \u00deu \u00fee l\u00e6r be \u00feon,\n     \"gum-cyste ongit!      ic \u00feis gid be \u00fee\n1725 \"\u00e2wr\u00e4c wintrum fr\u00f4d.      Wundor is t\u00f4 secganne,\n     \"h\u00fb mihtig god      manna cynne\n     \"\u00feurh s\u00eedne sefan      snyttru brytta\u00f0,\n     \"eard and eorl-scipe,      he \u00e2h ealra geweald.\n     \"Hw\u00eelum he on lufan      l\u00e6te\u00f0 hworfan\n1730 \"monnes m\u00f4d-ge\u00feonc      m\u00e6ran cynnes,\n     \"sele\u00f0 him on \u00ea\u00f0le      eor\u00f0an wynne,\n     \"t\u00f4 healdanne      hle\u00f3-burh wera,\n     \"ged\u00ea\u00f0 him sw\u00e2 gewealdene      worolde d\u00e6las,\n     \"s\u00eede r\u00eece,      \u00fe\u00e4t he his selfa ne m\u00e4g\n1735 \"for his un-snyttrum      ende ge\u00feencean;\n     \"wuna\u00f0 he on wiste,      n\u00f4 hine wiht dwele\u00f0,\n     \"\u00e2dl ne yldo,      ne him inwit-sorh\n     \"on sefan sweorce\u00f0,      ne gesacu \u00f4hw\u00e6r,\n     \"ecg-hete e\u00f3we\u00f0,      ac him eal worold\n1740 \"wende\u00f0 on willan;      he \u00fe\u00e4t wyrse ne con,\n     \"\u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t him on innan      ofer-hygda d\u00e6l\n     \"weaxe\u00f0 and wrida\u00f0,      \u00feonne se weard swefe\u00f0,\n     \"s\u00e2wele hyrde:      bi\u00f0 se sl\u00e6p t\u00f4 f\u00e4st,\n     \"bisgum gebunden,      bona sw\u00ee\u00f0e ne\u00e1h,\n1745 \"se \u00fee of fl\u00e2n-bogan      fyrenum sce\u00f3te\u00f0.\n\n\nXXVI. THE DISCOURSE IS ENDED.--BE\u00d3WULF PREPARES TO LEAVE.\n\n     \"\u00deonne bi\u00f0 on hre\u00f0re      under helm drepen\n     \"biteran str\u00e6le:      him bebeorgan ne con\n     \"wom wundor-bebodum      wergan g\u00e2stes;\n     \"\u00feince\u00f0 him t\u00f4 lytel,      \u00fe\u00e4t he t\u00f4 lange he\u00f3ld,\n1750 \"g\u00fdtsa\u00f0 grom-hydig,      nallas on gylp sele\u00f0\n     \"f\u00e4tte be\u00e1gas      and he \u00fe\u00e2 for\u00f0-gesceaft\n     \"forgyte\u00f0 and forg\u00fdme\u00f0,      \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee him \u00e6r god sealde\n     \"wuldres waldend,      weor\u00f0-mynda d\u00e6l.\n     \"Hit on ende-st\u00e4f      eft gelimpe\u00f0,\n1755 \"\u00fe\u00e4t se l\u00eec-homa      l\u00e6ne gedre\u00f3se\u00f0,\n     \"f\u00e6ge gefealle\u00f0;      f\u00eah\u00f0 \u00f4\u00f0er t\u00f4,\n     \"se \u00fee unmurnl\u00eece      m\u00e2dmas d\u00e6le\u00f0,\n     \"eorles \u00e6r-gestre\u00f3n,      egesan ne g\u00fdme\u00f0.\n     \"Bebeorh \u00fee \u00feone bealo-n\u00ee\u00f0,      Be\u00f3wulf le\u00f3fa,\n1760 \"secg se betsta,      and \u00fee \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00ealre gece\u00f3s,\n     \"\u00eace r\u00e6das;      oferhyda ne g\u00fdm,\n     \"m\u00e6re cempa!      Nu is \u00fe\u00eenes m\u00e4gnes bl\u00e6d\n     \"\u00e2ne hw\u00eele;      eft s\u00f4na bi\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00feec \u00e2dl o\u00f0\u00f0e ecg      eafo\u00f0es getw\u00e6fe\u00f0,\n1765 \"o\u00f0\u00f0e f\u00fdres feng      o\u00f0\u00f0e fl\u00f4des wylm,\n     \"o\u00f0\u00f0e gripe m\u00eaces      o\u00f0\u00f0e g\u00e2res fliht,\n     \"o\u00f0\u00f0e atol yldo,      o\u00f0\u00f0e e\u00e1gena bearhtm\n     \"forsite\u00f0 and forsworce\u00f0;      semninga bi\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00feec, dryht-guma,      de\u00e1\u00f0 ofersw\u00fd\u00f0e\u00f0.\n1770 \"Sw\u00e2 ic Hring-Dena      hund missera\n     \"we\u00f3ld under wolcnum,      and hig w\u00eege bele\u00e1c\n     \"manigum m\u00e6g\u00f0a      geond \u00feysne middan-geard,\n     \"\u00e4scum and ecgum,      \u00fe\u00e4t ic me \u00e6nigne\n     \"under swegles begong      gesacan ne tealde.\n1775 \"Hw\u00e4t! me \u00fe\u00e4s on \u00ea\u00f0le      edwenden cwom,\n     \"gyrn \u00e4fter gomene,      seo\u00f0\u00f0an Grendel wear\u00f0,\n     \"eald-gewinna,      in-genga m\u00een:\n     \"ic \u00fe\u00e6re s\u00f4cne      singales w\u00e4g\n     \"m\u00f4d-ceare micle.      \u00de\u00e4s sig metode \u00feanc,\n1780 \"\u00eacean drihtne,      \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee ic on aldre geb\u00e2d,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic on \u00feone hafelan      heoro-dre\u00f3rigne\n     \"ofer eald gewin      e\u00e1gum starige!\n     \"G\u00e2 nu t\u00f4 setle,      symbel-wynne dre\u00f3h\n     \"w\u00eegge weor\u00f0ad:      unc sceal worn fela\n1785 \"m\u00e2\u00f0ma gem\u00e6nra,      si\u00f0\u00f0an morgen bi\u00f0.\"\n     Ge\u00e1t w\u00e4s gl\u00e4d-m\u00f4d,      ge\u00f3ng s\u00f4na t\u00f4,\n     setles ne\u00f3san,      sw\u00e2 se snottra h\u00eaht.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s eft sw\u00e2 \u00e6r      ellen-r\u00f4fum,\n     flet-sittendum      f\u00e4gere gereorded\n1790 ni\u00f3wan stefne.      Niht-helm geswearc\n     deorc ofer dryht-gumum.      Dugu\u00f0 eal \u00e2r\u00e2s;\n     wolde blonden-feax      beddes ne\u00f3san,\n     gamela Scylding.      Ge\u00e1t ungemetes wel,\n     r\u00f4fne rand-w\u00eegan      restan lyste:\n1795 s\u00f4na him sele-\u00feegn      s\u00ee\u00f0es w\u00eargum,\n     feorran-cundum      for\u00f0 w\u00eesade,\n     se for andrysnum      ealle beweotede\n     \u00feegnes \u00feearfe,      swylce \u00fe\u00fd d\u00f4gore\n     he\u00e1\u00f0o-l\u00ee\u00f0ende      habban scoldon.\n1800 Reste hine \u00fe\u00e2 r\u00fbm-heort;      reced hlifade\n     ge\u00e1p and gold-f\u00e2h,      g\u00e4st inne sw\u00e4f,\n     \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hrefn blaca      heofones wynne\n     bl\u00ee\u00f0-heort bodode.      \u00de\u00e2 com beorht sunne\n     scacan ofer grundas;      sca\u00f0an onetton,\n1805 w\u00e6ron \u00e4\u00f0elingas      eft t\u00f4 le\u00f3dum\n     f\u00fbse t\u00f4 farenne,      wolde feor \u00feanon\n     cuma collen-ferh\u00f0      ce\u00f3les ne\u00f3san.\n     H\u00eaht \u00fe\u00e2 se hearda      Hrunting beran,\n     sunu Ecgl\u00e2fes,      h\u00eaht his sweord niman,\n1810 le\u00f3fl\u00eec \u00eeren;      s\u00e4gde him \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00e1nes \u00feanc,\n     cw\u00e4\u00f0 he \u00feone g\u00fb\u00f0-wine      g\u00f4dne tealde,\n     w\u00eeg-cr\u00e4ftigne,      nales wordum l\u00f4g\n     m\u00eaces ecge:      \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s m\u00f4dig secg.\n     And \u00fe\u00e2 s\u00ee\u00f0-frome      searwum gearwe\n1815 w\u00eegend w\u00e6ron,      eode weor\u00f0 Denum\n     \u00e4\u00f0eling t\u00f4 yppan,      \u00fe\u00e6r se \u00f4\u00f0er w\u00e4s\n     h\u00e4le hilde-de\u00f3r,      Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r gr\u00eatte.\n\n\nXXVII. THE PARTING WORDS.\n\n     Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      bearn Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes:\n     \"Nu we s\u00e6-l\u00ee\u00f0end      secgan wylla\u00f0\n1820 \"feorran cumene,      \u00fe\u00e4t we fundia\u00f0\n     \"Higel\u00e2c s\u00eacan.      W\u00e6ron her tela\n     \"willum bewenede;      \u00feu \u00fbs wel dohtest.\n     \"Gif ic \u00feonne on eor\u00f0an      \u00f4wihte m\u00e4g\n     \"\u00fe\u00eenre m\u00f4d-lufan      m\u00e2ran tilian,\n1825 \"gumena dryhten,      \u00feonne ic gyt dyde,\n     \"g\u00fb\u00f0-geweorca      ic be\u00f3 gearo s\u00f4na.\n     \"Gif ic \u00fe\u00e4t gefricge      ofer fl\u00f4da begang,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00feec ymbe-sittend      egesan \u00fe\u00fdwa\u00f0,\n     \"sw\u00e2 \u00feec hetende      hw\u00eelum dydon,\n1830 \"ic \u00fee \u00fe\u00fbsenda      \u00feegna bringe,\n     \"h\u00e4le\u00f0a t\u00f4 helpe.      Ic on Higel\u00e2ce w\u00e2t,\n     \"Ge\u00e1ta dryhten,      \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee he geong s\u00fd,\n     \"folces hyrde,      \u00fe\u00e4t he mec fremman wile\n     \"wordum and worcum,      \u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00fee wel herige,\n1835 \"and \u00fee t\u00f4 ge\u00f3ce      g\u00e2r-holt bere\n     \"m\u00e4genes fultum,      \u00fe\u00e6r \u00fee bi\u00f0 manna \u00feearf;\n     \"gif him \u00feonne Hr\u00ea\u00f0r\u00eec      t\u00f4 hofum Ge\u00e1ta\n     \"ge\u00feinge\u00f0, \u00fee\u00f3dnes bearn,      he m\u00e4g \u00fe\u00e6r fela\n     \"fre\u00f3nda findan:      feor-c\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e be\u00f3\u00f0\n1840 \"s\u00ealran ges\u00f4hte      \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee him selfa de\u00e1h.\"\n     Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r ma\u00f0elode      him on andsware:\n     \"\u00dee \u00fe\u00e2 word-cwydas      wittig drihten\n     \"on sefan sende!      ne h\u00fdrde ic snotorl\u00eecor\n     \"on sw\u00e2 geongum feore      guman \u00feingian:\n1845 \"\u00feu eart m\u00e4genes strang      and on m\u00f4de fr\u00f4d,\n     \"w\u00ees word-cwida.      W\u00ean ic talige,\n     \"gif \u00fe\u00e4t gegange\u00f0,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fee g\u00e2r nyme\u00f0,\n     \"hild heoru-grimme      Hr\u00ea\u00f0les eaferan,\n     \"\u00e2dl o\u00f0\u00f0e \u00eeren      ealdor \u00fe\u00eenne,\n1850 \"folces hyrde,      and \u00feu \u00fe\u00een feorh hafast,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00fee S\u00e6-Ge\u00e1tas      s\u00ealran n\u00e4bben\n     \"t\u00f4 gece\u00f3senne      cyning \u00e6nigne,\n     \"hord-weard h\u00e4le\u00f0a,      gif \u00feu healdan wylt\n     \"m\u00e2ga r\u00eece.      Me \u00fe\u00een m\u00f4d-sefa\n1855 \"l\u00eeca\u00f0 leng sw\u00e2 wel,      le\u00f3fa Be\u00f3wulf:\n     \"hafast \u00feu gef\u00eared,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2m folcum sceal,\n     \"Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3dum      and G\u00e2r-Denum\n     \"sib gem\u00e6num      and sacu restan,\n     \"inwit-n\u00ee\u00f0as,      \u00fee hie \u00e6r drugon;\n1860 \"wesan, \u00feenden ic wealde      w\u00eedan r\u00eeces,\n     \"m\u00e2\u00f0mas gem\u00e6ne,      manig \u00f4\u00f0erne\n     \"g\u00f4dum gegr\u00eatan      ofer ganotes b\u00e4\u00f0;\n     \"sceal hring-naca      ofer he\u00e1\u00f0u bringan\n     \"l\u00e2c and luf-t\u00e2cen.      Ic \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00f3de w\u00e2t\n1865 \"ge wi\u00f0 fe\u00f3nd ge wi\u00f0 fre\u00f3nd      f\u00e4ste geworhte\n     \"\u00e6ghw\u00e4s unt\u00e6le      ealde w\u00eesan.\"\n     \u00de\u00e2 git him eorla hle\u00f3      inne gesealde,\n     mago Healfdenes      m\u00e2\u00f0mas twelfe,\n     h\u00eat hine mid \u00fe\u00e6m l\u00e2cum      le\u00f3de sw\u00e6se\n1870 s\u00eacean on gesyntum,      sn\u00fbde eft cuman.\n     Gecyste \u00fe\u00e2      cyning \u00e4\u00f0elum g\u00f4d,\n     \u00fee\u00f3den Scildinga,      \u00feegen betstan\n     and be healse genam;      hruron him te\u00e1ras,\n     blonden-feaxum:      him w\u00e4s bega w\u00ean,\n1875 ealdum infr\u00f4dum,      \u00f4\u00f0res sw\u00ee\u00f0or,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t h\u00ee seo\u00f0\u00f0an      gese\u00f3n m\u00f4ston\n     m\u00f4dige on me\u00f0le.      W\u00e4s him se man t\u00f4 \u00feon le\u00f3f,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feone bre\u00f3st-wylm      forberan ne mehte,\n     ac him on hre\u00f0re      hyge-bendum f\u00e4st\n1880 \u00e4fter de\u00f3rum men      dyrne langa\u00f0\n     beorn wi\u00f0 bl\u00f4de.      Him Be\u00f3wulf \u00feanan,\n     g\u00fb\u00f0-rinc gold-wlanc      gr\u00e4s-moldan tr\u00e4d,\n     since hr\u00eamig:      s\u00e6-genga b\u00e2d\n     \u00e2gend-fre\u00e1n,      se \u00fee on ancre r\u00e2d.\n1885 \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s on gange      gifu Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res\n     oft ge\u00e6hted:      \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s \u00e2n cyning\n     \u00e6ghw\u00e4s orleahtre,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hine yldo benam\n     m\u00e4genes wynnum,      se \u00fee oft manegum sc\u00f4d.\n\n\nXXVIII. BE\u00d3WULF RETURNS TO GEATLAND.--THE QUEENS HYGD AND THRYTHO.\n\n     Cwom \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 fl\u00f4de      fela-m\u00f4digra\n1890 h\u00e4g-stealdra he\u00e1p;      hring-net b\u00e6ron,\n     locene leo\u00f0o-syrcan.      Land-weard onfand\n     eft-s\u00ee\u00f0 eorla,      sw\u00e2 he \u00e6r dyde;\n     n\u00f4 he mid hearme      of hli\u00f0es nosan\n     g\u00e4stas gr\u00eatte,      ac him t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes r\u00e2d;\n1895 cw\u00e4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t wilcuman      Wedera le\u00f3dum\n     scawan sc\u00eer-hame      t\u00f4 scipe f\u00f4ron.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s on sande      s\u00e6-ge\u00e1p naca\n     hladen here-w\u00e6dum,      hringed-stefna\n     mearum and m\u00e2\u00f0mum:      m\u00e4st hlifade\n1900 ofer Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res      hord-gestre\u00f3num.\n     He \u00fe\u00e4m b\u00e2t-wearde      bunden golde\n     swurd gesealde,      \u00fe\u00e4t he sy\u00f0\u00f0an w\u00e4s\n     on meodu-bence      m\u00e2\u00f0me \u00fe\u00fd weor\u00f0ra,\n     yrfe-l\u00e2fe.      Gew\u00e2t him on \u00fd\u00f0-nacan,\n1905 dr\u00eafan de\u00f3p w\u00e4ter,      Dena land ofgeaf.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s be m\u00e4ste      mere-hr\u00e4gla sum,\n     segl s\u00e2le f\u00e4st.      Sund-wudu \u00feunede,\n     n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00eag-flotan      wind ofer \u00fd\u00f0um\n     s\u00ee\u00f0es getw\u00e6fde;      s\u00e6-genga f\u00f4r,\n1910 fle\u00e1t f\u00e2mig-heals      for\u00f0 ofer \u00fd\u00f0e,\n     bunden-stefna      ofer brim-stre\u00e1mas,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hie Ge\u00e1ta clifu      ongitan meahton,\n     c\u00fb\u00f0e n\u00e4ssas.      Ce\u00f3l up ge\u00ferang,\n     lyft-geswenced      on lande st\u00f4d.\n1915 Hra\u00f0e w\u00e4s \u00e4t holme      h\u00fd\u00f0-weard gearo,\n     se \u00fee \u00e6r lange t\u00eed,      le\u00f3fra manna\n     f\u00fbs, \u00e4t faro\u00f0e      feor wl\u00e2tode;\n     s\u00e6lde t\u00f4 sande      s\u00eed-f\u00e4\u00f0me scip\n     oncer-bendum f\u00e4st,      \u00fe\u00fd l\u00e4s hym \u00fd\u00f0a \u00ferym\n1920 wudu wynsuman      forwrecan meahte.\n     H\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 up beran      \u00e4\u00f0elinga gestre\u00f3n,\n     fr\u00e4twe and f\u00e4t-gold;      n\u00e4s him feor \u00feanon\n     t\u00f4 ges\u00eacanne      sinces bryttan:\n     Higel\u00e2c Hr\u00ea\u00f0ling      \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e4t h\u00e2m wuna\u00f0,\n1925 selfa mid ges\u00ee\u00f0um      s\u00e6-wealle ne\u00e1h;\n     bold w\u00e4s betl\u00eec,      brego-r\u00f4f cyning,\n     he\u00e1 on healle,      Hygd sw\u00ee\u00f0e geong,\n     w\u00ees, wel-\u00feungen,      \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee wintra lyt\n     under burh-locan      gebiden h\u00e4bbe\n1930 H\u00e4re\u00f0es d\u00f4htor:      n\u00e4s hi\u00f3 hn\u00e2h sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h,\n     ne t\u00f4 gne\u00e1\u00f0 gifa      Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3dum,\n     m\u00e2\u00f0m-gestre\u00f3na.      Mod \u00dery\u00f0o w\u00e4g,\n     fremu folces cw\u00ean,      firen ondrysne:\n     n\u00e6nig \u00fe\u00e4t dorste      de\u00f3r gen\u00ea\u00f0an\n1935 sw\u00e6sra ges\u00ee\u00f0a,      nefne sin-fre\u00e1,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hire an d\u00e4ges      e\u00e1gum starede;\n     ac him w\u00e4l-bende      weotode tealde,\n     hand-gewri\u00f0ene:      hra\u00f0e seo\u00f0\u00f0an w\u00e4s\n     \u00e4fter mund-gripe      m\u00eace ge\u00feinged,\n1940 \u00fe\u00e4t hit scea\u00f0en-m\u00e6l      scyran m\u00f4ste,\n     cwealm-bealu c\u00fd\u00f0an.      Ne bi\u00f0 swylc cw\u00eanl\u00eec \u00fee\u00e1w\n     idese t\u00f4 efnanne,      \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee hi\u00f3 \u00e6nl\u00eecu s\u00fd,\n     \u00fe\u00e4tte freo\u00f0u-webbe      feores ons\u00e4ce\n     \u00e4fter l\u00eege-torne      le\u00f3fne mannan.\n1945 H\u00fbru \u00fe\u00e4t onh\u00f4hsnode      Heminges m\u00e6g;\n     ealo drincende      \u00f4\u00f0er s\u00e6dan,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hi\u00f3 le\u00f3d-bealewa      l\u00e4s gefremede,\n     inwit-n\u00ee\u00f0a,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e6rest wear\u00f0\n     gyfen gold-hroden      geongum cempan,\n1950 \u00e4\u00f0elum di\u00f3re,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an hi\u00f3 Offan flet\n     ofer fealone fl\u00f4d      be f\u00e4der l\u00e2re\n     s\u00ee\u00f0e ges\u00f4hte,      \u00fe\u00e6r hi\u00f3 sy\u00f0\u00f0an wel\n     in gum-st\u00f4le,      g\u00f4de m\u00e6re,\n     l\u00eef-gesceafta      lifigende bre\u00e1c,\n1955 hi\u00f3ld he\u00e1h-lufan      wi\u00f0 h\u00e4le\u00f0a brego,\n     ealles mon-cynnes      m\u00eene gefr\u00e6ge\n     \u00feone s\u00ealestan      b\u00ee s\u00e6m twe\u00f3num\n     eormen-cynnes;      for\u00feam Offa w\u00e4s\n     geofum and g\u00fb\u00f0um      g\u00e2r-c\u00eane man,\n1960 w\u00eede geweor\u00f0od;      w\u00eesd\u00f4me he\u00f3ld\n     \u00ea\u00f0el s\u00eenne,      \u00feonon E\u00f3m\u00e6r w\u00f4c\n     h\u00e4le\u00f0um t\u00f4 helpe,      Heminges m\u00e6g,\n     nefa G\u00e2rmundes,      n\u00ee\u00f0a cr\u00e4ftig.\n\n\nXXIX. HIS ARRIVAL. HYGELAC'S RECEPTION.\n\n     Gew\u00e2t him \u00fe\u00e2 se hearda      mid his hond-scole\n1965 sylf \u00e4fter sande      s\u00e6-wong tredan,\n     w\u00eede waro\u00f0as.      Woruld-candel sc\u00e2n,\n     sigel s\u00fb\u00f0an f\u00fbs:      h\u00ee s\u00ee\u00f0 drugon,\n     elne geeodon,      t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee eorla hle\u00f3,\n     bonan Ongen\u00fee\u00f3wes      burgum on innan,\n1970 geongne g\u00fb\u00f0-cyning      g\u00f4dne gefrunon\n     hringas d\u00e6lan.      Higel\u00e2ce w\u00e4s\n     s\u00ee\u00f0 Be\u00f3wulfes      sn\u00fbde gec\u00fd\u00f0ed,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6r on wor\u00f0ig      w\u00eegendra hle\u00f3,\n     lind-gestealla      lifigende cwom,\n1975 hea\u00f0o-l\u00e2ces h\u00e2l      t\u00f4 hofe gongan.\n     Hra\u00f0e w\u00e4s ger\u00fdmed,      sw\u00e2 se r\u00eeca bebe\u00e1d,\n     f\u00ea\u00f0e-gestum      flet innan-weard.\n     Ges\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 wi\u00f0 sylfne,      se \u00fe\u00e2 s\u00e4cce gen\u00e4s,\n     m\u00e6g wi\u00f0 m\u00e6ge,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an man-dryhten\n1980 \u00feurh hle\u00f3\u00f0or-cwyde      holdne gegr\u00eatte\n     meaglum wordum.      Meodu-scencum\n     hwearf geond \u00fe\u00e4t reced      H\u00e4re\u00f0es d\u00f4htor:\n     lufode \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00f3de,      l\u00ee\u00f0-w\u00e6ge b\u00e4r\n     h\u00e6lum t\u00f4 handa.      Higel\u00e2c ongan\n1985 s\u00eenne geseldan      in sele \u00feam he\u00e1n\n     f\u00e4gre fricgean,      hyne fyrwet br\u00e4c,\n     hwylce S\u00e6-Ge\u00e1ta      s\u00ee\u00f0as w\u00e6ron:\n     \"H\u00fb lomp e\u00f3w on l\u00e2de,      le\u00f3fa Bi\u00f3wulf,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 \u00feu f\u00e6ringa      feorr gehogodest,\n1990 \"s\u00e4cce s\u00eacean      ofer sealt w\u00e4ter,\n     \"hilde t\u00f4 Hiorote?      Ac \u00feu Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re\n     \"w\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0ne we\u00e1n      wihte geb\u00eattest,\n     \"m\u00e6rum \u00fee\u00f3dne?      Ic \u00fe\u00e4s m\u00f4d-ceare\n     \"sorh-wylmum se\u00e1\u00f0,      s\u00ee\u00f0e ne tr\u00fbwode\n1995 \"le\u00f3fes mannes;      ic \u00fee lange b\u00e4d,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu \u00feone w\u00e4l-g\u00e6st      wihte ne gr\u00eatte,\n     \"l\u00eate S\u00fb\u00f0-Dene      sylfe geweor\u00f0an\n     \"g\u00fb\u00f0e wi\u00f0 Grendel.      Gode ic \u00feanc secge,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee ic \u00fee gesundne      gese\u00f3n m\u00f4ste.\"\n2000 Bi\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      bearn Ecg\u00fei\u00f3wes:\n     \"\u00de\u00e4t is undyrne,      dryhten Higel\u00e2c,\n     \"m\u00e6re gem\u00eating      monegum fira,\n     \"hwylc orleg-hw\u00eel      uncer Grendles\n     \"wear\u00f0 on \u00feam wange,      \u00fe\u00e6r he worna fela\n2005 \"Sige-Scildingum      sorge gefremede,\n     \"yrm\u00f0e t\u00f4 aldre;      ic \u00fe\u00e4t eal gewr\u00e4c,\n     \"sw\u00e2 ne gylpan \u00feearf      Grendeles m\u00e2ga\n     \"\u00e6nig ofer eor\u00f0an      uht-hlem \u00feone,\n     \"se \u00fee lengest leofa\u00f0      l\u00e2\u00f0an cynnes,\n2010 \"fenne bifongen.      Ic \u00fe\u00e6r fur\u00f0um cwom,\n     \"t\u00f4 \u00feam hring-sele      Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r gr\u00eatan:\n     \"s\u00f4na me se m\u00e6ra      mago Healfdenes,\n     \"sy\u00f0\u00f0an he m\u00f4d-sefan      m\u00eenne c\u00fb\u00f0e,\n     \"wi\u00f0 his sylfes sunu      setl get\u00e6hte.\n2015 \"Weorod w\u00e4s on wynne;      ne seah ic w\u00eedan feorh\n     \"under heofenes hwealf      heal-sittendra\n     \"medu-dre\u00e1m m\u00e2ran.      Hw\u00eelum m\u00e6ru cw\u00ean,\n     \"fri\u00f0u-sibb folca      flet eall geond-hwearf,\n     \"b\u00e6dde byre geonge;      oft hi\u00f3 be\u00e1h-wri\u00f0an\n2020 \"secge sealde,      \u00e6r hi\u00f3 t\u00f4 setle ge\u00f3ng.\n     \"Hw\u00eelum for dugu\u00f0e      d\u00f4htor Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res\n     \"eorlum on ende      ealu-w\u00e6ge b\u00e4r,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 ic Fre\u00e1ware      flet-sittende\n     \"nemnan h\u00fdrde,      \u00fe\u00e6r hi\u00f3 n\u00e4gled sinc\n2025 \"h\u00e4le\u00f0um sealde:      si\u00f3 geh\u00e2ten w\u00e4s,\n     \"geong gold-hroden,      gladum suna Fr\u00f4dan;\n     \"hafa\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4s geworden      wine Scyldinga\n     \"r\u00eeces hyrde      and \u00fe\u00e4t r\u00e6d tala\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t he mid \u00fe\u00fd w\u00eefe      w\u00e4l-f\u00e6h\u00f0a d\u00e6l,\n2030 \"s\u00e4cca gesette.      Oft n\u00f4 seldan hw\u00e6r\n     \"\u00e4fter le\u00f3d-hryre      lytle hw\u00eele\n     \"bon-g\u00e2r b\u00fbge\u00f0,      \u00fee\u00e1h se\u00f3 br\u00fdd duge!\n\n\nXXX. BE\u00d3WULF'S STORY OF THE SLAYINGS.\n\n     \"M\u00e4g \u00fe\u00e4s \u00feonne of\u00feyncan      \u00fee\u00f3den Hea\u00f0obeardna\n     \"and \u00feegna gehw\u00e2m      \u00fe\u00e2ra le\u00f3da,\n2035 \"\u00feonne he mid f\u00e6mnan      on flett g\u00e6\u00f0,\n     \"dryht-bearn Dena      dugu\u00f0a biwenede:\n     \"on him gladia\u00f0      gomelra l\u00e2fe\n     \"heard and hring-m\u00e6l,      Hea\u00f0obeardna gestre\u00f3n,\n     \"\u00feenden hie \u00fe\u00e2m w\u00e6pnum      wealdan m\u00f4ston,\n2040 \"\u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hie forl\u00e6ddan      t\u00f4 \u00feam lind-plegan\n     \"sw\u00e6se ges\u00ee\u00f0as      ond hyra sylfra feorh.\n     \"\u00deonne cwi\u00f0 \u00e4t be\u00f3re,      se \u00fee be\u00e1h gesyh\u00f0,\n     \"eald \u00e4sc-w\u00eega,      se \u00fee eall geman\n     \"g\u00e2r-cwealm gumena      (him bi\u00f0 grim sefa),\n2045 \"onginne\u00f0 ge\u00f4mor-m\u00f4d      geongne cempan\n     \"\u00feurh hre\u00f0ra gehygd      higes cunnian,\n     \"w\u00eeg-bealu weccean      and \u00fe\u00e4t word \u00e2cwy\u00f0:\n     \"'Meaht \u00feu, m\u00een wine,      m\u00eace gecn\u00e2wan,\n     \"'\u00feone \u00fein f\u00e4der      t\u00f4 gefeohte b\u00e4r\n2050 \"'under here-gr\u00eeman      hindeman s\u00ee\u00f0e,\n     \"'d\u00fdre \u00eeren,      \u00fe\u00e6r hyne Dene sl\u00f4gon,\n     \"'we\u00f3ldon w\u00e4l-st\u00f4we,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an wi\u00f0er-gyld l\u00e4g,\n     \"'\u00e4fter h\u00e4le\u00f0a hryre,      hwate Scyldungas?\n     \"'Nu her \u00fe\u00e2ra banena      byre n\u00e2t-hwylces,\n2055 \"'fr\u00e4twum hr\u00eamig      on flet g\u00e6\u00f0,\n     \"'mor\u00f0res gylpe\u00f0      and \u00feone m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um byre\u00f0,\n     \"'\u00feone \u00fee \u00feu mid rihte      r\u00e6dan sceoldest!'\"\n     \"Mana\u00f0 sw\u00e2 and myndga\u00f0      m\u00e6la gehwylce\n     \"s\u00e2rum wordum,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00e6l cyme\u00f0,\n2060 \"\u00fe\u00e4t se f\u00e6mnan \u00feegn      fore f\u00e4der d\u00e6dum\n     \"\u00e4fter billes bite      bl\u00f4d-f\u00e2g swefe\u00f0,\n     \"ealdres scyldig;      him se \u00f4\u00f0er \u00feonan\n     \"losa\u00f0 lifigende,      con him land geare.\n     \"\u00deonne bi\u00f3\u00f0 brocene      on b\u00e2 healfe\n2065 \"\u00e2\u00f0-sweord eorla;      sy\u00f0\u00f0an Ingelde\n     \"wealla\u00f0 w\u00e4l-n\u00ee\u00f0as      and him w\u00eef-lufan\n     \"\u00e4fter cear-w\u00e4lmum      c\u00f4lran weor\u00f0a\u00f0.\n     \"\u00de\u00fd ic Hea\u00f0obeardna      hyldo ne telge,\n     \"dryht-sibbe d\u00e6l      Denum unf\u00e6cne,\n2070 \"fre\u00f3nd-scipe f\u00e4stne.      Ic sceal for\u00f0 sprecan\n     \"gen ymbe Grendel,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu geare cunne,\n     \"sinces brytta,      t\u00f4 hwan sy\u00f0\u00f0an wear\u00f0\n     \"hond-r\u00e6s h\u00e4le\u00f0a.      Sy\u00f0\u00f0an heofones gim\n     \"gl\u00e2d ofer grundas,      g\u00e4st yrre cwom,\n2075 \"eatol \u00e6fen-grom,      \u00fbser ne\u00f3san,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e6r we gesunde      s\u00e4l weardodon;\n     \"\u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s Hondsci\u00f3      hild ons\u00e6ge,\n     \"feorh-bealu f\u00e6gum,      he fyrmest l\u00e4g,\n     \"gyrded cempa;      him Grendel wear\u00f0,\n2080 \"m\u00e6rum magu-\u00feegne      t\u00f4 m\u00fb\u00f0-bonan,\n     \"le\u00f3fes mannes      l\u00eec eall forswealg.\n     \"N\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r \u00fbt \u00fe\u00e2 gen      \u00eedel-hende\n     \"bona bl\u00f4dig-t\u00f4\u00f0      bealewa gemyndig,\n     \"of \u00feam gold-sele      gongan wolde,\n2085 \"ac he m\u00e4gnes r\u00f4f      m\u00een costode,\n     \"gr\u00e2pode gearo-folm.      Gl\u00f4f hangode\n     \"s\u00eed and syll\u00eec      searo-bendum f\u00e4st,\n     \"si\u00f3 w\u00e4s or\u00feoncum      eall gegyrwed\n     \"de\u00f3fles cr\u00e4ftum      and dracan fellum:\n2090 \"he mec \u00fe\u00e6r on innan      unsynnigne,\n     \"di\u00f3r d\u00e6d-fruma,      ged\u00f4n wolde,\n     \"manigra sumne:      hyt ne mihte sw\u00e2,\n     \"sy\u00f0\u00f0an ic on yrre      upp-riht \u00e2st\u00f4d.\n     \"T\u00f4 lang ys t\u00f4 reccenne,      h\u00fb ic \u00feam le\u00f3d-scea\u00f0an\n2095 \"yfla gehwylces      ond-le\u00e1n forgeald;\n     \"\u00fe\u00e6r ic, \u00fee\u00f3den m\u00een,      \u00fe\u00eene le\u00f3de\n     \"weor\u00f0ode weorcum.      He on weg losade,\n     \"lytle hw\u00eele      l\u00eef-wynna bre\u00e1c;\n     \"hw\u00e4\u00f0re him si\u00f3 sw\u00ee\u00f0re      swa\u00f0e weardade\n2100 \"hand on Hiorte      and he he\u00e1n \u00feonan,\n     \"m\u00f4des ge\u00f4mor      mere-grund gefe\u00f3ll.\n     \"Me \u00feone w\u00e4l-r\u00e6s      wine Scildunga\n     \"f\u00e4ttan golde      fela le\u00e1node,\n     \"manegum m\u00e2\u00f0mum,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an mergen com\n2105 \"and we t\u00f4 symble      geseten h\u00e4fdon.\n     \"\u00de\u00e6r w\u00e4s gidd and gle\u00f3;      gomela Scilding\n     \"fela fricgende      feorran rehte;\n     \"hw\u00eelum hilde-de\u00f3r      hearpan wynne,\n     \"gomen-wudu gr\u00eatte;      hw\u00eelum gyd \u00e2wr\u00e4c\n2110 \"s\u00f4\u00f0 and s\u00e2rl\u00eec;      hw\u00eelum syll\u00eec spell\n     \"rehte \u00e4fter rihte      r\u00fbm-heort cyning.\n     \"Hw\u00eelum eft ongan      eldo gebunden,\n     \"gomel g\u00fb\u00f0-w\u00eega      giogu\u00f0e cw\u00ee\u00f0an\n     \"hilde-strengo;      hre\u00f0er inne we\u00f3ll,\n2115 \"\u00feonne he wintrum fr\u00f4d      worn gemunde.\n     \"Sw\u00e2 we \u00fe\u00e6r inne      andlangne d\u00e4g\n     \"ni\u00f3de n\u00e2man,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t niht becwom\n     \"\u00f4\u00f0er t\u00f4 yldum.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s eft hra\u00f0e\n     \"gearo gyrn-wr\u00e4ce      Grendeles m\u00f4dor,\n2120 \"s\u00ee\u00f0ode sorh-full;      sunu de\u00e1\u00f0 fornam,\n     \"w\u00eeg-hete Wedra.      W\u00eef unh\u00fdre\n     \"hyre bearn gewr\u00e4c,      beorn \u00e2cwealde\n     \"ellenl\u00eece;      \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s \u00c4sc-here,\n     \"fr\u00f4dan fyrn-witan,      feorh \u00fb\u00f0genge;\n2125 \"n\u00f4\u00f0er hy hine ne m\u00f4ston,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an mergen cwom,\n     \"de\u00e1\u00f0-w\u00earigne      Denia le\u00f3de\n     \"bronde forb\u00e4rnan,      ne on b\u00e6l hladan\n     \"le\u00f3fne mannan:      hi\u00f3 \u00fe\u00e4t l\u00eec \u00e4tb\u00e4r\n     \"fe\u00f3ndes f\u00e4\u00f0mum      under firgen-stre\u00e1m.\n2130 \"\u00de\u00e4t w\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re      hre\u00f3wa tornost\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee le\u00f3d-fruman      lange bege\u00e2te;\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 se \u00fee\u00f3den mec      \u00fe\u00eene l\u00eefe\n     \"healsode hre\u00f3h-m\u00f4d,      \u00fe\u00e4t ic on holma ge\u00fering\n     \"eorl-scipe efnde,      ealdre gen\u00ea\u00f0de,\n2135 \"m\u00e6r\u00f0o fremede:      he me m\u00eade geh\u00eat.\n     \"Ic \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4s w\u00e4lmes,      \u00fee is w\u00eede c\u00fb\u00f0,\n     \"grimne gryrel\u00eecne      grund-hyrde fond.\n     \"\u00de\u00e6r unc hw\u00eele w\u00e4s      hand gem\u00e6ne;\n     \"holm heolfre we\u00f3ll      and ic he\u00e1fde becearf\n2140 \"in \u00feam grund-sele      Grendeles m\u00f4dor\n     \"e\u00e1cnum ecgum,      uns\u00f4fte \u00feonan\n     \"feorh \u00f4\u00f0ferede;      n\u00e4s ic f\u00e6ge \u00fe\u00e2 gyt,\n     \"ac me eorla hle\u00f3      eft gesealde\n     \"m\u00e2\u00f0ma menigeo,      maga Healfdenes.\n\n\nXXXI. HE GIVES PRESENTS TO HYGELAC. HYGELAC REWARDS HIM. HYGELAC'S DEATH.\n      BE\u00d3WULF REIGNS.\n\n2145 \"Sw\u00e2 se \u00fee\u00f3d-kyning      \u00fee\u00e1wum lyfde;\n     \"nealles ic \u00fe\u00e2m le\u00e1num      forloren h\u00e4fde,\n     \"m\u00e4gnes m\u00eade,      ac he me m\u00e2\u00f0mas geaf,\n     \"sunu Healfdenes,      on s\u00eenne sylfes d\u00f4m;\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 ic \u00fee, beorn-cyning,      bringan wylle,\n2150 \"\u00eastum ge\u00fdwan.      Gen is eall \u00e4t \u00fee\n     \"lissa gelong:      ic lyt hafo\n     \"he\u00e1fod-m\u00e2ga,      nefne Hygel\u00e2c \u00feec!\"\n     H\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 in beran      eafor, he\u00e1fod-segn,\n     hea\u00f0o-ste\u00e1pne helm,      h\u00e2re byrnan,\n2155 g\u00fb\u00f0-sweord geatol\u00eec,      gyd \u00e4fter wr\u00e4c:\n     \"Me \u00feis hilde-sceorp      Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r sealde,\n     \"snotra fengel,      sume worde h\u00eat,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic his \u00e6rest      \u00fee eft ges\u00e4gde,\n     \"cw\u00e4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hyt h\u00e4fde      Hiorog\u00e2r cyning,\n2160 \"le\u00f3d Scyldunga      lange hw\u00eele:\n     \"n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r suna s\u00eenum      syllan wolde,\n     \"hwatum Heorowearde,      \u00fee\u00e1h he him hold w\u00e6re,\n     \"bre\u00f3st-gew\u00e6du.      Br\u00fbc ealles well!\"\n     H\u00fdrde ic \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2m fr\u00e4twum      fe\u00f3wer mearas\n2165 lungre gel\u00eece      l\u00e2st weardode,\n     \u00e4ppel-fealuwe;      he him \u00east gete\u00e1h\n     meara and m\u00e2\u00f0ma.      Sw\u00e2 sceal m\u00e6g d\u00f4n,\n     nealles inwit-net      \u00f4\u00f0rum bregdan,\n     dyrnum cr\u00e4fte      de\u00e1\u00f0 r\u00eanian\n2170 hond-gesteallan.      Hygel\u00e2ce w\u00e4s,\n     n\u00ee\u00f0a heardum,      nefa sw\u00fd\u00f0e hold\n     and gehw\u00e4\u00f0er \u00f4\u00f0rum      hr\u00f4\u00f0ra gemyndig.\n     H\u00fdrde ic \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feone heals-be\u00e1h      Hygde gesealde,\n     wr\u00e4tl\u00eecne wundur-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um,      \u00feone \u00fee him Wealh\u00fee\u00f3 geaf,\n2175 \u00fee\u00f3dnes d\u00f4htor,      \u00feri\u00f3 wicg somod\n     swancor and sadol-beorht;      hyre sy\u00f0\u00f0an w\u00e4s\n     \u00e4fter be\u00e1h-\u00feege      bre\u00f3st geweor\u00f0od.\n     Sw\u00e2 bealdode      bearn Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes,\n     guma g\u00fb\u00f0um c\u00fb\u00f0,      g\u00f4dum d\u00e6dum,\n2180 dre\u00e1h \u00e4fter d\u00f4me,      nealles druncne sl\u00f4g\n     heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tas;      n\u00e4s him hre\u00f3h sefa,\n     ac he man-cynnes      m\u00e6ste cr\u00e4fte\n     gin-f\u00e4stan gife,      \u00fee him god sealde,\n     he\u00f3ld hilde-de\u00f3r.      He\u00e1n w\u00e4s lange,\n2185 sw\u00e2 hyne Ge\u00e1ta bearn      g\u00f4dne ne tealdon,\n     ne hyne on medo-bence      micles wyr\u00f0ne\n     drihten wereda      ged\u00f4n wolde;\n     sw\u00fd\u00f0e oft s\u00e4gdon,      \u00fe\u00e4t he sleac w\u00e6re,\n     \u00e4\u00f0eling unfrom:      edwenden cwom\n2190 t\u00eer-e\u00e1digum menn      torna gehwylces.\n     H\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 eorla hle\u00f3      in gefetian,\n     hea\u00f0o-r\u00f4f cyning,      Hr\u00ea\u00f0les l\u00e2fe,\n     golde gegyrede;      n\u00e4s mid Ge\u00e1tum \u00fe\u00e2\n     sinc-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um s\u00ealra      on sweordes h\u00e2d;\n2195 \u00fe\u00e4t he on Bi\u00f3wulfes      bearm \u00e2legde,\n     and him gesealde      seofan \u00fe\u00fbsendo,\n     bold and brego-st\u00f4l.      Him w\u00e4s b\u00e2m samod\n     on \u00feam le\u00f3d-scipe      lond gecynde,\n     eard \u00ea\u00f0el-riht,      \u00f4\u00f0rum sw\u00ee\u00f0or\n2200 s\u00eede r\u00eece,      \u00feam \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00ealra w\u00e4s.\n     Eft \u00fe\u00e4t geiode      ufaran d\u00f4grum\n     hilde-hl\u00e4mmum,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an Hygel\u00e2c l\u00e4g\n     and Heardr\u00eade      hilde-m\u00eaceas\n     under bord-hre\u00f3\u00f0an      t\u00f4 bonan wurdon,\n2205 \u00fe\u00e2 hyne ges\u00f4htan      on sige-\u00fee\u00f3de\n     hearde hilde-frecan,      Hea\u00f0o-Scilfingas,\n     n\u00ee\u00f0a gen\u00e6gdan      nefan Herer\u00eeces.\n     Sy\u00f0\u00f0an Be\u00f3wulfe      br\u00e2de r\u00eece\n     on hand gehwearf:      he gehe\u00f3ld tela\n2210 f\u00eeftig wintru      (w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 fr\u00f4d cyning,\n     eald \u00ea\u00f0el-weard),      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00e2n ongan\n     deorcum nihtum      draca r\u00eecsian,\n     se \u00fee on he\u00e1re h\u00e6\u00f0e      hord beweotode,\n     st\u00e2n-beorh ste\u00e1pne:      st\u00eeg under l\u00e4g,\n2215 eldum unc\u00fb\u00f0.      \u00de\u00e6r on innan gi\u00f3ng\n     ni\u00f0a n\u00e2t-hwylces      ne\u00f3de gef\u00eang\n     h\u00e6\u00f0num horde      hond . d . . ge\u00fe . . hwylc\n     since f\u00e2hne,      he \u00fe\u00e4t sy\u00f0\u00f0an . . . . .\n     . . . \u00fe . . . l\u00f0 . \u00fe . . l . g\n2220 sl\u00e6pende be f\u00fdre,      fyrena hyrde\n     \u00fee\u00f3fes cr\u00e4fte,      \u00fe\u00e4t sie . . . . \u00f0io\u00f0 . . . . .\n     . idh . folc-beorn,      \u00fe\u00e4t he gebolgen w\u00e4s.\n\n\nXXXII. THE FIRE-DRAKE. THE HOARD.\n\n     Nealles mid geweoldum      wyrm-horda . . . cr\u00e4ft\n     s\u00f4hte sylfes willum,      se \u00fee him s\u00e2re gesce\u00f4d,\n2225 ac for \u00fere\u00e1-n\u00eadlan      \u00fee\u00f3w n\u00e2t-hwylces\n     h\u00e4le\u00f0a bearna      hete-swengeas fle\u00e1h,\n     for ofer-\u00feearfe      and \u00fe\u00e6r inne fealh\n     secg syn-bysig.      S\u00f4na in \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00eede\n     \u00fe\u00e4t . . . . . \u00feam gyste      . . . . br . g . st\u00f4d,\n2230 hw\u00e4\u00f0re earm-sceapen . . . . . . .\n     . . \u00f0 . . . sceapen o . . . . i r . . e se f\u00e6s begeat,\n     sinc-f\u00e4t geseah:      \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s swylcra fela\n     in \u00feam eor\u00f0-scr\u00e4fe      \u00e6r-gestre\u00f3na,\n     sw\u00e2 hy on ge\u00e2r-dagum      gumena n\u00e2t-hwylc\n2235 eormen-l\u00e2fe      \u00e4\u00f0elan cynnes\n     \u00feanc-hycgende      \u00fe\u00e6r geh\u00fddde,\n     de\u00f3re m\u00e2\u00f0mas.      Ealle hie de\u00e1\u00f0 fornam\n     \u00e6rran m\u00e6lum,      and se \u00e2n \u00fe\u00e2 gen\n     le\u00f3da dugu\u00f0e,      se \u00fe\u00e6r lengest hwearf,\n2240 weard wine-ge\u00f4mor      w\u00eescte \u00fe\u00e4s yldan,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he lytel f\u00e4c      long-gestre\u00f3na\n     br\u00fbcan m\u00f4ste.      Beorh eal gearo\n     wunode on wonge      w\u00e4ter-\u00fd\u00f0um ne\u00e1h,\n     niwe be n\u00e4sse      nearo-cr\u00e4ftum f\u00e4st:\n2245 \u00fe\u00e6r on innan b\u00e4r      eorl-gestre\u00f3na\n     hringa hyrde      hard-fyrdne d\u00e6l\n     f\u00e4ttan goldes,      fe\u00e1 worda cw\u00e4\u00f0:\n     \"Heald \u00feu nu, hruse,      nu h\u00e4le\u00f0 ne m\u00f4ston,\n     \"eorla \u00e6hte.      Hw\u00e4t! hit \u00e6r on \u00fee\n2250 \"g\u00f4de bege\u00e2ton;      g\u00fb\u00f0-de\u00e1\u00f0 fornam,\n     \"feorh-bealo fr\u00eacne      fyra gehwylcne,\n     \"le\u00f3da m\u00eenra,      \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee \u00feis l\u00eef ofgeaf,\n     \"ges\u00e2won sele-dre\u00e1m.      N\u00e2h hw\u00e2 sweord wege\n     \"o\u00f0\u00f0e fetige      f\u00e4ted w\u00e6ge,\n2255 \"drync-f\u00e4t de\u00f3re:      dugu\u00f0 ellor sc\u00f4c.\n     \"Sceal se hearda helm      hyrsted golde\n     \"f\u00e4tum befeallen:      feormiend swefa\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 \u00fee beado-gr\u00eeman      b\u00fdwan sceoldon,\n     \"ge swylce se\u00f3 here-p\u00e2d,      si\u00f3 \u00e4t hilde geb\u00e2d\n2260 \"ofer borda gebr\u00e4c      bite \u00eerena,\n     \"brosna\u00f0 \u00e4fter beorne.      Ne m\u00e4g byrnan hring\n     \"\u00e4fter w\u00eeg-fruman      w\u00eede f\u00earan\n     \"h\u00e4le\u00f0um be healfe;      n\u00e4s hearpan wyn,\n     \"gomen gle\u00f3-be\u00e1mes,      ne g\u00f4d hafoc\n2265 \"geond s\u00e4l swinge\u00f0,      ne se swifta mearh\n     \"burh-stede be\u00e1te\u00f0.      Bealo-cwealm hafa\u00f0\n     \"fela feorh-cynna      feorr onsended!\"\n     Sw\u00e2 gi\u00f4mor-m\u00f4d      gioh\u00f0o m\u00e6nde,\n     \u00e2n \u00e4fter eallum      unbl\u00ee\u00f0e hwe\u00f3p,\n2270 d\u00e4ges and nihtes,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t de\u00e1\u00f0es wylm\n     hr\u00e2n \u00e4t heortan.      Hord-wynne fond\n     eald uht-scea\u00f0a      opene standan,\n     se \u00fee byrnende      biorgas s\u00eace\u00f0\n     nacod n\u00ee\u00f0-draca,      nihtes fle\u00f3ge\u00f0\n2275 f\u00fdre befangen;      hyne fold-b\u00fbend\n     w\u00eede ges\u00e2won.      He gewunian sceall\n     hl\u00e2w under hrusan,      \u00fe\u00e6r he h\u00e6\u00f0en gold\n     wara\u00f0 wintrum fr\u00f4d;      ne by\u00f0 him wihte \u00fe\u00ea s\u00eal.\n     Sw\u00e2 se \u00fee\u00f3d-scea\u00f0a      \u00fere\u00f3 hund wintra\n2280 he\u00f3ld on hrusan      hord-\u00e4rna sum\n     e\u00e1cen-cr\u00e4ftig,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hyne \u00e2n \u00e2bealh\n     mon on m\u00f4de:      man-dryhtne b\u00e4r\n     f\u00e4ted w\u00e6ge,      frio\u00f0o-w\u00e6re b\u00e4d\n     hl\u00e2ford s\u00eenne.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s hord r\u00e2sod,\n2285 onboren be\u00e1ga hord,      b\u00eane get\u00ee\u00f0ad\n     fe\u00e1-sceaftum men.      Fre\u00e1 sce\u00e1wode\n     fira fyrn-geweorc      forman s\u00ee\u00f0e.\n     \u00de\u00e2 se wyrm onw\u00f4c,      wr\u00f4ht w\u00e4s geniwad;\n     stonc \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4fter st\u00e2ne,      stearc-heort onfand\n2290 fe\u00f3ndes f\u00f4t-l\u00e2st;      he t\u00f4 for\u00f0 gest\u00f4p,\n     dyrnan cr\u00e4fte,      dracan he\u00e1fde ne\u00e1h.\n     Sw\u00e2 m\u00e4g unf\u00e6ge      e\u00e1\u00f0e ged\u00eegan\n     we\u00e1n and wr\u00e4c-s\u00ee\u00f0,      se \u00fee waldendes\n     hyldo gehealde\u00f0.      Hord-weard s\u00f4hte\n2295 georne \u00e4fter grunde,      wolde guman findan,\n     \u00feone \u00fee him on sweofote      s\u00e2re gete\u00f3de:\n     h\u00e2t and hre\u00f3h-m\u00f4d      hl\u00e6w oft ymbe hwearf,\n     ealne \u00fbtan-weardne;      ne \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e6nig mon\n     w\u00e4s on \u00fe\u00e6re w\u00eastenne.      Hw\u00e4\u00f0re hilde gefeh,\n2300 beado-weorces:      hw\u00eelum on beorh \u00e4thwearf,\n     sinc-f\u00e4t s\u00f4hte;      he \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00f4na onfand,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t h\u00e4fde gumena sum      goldes gefandod\n     he\u00e1h-gestre\u00f3na.      Hord-weard onb\u00e2d\n     earfo\u00f0l\u00eece,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00e6fen cwom;\n2305 w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 gebolgen      beorges hyrde,\n     wolde se l\u00e2\u00f0a      l\u00eege forgyldan\n     drinc-f\u00e4t d\u00fdre.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s d\u00e4g sceacen\n     wyrme on willan,      n\u00f4 on wealle leng\n     b\u00eedan wolde,      ac mid b\u00e6le f\u00f4r,\n2310 f\u00fdre gef\u00fdsed.      W\u00e4s se fruma egesl\u00eec\n     le\u00f3dum on lande,      sw\u00e2 hyt lungre wear\u00f0\n     on hyra sinc-gifan      s\u00e2re geendod.\n\n\nXXXIII. BEOWULF RESOLVES TO KILL THE FIRE-DRAKE.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 se g\u00e4st ongan      gl\u00eadum sp\u00eewan,\n     beorht hofu b\u00e4rnan;      bryne-le\u00f3ma st\u00f4d\n2315 eldum on andan;      n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e2ht cwices\n     l\u00e2\u00f0 lyft-floga      l\u00e6fan wolde.\n     W\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4s wyrmes w\u00eeg      w\u00eede ges\u00fdne,\n     nearo-f\u00e2ges n\u00ee\u00f0      ne\u00e1n and feorran,\n     h\u00fb se g\u00fb\u00f0-scea\u00f0a      Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de\n2320 hatode and h\u00fdnde:      hord eft gesce\u00e1t,\n     dryht-sele dyrnne      \u00e6r d\u00e4ges hw\u00eele.\n     H\u00e4fde land-wara      l\u00eege befangen,\n     b\u00e6le and bronde;      beorges getr\u00fbwode,\n     w\u00eeges and wealles:      him se\u00f3 w\u00ean gele\u00e1h.\n2325 \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s Bi\u00f3wulfe      br\u00f4ga gec\u00fd\u00f0ed\n     sn\u00fbde t\u00f4 s\u00f4\u00f0e,      \u00fe\u00e4t his sylfes him\n     bolda s\u00ealest      bryne-wylmum mealt,\n     gif-st\u00f4l Ge\u00e1ta.      \u00de\u00e4t \u00feam g\u00f4dan w\u00e4s\n     hre\u00f3w on hre\u00f0re,      hyge-sorga m\u00e6st:\n2330 w\u00eande se w\u00eesa,      \u00fe\u00e4t he wealdende,\n     ofer ealde riht,      \u00eacean dryhtne\n     bitre gebulge:      bre\u00f3st innan we\u00f3ll\n     \u00fee\u00f3strum ge\u00feoncum,      sw\u00e2 him ge\u00fe\u00fdwe ne w\u00e4s.\n     H\u00e4fde l\u00eeg-draca      le\u00f3da f\u00e4sten,\n2335 e\u00e1-lond \u00fbtan,      eor\u00f0-weard \u00feone\n     gl\u00eadum forgrunden.      Him \u00fe\u00e4s g\u00fb\u00f0-cyning,\n     Wedera \u00fei\u00f3den,      wr\u00e4ce leornode.\n     H\u00eaht him \u00fe\u00e2 gewyrcean      w\u00eegendra hle\u00f3\n     eall-\u00eerenne,      eorla dryhten\n2340 w\u00eeg-bord wr\u00e4tl\u00eec;      wisse he gearwe,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t him holt-wudu      helpan ne meahte,\n     lind wi\u00f0 l\u00eege.      Sceolde l\u00e6n-daga\n     \u00e4\u00f0eling \u00e6r-g\u00f4d      ende geb\u00eedan\n     worulde l\u00eefes      and se wyrm somod;\n2345 \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee hord-welan      he\u00f3lde lange.\n     Oferhogode \u00fe\u00e2      hringa fengel,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feone w\u00eed-flogan      weorode ges\u00f4hte,\n     s\u00eedan herge;      n\u00f4 he him \u00fe\u00e2 s\u00e4cce ondr\u00ead,\n     ne him \u00fe\u00e4s wyrmes w\u00eeg      for wiht dyde,\n2350 eafo\u00f0 and ellen;      for\u00feon he \u00e6r fela\n     nearo n\u00ea\u00f0ende      n\u00ee\u00f0a ged\u00eegde,\n     hilde-hlemma,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an he Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res,\n     sigor-e\u00e1dig secg,      sele f\u00e6lsode\n     and \u00e4t g\u00fb\u00f0e forgr\u00e2p      Grendeles m\u00e6gum,\n2355 l\u00e2\u00f0an cynnes.      N\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4t l\u00e4sest w\u00e4s\n     hond-gemota,      \u00fe\u00e6r mon Hygel\u00e2c sl\u00f4h,\n     sy\u00f0\u00f0an Ge\u00e1ta cyning      g\u00fb\u00f0e r\u00e6sum,\n     fre\u00e1-wine folces      Freslondum on,\n     Hr\u00ea\u00f0les eafora      hioro-dryncum swealt,\n2360 bille gebe\u00e1ten;      \u00feonan Bi\u00f3wulf com\n     sylfes cr\u00e4fte,      sund-nytte dre\u00e1h;\n     + h\u00e4fde him on earme      ... XXX\n     hilde-geatwa,      \u00fe\u00e2 he t\u00f4 holme st\u00e2g.\n     Nealles Hetware      hr\u00eamge \u00feorfton\n2365 f\u00ea\u00f0e-w\u00eeges,      \u00fee him foran onge\u00e1n\n     linde b\u00e6ron:      lyt eft becwom\n     fram \u00feam hild-frecan      h\u00e2mes ni\u00f3san.\n     Oferswam \u00fe\u00e2 si\u00f3le\u00f0a bigong      sunu Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes,\n     earm \u00e2n-haga      eft t\u00f4 le\u00f3dum,\n2370 \u00fe\u00e6r him Hygd gebe\u00e1d      hord and r\u00eece,\n     be\u00e1gas and brego-st\u00f4l:      bearne ne tr\u00fbwode,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he wi\u00f0 \u00e4l-fylcum      \u00ea\u00f0el-st\u00f4las\n     healdan c\u00fb\u00f0e,      \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s Hygel\u00e2c de\u00e1d.\n     N\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r fe\u00e1-sceafte      findan meahton\n2375 \u00e4t \u00feam \u00e4\u00f0elinge      \u00e6nige \u00feinga,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he Heardr\u00eade      hl\u00e2ford w\u00e6re,\n     o\u00f0\u00f0e \u00feone cyne-d\u00f4m      ci\u00f3san wolde;\n     hw\u00e4\u00f0re he him on folce      fre\u00f3nd-l\u00e2rum he\u00f3ld,\n     \u00eastum mid \u00e2re,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t he yldra wear\u00f0,\n2380 Weder-Ge\u00e1tum we\u00f3ld.      Hyne wr\u00e4c-m\u00e4cgas\n     ofer s\u00e6 s\u00f4htan,      suna \u00d4hteres:\n     h\u00e4fdon hy forhealden      helm Scylfinga,\n     \u00feone s\u00ealestan      s\u00e6-cyninga,\n     \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee in Swi\u00f3-r\u00eece      sinc brytnade,\n2385 m\u00e6rne \u00fee\u00f3den.      Him \u00fe\u00e4t t\u00f4 mearce wear\u00f0;\n     he \u00fe\u00e6r orfeorme      feorh-wunde hle\u00e1t\n     sweordes swengum,      sunu Hygel\u00e2ces;\n     and him eft gew\u00e2t      Ongen\u00fei\u00f3wes bearn\n     h\u00e2mes ni\u00f3san,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an Heardr\u00ead l\u00e4g;\n2390 l\u00eat \u00feone brego-st\u00f4l      Bi\u00f3wulf healdan,\n     Ge\u00e1tum wealdan:      \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s g\u00f4d cyning.\n\n\nXXXIV. RETROSPECT OF BE\u00d3WULF.--STRIFE BETWEEN SWEONAS AND GEATAS.\n\n     Se \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00f3d-hryres      le\u00e1n gemunde\n     uferan d\u00f4grum,      E\u00e1dgilse wear\u00f0\n     fe\u00e1-sceaftum fe\u00f3nd.      Folce gestepte\n2395 ofer s\u00e6 s\u00eede      sunu \u00d4hteres\n     w\u00eegum and w\u00e6pnum:      he gewr\u00e4c sy\u00f0\u00f0an\n     cealdum cear-s\u00ee\u00f0um,      cyning ealdre bine\u00e1t.\n     Sw\u00e2 he n\u00ee\u00f0a gehwane      genesen h\u00e4fde,\n     sl\u00ee\u00f0ra geslyhta,      sunu Ecg\u00fei\u00f3wes,\n2400 ellen-weorca,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00feone \u00e2nne d\u00e4g,\n     \u00fee he wi\u00f0 \u00feam wyrme      gewegan sceolde.\n     Gew\u00e2t \u00fe\u00e2 twelfa sum      torne gebolgen\n     dryhten Ge\u00e1ta      dracan sce\u00e1wian;\n     h\u00e4fde \u00fe\u00e2 gefrunen,      hwanan si\u00f3 f\u00e6h\u00f0 \u00e2r\u00e2s,\n2405 bealo-n\u00ee\u00f0 biorna;      him t\u00f4 bearme cwom\n     m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-f\u00e4t m\u00e6re      \u00feurh \u00fe\u00e4s meldan hond,\n     Se w\u00e4s on \u00feam \u00fere\u00e1te      \u00fereotteo\u00f0a secg,\n     se \u00fe\u00e4s orleges      \u00f4r onstealde,\n     h\u00e4ft hyge-gi\u00f4mor,      sceolde he\u00e1n \u00feonon\n2410 wong w\u00eesian:      he ofer willan gi\u00f3ng\n     t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee he eor\u00f0-sele      \u00e2nne wisse,\n     hl\u00e6w under hrusan      holm-wylme n\u00eah,\n     \u00fd\u00f0-gewinne,      se w\u00e4s innan full\n     wr\u00e4tta and w\u00eera:      weard unhi\u00f3re,\n2415 gearo g\u00fb\u00f0-freca,      gold-m\u00e2\u00f0mas he\u00f3ld,\n     eald under eor\u00f0an;      n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fd\u00f0e ce\u00e1p,\n     t\u00f4 gegangenne      gumena \u00e6nigum.\n     Ges\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 on n\u00e4sse      n\u00ee\u00f0-heard cyning,\n     \u00feenden h\u00e6lo \u00e2be\u00e1d      heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tum\n2420 gold-wine Ge\u00e1ta:      him w\u00e4s ge\u00f4mor sefa,\n     w\u00e4fre and w\u00e4l-f\u00fbs,      Wyrd ungemete ne\u00e1h,\n     se \u00feone gomelan      gr\u00eatan sceolde,\n     s\u00eacean s\u00e2wle hord,      sundur ged\u00e6lan\n     l\u00eef wi\u00f0 l\u00eece:      n\u00f4 \u00feon lange w\u00e4s\n2425 feorh \u00e4\u00f0elinges      fl\u00e6sce bewunden.\n     Bi\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elade,      bearn Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes:\n     \"Fela ic on giogo\u00f0e      gu\u00f0-r\u00e6sa gen\u00e4s,\n     \"orleg-hw\u00eela:      ic \u00fe\u00e4t eall gemon.\n     \"Ic w\u00e4s syfan-wintre,      \u00fe\u00e2 mec sinca baldor,\n2430 \"fre\u00e1-wine folca      \u00e4t m\u00eenum f\u00e4der genam,\n     \"he\u00f3ld mec and h\u00e4fde      Hr\u00ea\u00f0el cyning,\n     \"geaf me sinc and symbel,      sibbe gemunde;\n     \"n\u00e4s ic him t\u00f4 l\u00eefe      l\u00e2\u00f0ra \u00f4wihte\n     \"beorn in burgum,      \u00feonne his bearna hwylc,\n2435 \"Herebeald and H\u00e6\u00f0cyn,      o\u00f0\u00f0e Hygel\u00e2c m\u00een.\n     \"W\u00e4s \u00feam yldestan      unged\u00eafel\u00eece\n     \"m\u00e6ges d\u00e6dum      mor\u00f0or-bed str\u00ead,\n     \"sy\u00f0\u00f0an hyne H\u00e6\u00f0cyn      of horn-bogan,\n     \"his fre\u00e1-wine      fl\u00e2ne geswencte,\n2440 \"miste mercelses      and his m\u00e6g ofsc\u00eat,\n     \"br\u00f4\u00f0or \u00f4\u00f0erne,      bl\u00f4digan g\u00e2re:\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s feoh-le\u00e1s gefeoht,      fyrenum gesyngad\n     \"hre\u00f0re hyge-m\u00ea\u00f0e;      sceolde hw\u00e4\u00f0re sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h\n     \"\u00e4\u00f0eling unwrecen      ealdres linnan.\n2445 \"Sw\u00e2 bi\u00f0 ge\u00f4morl\u00eec      gomelum ceorle\n     \"t\u00f4 geb\u00eedanne,      \u00fe\u00e4t his byre r\u00eede\n     \"giong on galgan,      \u00feonne he gyd wrece,\n     \"s\u00e2rigne sang,      \u00feonne his sunu hanga\u00f0\n     \"hrefne t\u00f4 hr\u00f4\u00f0re      and he him helpe ne m\u00e4g,\n2450 \"eald and in-fr\u00f4d,      \u00e6nige gefremman.\n     \"Symble bi\u00f0 gemyndgad      morna gehwylce\n     \"eaforan ellor-s\u00ee\u00f0;      \u00f4\u00f0res ne g\u00fdme\u00f0\n     \"t\u00f4 geb\u00eedanne      burgum on innan\n     \"yrfe-weardes,      \u00feonne se \u00e2n hafa\u00f0\n2455 \"\u00feurh de\u00e1\u00f0es n\u00fdd      d\u00e6da gefondad.\n     \"Gesyh\u00f0 sorh-cearig      on his suna b\u00fbre\n     \"w\u00een-sele w\u00eastne,      wind-gereste,\n     \"re\u00f3te berofene;      r\u00eedend swefa\u00f0\n     \"h\u00e4le\u00f0 in ho\u00f0man;      nis \u00fe\u00e6r hearpan sw\u00eag,\n2460 \"gomen in geardum,      swylce \u00fe\u00e6r i\u00fa w\u00e6ron.\n\n\nXXXV. MEMORIES OF PAST TIME.--THE FEUD WITH THE FIRE-DRAKE.\n\n     \"Gew\u00eete\u00f0 \u00feonne on sealman,      sorh-le\u00f3\u00f0 g\u00e4le\u00f0\n     \"\u00e2n \u00e4fter \u00e2num:      \u00fe\u00fbhte him eall t\u00f4 r\u00fbm,\n     \"wongas and w\u00eec-stede.      Sw\u00e2 Wedra helm\n     \"\u00e4fter Herebealde      heortan sorge\n2465 \"weallende w\u00e4g,      wihte ne meahte\n     \"on \u00feam feorh-bonan      f\u00e6h\u00f0e geb\u00eatan:\n     \"n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r he \u00feone hea\u00f0o-rinc      hatian ne meahte\n     \"l\u00e2\u00f0um d\u00e6dum,      \u00fee\u00e1h him le\u00f3f ne w\u00e4s.\n     \"He \u00fe\u00e2 mid \u00fe\u00e6re sorge,      \u00fee him si\u00f3 s\u00e2r belamp,\n2470 \"gum-dre\u00e1m ofgeaf,      godes le\u00f3ht gece\u00e1s;\n     \"eaferum l\u00e6fde,      sw\u00e2 d\u00ea\u00f0 e\u00e1dig mon,\n     \"lond and le\u00f3d-byrig,      \u00fe\u00e2 he of l\u00eefe gew\u00e2t.\n     \"\u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s synn and sacu      Sweona and Ge\u00e1ta,\n     \"ofer w\u00eed w\u00e4ter      wr\u00f4ht gem\u00e6ne,\n2175 \"here-n\u00ee\u00f0 hearda,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an Hr\u00ea\u00f0el swealt,\n     \"o\u00f0\u00f0e him Ongen\u00fee\u00f3wes      eaferan w\u00e6ran\n     \"frome fyrd-hwate,      fre\u00f3de ne woldon\n     \"ofer heafo healdan,      ac ymb Hreosna-beorh\n     \"eatolne inwit-scear      oft gefremedon.\n2480 \"\u00de\u00e4t m\u00e6g-wine      m\u00eene gewr\u00e6can,\n     \"f\u00e6h\u00f0e and fyrene,      sw\u00e2 hyt gefr\u00e6ge w\u00e4s,\n     \"\u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee \u00f4\u00f0er hit      ealdre gebohte,\n     \"heardan ce\u00e1pe:      H\u00e6\u00f0cynne wear\u00f0,\n     \"Ge\u00e1ta dryhtne,      g\u00fb\u00f0 ons\u00e6ge.\n2485 \"\u00de\u00e2 ic on morgne gefr\u00e4gn      m\u00e6g \u00f4\u00f0erne\n     \"billes ecgum      on bonan st\u00e6lan,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e6r Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w      Eofores ni\u00f3sade:\n     \"g\u00fb\u00f0-helm t\u00f4gl\u00e2d,      gomela Scylfing\n     \"hre\u00e1s heoro-bl\u00e2c;      hond gemunde\n2490 \"f\u00e6h\u00f0o gen\u00f4ge,      feorh-sweng ne ofte\u00e1h.\n     \"Ic him \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e2\u00f0mas,      \u00fee he me sealde,\n     \"geald \u00e4t g\u00fb\u00f0e,      sw\u00e2 me gife\u00f0e w\u00e4s,\n     \"le\u00f3htan sweorde:      he me lond forgeaf,\n     \"eard \u00ea\u00f0el-wyn.      N\u00e4s him \u00e6nig \u00feearf,\n2495 \"\u00fe\u00e4t he t\u00f4 Gif\u00f0um      o\u00f0\u00f0e t\u00f4 G\u00e2r-Denum\n     \"o\u00f0\u00f0e in Swi\u00f3-r\u00eece      s\u00eacean \u00feurfe\n     \"wyrsan w\u00eeg-frecan,      weor\u00f0e gec\u00fdpan;\n     \"symle ic him on f\u00ea\u00f0an      beforan wolde,\n     \"\u00e2na on orde,      and sw\u00e2 t\u00f4 aldre sceall\n2500 \"s\u00e4cce fremman,      \u00feenden \u00feis sweord \u00feola\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t mec \u00e6r and s\u00ee\u00f0      oft gel\u00e6ste,\n     \"sy\u00f0\u00f0an ic for duge\u00f0um      D\u00e4ghrefne wear\u00f0\n     \"t\u00f4 hand-bonan,      H\u00fbga cempan:\n     \"nalles he \u00fe\u00e2 fr\u00e4twe      Fres-cyninge,\n2505 \"bre\u00f3st-weor\u00f0unge      bringan m\u00f4ste,\n     \"ac in campe gecrong      cumbles hyrde,\n     \"\u00e4\u00f0eling on elne.      Ne w\u00e4s ecg bona,\n     \"ac him hilde-gr\u00e2p      heortan wylmas,\n     \"b\u00e2n-h\u00fbs gebr\u00e4c.      Nu sceall billes ecg,\n2510 \"hond and heard sweord      ymb hord w\u00eegan.\"\n     Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      be\u00f3t-wordum spr\u00e4c\n     ni\u00e9hstan s\u00ee\u00f0e:      \"Ic gen\u00ea\u00f0de fela\n     \"g\u00fb\u00f0a on geogo\u00f0e;      gyt ic wylle,\n     \"fr\u00f4d folces weard,      f\u00e6h\u00f0e s\u00eacan,\n2515 \"m\u00e6r\u00f0um fremman,      gif mec se m\u00e2n-scea\u00f0a\n     \"of eor\u00f0-sele      \u00fbt ges\u00eace\u00f0!\"\n     Gegr\u00eatte \u00fe\u00e2      gumena gehwylcne,\n     hwate helm-berend      hindeman s\u00ee\u00f0e,\n     sw\u00e6se ges\u00ee\u00f0as:      \"Nolde ic sweord beran,\n2520 \"w\u00e6pen t\u00f4 wyrme,      gif ic wiste h\u00fb\n     \"wi\u00f0 \u00feam agl\u00e6cean      elles meahte\n     \"gylpe wi\u00f0gr\u00eepan,      sw\u00e2 ic gi\u00f3 wi\u00f0 Grendle dyde;\n     \"ac ic \u00fe\u00e6r hea\u00f0u-f\u00fdres      h\u00e2tes w\u00eane,\n     \"r\u00ea\u00f0es and-h\u00e2ttres:      for\u00feon ic me on hafu\n2525 \"bord and byrnan.      Nelle ic beorges weard\n     \"oferfle\u00f3n f\u00f4tes trem,      fe\u00f3nd unh\u00fdre,\n     \"ac unc sceal weor\u00f0an \u00e4t wealle,      sw\u00e2 unc Wyrd gete\u00f3\u00f0,\n     \"metod manna gehw\u00e4s.      Ic eom on m\u00f4de from,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t ic wi\u00f0 \u00feone g\u00fb\u00f0-flogan      gylp ofersitte.\n2530 \"Geb\u00eede ge on beorge      byrnum werede,\n     \"secgas on searwum,      hw\u00e4\u00f0er s\u00eal m\u00e6ge\n     \"\u00e4fter w\u00e4l-r\u00e6se      wunde ged\u00fdgan\n     \"uncer twega.      Nis \u00fe\u00e4t e\u00f3wer s\u00ee\u00f0,\n     \"ne gemet mannes,      nefne m\u00een \u00e2nes,\n2535 \"\u00fe\u00e4t he wi\u00f0 agl\u00e6cean      eofo\u00f0o d\u00e6le,\n     \"eorl-scype efne.      Ic mid elne sceall\n     \"gold gegangan      o\u00f0\u00f0e g\u00fb\u00f0 nime\u00f0,\n     \"feorh-bealu fr\u00eacne,      fre\u00e1n e\u00f3werne!\"\n     \u00c2r\u00e2s \u00fe\u00e2 b\u00ee ronde      r\u00f4f oretta,\n2540 heard under helm,      hioro-sercean b\u00e4r\n     under st\u00e2n-cleofu,      strengo getr\u00fbwode\n     \u00e2nes mannes:      ne bi\u00f0 swylc earges s\u00ee\u00f0.\n     Geseah \u00fe\u00e2 be wealle,      se \u00fee worna fela,\n     gum-cystum g\u00f4d,      g\u00fb\u00f0a ged\u00eegde,\n2545 hilde-hlemma,      \u00feonne hnitan f\u00ea\u00f0an,\n     (st\u00f4d on st\u00e2n-bogan)      stre\u00e1m \u00fbt \u00feonan\n     brecan of beorge;      w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e6re burnan w\u00e4lm\n     hea\u00f0o-f\u00fdrum h\u00e2t:      ne meahte horde ne\u00e1h\n     unbyrnende      \u00e6nige hw\u00eele\n2550 de\u00f3p ged\u00fdgan      for dracan l\u00eage.\n     L\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 of bre\u00f3stum,      \u00fe\u00e2 he gebolgen w\u00e4s,\n     Weder-Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d      word \u00fbt faran,\n     stearc-heort styrmde;      stefn in becom\n     hea\u00f0o-torht hlynnan      under h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n.\n2555 Hete w\u00e4s onhr\u00eared,      hord-weard oncni\u00f3w\n     mannes reorde;      n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e6r m\u00e2ra fyrst,\n     fre\u00f3de t\u00f4 friclan.      From \u00e6rest cwom\n     oru\u00f0 agl\u00e6cean      \u00fbt of st\u00e2ne,\n     h\u00e2t hilde-sw\u00e2t;      hruse dynede.\n2560 Biorn under beorge      bord-rand onsw\u00e2f\n     wi\u00f0 \u00feam gryre-gieste,      Ge\u00e1ta dryhten:\n     \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s hring-bogan      heorte gef\u00fdsed\n     s\u00e4cce t\u00f4 s\u00eaceanne.      Sweord \u00e6r gebr\u00e4d\n     g\u00f4d g\u00fb\u00f0-cyning      gomele l\u00e2fe,\n2565 ecgum ungle\u00e1w,      \u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0rum w\u00e4s\n     bealo-hycgendra      br\u00f4ga fram \u00f4\u00f0rum.\n     St\u00ee\u00f0-m\u00f4d gest\u00f4d      wi\u00f0 ste\u00e1pne rond\n     winia bealdor,      \u00fe\u00e2 se wyrm gebe\u00e1h\n     sn\u00fbde t\u00f4somne:      he on searwum b\u00e2d.\n2570 Gew\u00e2t \u00fe\u00e2 byrnende      gebogen scr\u00ee\u00f0an t\u00f4,\n     gesc\u00eefe scyndan.      Scyld wel gebearg\n     l\u00eefe and l\u00eece      l\u00e4ssan hw\u00eele\n     m\u00e6rum \u00fee\u00f3dne,      \u00feonne his myne s\u00f4hte,\n     \u00fe\u00e6r he \u00fe\u00fd fyrste      forman d\u00f4gore\n2575 wealdan m\u00f4ste,      sw\u00e2 him Wyrd ne gescr\u00e2f\n     hr\u00ea\u00f0 \u00e4t hilde.      Hond up \u00e2br\u00e4d\n     Ge\u00e1ta dryhten,      gryre-f\u00e2hne sl\u00f4h\n     incge l\u00e2fe,      \u00fe\u00e4t si\u00f3 ecg gew\u00e2c\n     br\u00fbn on b\u00e2ne,      b\u00e2t unsw\u00ee\u00f0or,\n2580 \u00feonne his \u00fei\u00f3d-cyning      \u00feearfe h\u00e4fde,\n     bysigum geb\u00e6ded.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s beorges weard\n     \u00e4fter hea\u00f0u-swenge      on hre\u00f3um m\u00f4de,\n     wearp w\u00e4l-f\u00fdre,      w\u00eede sprungon\n     hilde-le\u00f3man:      hr\u00ea\u00f0-sigora ne gealp\n2585 gold-wine Ge\u00e1ta,      g\u00fb\u00f0-bill gesw\u00e2c\n     nacod \u00e4t n\u00ee\u00f0e,      sw\u00e2 hyt n\u00f4 sceolde,\n     \u00eeren \u00e6r-g\u00f4d.      Ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t \u00ea\u00f0e s\u00ee\u00f0,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t se m\u00e6ra      maga Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes\n     grund-wong \u00feone      ofgyfan wolde;\n2590 sceolde wyrmes willan      w\u00eec eardian\n     elles hwergen,      sw\u00e2 sceal \u00e6ghwylc mon\n     \u00e2l\u00e6tan l\u00e6n-dagas.      N\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 long t\u00f4 \u00feon,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 agl\u00e6cean      hy eft gem\u00eatton.\n     Hyrte hyne hord-weard,      hre\u00f0er \u00e6\u00f0me we\u00f3ll,\n2595 niwan stefne:      nearo \u00ferowode\n     f\u00fdre befongen      se \u00fee \u00e6r folce we\u00f3ld.\n     Nealles him on he\u00e1pe      hand-gesteallan,\n     \u00e4\u00f0elinga bearn      ymbe gest\u00f4don\n     hilde-cystum,      ac hy on holt bugon,\n2600 ealdre burgan.      Hiora in \u00e2num we\u00f3ll\n     sefa wi\u00f0 sorgum:      sibb \u00e6fre ne m\u00e4g\n     wiht onwendan,      \u00feam \u00fee wel \u00feence\u00f0.\n\n\nXXXVI. WIGLAF HELPS BE\u00d3WULF IN THE FEUD.\n\n     W\u00eegl\u00e2f w\u00e4s h\u00e2ten      Weoxst\u00e2nes sunu,\n     le\u00f3fl\u00eec lind-wiga,      le\u00f3d Scylfinga,\n2605 m\u00e6g \u00c4lfheres:      geseah his mon-dryhten\n     under here-gr\u00eeman      h\u00e2t \u00ferowian.\n     Gemunde \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e2re,      \u00fee he him \u00e6r forgeaf\n     w\u00eec-stede weligne      W\u00e6gmundinga,\n     folc-rihta gehwylc,      sw\u00e2 his f\u00e4der \u00e2hte;\n2610 ne mihte \u00fe\u00e2 forhabban,      hond rond gef\u00eang,\n     geolwe linde,      gomel swyrd gete\u00e1h,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s mid eldum      E\u00e1nmundes l\u00e2f,\n     suna \u00d4hteres,      \u00feam \u00e4t s\u00e4cce wear\u00f0\n     wracu wine-le\u00e1sum      Weohst\u00e2nes bana\n2615 m\u00eaces ecgum,      and his m\u00e2gum \u00e4tb\u00e4r\n     br\u00fbn-f\u00e2gne helm,      hringde byrnan,\n     eald sweord eotonisc,      \u00fe\u00e4t him Onela forgeaf,\n     his g\u00e4delinges      g\u00fb\u00f0-gew\u00e6du,\n     fyrd-searo f\u00fbsl\u00eec:      n\u00f4 ymbe \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e spr\u00e4c,\n2620 \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee he his br\u00f4\u00f0or      bearn \u00e2bredwade.\n     He fr\u00e4twe gehe\u00f3ld      fela missera,\n     bill and byrnan,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t his byre mihte\n     eorl-scipe efnan,      sw\u00e2 his \u00e6r-f\u00e4der;\n     geaf him \u00fe\u00e2 mid Ge\u00e1tum      g\u00fb\u00f0-gew\u00e6da\n2625 \u00e6ghw\u00e4s unr\u00eem;      \u00fe\u00e2 he of ealdre gew\u00e2t,\n     fr\u00f4d on for\u00f0-weg.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s forma s\u00ee\u00f0\n     geongan cempan,      \u00fe\u00e4t he g\u00fb\u00f0e r\u00e6s\n     mid his fre\u00f3-dryhtne      fremman sceolde;\n     ne gemealt him se m\u00f4d-sefa,      ne his m\u00e6ges l\u00e2f\n2630 gew\u00e2c \u00e4t w\u00eege:      \u00fe\u00e4t se wyrm onfand,\n     sy\u00f0\u00f0an hie t\u00f4g\u00e4dre      geg\u00e2n h\u00e4fdon.\n     W\u00eegl\u00e2f ma\u00f0elode      word-rihta fela,\n     s\u00e4gde ges\u00ee\u00f0um,      him w\u00e4s sefa ge\u00f4mor:\n     \"Ic \u00fe\u00e4t m\u00e6l geman,      \u00fe\u00e6r we medu \u00fe\u00eagun,\n2635 \"\u00feonne we geh\u00eaton      \u00fbssum hl\u00e2forde\n     \"in bi\u00f3r-sele,      \u00fee \u00fbs \u00fe\u00e2s be\u00e1gas geaf,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t we him \u00fe\u00e2 g\u00fb\u00f0-geatwa      gyldan woldon,\n     \"gif him \u00feysl\u00eecu      \u00feearf gelumpe,\n     \"helmas and heard sweord:      \u00fe\u00ea he \u00fbsic on herge gece\u00e1s\n2640 \"t\u00f4 \u00feyssum s\u00ee\u00f0-fate      sylfes willum,\n     \"onmunde \u00fbsic m\u00e6r\u00f0a      and me \u00fe\u00e2s m\u00e2\u00f0mas geaf,\n     \"\u00fe\u00ea he \u00fbsic g\u00e2r-w\u00eegend      g\u00f4de tealde,\n     \"hwate helm-berend,      \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee hl\u00e2ford \u00fbs\n     \"\u00feis ellen-weorc      \u00e2na \u00e2\u00fe\u00f4hte\n2645 \"t\u00f4 gefremmanne,      folces hyrde,\n     \"for\u00feam he manna m\u00e6st      m\u00e6r\u00f0a gefremede,\n     \"d\u00e6da doll\u00eecra.      Nu is se d\u00e4g cumen,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00fbre man-dryhten      m\u00e4genes beh\u00f4fa\u00f0\n     \"g\u00f4dra g\u00fb\u00f0-rinca:      wutun gangan t\u00f4,\n2650 \"helpan hild-fruman,      \u00feenden hyt s\u00fd,\n     \"gl\u00ead-egesa grim!      God w\u00e2t on mec,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t me is micle le\u00f3fre,      \u00fe\u00e4t m\u00eenne l\u00eec-haman\n     \"mid m\u00eenne gold-gyfan      gl\u00ead f\u00e4\u00f0mie.\n     \"Ne \u00feynce\u00f0 me gerysne,      \u00fe\u00e4t we rondas beren\n2655 \"eft t\u00f4 earde,      nemne we \u00e6ror m\u00e6gen\n     \"f\u00e2ne gefyllan,      feorh ealgian\n     \"Wedra \u00fei\u00f3dnes.      Ic w\u00e2t geare,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t n\u00e6ron eald-gewyrht,      \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00e2na scyle\n     \"Ge\u00e1ta dugu\u00f0e      gnorn \u00ferowian,\n2660 \"ges\u00eegan \u00e4t s\u00e4cce:      sceal \u00fbrum \u00fe\u00e4t sweord and helm,\n     \"byrne and byrdu-scr\u00fbd      b\u00e2m gem\u00e6ne.\"\n     W\u00f4d \u00fe\u00e2 \u00feurh \u00feone w\u00e4l-r\u00eac,      w\u00eeg-heafolan b\u00e4r\n     fre\u00e1n on fultum,      fe\u00e1 worda cw\u00e4\u00f0:\n     \"Le\u00f3fa Bi\u00f3wulf,      l\u00e6st eall tela,\n2665 \"sw\u00e2 \u00feu on geogu\u00f0-feore      ge\u00e2ra gecw\u00e6de,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu ne \u00e2l\u00e6te      be \u00fee lifigendum\n     \"d\u00f4m gedre\u00f3san:      scealt nu d\u00e6dum r\u00f4f,\n     \"\u00e4\u00f0eling \u00e2n-hydig,      ealle m\u00e4gene\n     \"feorh ealgian;      ic \u00fee full\u00e6stu!\"\n2670 \u00c4fter \u00fe\u00e2m wordum      wyrm yrre cwom,\n     atol inwit-g\u00e4st      \u00f4\u00f0re s\u00ee\u00f0e,\n     f\u00fdr-wylmum f\u00e2h      fi\u00f3nda ni\u00f3san,\n     l\u00e2\u00f0ra manna;      l\u00eeg-\u00fd\u00f0um forborn\n     bord wi\u00f0 ronde:      byrne ne meahte\n2675 geongum g\u00e2r-wigan      ge\u00f3ce gefremman:\n     ac se maga geonga      under his m\u00e6ges scyld\n     elne geeode,      \u00fe\u00e2 his \u00e2gen w\u00e4s\n     gl\u00eadum forgrunden.      \u00de\u00e2 gen g\u00fb\u00f0-cyning\n     m\u00e6r\u00f0a gemunde,      m\u00e4gen-strengo,\n2680 sl\u00f4h hilde-bille,      \u00fe\u00e4t hyt on heafolan st\u00f4d\n     n\u00ee\u00f0e gen\u00fdded:      N\u00e4gling forb\u00e4rst,\n     gesw\u00e2c \u00e4t s\u00e4cce      sweord Bi\u00f3wulfes\n     gomol and gr\u00e6g-m\u00e6l.      Him \u00fe\u00e4t gife\u00f0e ne w\u00e4s,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t him \u00eerenna      ecge mihton\n2685 helpan \u00e4t hilde;      w\u00e4s si\u00f3 hond t\u00f4 strong,\n     se \u00fee m\u00eaca gehwane      m\u00eene gefr\u00e6ge\n     swenge ofers\u00f4hte,      \u00feonne he t\u00f4 s\u00e4cce b\u00e4r\n     w\u00e6pen wundrum heard,      n\u00e4s him wihte \u00fe\u00ea s\u00eal.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s \u00fee\u00f3d-scea\u00f0a      \u00feriddan s\u00ee\u00f0e,\n2690 fr\u00eacne f\u00fdr-draca      f\u00e6h\u00f0a gemyndig,\n     r\u00e6sde on \u00feone r\u00f4fan,      \u00fe\u00e2 him r\u00fbm \u00e2geald,\n     h\u00e2t and hea\u00f0o-grim,      heals ealne ymbef\u00eang\n     biteran b\u00e2num;      he gebl\u00f4degod wear\u00f0\n     s\u00e2wul-dri\u00f3re;      sw\u00e2t \u00fd\u00f0um we\u00f3ll.\n\n\nXXXVII. BE\u00d3WULF WOUNDED TO DEATH.\n\n2695 \u00de\u00e2 ic \u00e4t \u00feearfe gefr\u00e4gn      \u00fee\u00f3d-cyninges\n     and-longne eorl      ellen c\u00fd\u00f0an,\n     cr\u00e4ft and c\u00ean\u00f0u,      sw\u00e2 him gecynde w\u00e4s;\n     ne h\u00eadde he \u00fe\u00e4s heafolan,      ac si\u00f3 hand gebarn\n     m\u00f4diges mannes,      \u00fe\u00e6r he his m\u00e6ges healp,\n2700 \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feone n\u00ee\u00f0-g\u00e4st      nio\u00f0or hw\u00eane sl\u00f4h,\n     secg on searwum,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4t sweord gede\u00e1f\n     f\u00e2h and f\u00e4ted,      \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4t f\u00fdr ongon\n     swe\u00f0rian sy\u00f0\u00f0an.      \u00de\u00e2 gen sylf cyning\n     gewe\u00f3ld his gewitte,      w\u00e4ll-seaxe gebr\u00e4d,\n2705 biter and beadu-scearp,      \u00fe\u00e4t he on byrnan w\u00e4g:\n     forwr\u00e2t Wedra helm       wyrm on middan.\n     Fe\u00f3nd gefyldan      (ferh ellen wr\u00e4c),\n     and hi hyne \u00fe\u00e2 begen      \u00e2broten h\u00e4fdon,\n     sib-\u00e4\u00f0elingas:      swylc sceolde secg wesan,\n2710 \u00feegn \u00e4t \u00feearfe.      \u00de\u00e4t \u00feam \u00fee\u00f3dne w\u00e4s\n     s\u00ee\u00f0ast s\u00eege-hw\u00eele      sylfes d\u00e6dum,\n     worlde geweorces.      \u00de\u00e2 si\u00f3 wund ongon,\n     \u00fee him se eor\u00f0-draca      \u00e6r geworhte,\n     sw\u00ealan and swellan.      He \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00f4na onfand,\n2715 \u00fe\u00e4t him on bre\u00f3stum      bealo-n\u00ee\u00f0 we\u00f3ll,\n     \u00e2ttor on innan.      \u00de\u00e2 se \u00e4\u00f0eling gi\u00f3ng,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he b\u00ee wealle,      w\u00ees-hycgende,\n     ges\u00e4t on sesse;      seah on enta geweorc,\n     h\u00fb \u00fe\u00e2 st\u00e2n-bogan      stapulum f\u00e4ste\n2720 \u00eace eor\u00f0-reced      innan he\u00f3ldon.\n     Hyne \u00fe\u00e2 mid handa      heoro-dre\u00f3rigne\n     \u00fee\u00f3den m\u00e6rne      \u00feegn ungemete till,\n     wine-dryhten his      w\u00e4tere gelafede,\n     hilde-s\u00e4dne      and his helm onspe\u00f3n.\n2725 Bi\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,      he ofer benne spr\u00e4c,\n     wunde w\u00e4l-ble\u00e1te      (wisse he gearwe,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he d\u00e4g-hw\u00eela      gedrogen h\u00e4fde\n     eor\u00f0an wynne;      \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s eall sceacen\n     d\u00f4gor-ger\u00eemes,      de\u00e1\u00f0 ungemete ne\u00e1h):\n2730 \"Nu ic suna m\u00eenum      syllan wolde\n     \"g\u00fb\u00f0-gew\u00e6du,      \u00fe\u00e6r me gife\u00f0e sw\u00e2\n     \"\u00e6nig yrfe-weard      \u00e4fter wurde,\n     \"l\u00eece gelenge.      Ic \u00fe\u00e2s le\u00f3de he\u00f3ld\n     \"f\u00eeftig wintra:      n\u00e4s se folc-cyning\n2735 \"ymbe-sittendra      \u00e6nig \u00fe\u00e2ra,\n     \"\u00fee mec g\u00fb\u00f0-winum      gr\u00eatan dorste,\n     \"egesan \u00fee\u00f3n.      Ic on earde b\u00e2d\n     \"m\u00e6l-gesceafta,      he\u00f3ld m\u00een tela,\n     \"ne s\u00f4hte searo-n\u00ee\u00f0as,      ne me sw\u00f4r fela\n2740 \"\u00e2\u00f0a on unriht.      Ic \u00fe\u00e4s ealles m\u00e4g,\n     \"feorh-bennum se\u00f3c,      gefe\u00e1n habban:\n     \"for\u00feam me w\u00eetan ne \u00feearf      waldend fira\n     \"mor\u00f0or-bealo m\u00e2ga,      \u00feonne m\u00een sceace\u00f0\n     \"l\u00eef of l\u00eece.      Nu \u00feu lungre\n2745 \"geong, hord sce\u00e1wian      under h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n,\n     \"W\u00eegl\u00e2f le\u00f3fa,      nu se wyrm lige\u00f0,\n     \"swefe\u00f0 s\u00e2re wund,      since bere\u00e1fod.\n     \"Bi\u00f3 nu on \u00f4foste,      \u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00e6r-welan,\n     \"gold-\u00e6ht ongite,      gearo sce\u00e1wige\n2750 \"swegle searo-gimmas,      \u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00fe\u00fd s\u00eaft m\u00e6ge\n     \"\u00e4fter m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-welan      m\u00een \u00e2l\u00e6tan\n     \"l\u00eef and le\u00f3d-scipe,      \u00feone ic longe he\u00f3ld.\"\n\n\nXXXVIII. THE JEWEL-HOARD. THE PASSING OF BEOWULF.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 ic sn\u00fbde gefr\u00e4gn      sunu Wihst\u00e2nes\n     \u00e4fter word-cwydum      wundum dryhtne\n2755 h\u00fdran hea\u00f0o-si\u00f3cum,      hring-net beran,\n     brogdne beadu-sercean      under beorges hr\u00f4f.\n     Geseah \u00fe\u00e2 sige-hr\u00ea\u00f0ig,      \u00fe\u00e2 he b\u00ee sesse ge\u00f3ng,\n     mago-\u00feegn m\u00f4dig      m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-sigla fela,\n     gold glitinian      grunde getenge,\n2760 wundur on wealle      and \u00fe\u00e4s wyrmes denn,\n     ealdes uht-flogan,      orcas stondan,\n     fyrn-manna fatu      feormend-le\u00e1se,\n     hyrstum behrorene:      \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s helm monig,\n     eald and \u00f4mig,      earm-be\u00e1ga fela,\n2765 searwum ges\u00e6led.      Sinc e\u00e1\u00f0e m\u00e4g,\n     gold on grunde,      gumena cynnes\n     gehwone ofer-higian,      h\u00fdde se \u00fee wylle!\n     Swylce he siomian geseah      segn eall-gylden\n     he\u00e1h ofer horde,      hond-wundra m\u00e6st,\n2770 gelocen leo\u00f0o-cr\u00e4ftum:      of \u00feam le\u00f3ma st\u00f4d,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feone grund-wong      ongitan meahte,\n     wr\u00e4te giond-wl\u00eetan.      N\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4s wyrmes \u00fe\u00e6r\n     ons\u00fdn \u00e6nig,      ac hyne ecg fornam.\n     \u00de\u00e2 ic on hl\u00e6we      gefr\u00e4gn hord re\u00e1fian,\n2775 eald enta geweorc      \u00e2nne mannan,\n     him on bearm hladan      bunan and discas\n     sylfes d\u00f4me,      segn e\u00e1c genom,\n     be\u00e1cna beorhtost;      bill \u00e6r-gesc\u00f4d\n     (ecg w\u00e4s \u00eeren)      eald-hl\u00e2fordes\n2780 \u00feam \u00fe\u00e2ra m\u00e2\u00f0ma      mund-bora w\u00e4s\n     longe hw\u00eele,      l\u00eeg-egesan w\u00e4g\n     h\u00e2tne for horde,      hioro-weallende,\n     middel-nihtum,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t he mor\u00f0re swealt.\n     \u00c2r w\u00e4s on \u00f4foste      eft-s\u00ee\u00f0es georn,\n2785 fr\u00e4twum gefyr\u00f0red:      hyne fyrwet br\u00e4c,\n     hw\u00e4\u00f0er collen-fer\u00f0      cwicne gem\u00eatte\n     in \u00feam wong-stede      Wedra \u00fee\u00f3den,\n     ellen-si\u00f3cne,      \u00fe\u00e6r he hine \u00e6r forl\u00eat.\n     He \u00fe\u00e2 mid \u00fe\u00e2m m\u00e2\u00f0mum      m\u00e6rne \u00fei\u00f3den,\n2790 dryhten s\u00eenne      dri\u00f3rigne fand\n     ealdres \u00e4t ende:      he hine eft ongon\n     w\u00e4teres weorpan,      \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t wordes ord\n     bre\u00f3st-hord \u00feurhbr\u00e4c.      Be\u00f3wulf ma\u00f0elode,\n     gomel on gioh\u00f0e      (gold sce\u00e1wode):\n2795 \"Ic \u00fe\u00e2ra fr\u00e4twa      fre\u00e1n ealles \u00feanc\n     \"wuldur-cyninge      wordum secge,\n     \"\u00eacum dryhtne,      \u00fee ic her on starie,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee ic m\u00f4ste      m\u00eenum le\u00f3dum\n     \"\u00e6r swylt-d\u00e4ge      swylc gestr\u00fdnan.\n2800 \"Nu ic on m\u00e2\u00f0ma hord      m\u00eene bebohte\n     \"fr\u00f4de feorh-lege,      fremma\u00f0 ge nu\n     \"le\u00f3da \u00feearfe;      ne m\u00e4g ic her leng wesan.\n     \"H\u00e2ta\u00f0 hea\u00f0o-m\u00e6re      hl\u00e6w gewyrcean,\n     \"beorhtne \u00e4fter b\u00e6le      \u00e4t brimes nosan;\n2805 \"se scel t\u00f4 gemyndum      m\u00eenum le\u00f3dum\n     \"he\u00e1h hlifian      on Hrones n\u00e4sse,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t hit s\u00e6-l\u00ee\u00f0end      sy\u00f0\u00f0an h\u00e2tan\n     \"Bi\u00f3wulfes biorh,      \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fee brentingas\n     \"ofer fl\u00f4da genipu      feorran dr\u00eefa\u00f0.\"\n2810 Dyde him of healse      hring gyldenne\n     \u00fei\u00f3den \u00fer\u00eest-hydig,      \u00feegne gesealde,\n     geongum g\u00e2r-wigan,      gold-f\u00e2hne helm,\n     be\u00e1h and byrnan,      h\u00eat hyne br\u00fbcan well:\n     \"\u00deu eart ende-l\u00e2f      \u00fbsses cynnes,\n2815 \"W\u00e6gmundinga;      ealle Wyrd forswe\u00f3f,\n     \"m\u00eene m\u00e2gas      t\u00f4 metod-sceafte,\n     \"eorlas on elne:      ic him \u00e4fter sceal.\"\n     \u00de\u00e4t w\u00e4s \u00feam gomelan      gingeste word\n     bre\u00f3st-gehygdum,      \u00e6r he b\u00e6l cure,\n2820 h\u00e2te hea\u00f0o-wylmas:      him of hre\u00f0re gew\u00e2t\n     s\u00e2wol s\u00eacean      s\u00f4\u00f0-f\u00e4stra d\u00f4m.\n\n\nXXXIX. THE COWARD-THANES.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s gegongen      guman unfr\u00f4dum\n     earfo\u00f0l\u00eece,      \u00fe\u00e4t he on eor\u00f0an geseah\n     \u00feone le\u00f3festan      l\u00eefes \u00e4t ende\n2825 ble\u00e1te geb\u00e6ran.      Bona swylce l\u00e4g,\n     egesl\u00eec eor\u00f0-draca,      ealdre bere\u00e1fod,\n     bealwe geb\u00e6ded:      be\u00e1h-hordum leng\n     wyrm woh-bogen      wealdan ne m\u00f4ste,\n     ac him \u00eerenna      ecga forn\u00e2mon,\n2830 hearde hea\u00f0o-scearpe      homera l\u00e2fe,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t se w\u00eed-floga      wundum stille\n     hre\u00e1s on hrusan      hord-\u00e4rne ne\u00e1h,\n     nalles \u00e4fter lyfte      l\u00e2cende hwearf\n     middel-nihtum,      m\u00e2\u00f0m-\u00e6hta wlonc\n2835 ans\u00fdn \u00fdwde:      ac he eor\u00f0an gefe\u00f3ll\n     for \u00fe\u00e4s hild-fruman      hond-geweorce.\n     H\u00fbru \u00fe\u00e4t on lande      lyt manna \u00fe\u00e2h\n     m\u00e4gen-\u00e2gendra      m\u00eene gefr\u00e6ge,\n     \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee he d\u00e6da gehw\u00e4s      dyrstig w\u00e6re,\n2840 \u00fe\u00e4t he wi\u00f0 \u00e2ttor-scea\u00f0an      ore\u00f0e ger\u00e6sde,\n     o\u00f0\u00f0e hring-sele      hondum styrede,\n     gif he w\u00e4ccende      weard onfunde\n     b\u00fban on beorge.      Bi\u00f3wulfe wear\u00f0\n     dryht-m\u00e2\u00f0ma d\u00e6l      de\u00e1\u00f0e forgolden;\n2845 h\u00e4fde \u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0er      ende gef\u00eared\n     l\u00e6nan l\u00eefes.      N\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 lang t\u00f4 \u00feon,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 hild-latan      holt ofg\u00eafan,\n     tydre tre\u00f3w-logan      tyne \u00e4tsomne,\n     \u00fe\u00e2 ne dorston \u00e6r      dare\u00f0um l\u00e2can\n2850 on hyra man-dryhtnes      miclan \u00feearfe;\n     ac hy scamiende      scyldas b\u00e6ran,\n     g\u00fb\u00f0-gew\u00e6du,      \u00fe\u00e6r se gomela l\u00e4g:\n     wlitan on W\u00eegl\u00e2f.      He gew\u00eargad s\u00e4t,\n     f\u00ea\u00f0e-cempa      fre\u00e1n eaxlum ne\u00e1h,\n2855 wehte hyne w\u00e4tre;      him wiht ne spe\u00f3w;\n     ne meahte he on eor\u00f0an,      \u00fee\u00e1h he \u00fb\u00f0e wel,\n     on \u00feam frum-g\u00e2re      feorh gehealdan,\n     ne \u00fe\u00e4s wealdendes willan      wiht oncirran;\n     wolde d\u00f4m godes      d\u00e6dum r\u00e6dan\n2860 gumena gehwylcum,      sw\u00e2 he nu gen d\u00ea\u00f0.\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s \u00e4t \u00feam geongan      grim andswaru\n     \u00ea\u00f0-beg\u00eate \u00fe\u00e2m \u00fee \u00e6r      his elne forle\u00e1s.\n     W\u00eegl\u00e2f ma\u00f0elode,      Weohst\u00e2nes sunu,\n     secg s\u00e2rig-fer\u00f0      seah on unle\u00f3fe:\n2865 \"\u00de\u00e4t l\u00e2 m\u00e4g secgan,      se \u00fee wyle s\u00f4\u00f0 sprecan,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t se mon-dryhten,      se e\u00f3w \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e2\u00f0mas geaf,\n     \"e\u00f3red-geatwe,      \u00fee ge \u00fe\u00e6r on standa\u00f0,\n     \"\u00feonne he on ealu-bence      oft gesealde\n     \"heal-sittendum      helm and byrnan,\n2870 \"\u00fee\u00f3den his \u00feegnum,      swylce he \u00fery\u00f0l\u00eecost\n     \"\u00f4hw\u00e6r feor o\u00f0\u00f0e ne\u00e1h      findan meahte,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t he genunga      g\u00fb\u00f0-gew\u00e6du\n     \"wr\u00e2\u00f0e forwurpe.      \u00de\u00e2 hyne w\u00eeg beget,\n     \"nealles folc-cyning      fyrd-gesteallum\n2875 \"gylpan \u00feorfte;      hw\u00e4\u00f0re him god \u00fb\u00f0e,\n     \"sigora waldend,      \u00fe\u00e4t he hyne sylfne gewr\u00e4c\n     \"\u00e2na mid ecge,      \u00fe\u00e2 him w\u00e4s elnes \u00feearf,\n     \"Ic him l\u00eef-wra\u00f0e      lytle meahte\n     \"\u00e4tgifan \u00e4t g\u00fb\u00f0e      and ongan sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h\n2880 \"ofer m\u00een gemet      m\u00e6ges helpan:\n     \"symle w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00fd s\u00e6mra,      \u00feonne ic sweorde drep\n     \"ferh\u00f0-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan,      f\u00fdr unsw\u00ee\u00f0or\n     \"we\u00f3ll of gewitte.      Wergendra t\u00f4 lyt\n     \"\u00ferong ymbe \u00fee\u00f3den,      \u00fe\u00e2 hyne si\u00f3 \u00ferag becwom.\n2885 \"Nu sceal sinc-\u00feego      and swyrd-gifu\n     \"eall \u00ea\u00f0el-wyn      e\u00f3wrum cynne,\n     \"lufen \u00e2licgean:      lond-rihtes m\u00f4t\n     \"\u00fe\u00e6re m\u00e6g-burge      monna \u00e6ghwylc\n     \"\u00eedel hweorfan,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e4\u00f0elingas\n2890 \"feorran gefricgean      fle\u00e1m e\u00f3werne,\n     \"d\u00f4m-le\u00e1san d\u00e6d.      De\u00e1\u00f0 bi\u00f0 s\u00ealla\n     \"eorla gehwylcum      \u00feonne edw\u00eet-l\u00eef!\"\n\n\nXL. THE SOLDIER'S DIRGE AND PROPHECY.\n\n     H\u00eaht \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t hea\u00f0o-weorc      t\u00f4 hagan bi\u00f3dan\n     up ofer \u00eag-clif,      \u00fe\u00e6r \u00fe\u00e4t eorl-weorod\n2895 morgen-longne d\u00e4g      m\u00f4d-gi\u00f4mor s\u00e4t,\n     bord-h\u00e4bbende,      bega on w\u00eanum\n     ende-d\u00f4gores      and eft-cymes\n     le\u00f3fes monnes.      Lyt sw\u00eegode\n     niwra spella,      se \u00fee n\u00e4s ger\u00e2d,\n2900 ac he s\u00f4\u00f0l\u00eece      s\u00e4gde ofer ealle;\n     \"Nu is wil-geofa      Wedra le\u00f3da,\n     \"dryhten Ge\u00e1ta      de\u00e1\u00f0-bedde f\u00e4st,\n     \"wuna\u00f0 w\u00e4l-reste      wyrmes d\u00e6dum;\n     \"him on efn lige\u00f0      ealdor-gewinna,\n2905 \"siex-bennum se\u00f3c:      sweorde ne meahte\n     \"on \u00feam agl\u00e6cean      \u00e6nige \u00feinga\n     \"wunde gewyrcean.      W\u00eegl\u00e2f site\u00f0\n     \"ofer Bi\u00f3wulfe,      byre Wihst\u00e2nes,\n     \"eorl ofer \u00f4\u00f0rum      unlifigendum,\n2910 \"healde\u00f0 hige-m\u00ea\u00f0um      he\u00e1fod-wearde\n     \"le\u00f3fes and l\u00e2\u00f0es.      Nu ys le\u00f3dum w\u00ean\n     \"orleg-hw\u00eele,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an underne\n     \"Froncum and Frysum      fyll cyninges\n     \"w\u00eede weor\u00f0e\u00f0.      W\u00e4s si\u00f3 wr\u00f4ht scepen\n2915 \"heard wi\u00f0 H\u00fbgas,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an Higel\u00e2c cwom\n     \"faran flot-herge      on Fresna land,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e6r hyne Hetware      hilde gehn\u00e6gdon,\n     \"elne geeodon      mid ofer-m\u00e4gene,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t se byrn-w\u00eega      b\u00fbgan sceolde,\n2920 \"fe\u00f3ll on f\u00ea\u00f0an:      nalles fr\u00e4twe geaf\n     \"ealdor dugo\u00f0e;      \u00fbs w\u00e4s \u00e2 sy\u00f0\u00f0an\n     \"Merewioinga      milts ungyfe\u00f0e.\n     \"Ne ic t\u00f4 Swe\u00f3-\u00fee\u00f3de      sibbe o\u00f0\u00f0e tre\u00f3we\n     \"wihte ne w\u00eane;      ac w\u00e4s w\u00eede c\u00fb\u00f0,\n2925 \"\u00fe\u00e4tte Ongen\u00fei\u00f3      ealdre besny\u00f0ede\n     \"H\u00e6\u00f0cyn Hr\u00ea\u00f0ling      wi\u00f0 Hrefna-wudu,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e2 for on-m\u00eadlan      \u00e6rest ges\u00f4hton\n     \"Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de      G\u00fb\u00f0-scilfingas.\n     \"S\u00f4na him se fr\u00f4da      f\u00e4der \u00d4htheres,\n2930 \"eald and eges-full      ond-slyht \u00e2geaf,\n     \"\u00e2bre\u00f3t brim-w\u00eesan,      br\u00fdd \u00e2he\u00f3rde,\n     \"gomela i\u00f3-meowlan      golde berofene,\n     \"Onelan m\u00f4dor      and \u00d4htheres,\n     \"and \u00fe\u00e2 folgode      feorh-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan\n2935 \"\u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t h\u00ee \u00f4\u00f0eodon      earfo\u00f0l\u00eece\n     \"in Hrefnes-holt      hl\u00e2ford-le\u00e1se.\n     \"Bes\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 sin-herge      sweorda l\u00e2fe\n     \"wundum w\u00earge,      we\u00e1n oft geh\u00eat\n     \"earmre teohhe      andlonge niht:\n2940 \"cw\u00e4\u00f0 he on mergenne      m\u00eaces ecgum\n     \"getan wolde,      sume on galg-tre\u00f3wum\n     \"fuglum t\u00f4 gamene.      Fr\u00f4for eft gelamp\n     \"s\u00e2rig-m\u00f4dum      somod \u00e6r-d\u00e4ge,\n     \"sy\u00f0\u00f0an hie Hygel\u00e2ces      horn and b\u00fdman\n2945 \"gealdor onge\u00e2ton.      \u00de\u00e2 se g\u00f4da com\n     \"le\u00f3da dugo\u00f0e      on l\u00e2st faran.\n\n\nXLI. HE TELLS OF THE SWEDES AND THE GEATAS.\n\n     \"W\u00e4s si\u00f3 sw\u00e2t-swa\u00f0u      Sweona and Ge\u00e1ta,\n     \"w\u00e4l-r\u00e6s wera      w\u00eede ges\u00fdne,\n     \"h\u00fb \u00fe\u00e2 folc mid him      f\u00e6h\u00f0e t\u00f4wehton.\n2950 \"Gew\u00e2t him \u00fe\u00e2 se g\u00f4da      mid his g\u00e4delingum,\n     \"fr\u00f4d fela ge\u00f4mor      f\u00e4sten s\u00eacean,\n     \"eorl Ongen\u00fei\u00f3      ufor oncirde;\n     \"h\u00e4fde Higel\u00e2ces      hilde gefrunen,\n     \"wlonces w\u00eeg-cr\u00e4ft,      wi\u00f0res ne tr\u00fbwode,\n2955 \"\u00fe\u00e4t he s\u00e6-mannum      onsacan mihte,\n     \"he\u00e1\u00f0o-l\u00ee\u00f0endum      hord forstandan,\n     \"bearn and br\u00fdde;      be\u00e1h eft \u00feonan\n     \"eald under eor\u00f0-weall.      \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s \u00e6ht boden\n     \"Sweona le\u00f3dum,      segn Higel\u00e2ce.\n2960 \"Freo\u00f0o-wong \u00feone      for\u00f0 ofereodon,\n     \"sy\u00f0\u00f0an Hr\u00ea\u00f0lingas      t\u00f4 hagan \u00ferungon.\n     \"\u00de\u00e6r wear\u00f0 Ongen\u00fei\u00f3      ecgum sweorda,\n     \"blonden-fexa      on b\u00eed wrecen,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t se \u00fee\u00f3d-cyning      \u00feafian sceolde\n2965 \"Eofores \u00e2nne d\u00f4m:      hyne yrringa\n     \"Wulf Wonr\u00eading      w\u00e6pne ger\u00e6hte,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t him for swenge      sw\u00e2t \u00e6drum sprong\n     \"for\u00f0 under fexe.      N\u00e4s he forht sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00eah,\n     \"gomela Scilfing,      ac forgeald hra\u00f0e\n2970 \"wyrsan wrixle      w\u00e4l-hlem \u00feone,\n     \"sy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00fee\u00f3d-cyning      \u00feyder oncirde:\n     \"ne meahte se snella      sunu Wonr\u00eades\n     \"ealdum ceorle      ond-slyht giofan,\n     \"ac he him on he\u00e1fde      helm \u00e6r gescer,\n2975 \"\u00fe\u00e4t he bl\u00f4de f\u00e2h      b\u00fbgan sceolde,\n     \"fe\u00f3ll on foldan;      n\u00e4s he f\u00e6ge \u00fe\u00e2 git,\n     \"ac he hyne gewyrpte,      \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee him wund hr\u00eene,\n     \"L\u00eat se hearda      Higel\u00e2ces \u00feegn\n     \"br\u00e2dne m\u00eace,      \u00fe\u00e2 his br\u00f4\u00f0or l\u00e4g,\n2980 \"eald sweord eotonisc,      entiscne helm,\n     \"brecan ofer bord-weal:      \u00fe\u00e2 gebe\u00e1h cyning,\n     \"folces hyrde,      w\u00e4s in feorh dropen.\n     \"\u00de\u00e2 w\u00e6ron monige,      \u00fee his m\u00e6g wri\u00f0on,\n     \"ricone \u00e2r\u00e6rdon,      \u00fe\u00e2 him ger\u00fdmed wear\u00f0,\n2985 \"\u00fe\u00e4t hie w\u00e4l-st\u00f4we      wealdan m\u00f4ston.\n     \"\u00deenden re\u00e1fode      rinc \u00f4\u00f0erne,\n     \"nam on Ongen\u00fei\u00f3      \u00eeren-byrnan,\n     \"heard swyrd hilted      and his helm somod;\n     \"h\u00e2res hyrste      Higel\u00e2ce b\u00e4r.\n2990 \"He \u00fe\u00e2m fr\u00e4twum f\u00eang      and him f\u00e4gre geh\u00eat\n     \"le\u00e1na fore le\u00f3dum      and gel\u00e6ste sw\u00e2:\n     \"geald \u00feone g\u00fb\u00f0-r\u00e6s      Ge\u00e1ta dryhten,\n     \"Hr\u00ea\u00f0les eafora,      \u00fe\u00e2 he t\u00f4 h\u00e2m becom,\n     \"Jofore and Wulfe      mid ofer-m\u00e2\u00f0mum,\n2995 \"sealde hiora gehw\u00e4\u00f0rum      hund \u00fe\u00fbsenda\n     \"landes and locenra be\u00e1ga;      ne \u00feorfte him \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00e1n \u00f4\u00f0w\u00eetan\n     \"mon on middan-gearde,      sy\u00f0\u00f0an hie \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e6r\u00f0a gesl\u00f4gon;\n     \"and \u00fe\u00e2 Jofore forgeaf      \u00e2ngan d\u00f4htor,\n     \"h\u00e2m-weor\u00f0unge,      hyldo t\u00f4 wedde.\n3000 \"\u00de\u00e4t ys si\u00f3 f\u00e6h\u00f0o      and se fe\u00f3nd-scipe,\n     \"w\u00e4l-n\u00ee\u00f0 wera,      \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee ic w\u00ean hafo,\n     \"\u00fee \u00fbs s\u00eacea\u00f0 t\u00f4      Sweona le\u00f3de,\n     \"sy\u00f0\u00f0an hie gefricgea\u00f0      fre\u00e1n \u00fbserne\n     \"ealdor-le\u00e1sne,      \u00feone \u00fee \u00e6r gehe\u00f3ld\n3005 \"wi\u00f0 hettendum      hord and r\u00eece,\n     \"\u00e4fter h\u00e4le\u00f0a hryre      hwate Scylfingas,\n     \"folc-r\u00e6d fremede      o\u00f0\u00f0e fur\u00f0ur gen\n     \"eorl-scipe efnde.      Nu is \u00f4fost betost,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t we \u00fee\u00f3d-cyning      \u00fe\u00e6r sce\u00e1wian\n3010 \"and \u00feone gebringan,      \u00fee \u00fbs be\u00e1gas geaf,\n     \"on \u00e2d-f\u00e4re.      Ne scel \u00e2nes hw\u00e4t\n     \"meltan mid \u00feam m\u00f4digan,      ac \u00fe\u00e6r is m\u00e2\u00f0ma hord.\n     \"gold unr\u00eeme      grimme gece\u00e1pod\n     \"and nu \u00e4t s\u00ee\u00f0estan      sylfes feore\n3015 \"be\u00e1gas gebohte;      \u00fe\u00e2 sceal brond fretan,\n     \"\u00e4led \u00feeccean,      nalles eorl wegan\n     \"m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um t\u00f4 gemyndum,      ne m\u00e4g\u00f0 sc\u00fdne\n     \"habban on healse      hring-weor\u00f0unge,\n     \"ac sceall ge\u00f4mor-m\u00f4d      golde bere\u00e1fod\n3020 \"oft nalles \u00e6ne      el-land tredan,\n     \"nu se here-w\u00eesa      hleahtor \u00e2legde,\n     \"gamen and gle\u00f3-dre\u00e1m.      For\u00feon sceall g\u00e2r wesan\n     \"monig morgen-ceald      mundum bewunden,\n     \"h\u00e4fen on handa,      nalles hearpan sw\u00eag\n3025 \"w\u00eegend weccean,      ac se wonna hrefn\n     \"f\u00fbs ofer f\u00e6gum,      fela reordian,\n     \"earne secgan,      h\u00fb him \u00e4t \u00e6te spe\u00f3w,\n     \"\u00feenden he wi\u00f0 wulf      w\u00e4l re\u00e1fode.\"\n     Sw\u00e2 se secg hwata      secgende w\u00e4s\n3030 l\u00e2\u00f0ra spella;      he ne le\u00e1g fela\n     wyrda ne worda.      Weorod eall \u00e2r\u00e2s,\n     eodon unbl\u00ee\u00f0e      under Earna n\u00e4s\n     wollen-te\u00e1re      wundur sce\u00e1wian.\n     Fundon \u00fe\u00e2 on sande      s\u00e2wul-le\u00e1sne\n3035 hlim-bed healdan,      \u00feone \u00fee him hringas geaf\n     \u00e6rran m\u00e6lum:      \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s ende-d\u00e4g\n     g\u00f4dum gegongen,      \u00fe\u00e4t se g\u00fb\u00f0-cyning,\n     Wedra \u00fee\u00f3den,      wundor-de\u00e1\u00f0e swealt.\n     \u00c6r h\u00ee ges\u00eagan      syll\u00eecran wiht,\n3040 wyrm on wonge      wi\u00f0er-r\u00e4htes \u00fe\u00e6r\n     l\u00e2\u00f0ne licgean:      w\u00e4s se l\u00eag-draca,\n     griml\u00eec gryre-g\u00e4st,      gl\u00eadum besw\u00e6led,\n     se w\u00e4s f\u00eeftiges      f\u00f4t-gemearces.\n     lang on legere,      lyft-wynne he\u00f3ld\n3045 nihtes hw\u00eelum,      ny\u00f0er eft gew\u00e2t\n     dennes ni\u00f3sian;      w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 de\u00e1\u00f0e f\u00e4st,\n     h\u00e4fde eor\u00f0-scrafa      ende genyttod.\n     Him big st\u00f4dan      bunan and orcas,\n     discas l\u00e2gon      and d\u00fdre swyrd,\n3050 \u00f4mige \u00feurh-etone,      sw\u00e2 hie wi\u00f0 eor\u00f0an f\u00e4\u00f0m\n     \u00fe\u00fbsend wintra      \u00fe\u00e6r eardodon:\n     \u00feonne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t yrfe      e\u00e1cen-cr\u00e4ftig,\n     i\u00fa-monna gold      galdre bewunden,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feam hring-sele      hr\u00eenan ne m\u00f4ste\n3055 gumena \u00e6nig,      nefne god sylfa,\n     sigora s\u00f4\u00f0-cyning,      sealde \u00feam \u00fee he wolde\n     (he is manna gehyld)      hord openian,\n     efne sw\u00e2 hwylcum manna,      sw\u00e2 him gemet \u00fe\u00fbhte.\n\n\nXLII. W\u00ceGLAF SPEAKS. THE BUILDING OF THE BALE-FIRE.\n\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s ges\u00fdne,      \u00fe\u00e4t se s\u00ee\u00f0 ne \u00fe\u00e2h\n3060 \u00feam \u00fee unrihte      inne geh\u00fddde\n     wr\u00e4te under wealle.      Weard \u00e6r ofsl\u00f4h\n     fe\u00e1ra sumne;      \u00fe\u00e2 si\u00f3 f\u00e6h\u00f0 gewear\u00f0\n     gewrecen wr\u00e2\u00f0l\u00eece.      Wundur hw\u00e2r, \u00feonne\n     eorl ellen-r\u00f4f      ende gef\u00eare\n3065 l\u00eef-gesceafta,      \u00feonne leng ne m\u00e4g\n     mon mid his m\u00e2gum      medu-seld b\u00fban.\n     Sw\u00e2 w\u00e4s Bi\u00f3wulfe,      \u00fe\u00e2 he biorges weard\n     s\u00f4hte, searo-n\u00ee\u00f0as:      seolfa ne c\u00fb\u00f0e,\n     \u00feurh hw\u00e4t his worulde ged\u00e2l      weor\u00f0an sceolde;\n3070 sw\u00e2 hit \u00f4\u00f0 d\u00f4mes d\u00e4g      di\u00f3pe benemdon\n     \u00fee\u00f3dnas m\u00e6re,      \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6r dydon,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t se secg w\u00e6re      synnum scildig,\n     hergum gehea\u00f0erod,      hell-bendum f\u00e4st,\n     wommum gewitnad,      se \u00feone wong str\u00e2de.\n3075 N\u00e4s he gold-hw\u00e4t:      gearwor h\u00e4fde\n     \u00e2gendes \u00east      \u00e6r gesce\u00e1wod.\n     W\u00eegl\u00e2f ma\u00f0elode,      Wihst\u00e2nes sunu:\n     \"Oft sceall eorl monig      \u00e2nes willan\n     \"wr\u00e6c \u00e2dre\u00f3gan,      sw\u00e2 \u00fbs geworden is.\n3080 \"Ne meahton we gel\u00e6ran      le\u00f3fne \u00fee\u00f3den,\n     \"r\u00eeces hyrde      r\u00e6d \u00e6nigne,\n     \"\u00fe\u00e4t he ne gr\u00eatte      gold-weard \u00feone,\n     \"l\u00eate hyne licgean,      \u00fe\u00e6r he longe w\u00e4s,\n     \"w\u00eecum wunian      \u00f4\u00f0 woruld-ende.\n3085 \"He\u00f3ldon he\u00e1h gesceap:      hord ys gesce\u00e1wod,\n     \"grimme gegongen;      w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t gife\u00f0e t\u00f4 sw\u00ee\u00f0,\n     \"\u00fee \u00feone \u00fee\u00f3den      \u00feyder ontyhte.\n     \"Ic w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e6r inne      and \u00fe\u00e4t eall geond-seh,\n     \"recedes geatwa,      \u00fe\u00e2 me ger\u00fdmed w\u00e4s,\n3090 \"nealles sw\u00e6sl\u00eece      s\u00ee\u00f0 \u00e2l\u00fdfed\n     \"inn under eor\u00f0-weall.      Ic on \u00f4foste gef\u00eang\n     \"micle mid mundum      m\u00e4gen-byr\u00f0enne\n     \"hord-gestre\u00f3na,      hider \u00fbt \u00e4tb\u00e4r\n     \"cyninge m\u00eenum:      cwico w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 gena,\n3095 \"w\u00ees and gewittig;      worn eall gespr\u00e4c\n     \"gomol on geh\u00f0o      and e\u00f3wic gr\u00eatan h\u00eat,\n     \"b\u00e4d \u00fe\u00e4t ge geworhton      \u00e4fter wines d\u00e6dum\n     \"in b\u00e6l-stede      beorh \u00feone he\u00e1n\n     \"micelne and m\u00e6rne,      sw\u00e2 he manna w\u00e4s\n3100 \"w\u00eegend weor\u00f0-fullost      w\u00eede geond eor\u00f0an,\n     \"\u00feenden he burh-welan      br\u00fbcan m\u00f4ste.\n     \"Uton nu \u00eafstan      \u00f4\u00f0re s\u00ee\u00f0e\n     \"se\u00f3n and s\u00eacean      searo-ge\u00fer\u00e4c,\n     \"wundur under wealle!      ic e\u00f3w w\u00eesige,\n3105 \"\u00fe\u00e4t ge gen\u00f4ge      ne\u00e1n sce\u00e1wia\u00f0\n     \"be\u00e1gas and br\u00e2d gold.      S\u00eee si\u00f3 b\u00e6r gearo\n     \"\u00e4dre ge\u00e4fned,      \u00feonne we \u00fbt cymen,\n     \"and \u00feonne geferian      fre\u00e1n \u00fbserne,\n     \"le\u00f3fne mannan,      \u00fe\u00e6r he longe sceal\n3110 \"on \u00fe\u00e4s waldendes      w\u00e6re ge\u00feolian.\"\n     H\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 gebe\u00f3dan      byre Wihst\u00e2nes,\n     h\u00e4le hilde-di\u00f3r,      h\u00e4le\u00f0a monegum\n     bold-\u00e2gendra,      \u00fe\u00e4t hie b\u00e6l-wudu\n     feorran feredon,      folc-\u00e2gende\n3115 g\u00f4dum t\u00f4g\u00eanes:      \"Nu sceal gl\u00ead fretan\n     \"(weaxan wonna l\u00eag)      w\u00eegena strengel,\n     \"\u00feone \u00fee oft geb\u00e2d      \u00eesern-sc\u00fbre,\n     \"\u00feonne str\u00e6la storm,      strengum geb\u00e6ded,\n     \"sc\u00f4c ofer scild-weall,      sceft nytte he\u00f3ld,\n3120 \"fe\u00f0er-gearwum f\u00fbs      fl\u00e2ne full-eode.\"\n     H\u00fbru se snotra      sunu Wihst\u00e2nes\n     \u00e2c\u00eegde of cor\u00f0re      cyninges \u00feegnas\n     syfone t\u00f4somne      \u00fe\u00e2 s\u00ealestan,\n     eode eahta sum      under inwit-hr\u00f4f;\n3125 hilde-rinc sum      on handa b\u00e4r\n     \u00e4led-le\u00f3man,      se \u00fee on orde ge\u00f3ng.\n     N\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 on hlytme,      hw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t hord strude,\n     sy\u00f0\u00f0an or-wearde      \u00e6nigne d\u00e6l\n     secgas ges\u00eagon      on sele wunian,\n3130 l\u00e6ne licgan:      lyt \u00e6nig mearn,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hi \u00f4fostlice      \u00fbt geferedon\n     d\u00fdre m\u00e2\u00f0mas;      dracan \u00eac scufun,\n     wyrm ofer weall-clif,      l\u00eaton w\u00e6g niman,\n     fl\u00f4d f\u00e4\u00f0mian      fr\u00e4twa hyrde.\n3135 \u00de\u00e6r w\u00e4s wunden gold      on w\u00e6n hladen,\n     \u00e6ghw\u00e4s unr\u00eem,      \u00e4\u00f0eling boren,\n     h\u00e2r hilde-rinc      t\u00f4 Hrones n\u00e4sse.\n\n\nXLIII. BE\u00d3WULF'S FUNERAL PYRE.\n\n     Him \u00fe\u00e2 gegiredan      Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de\n     \u00e2d on eor\u00f0an      un-w\u00e2cl\u00eecne,\n3140 helmum behongen,      hilde-bordum,\n     beorhtum byrnum,      sw\u00e2 he b\u00eana w\u00e4s;\n     \u00e2legdon \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4-middes      m\u00e6rne \u00fee\u00f3den\n     h\u00e4le\u00f0 hi\u00f3fende,      hl\u00e2ford le\u00f3fne.\n     Ongunnon \u00fe\u00e2 on beorge      b\u00e6l-f\u00fdra m\u00e6st\n3145 w\u00eegend weccan:      wudu-r\u00eac \u00e2st\u00e2h\n     sweart ofer swio\u00f0ole,      sw\u00f4gende l\u00eag,\n     w\u00f4pe bewunden      (wind-blond gel\u00e4g)\n     \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00fe\u00e2 b\u00e2n-h\u00fbs      gebrocen h\u00e4fde,\n     h\u00e2t on hre\u00f0re.      Higum unr\u00f4te\n3150 m\u00f4d-ceare m\u00e6ndon      mon-dryhtnes cwealm;\n     swylce gi\u00f4mor-gyd      + lat . con meowle\n     . . . . .      wunden heorde . . .\n     serg (?) cearig s\u00e6lde      geneahhe\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hio hyre . . . . gas hearde\n3155 . . . . . ede      w\u00e4lfylla wonn . .\n     hildes egesan      hy\u00f0o\n     haf mid      heofon r\u00eace swealh (?)\n     Geworhton \u00fe\u00e2      Wedra le\u00f3de\n     hl\u00e6w on hli\u00f0e,      se w\u00e4s he\u00e1h and br\u00e2d,\n3160 w\u00e6g-l\u00ee\u00f0endum      w\u00eede ges\u00fdne,\n     and betimbredon      on tyn dagum\n     beadu-r\u00f4fes b\u00eacn:      bronda betost\n     wealle beworhton,      sw\u00e2 hyt weor\u00f0l\u00eecost\n     fore-snotre men      findan mihton.\n3165 H\u00ee on beorg dydon      b\u00eag and siglu,\n     eall swylce hyrsta,      swylce on horde \u00e6r\n     n\u00ee\u00f0-hydige men      genumen h\u00e4fdon;\n     forl\u00eaton eorla gestre\u00f3n      eor\u00f0an healdan,\n     gold on gre\u00f3te,      \u00fe\u00e6r hit nu gen lifa\u00f0\n3170 eldum sw\u00e2 unnyt,      sw\u00e2 hit \u00e6ror w\u00e4s.\n     \u00de\u00e2 ymbe hl\u00e6w riodan      hilde-de\u00f3re,\n     \u00e4\u00f0elinga bearn      ealra twelfa,\n     woldon ceare cw\u00ee\u00f0an,      kyning m\u00e6nan,\n     word-gyd wrecan      and ymb wer sprecan,\n3175 eahtodan eorl-scipe      and his ellen-weorc\n     dugu\u00f0um d\u00eamdon,      sw\u00e2 hit ge-d\u00eafe bi\u00f0,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t mon his wine-dryhten      wordum h\u00earge,\n     ferh\u00f0um fre\u00f3ge,      \u00feonne he for\u00f0 scile\n     of l\u00eec-haman      l\u00e6ne weor\u00f0an.\n3180 Sw\u00e2 begnornodon      Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de\n     hl\u00e2fordes hryre,      heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tas,\n     cw\u00e6don \u00fe\u00e4t he w\u00e6re      woruld-cyning\n     mannum mildust      and mon-\u00few\u00e6rust,\n     le\u00f3dum l\u00ee\u00f0ost      and lof-geornost.\n\n\n\n\nAPPENDIX\n\n\nTHE ATTACK IN FINNSBURG. [Footnote: See v. 1069 _seqq._]\n\n     \". . . . . . . . . . . n\u00e4s byrna\u00f0 n\u00e6fre.\"\n     Hleo\u00f0rode \u00fe\u00e2      hea\u00f0o-geong cyning:\n     \"Ne \u00feis ne daga\u00f0 e\u00e1stan,      ne her draca ne fle\u00f3ge\u00f0,\n     \"ne her \u00feisse healle      hornas ne byrna\u00f0,\n5    \"ac f\u00ear for\u00f0 bera\u00f0      fugelas singa\u00f0,\n     \"gylle\u00f0 gr\u00e6g-hama,      g\u00fb\u00f0-wudu hlynne\u00f0,\n     \"scyld scefte oncwy\u00f0.      Nu sc\u00fdne\u00f0 \u00fees m\u00f4na\n     \"wa\u00f0ol under wolcnum;      nu \u00e2r\u00eesa\u00f0 we\u00e1-d\u00e6da,\n     \"\u00fee \u00feisne folces n\u00ee\u00f0      fremman willa\u00f0.\n10   \"Ac onwacnigea\u00f0 nu,      w\u00eegend m\u00eene,\n     \"hebba\u00f0 e\u00f3wre handa,      hicgea\u00f0 on ellen,\n     \"winna\u00f0 on orde,      wesa\u00f0 on m\u00f4de!\"\n     \u00de\u00e2 \u00e2r\u00e2s monig gold-hladen \u00feegn,      gyrde hine his swurde;\n     \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 dura eodon      drihtl\u00eece cempan,\n15   Sigefer\u00f0 and Eaha,      hyra sweord getugon,\n     and \u00e4t \u00f4\u00f0rum durum      Ordl\u00e2f and G\u00fb\u00f0l\u00e2f,\n     and Hengest sylf;      hwearf him on l\u00e2ste.\n     \u00de\u00e2 git G\u00e2rulf      G\u00fb\u00f0ere styrode,\n     \u00fe\u00e4t hie sw\u00e2 fre\u00f3l\u00eec feorh      forman s\u00ee\u00f0e\n20   t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6re healle durum      hyrsta ne b\u00e6ran,\n     nu hyt n\u00ee\u00f0a heard      \u00e2nyman wolde:\n     ac he fr\u00e4gn ofer eal      undearninga,\n     de\u00f3r-m\u00f4d h\u00e4le\u00f0,      hw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e2 duru he\u00f3lde.\n     \"Sigefer\u00f0 is m\u00een nama (cw\u00e4\u00f0 he),      ic eom Secgena le\u00f3d,\n25   \"wrecca w\u00eede c\u00fb\u00f0.      Fela ic we\u00e1na geb\u00e2d,\n     \"heardra hilda;      \u00fee is gyt her witod,\n     \"sw\u00e4\u00f0er \u00feu sylf t\u00f4 me      s\u00eacean wylle.\"\n     \u00de\u00e2 w\u00e4s on wealle      w\u00e4l-slihta gehlyn,\n     sceolde c\u00ealod bord      c\u00eanum on handa\n30   b\u00e2n-helm berstan.      Buruh-\u00feelu dynede,\n     \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6re g\u00fb\u00f0e      G\u00e2rulf gecrang,\n     ealra \u00e6rest      eor\u00f0-b\u00fbendra,\n     G\u00fb\u00f0l\u00e2fes sunu;      ymbe hine g\u00f4dra fela.\n     Hwearf flacra hr\u00e6w      hr\u00e4fn, wandrode\n35   sweart and sealo-br\u00fbn;      swurd-le\u00f3ma st\u00f4d\n     swylce eal Finns-buruh      f\u00fdrenu w\u00e6re.\n     Ne gefr\u00e4gn ic n\u00e6fre wur\u00f0l\u00eecor      \u00e4t wera hilde\n     sixtig sige-beorna      s\u00eal geb\u00e6ran,\n     ne n\u00e6fre sw\u00e2nas sw\u00eatne      medo s\u00eal forgyldan,\n40   \u00feonne Hn\u00e4fe guldon      his h\u00e4g-stealdas.\n     Hig fuhton f\u00eef dagas,      sw\u00e2 hyra n\u00e2n ne fe\u00f3l\n     driht-ges\u00ee\u00f0a,      ac hig \u00fe\u00e2 duru he\u00f3ldon.\n     \u00de\u00e2 gew\u00e2t him wund h\u00e4le\u00f0      on w\u00e4g gangan,\n     s\u00e6de \u00fe\u00e4t his byrne      \u00e2brocen w\u00e6re,\n45   here-sceorpum hr\u00f4r,      and e\u00e1c w\u00e4s his helm \u00feyrl.\n     \u00de\u00e2 hine s\u00f4na fr\u00e4gn      folces hyrde,\n     h\u00fb \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00eegend      hyra wunda gen\u00e6son\n     o\u00f0\u00f0e hw\u00e4\u00f0er \u00fe\u00e6ra hyssa . . . . . . .\n\n\n\n\nLIST OF NAMES; NOTES; AND GLOSSARY.\n\nABBREVIATIONS\n\nm.: masculine.\nf.: feminine.\nn.: neuter.\nnom., gen.: nominative, genitive, etc.\nw.: weak.\nw. v.: weak verb.\nst.: strong.\nst. v.: strong verb.\nI., II., III.: first, second, third person.\ncomp.: compound.\nimper.: imperative.\nw.: with.\ninstr.: instrumental.\nG. and Goth.: Gothic.\nO.N.: Old Norse.\nO.S.: Old Saxon.\nO.H.G.: Old High German.\nM.H.G.: Middle High German.\n\nThe vowel \u00e4 = _a_ in _glad_      }\nThe diphthong \u00e6 = _a_ in _hair_  } approximately.\n\n\nThe names Leo, Bugge, Rieger, etc., refer to authors of emendations.\n\nWords beginning with ge- will be found under their root-word.\n\nObvious abbreviations, like subj., etc., are not included in this list.\n\n\n\n\nLIST OF NAMES.\n\nAbel, Cain's brother, 108.\n\n\u00c4lf-here (gen. \u00c4lf-heres, 2605), a kinsman of W\u00eegl\u00e2f's, 2605.\n\n\u00c4sc-here, confidential adviser of King Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r (1326), older brother of\nYrmenl\u00e2f (1325), killed by Grendel's mother, 1295, 1324, 2123.\n\nB\u00e2n-st\u00e2n, father of Breca, 524.\n\nBe\u00f3-wulf, son of Scyld, king of the Danes, 18, 19. After the death of his\nfather, he succeeds to the throne of the Scyldings, 53. His son is\nHealfdene, 57.\n\nBe\u00f3-wulf (Bi\u00f3wulf, 1988, 2390; gen. Be\u00f3wulfes, 857, etc., Bi\u00f3wulfes, 2195,\n2808, etc.; dat. Be\u00f3wulfe, 610, etc., Bi\u00f3wulfe, 2325, 2843), of the race of\nthe Ge\u00e1tas. His father is the W\u00e6gmunding Ecg\u00fee\u00f3w (263, etc.); his mother a\ndaughter of Hr\u00ea\u00f0el, king of the Ge\u00e1tas (374), at whose court he is brought\nup after his seventh year with Hr\u00ea\u00f0el's sons, Herebeald, H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, and\nHygel\u00e2c, 2429 ff. In his youth lazy and unapt (2184 f., 2188 f.); as man he\nattains in the gripe of his hand the strength of thirty men, 379. Hence his\nvictories in his combats with bare hands (711 ff., 2502 ff.), while fate\ndenies him the victory in the battle with swords, 2683 f. His\nswimming-match with Breca in his youth, 506 ff. Goes with fourteen Ge\u00e1tas\nto the assistance of the Danish king, Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, against Grendel, 198 ff. His\ncombat with Grendel, and his victory, 711 ff., 819 ff. He is, in\nconsequence, presented with rich gifts by Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 1021 ff. His combat with\nGrendel's mother, 1442 ff. Having again received gifts, he leaves Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r\n(1818-1888), and returns to Hygel\u00e2c, 1964 ff.--After Hygel\u00e2c's last battle\nand death, he flees alone across the sea, 2360 f. In this battle he crushes\nD\u00e4ghrefn, one of the H\u00fbgas, to death, 2502 f. He rejects at the same time\nHygel\u00e2c's kingdom and the hand of his widow (2370 ff.), but carries on the\ngovernment as guardian of the young Heardr\u00ead, son of Hygel\u00e2c, 2378 ff.\nAfter Heardr\u00ead's death, the kingdom falls to Be\u00f3wulf, 2208,\n2390.--Afterwards, on an expedition to avenge the murdered Heardr\u00ead, he\nkills the Scylfing, E\u00e1dgils (2397), and probably conquers his country.\n--His fight with the drake, 2539 ff. His death, 2818. His burial, 3135 ff.\n\nBreca (acc. Brecan, 506, 531), son of Be\u00e1nst\u00e2n, 524. Chief of the\nBrondings, 521. His swimming-match with Be\u00f3wulf, 506 ff.\n\nBrondingas (gen. Brondinga, 521), Breca, their chief, 521.\n\nBrosinga mene, corrupted from, or according to M\u00fcllenhoff, written by\nmistake for, Breosinga mene (O.N., Brisinga men, cf. Haupts Zeitschr. XII.\n304), collar, which the Brisingas once possessed.\n\nCain (gen. Caines, 107): descended from him are Grendel and his kin, 107,\n1262 ff.\n\nD\u00e4g-hrefn (dat. D\u00e4ghrefne, 2502), a warrior of the H\u00fbgas, who, according to\n2504-5, compared with 1203, and with 1208, seems to have been the slayer of\nKing Hygel\u00e2c, in his battle against the allied Franks, Frisians, and H\u00fbgas.\nIs crushed to death by Be\u00f3wulf in a hand-to-hand combat, 2502 ff.\n\nDene (gen. Dena, 242, etc., Denia, 2126, Deniga, 271, etc.; dat. Denum,\n768, etc.), as subjects of Scyld and his descendants, they are also called\nScyldings; and after the first king of the East Danes, Ing (Runenlied, 22),\nIng-wine, 1045, 1320. They are also once called Hr\u00ea\u00f0men, 445. On account of\ntheir renowned warlike character, they bore the names G\u00e2r-Dene, 1, 1857,\nHring-Dene (Armor-Danes), 116, 1280, Beorht-Dene, 427, 610. The great\nextent of this people is indicated by their names from the four quarters of\nthe heavens: E\u00e1st-Dene, 392, 617, etc., West-Dene, 383, 1579, S\u00fb\u00f0-Dene,\n463, Nor\u00f0-Dene, 784.--Their dwelling-place \"in Scedelandum,\" 19, \"on\nScedenigge,\" 1687, \"be s\u00e6m twe\u00f3num,\" 1686.\n\nEcg-l\u00e2f (gen. Ecgl\u00e2fes, 499), H\u00fbnfer\u00f0's father, 499.\n\nEcg-\u00fee\u00f3w (nom. Ecg\u00fee\u00f3w, 263, Ecg\u00fee\u00f3, 373; gen. Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes, 529, etc.,\nEcg\u00fei\u00f3wes, 2000), a far-famed hero of the Ge\u00e1tas, of the house of the\nW\u00e6gmundings. Be\u00f3wulf is the son of Ecg\u00fee\u00f3w, by the only daughter of Hr\u00ea\u00f0el,\nking of the Ge\u00e1tas, 262, etc. Among the Wylfings, he has slain Hea\u00f0ol\u00e2f\n(460), and in consequence he goes over the sea to the Danes (463), whose\nking, Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, by means of gold, finishes the strife for him, 470.\n\nEcg-wela (gen. Ecg-welan, 1711). The Scyldings are called his descendants,\n1711. Grein considers him the founder of the older dynasty of Danish kings,\nwhich closes with Herem\u00f4d. See Herem\u00f4d.\n\nElan, daughter of Healfdene, king of the Danes, (?) 62. According to the\nrestored text, she is the wife of Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, the Scylfing, 62, 63.\n\nEarna-n\u00e4s, the Eagle Cape in the land of the Ge\u00e1tas, where occurred\nBe\u00f3wulf's fight with the drake, 3032.\n\nE\u00e1dgils (dat. E\u00e1dgilse, 2393), son of \u00d4hthere, and grandson of Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w,\nthe Scylfing, 2393. His older brother is\n\nE\u00e1nmund (gen. E\u00e1nmundes, 2612). What is said about both in our poem\n(2201-2207, 2380-2397, 2612-2620) is obscure, but the following may be\nconjectured:--\n\nThe sons of \u00d4hthere, E\u00e1nmund and E\u00e1dgils, have rebelled against their\nfather (2382), and must, in consequence, depart with their followers from\nSwi\u00f3r\u00eece, 2205-6, 2380. They come into the country of the Ge\u00e1tas to\nHeardr\u00ead (2380), but whether with friendly or hostile intent is not stated;\nbut, according to 2203 f., we are to presume that they came against\nHeardr\u00ead with designs of conquest. At a banquet (on feorme; or feorme, MS.)\nHeardr\u00ead falls, probably through treachery, by the hand of one of the\nbrothers, 2386, 2207. The murderer must have been E\u00e1nmund, to whom,\naccording to 2613, \"in battle the revenge of Weohst\u00e2n brings death.\"\nWeohst\u00e2n takes revenge for his murdered king, and exercises upon E\u00e1nmund's\nbody the booty-right, and robs it of helm, breastplate, and sword\n(2616-17), which the slain man had received as gifts from his uncle, Onela,\n2617-18. But Weohst\u00e2n does not speak willingly of this fight, although he\nhas slain Onela's brother's son, 2619-20.--After Heardr\u00ead's and E\u00e1nmund's\ndeath, the descendant of Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, E\u00e1dgils, returns to his home, 2388. He\nmust give way before Be\u00f3wulf, who has, since Heardr\u00ead's death, ascended the\nthrone of the Ge\u00e1tas, 2390. But Be\u00f3wulf remembers it against him in after\ndays, and the old feud breaks out anew, 2392-94. E\u00e1dgils makes an invasion\ninto the land of the Ge\u00e1tas (2394-95), during which he falls at the hands\nof Be\u00f3wulf, 2397. The latter must have then obtained the sovereignty over\nthe Sweonas (3005-6, where only the version, Scylfingas, can give a\nsatisfactory sense).\n\nEofor (gen. Eofores, 2487, 2965; dat. Jofore, 2994, 2998), one of the\nGe\u00e1tas, son of Wonr\u00ead and brother of Wulf (2965, 2979), kills the Swedish\nking, Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w (2487 ff., 2978-82), for which he receives from King\nHygel\u00e2c, along with other gifts, his only daughter in marriage, 2994-99.\n\nEormen-r\u00eec (gen. Eormenr\u00eeces, 1202), king of the Goths (cf. about him, W.\nGrimm, Deutsche Heldensage, p. 2, ff.). H\u00e2ma has wrested the Brosinga mene\nfrom him, 1202.\n\nEom\u00e6r, son of Offa and \u00dery\u00f0o (cf. \u00dery\u00f0o), 1961.\n\nFinn (gen. Finnes, 1069, etc.; dat. Finne, 1129), son of Folcwalda (1090),\nking of the North Frisians, i.e. of the Eotenas, husband of Hildeburg, a\ndaughter of H\u00f4c, 1072, 1077. He is the hero of the inserted poem on the\nAttack in Finnsburg, the obscure incidents of which are, perhaps, as\nfollows: In Finn's castle, Finnsburg, situated in Jutland (1126-28), the\nH\u00f4cing, Hn\u00e4f, a relative--perhaps a brother--of Hildeburg is spending some\ntime as guest. Hn\u00e4f, who is a liegeman of the Danish king, Healfdene, has\nsixty men with him (Finnsburg, 38). These are treacherously attacked one\nnight by Finn's men, 1073. For five days they hold the doors of their\nlodging-place without losing one of their number (Finnsburg, 41, 42). Then,\nhowever, Hn\u00e4f is slain (1071), and the Dane, Hengest, who was among Hn\u00e4f's\nfollowers, assumes the command of the beleaguered band. But on the\nattacking side the fight has brought terrible losses to Finn's men. Their\nnumbers are diminished (1081 f.), and Hildeburg bemoans a son and a brother\namong the fallen (1074 f., cf. 1116, 1119). Therefore the Frisians offer\nthe Danes peace (1086) under the conditions mentioned (1087-1095), and it\nis confirmed with oaths (1097), and money is given by Finn in propitiation\n(1108). Now all who have survived the battle go together to Friesland, the\nhomo proper of Finn, and here Hengest remains during the winter, prevented\nby ice and storms from returning home (Grein). But in spring the feud\nbreaks out anew. G\u00fb\u00f0l\u00e2f and Osl\u00e2f avenge Hn\u00e4f's fall, probably after they\nhave brought help from home (1150). In the battle, the hall is filled with\nthe corpses of the enemy. Finn himself is killed, and the queen is captured\nand carried away, along with the booty, to the land of the Danes,\n1147-1160.\n\nFinna land. Be\u00f3wulf reaches it in his swimming-race with Breca, 580.\n\nFitela, the son and nephew of the W\u00e4lsing, Sigemund, and his companion in\narms, 876-890. (Sigemund had begotten Fitela by his sister, Sign\u00fd. Cf. more\nat length Leo on Be\u00f3wulf, p. 38 ff., where an extract from the legend of\nthe Walsungs is given.)\n\nFolc-walda (gen. Folc-waldan, 1090), Finn's father, 1090.\n\nFrancan (gen. Francna, 1211; dat. Froncum, 2913). King Hygel\u00e2c fell on an\nexpedition against the allied Franks, Frisians, and H\u00fbgas, 1211, 2917.\n\nFresan, Frisan, Frysan (gen. Fresena, 1094, Frysna, 1105, Fresna, 2916:\ndat. Frysum, 1208, 2913). To be distinguished, are: 1) North Frisians,\nwhose king is Finn, 1069 ff.; 2) West Frisians, in alliance with the Franks\nand H\u00fbgas, in the war against whom Hygel\u00e2c falls, 1208, 2916. The country\nof the former is called Frysland, 1127; that of the latter, Fresna land,\n2916.\n\nFr..es w\u00e4l (in Fr..es w\u00e4le, 1071), mutilated proper name.\n\nFre\u00e1waru, daughter of the Danish king, Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r; given in marriage to\nIngeld, the son of the Hea\u00f0obeard king, Fr\u00f4da, in order to end a war\nbetween the Danes and the Hea\u00f0obeardnas, 2023 ff., 2065.\n\nFr\u00f4da (gen. Fr\u00f4dan), father of Ingeld, the husband of Fre\u00e1ware, 2026.\n\nG\u00e2rmund (gen. G\u00e2rmundes, 1963) father of Offa. His grandson is E\u00f3m\u00e6r,\n1961-63.\n\nGe\u00e1tas (gen. Ge\u00e1ta, 205, etc.; dat. Ge\u00e1tum, 195, etc.), a tribe in Southern\nScandinavia, to which the hero of this poem belongs; also called\nWederge\u00e1tas, 1493, 2552; or, Wederas, 225, 423, etc.; G\u00fb\u00f0ge\u00e1tas, 1539;\nS\u00e6ge\u00e1tas, 1851, 1987. Their kings named in this poem are: Hr\u00ea\u00f0el; H\u00e6\u00f0cyn,\nsecond son of Hr\u00ea\u00f0el; Hygel\u00e2c, the brother of H\u00e6\u00f0cyn; Heardr\u00ead, son of\nHygel\u00e2c; then Be\u00f3wulf.\n\nGif\u00f0as (dat. Gif\u00f0um, 2495), Gepid\u00e6, mentioned in connection with Danes and\nSwedes, 2495.\n\nGrendel, a fen-spirit (102-3) of Cain's race, 107, 111, 1262, 1267. He\nbreaks every night into Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's hall and carries off thirty warriors, 115\nff., 1583ff. He continues this for twelve years, till Be\u00f3wulf fights with\nhim (147, 711 ff.), and gives him a mortal wound, in that he tears out one\nof his arms (817), which is hung up as a trophy in the roof of Heorot, 837.\nGrendel's mother wishes to avenge her son, and the following night breaks\ninto the hall and carries off \u00c4schere, 1295. Be\u00f3wulf seeks for and finds\nher home in the fen-lake (1493 ff.), fights with her (1498 ff.), and kills\nher (1567); and cuts off the head of Grendel, who lay there dead (1589),\nand brings it to Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 1648.\n\nG\u00fb\u00f0-l\u00e2f and Osl\u00e2f, Danish warriors under Hn\u00e4f, whose death they avenge on\nFinn, 1149.\n\nH\u00e2lga, with the surname, _til_, the younger brother of the Danish king,\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 61. His son is Hr\u00f4\u00f0ulf, 1018, 1165, 1182.\n\nH\u00e2ma wrests the _Brosinga mene_ from Eormenr\u00eec, 1199.\n\nH\u00e4re\u00f0 (gen. H\u00e4re\u00f0es, 1982), father of Hygd, the wife of Hygel\u00e2c, 1930,\n1982.\n\nH\u00e6\u00f0cyn (dat. H\u00e6\u00f0cynne, 2483), second son of Hr\u00ea\u00f0el, king of the Ge\u00e1tas,\n2435. Kills his oldest brother, Herebeald, accidentally, with an arrow,\n2438 ff. After Hr\u00ea\u00f0el's death, he obtains the kingdom, 2475, 2483. He falls\nat Ravenswood, in the battle against the Swedish king, Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, 2925. His\nsuccessor is his younger brother, Hygel\u00e2c, 2944 ff., 2992.\n\nHelmingas (gen. Helminga, 621). From them comes Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w, Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's wife,\n621.\n\nHeming (gen. Heminges, 1945, 1962). Offa is called Heminges m\u00e6g, 1945;\nE\u00f3m\u00e6r, 1962. According to Bachlechner (Pfeiffer's Germania, I., p. 458),\nHeming is the son of the sister of G\u00e2rmund, Offa's father.\n\nHengest (gen. Hengestes, 1092; dat. Hengeste, 1084): about him and his\nrelations to Hn\u00e4f and Finn, see Finn.\n\nHere-beald (dat. Herebealde, 2464), the oldest son of Hr\u00ea\u00f0el, king of the\nGe\u00e1tas (2435), accidentally killed with an arrow by his younger brother,\nH\u00e6\u00f0cyn, 2440.\n\nHere-m\u00f4d (gen. Herem\u00f4des, 902), king of the Danes, not belonging to the\nScylding dynasty, but, according to Grein, immediately preceding it; is, on\naccount of his unprecedented cruelty, driven out, 902 ff., 1710.\n\nHere-r\u00eec (gen. Herer\u00eeces, 2207) Heardr\u00ead is called Herer\u00eeces nefa, 2207.\nNothing further is known of him.\n\nHet-ware or Franks, in alliance with the Frisians and the H\u00fbgas, conquer\nHygel\u00e2c, king of the Ge\u00e1tas, 2355, 2364 ff., 2917.\n\nHealf-dene (gen. Healfdenes, 189, etc.), son of Be\u00f3wulf, the Scylding (57);\nrules the Danes long and gloriously (57 f.); has three sons, Heorog\u00e2r,\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, and H\u00e2lga (61), and a daughter, Elan, who, according to the\nrenewed text of the passage, w\u00e4s married to the Scylfing, Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, 62,\n63.\n\nHeard-r\u00ead (dat. Heardr\u00eade, 2203, 2376), son of Hygel\u00e2c, king of the Ge\u00e1tas,\nand Hygd. After his father's death, while still under age, he obtains the\nthrone (2371, 2376, 2379); wherefore Be\u00f3wulf, as nephew of Heardr\u00ead's\nfather, acts as guardian to the youth till he becomes older, 2378. He is\nslain by \u00d4hthere's sons, 2386. This murder Be\u00f3wulf avenges on E\u00e1dgils,\n2396-97.\n\nHea\u00f0o-beardnas (gen. -beardna, 2033, 2038, 2068), the tribe of the\nLombards. Their king, Fr\u00f4da, has fallen in a war with the Danes, 2029,\n2051. In order to end the feud, King Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r has given his daughter,\nFre\u00e1waru, as wife to the young Ingeld, the son of Fr\u00f4da, a marriage that\ndoes not result happily; for Ingeld, though he long defers it on account of\nhis love for his wife, nevertheless takes revenge for his father, 2021-2070\n(W\u00eeds\u00ee\u00f0, 45-49).\n\nHea\u00f0o-l\u00e2f (dat. Hea\u00f0o-l\u00e2fe, 460), a Wylfingish warrior. Ecg\u00fee\u00f3w, Be\u00f3wulf's\nfather, kills him, 460.\n\nHea\u00f0o-r\u00e6mas reached by B. in the swimming-race with Be\u00f3wulf, 519.\n\nHeoro-g\u00e2r (nom. 61; Hereg\u00e2r, 467; Hiorog\u00e2r, 2159), son of Healfdene, and\nolder brother of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 61. His death is mentioned, 467. He has a son,\nHeoroweard, 2162. His coat of mail Be\u00f3wulf has received from Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r\n(2156), and presents it to Hygel\u00e2c, 2158.\n\nHeoro-weard (dat. Heorowearde, 2162), Heorog\u00e2r's son, 2161-62.\n\nHeort, 78. Heorot, 166 (gen. Heorotes, 403; dat. Heorote, 475, Heorute,\n767, Hiorte, 2100). Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's throne-room and banqueting hall and\nassembly-room for his liegemen, built by him with unusual splendor, 69, 78.\nIn it occurs Be\u00f3wulf's fight with Grendel, 720 ff. The hall receives its\nname from the stag's antlers, of which the one-half crowns the eastern\ngable, the other half the western.\n\nHildeburh, daughter of H\u00f4c, relative of the Danish leader, Hn\u00e4f, consort of\nthe Frisian king, Finn. After the fall of the latter, she becomes a captive\nof the Danes, 1072, 1077, 1159. See also under Finn.\n\nHn\u00e4f (gen. Hn\u00e4fes, 1115), a H\u00f4cing (W\u00eeds\u00ee\u00f0, 29), the Danish King\nHealfdene's general, 1070 ff. For his fight with Finn, his death and\nburial, see under Finn.\n\nHond-sci\u00f3, warrior of the Ge\u00e1tas: dat. 2077.\n\nH\u00f4c (gen. H\u00f4ces, 1077), father of Hildeburh, 1077; probably also of Hn\u00e4f\n(W\u00eeds\u00ee\u00f0, 29).\n\nHr\u00ea\u00f0el (gen. Hr\u00ea\u00f0les, 1486), son of Swerting, 1204. King of the Ge\u00e1tas,\n374. He has, besides, a daughter, who is married to Ecg\u00fee\u00f3w, and has borne\nhim Be\u00f3wulf, (374), three sons, Herebeald, H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, and Hygel\u00e2c, 2435. The\neldest of these is accidentally killed by the second, 2440. On account of\nthis inexpiable deed, Hr\u00ea\u00f0el becomes melancholy (2443), and dies, 2475.\n\nHr\u00ea\u00f0la (gen. Hr\u00ea\u00f0lan, MS. Hr\u00e6dlan, 454), the same as Hr\u00ea\u00f0el (cf. M\u00fcllenhoff\nin Haupts Zeitschrift, 12, 260), the former owner of Be\u00f3wulf's coat of\nmail, 454.\n\nHr\u00ea\u00f0-men (gen. Hr\u00ea\u00f0-manna, 445), the Danes are so called, 445.\n\nHr\u00ea\u00f0-r\u00eec, son of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 1190, 1837.\n\nHrefna-wudu, 2926, or Hrefnes-holt, 2936, the thicket near which the\nSwedish king, Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, slew H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, king of the Ge\u00e1tas, in battle.\n\nHreosna-beorh, promontory in the land of the Ge\u00e1tas, near which Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w's\nsons, \u00d4hthere and Onela, had made repeated robbing incursions into the\ncountry after Hr\u00ea\u00f0el's death. These were the immediate cause of the war in\nwhich Hr\u00ea\u00f0el's son, King H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, fell, 2478 ff.\n\nHr\u00f4\u00f0-g\u00e2r (gen. Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res, 235, etc.; dat. Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re, 64, etc.), of the\ndynasty of the Scyldings; the second of the three sons of King Healfdene,\n61. After the death of his elder brother, Heorog\u00e2r, he assumes the\ngovernment of the Danes, 465, 467 (yet it is not certain whether Heorog\u00e2r\nwas king of the Danes before Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, or whether his death occurred while\nhis father, Healfdene, was still alive). His consort is Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w (613), of\nthe stock of the Helmings (621), who has borne him two sons, Hr\u00ea\u00f0r\u00eec and\nHr\u00f4\u00f0mund (1190), and a daughter, Fre\u00e1ware (2023), who has been given in\nmarriage to the king of the Hea\u00f0obeardnas, Ingeld. His throne-room (78\nff.), which has been built at great cost (74 ff.), is visited every night\nby Grendel (102, 115), who, along with his mother, is slain by Be\u00f3wulf (711\nff., 1493 ff). Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's rich gifts to Be\u00f3wulf, in consequence, 1021, 1818;\nhe is praised as being generous, 71 ff., 80, 1028 ff., 1868 ff.; as being\nbrave, 1041 ff., 1771 ff.; and wise, 1699, 1725.--Other information about\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's reign for the most part only suggested: his expiation of the\nmurder which Ecg\u00fee\u00f3w, Be\u00f3wulf's father, committed upon Hea\u00f0ol\u00e2f, 460, 470;\nhis war with the Hea\u00f0obeardnas; his adjustment of it by giving his\ndaughter, Fre\u00e1ware, in marriage to their king, Ingeld; evil results of this\nmarriage, 2021-2070.--Treachery of his brother's son, Hr\u00f4\u00f0ulf, intimated,\n1165-1166.\n\nHr\u00f4\u00f0-mund, Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's son, 1190.\n\nHr\u00f4\u00f0-ulf, probably a son of H\u00e2lga, the younger brother of King Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r,\n1018, 1182. Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w expresses the hope (1182) that, in case of the early\ndeath of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, Hr\u00f4\u00f0-ulf would prove a good guardian to Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's young\nson, who would succeed to the government; a hope which seems not to have\nbeen accomplished, since it appears from 1165, 1166 that Hr\u00f4\u00f0-ulf has\nabused his trust towards Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r.\n\nHrones-n\u00e4s (dat. -n\u00e4sse, 2806, 3137), a promontory on the coast of the\ncountry of the Ge\u00e1tas, visible from afar. Here is Be\u00f3wulf's grave-mound,\n2806, 3137.\n\nHrunting (dat. Hruntinge, 1660), H\u00fbnfer\u00f0's sword, is so called, 1458, 1660.\n\nH\u00fbgas (gen. H\u00fbga, 2503), Hygel\u00e2c wars against them allied with the Franks\nand Frisians, and falls, 2195 ff. One of their heroes is called D\u00e4ghrefn,\nwhom Be\u00f3wulf slays, 2503.\n\n[H]\u00fbn-fer\u00f0, the son of Ecgl\u00e2f, \u00feyle of King Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r. As such, he has his\nplace near the throne of the king, 499, 500, 1167. He lends his sword,\nHrunting, to Be\u00f3wulf for his battle with Grendel's mother, 1456 f.\nAccording to 588, 1168, he slew his brothers. Since his name is always\nalliterated with vowels, it is probable that the original form was, as\nRieger (Zachers Ztschr., 3, 414) conjectures, Unfer\u00f0.\n\nH\u00fbn-l\u00e2fing, name of a costly sword, which Finn presents to Hengest, 1144.\nSee Note.\n\nHygd (dat. Hygde, 2173), daughter of H\u00e4re\u00f0, 1930; consort of Hygel\u00e2c, king\nof the Ge\u00e1tas, 1927; her son, Heardr\u00ead, 2203, etc.--Her noble, womanly\ncharacter is emphasized, 1927 ff.\n\nHyge-l\u00e2c (gen. Hige-l\u00e2ces, 194, etc., Hygel\u00e2ces, 2387; dat. Higel\u00e2ce, 452,\nHygel\u00e2ce, 2170), king of the Ge\u00e1tas, 1203, etc. His grandfather is\nSwerting, 1204; his father, Hr\u00ea\u00f0el, 1486, 1848; his older brothers,\nHerebeald and H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, 2435; his sister's son, Be\u00f3wulf, 374, 375. After his\nbrother, H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, is killed by Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, he undertakes the government (2992\nin connection with the preceding from 2937 on). To Eofor he gives, as\nreward for slaying Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, his only daughter in marriage, 2998. But much\nlater, at the time of the return of Be\u00f3wulf from his expedition to Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r,\nwe see him married to the very young Hygd, the daughter of H\u00e4re\u00f0, 1930. The\nlatter seems, then, to have been his second wife. Their son is Heardr\u00ead,\n2203, 2376, 2387.--Hygel\u00e2c falls during an expedition against the Franks,\nFrisians, and H\u00fbgas, 1206, 1211, 2356-59, 2916-17.\n\nIngeld (dat. Ingelde, 2065), son of Fr\u00f4da, the Hea\u00f0obeard chief, who fell\nin a battle with the Danes, 2051 ff. in order to end the war, Ingeld is\nmarried to Fre\u00e1waru, daughter of the Danish king, Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 2025-30. Yet his\nlove for his young wife can make him forget only for a short while his\ndesire to avenge his father. He finally carries it out, excited thereto by\nthe repeated admonitions of an old warrior, 2042-70 (W\u00eeds\u00ee\u00f0, 45-59).\n\nIng-wine (gen. Ingwina, 1045, 1320), friends of Ing, the first king of the\nEast Danes. The Danes are so called, 1045, 1320.\n\nMere-wioingas (gen. Mere-wioinga, 2922), as name of the Franks, 2922.\n\nN\u00e4gling, the name of Be\u00f3wulf's sword, 2681.\n\nOffa (gen. Offan, 1950), king of the Angles (W\u00eeds\u00ee\u00f0, 35), the son of\nG\u00e2rmund, 1963; married (1950) to \u00dery\u00f0o (1932), a beautiful but cruel woman,\nof unfeminine spirit (1932 ff.), by whom he has a son, E\u00f3m\u00e6r, 1961.\n\n\u00d4ht-here (gen. \u00d4htheres, 2929, 2933; \u00d4hteres, 2381, 2393, 2395, 2613), son\nof Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, king of the Swedes, 2929. His sons are E\u00e1nmund (2612) and\nE\u00e1dgils, 2393.\n\nOnela (gen. Onelan, 2933), \u00d4hthere's brother, 2617, 2933.\n\nOngen-\u00fee\u00f3w (nom. -\u00fee\u00f3w, 2487, -\u00fei\u00f3, 2952; gen. -\u00fee\u00f3wes, 2476, -\u00fei\u00f3wes,\n2388; dat. -\u00fei\u00f3, 2987), of the dynasty of the Scylfings; king of the\nSwedes, 2384. His wife is, perhaps, Elan, daughter of the Danish king,\nHealfdene (62), and mother of two sons, Onela and \u00d4hthere, 2933. She is\ntaken prisoner by H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, king of the Ge\u00e1tas, on an expedition into Sweden,\nwhich he undertakes on account of her sons' plundering raids into his\ncountry, 2480 ff. She is set free by Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w (2931), who kills H\u00e6\u00f0cyn,\n2925, and encloses the Ge\u00e1tas, now deprived of their leader, in the\nRavenswood (2937 ff.), till they are freed by Hygel\u00e2c, 2944. A battle then\nfollows, which is unfavorable to Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w's army. Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w himself,\nattacked by the brothers, Wulf and Eofor, is slain by the latter, 2487 ff.,\n2962 ff.\n\n\u00d4s-l\u00e2f, a warrior of Hn\u00e4f's, who avenges on Finn his leader's death, 1149\nf.\n\nScede-land, 19. Sceden-\u00eeg (dat. Sceden-\u00eegge, 1687), O.N., Sc\u00e2n-ey, the most\nsouthern portion of the Scandinavian peninsula, belonging to the Danish\nkingdom, and, in the above-mentioned passages of our poem, a designation of\nthe whole Danish kingdom.\n\nSc\u00eaf or Sce\u00e1f. See Note.\n\nScyld (gen. Scyldes, 19), a Sc\u00eafing. 4. His son is Be\u00f3wulf, 18, 53: his\ngrandson, Healfdene, 57; his great-grandson, Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, who had two brothers\nand a sister, 59 ff.--Scyld dies, 26; his body, upon a decorated ship, is\ngiven over to the sea (32 ff.), just as he, when a child, drifted alone,\nupon a ship, to the land of the Danes, 43 ff. After him his descendants\nbear his name.\n\nScyldingas (Scyldungas, 2053; gen. Scyldinga, 53, etc., Scyldunga, 2102,\n2160; dat. Scyldingum, 274, etc.), a name which is extended also to the\nDanes, who are ruled by the Scyldings, 53, etc. They are also called\n\u00c2r-Scyldingas, 464; Sige-Scyldingas, 598, 2005; \u00dee\u00f3d-Scyldingas, 1020;\nHere-Scyldingas, 1109.\n\nScylfingas, a Swedish royal family, whose relationship seems to extend to\nthe Ge\u00e1tas, since W\u00eegl\u00e2f, the son of Wihst\u00e2n, who in another place, as a\nkinsman of Be\u00f3wulf, is called a W\u00e6gmunding (2815), is also called le\u00f3d\nScylfinga, 2604. The family connections are perhaps as follows:--\n\n              Scylf.\n                |\n     ------------------------\n     W\u00e6gmund.         .......\n        |                |\n------------------  ----------\nEcg\u00fee\u00f3w.  Weohst\u00e2n.  Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w.\n   |         |           |\n-------- -------- ---------------\nBe\u00f3wulf.  W\u00eegl\u00e2f.  Onela. \u00d4hthere.\n                             |\n                 -----------------\n                 E\u00e1umund. E\u00e1dgils.\n\nThe Scylfings are also called Hea\u00f0o-Scilfingas, 63, G\u00fb\u00f0-Scylfingas, 2928.\n\nSige-mund (dat. -munde, 876, 885), the son of W\u00e4ls, 878, 898. His (son and)\nnephew is Fitela, 880, 882. His fight with the drake, 887 ff.\n\nSwerting (gen. Swertinges, 1204), Hygel\u00e2c's grandfather, and Hr\u00ea\u00f0el's\nfather, 1204.\n\nSweon (gen. Sweona, 2473, 2947, 3002), also Swe\u00f3-\u00fee\u00f3d, 2923. The dynasty of\nthe Scylfings rules over them, 2382, 2925. Their realm is called Swi\u00f3rice,\n2384, 2496.\n\n\u00dery\u00f0o, consort of the Angle king, Offa, 1932, 1950. Mother of E\u00f3m\u00e6r, 1961,\nnotorious on account of her cruel, unfeminine character, 1932 ff. She is\nmentioned as the opposite to the mild, dignified Hygd, the queen of the\nGe\u00e1tas.\n\nW\u00e4ls (gen. W\u00e4lses, 898), father of Sigemund, 878, 898.\n\nW\u00e6g-mundingas (gen. W\u00e6gmundinga, 2608, 2815). The W\u00e6gmundings are on one\nside, Wihst\u00e2n and his son W\u00eegl\u00e2f; on the other side, Ecg\u00fee\u00f3w and his son\nBe\u00f3wulf (2608, 2815). See under Scylfingas.\n\nWederas (gen. Wedera, 225, 423, 498, etc.), or Weder-ge\u00e1tas. See Ge\u00e1tas.\n\nW\u00ealand (gen. W\u00ealandes, 455), the maker of Be\u00f3wulf's coat of mail, 455.\n\nWendlas (gen. Wendla, 348): their chief is Wulfg\u00e2r. See Wulfg\u00e2r. The\nWendlas are, according to Grundtvig and Bugge, the inhabitants of Vendill,\nthe most northern part of Jutland, between Limfjord and the sea.\n\nWealh-\u00fee\u00f3w (613, Wealh-\u00fee\u00f3, 665, 1163), the consort of King Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, of the\nstock of the Helmings, 621. Her sons are Hr\u00ea\u00f0r\u00eec and Hr\u00f4\u00f0mund, 1190; her\ndaughter, Fre\u00e1waru, 2023.\n\nWeoh-st\u00e2n (gen. Weox-st\u00e2nes, 2603, Weoh-st\u00e2nes, 2863, Wih-st\u00e2nes, 2753,\n2908, etc.), a W\u00e6gmunding (2608), father of W\u00eegl\u00e2f, 2603. In what\nrelationship to him \u00c4lfhere, mentioned 2605, stands, is not\nclear.--Weohst\u00e2n is the slayer of E\u00e1nmund (2612), in that, as it seems, he\ntakes revenge for his murdered king, Heardr\u00ead. See E\u00e1nmund.\n\nW\u00eeg-l\u00e2f, Weohst\u00e2n's son, 2603, etc., a W\u00e6gmunding, 2815, and so also a\nScylfing, 2604; a kinsman of \u00c4lfhere, 2605. For his relationship to\nBe\u00f3wulf, see the genealogical table under Scylfingas.--He supports Be\u00f3wulf\nin his fight with the drake, 2605 ff., 2662 ff. The hero gives him, before\nhis death, his ring, his helm, and his coat of mail, 2810 ff.\n\nWon-r\u00ead (gen. Wonr\u00eades, 2972), father of Wulf and Eofor, 2966, 2979.\n\nWulf (dat. Wulfe, 2994), one of the Ge\u00e1tas, Wonr\u00ead's son. He fights in the\nbattle between the armies of Hygel\u00e2c and Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w with Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w himself,\nand gives him a wound (2966), whereupon Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, by a stroke of his\nsword, disables him, 2975. Eofor avenges his brother's fall by dealing\nOngen\u00fee\u00f3w a mortal blow, 2978 ff.\n\nWulf-g\u00e2r, chief of the Wendlas, 348, lives at Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's court, and is his\n\"\u00e2r and ombiht,\" 335.\n\nWylfingas (dat. Wylfingum, 461). Ecg\u00fee\u00f3w has slain Heo\u00f0ol\u00e2f, a warrior of\nthis tribe, 460.\n\nYrmen-l\u00e2f, younger brother of \u00c4schere, 1325.\n\n\nADDITIONAL.\n\nEotenas (gen. pl. Eotena, 1073, 1089, 1142; dat. Eotenum, 1146), the\nsubjects of Finn, the North Frisians: distinguished from eoton, _giant_.\nVid eoton. Cf. Bugge, Beit., xii. 37; Earle, Beowulf in Prose, pp. 146,\n198.\n\nHr\u00ea\u00f0ling, son of Hr\u00ea\u00f0el, Hygel\u00e2c: nom. sg. 1924; nom. pl., the subjects of\nHygel\u00e2c, the Geats, 2961.\n\nSc\u00eafing, the son (?) of Sc\u00eaf, or Sce\u00e1f, reputed father of Scyld, 4. See\nNote.\n\n\n\nABBREVIATIONS.\n\n               B.: Bugge.\n              Br.: S.A. Brooke, Hist. of Early Eng. Lit.\n               C.: Cosijn.\n               E.: Earle, Deeds of Beowulf in Prose.\n               G.: Garnett, Translation of Beowulf\n              Gr.: Grein.\n               H.: Heyne.\n              Ha.: Hall, Translation of Beowulf.\n           H.-So.: Heyne-Socin, 5th ed.\n              Ho.: Holder.\n               K.: Kemble.\n              Kl.: Kluge.\n         M\u00fcllenh.: M\u00fcllenhoff.\n               R.: Rieger.\n               S.: Sievers.\n              Sw.: Sweet, Anglo-Saxon Reader, 6th ed.\n          Ten Br.: Ten Brink.\n              Th.: Thorpe.\n               Z.: Zupitza.\n\n                 PERIODICALS.\n\n             Ang.: Anglia.\n            Beit.: Paul und Branne's Beitr\u00e4ge.\n       Eng. Stud.: Englische Studien.\n            Germ.: Germania.\n Haupts Zeitschr.: Haupts Zeitschrift, etc.\n Mod. Lang. Notes: Modern Language Notes.\n          Tidskr.: Tidskrift for Philologi.\nZachers Zeitschr.: Zachers Zeitschrift, etc.\n\n\nNOTES.\n\nl. 1. hw\u00e4t: for this interjectional formula opening a poem, cf. _Andreas,\nDaniel, Juliana, Exodus, Fata Apost., Dream of the Rood_, and the\n\"Listenith lordinges!\" of mediaeval lays.--E. Cf. Chaucer, Prologue, ed.\nMorris, l. 853:\n\n     \"Sin I shal beginne the game,\n     _What_, welcome be the cut, a Goddes name!\"\n\nwe ... gefrunon is a variant on the usual epic formul\u00e6 ic gefr\u00e4gn (l. 74)\nand m\u00eene gefr\u00e6ge (l. 777). _Exodus, Daniel, Phoenix_, etc., open with the\nsame formula.\n\nl. 1. \"G\u00e2r was the javelin, armed with two of which the warrior went into\nbattle, and which he threw over the 'shield-wall.' It was barbed.\"--Br.\n124. Cf. _Maldon_, l. 296; _Judith_, l. 224; _Gnom. Verses_, l. 22; etc.\n\nl. 4. \"Scild of the Sheaf, not 'Scyld the son of Scaf'; for it is too\ninconsistent, even in myth, to give a patronymic to a foundling. According\nto the original form of the story, Sce\u00e1f was the foundling; he had come\nashore with a sheaf of corn, and from that was named. This form of the\nstory is preserved in Ethelwerd and in William of Malmesbury. But here the\nfoundling is Scyld, and we must suppose he was picked up with the sheaf,\nand hence his cognomen.\"--E., p. 105. Cf. the accounts of Romulus and\nRemus, of Moses, of Cyrus, etc.\n\nl. 6. egsian is also used in an active sense (not in the Gloss.), = _to\nterrify_.\n\nl. 15. S. suggests \u00fe\u00e2 (_which_) for \u00fe\u00e4t, as object of dre\u00f3gan; and for\naldor-le\u00e1se, Gr. suggested aldor-ceare.--_Beit._ ix. 136.\n\nS. translates: \"For God had seen the dire need which the rulerless ones\nbefore endured.\"\n\nl. 18. \"Beowulf (that is, Beaw of the Anglo-Saxon genealogists, not our\nBeowulf, who was a Geat, not a Dane), 'the son of Scyld in Scedeland.' This\nis our ancestral myth,--the story of the first culture-hero of the North;\n'the patriarch,' as Rydberg calls him, 'of the royal families of Sweden,\nDenmark, Angeln, Saxland, and England.'\"--Br., p. 78. Cf. _A.-S. Chron._\nan. 855.\n\nH.-So. omits parenthetic marks, and reads (after S., _Beit._ ix. 135)\neaferan; cf. _Fata Apost._: lof w\u00eede sprang \u00fee\u00f3dnes \u00feegna.\n\n\"The name _Beowulf_ means literally 'Bee-wolf,' wolf or ravager of\nthe bees, = bear. Cf. _beorn_, 'hero,' originally 'bear,' and\n_beohata_, 'warrior,' in C\u00e6dmon, literally 'bee-hater' or\n'persecutor,' and hence identical in meaning with _beowulf_.\"--Sw.\n\nCf. \"Arcite and Palamon,\n    That foughten _breme_, as it were bores two.\"\n         --Chaucer, _Knightes Tale_, l. 841, ed. Morris.\n\nCf. M. M\u00fcller, _Science of Lang._, Sec. Series, pp. 217, 218; and Hunt's\n_Daniel_, 104.\n\nl. 19. Cf. l. 1866, where Scedenig is used, = _Scania_, in Sweden(?).\n\nl. 21. wine is pl.; cf. its apposition wil-ges\u00ee\u00f0as below. H.-So. compares\n_H\u00e9liand_, 1017, for language almost identical with ll. 20, 21.\n\nl. 22. on ylde: cf.\n    \"_In elde_ is bothe wisdom and usage.\"\n       --Chaucer, _Knightes Tale_, l. 1590, ed. Morris.\n\nl. 26. Reflexive objects often pleonastically accompany verbs of motion;\ncf. ll. 234, 301, 1964, etc.\n\nl. 28. faro\u00f0 = _shore, strand, edge._ Add these to the meanings in the\nGloss.\n\nl. 31. The object of \u00e2hte is probably geweald, to be supplied from wordum\nwe\u00f3ld of l. 30.--H.-So.\n\nR., Kl., and B. all hold conflicting views of this passage: _Beit._ xii.\n80, ix. 188; _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 382, etc. Kl. suggests l\u00e6ndagas for\nlange.\n\nl. 32. \"hringed-stefna is sometimes translated 'with curved prow,' but it\nmeans, I think, that in the prow were fastened rings through which the\ncables were passed that tied it to the shore.\"--Br., p. 26. Cf. ll. 1132,\n1898. Hring-horni was the mythic ship of the Edda. See Toller-Bosworth for\nthree different views; and cf. wunden-stefna (l. 220), hring-naca (l.\n1863).\n\nll. 34-52. Cf. the burial of Haki on a funeral-pyre ship, _Inglinga Saga;_\nthe burial of Balder, Sinfi\u00f6tli, Arthur, etc.\n\nl. 35. \"And this [their joy in the sea] is all the plainer from the number\nof names given to the ship-names which speak their pride and affection. It\nis the \u00c6theling's vessel, the Floater, the Wave-swimmer, the Ring-sterned,\nthe Keel, the Well-bound wood, the Sea-wood, the Sea-ganger, the Sea-broad\nship, the Wide-bosomed, the Prow-curved, the Wood of the curved neck, the\nFoam-throated floater that flew like a bird.\"--Br., p. 168.\n\nl. 49. \"We know from Scandinavian graves ... that the illustrious dead were\nburied ... in ships, with their bows to sea-ward; that they were however\nnot sent to sea, but were either burnt in that position, or mounded over\nwith earth.\"--E. See Du Chaillu, _The Viking Age_, xix.\n\nl. 51. (1) sele-r\u00e6dende (K., S., C.); (2) s\u00eale-r\u00e6denne (H.); (3)\nsele-r\u00e6dende (H.-So.). Cf. l. 1347; and see Ha.\n\nl. 51. E. compares with this canto Tennyson's \"Passing of Arthur\" and the\nlegendary burial-journey of St. James of Campostella, an. 800.\n\nl. 53. The poem proper begins with this, \"There was once upon a time,\" the\nfirst 52 lines being a prelude. Eleven of the \"fitts,\" or cantos, begin\nwith the monosyllable \u00fe\u00e2, four with the verb gew\u00eetan, nine with the formula\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r (Be\u00f3wulf, Unfer\u00f0) ma\u00f0elode, twenty-four with monosyllables in\ngeneral (him, sw\u00e2, s\u00ea, hw\u00e4t, \u00fe\u00e2, h\u00eaht, w\u00e4s, m\u00e4g, cw\u00f4m, str\u00e6t).\n\nl. 58. gamel. \"The ... characteristics of the poetry are the use of archaic\nforms and words, such as mec for m\u00e9, the possessive s\u00edn, gamol, d\u00f3gor, sw\u00e1t\nfor eald, d\u00e6g, bl\u00f3d, etc., after they had become obsolete in the prose\nlanguage, and the use of special compounds and phrases, such as hilden\u00e6dre\n(_war-adder_) for 'arrow,' gold-gifa (_gold-giver_) for 'king,' ...\ngoldwine gumena (_goldfriend of men, distributor of gold to men_) for\n'king,'\" etc.--Sw. Other poetic words are ides, ielde (_men_), etc.\n\nl. 60. H.-So. reads r\u00e6swa (referring to Heorog\u00e2r alone), and places a point\n(with the Ms.) after Heorog\u00e2r instead of after r\u00e6swa. Cf. l. 469; see B.,\n_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 193.\n\nl. 62. Elan here (OHG. _Elana, Ellena, Elena, Elina, Alyan_) is thought by\nB. (_Tidskr_. viii. 43) to be a remnant of the masc. name Onela, and he\nreads: [On-]elan ew\u00ean, Hea\u00f0oscilfingas(=es) healsgebedda.\n\nl. 68. For h\u00ea, omitted here, cf. l. 300. Pronouns are occasionally thus\nomitted insubord. clauses.--Sw.\n\nl. 70. \u00feone, here = \u00feonne, _than_, and micel = m\u00e2re? The passage, by a\nslight change, might be made to read, medo-\u00e4rn micle m\u00e2 gewyrcean,--\u00feone =\n_by much larger than_,--in which \u00feone (\u00feonne) would come in naturally.\n\nl. 73. folc-scare. Add _folk-share_ to the meanings in the Gloss.; and cf.\ng\u00fb\u00f0-scearu.\n\nl. 74. ic wide gefr\u00e4gn: an epic formula very frequent in poetry, = _men\nsaid._ Cf. _Judith_, ll. 7, 246; _Phoenix_, l. 1; and the parallel (noun)\nformula, m\u00eene gefr\u00e6ge, ll. 777, 838, 1956, etc.\n\nll. 78-83. \"The hall was a rectangular, high-roofed, wooden building, its\nlong sides facing north and south. The two gables, at either end, had\nstag-horns on their points, curving forwards, and these, as well as the\nridge of the roof, were probably covered with shining metal, and glittered\nbravely in the sun.\"--Br., p. 32.\n\nl. 84. _Son-in-law and father-in-law;_ B., a so-called _dvanda_ compound.\nCf. l. 1164, where a similar compound means _uncle and nephew;_ and\nW\u00eeds\u00ee\u00f0's suhtorf\u00e6dran, used of the same persons.\n\nl. 88. \"The word dre\u00e1m conveys the buzz and hum of social happiness, and\nmore particularly the sound of music and singing.\"--E. Cf. l. 3021; and\n_Judith_, l. 350; _Wanderer_, l. 79, etc.\n\nll. 90-99. There is a suspicious similarity between this passage and the\nlines attributed by Bede to C\u00e6dmon:\n\n    N\u00fb w\u00ea sculan herian heofonrices Weard, etc.\n      --Sw., p. 47.\n\nll. 90-98 are probably the interpolation of a Christian scribe.\n\nll. 92-97. \"The first of these Christian elements [in _Be\u00f3wulf_] is the\nsense of a fairer, softer world than that in which the Northern warriors\nlived.... Another Christian passage (ll. 107, 1262) derives all the demons,\neotens, elves, and dreadful sea-beasts from the race of Cain. The folly of\nsacrificing to the heathen gods is spoken of (l. 175).... The other point\nis the belief in immortality (ll. 1202, 1761).\"--Br. 71.\n\nl. 100. Cf. l. 2211, where the third dragon of the poem is introduced in\nthe same words. Beowulf is the forerunner of that other national\ndragon-slayer, St. George.\n\nl. 100. onginnan in _Be\u00f3wulf_ is treated like verbs of motion and modal\nauxiliaries, and takes the object inf. without t\u00f4; cf. ll. 872, 1606, 1984,\n244. Cf. _gan_ (= _did_) in Mid. Eng.: _gan_ espye (Chaucer, _Knightes\nTale_, l. 254, ed. Morris).\n\nl. 101. B. and H.-So. read, fe\u00f3nd on healle; cf. l. 142.--_Beit._ xii.\n\nll. 101-151. \"Grimm connects [Grendel] with the Anglo-Saxon grindel (_a\nbolt_ or _bar_).... It carries with it the notion of the bolts and bars of\nhell, and hence _a fiend._ ... Ettm\u00fcller was the first ... to connect the\nname with grindan, _to grind, to crush to pieces, to utterly destroy._\nGrendel is then _the tearer, the destroyer_.\"--Br., p. 83.\n\nl. 102. g\u00e4st = _stranger_ (Ha.); cf. ll. 1139, 1442, 2313, etc.\n\nl. 103. See Ha., p. 4.\n\nl. 106. \"The perfect and pluperfect are often expressed, as in Modern\nEnglish, by h\u00e6f\u00f0 and h\u00e6fde with the past participle.\"--Sw. Cf. ll. 433,\n408, 940, 205 (p. p. inflected in the last two cases), etc.\n\nl. 106. S. destroys period here, reads in Caines, etc., and puts \u00feone ...\ndrihten in parenthesis.\n\nl. 108. \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee = _because_, especially after verbs of thanking (cf. ll.\n228, 627, 1780, 2798); _according as_ (l. 1351).\n\nl. 108. The def. article is omitted with Drihten (_Lord_) and Deofol\n(_devil_; cf. l. 2089), as it is, generally, sparingly employed in poetry;\ncf. t\u00f4 s\u00e6 (l. 318), ofer s\u00e6 (l. 2381), on lande (l. 2311), t\u00f4 r\u00e4ste (l.\n1238), on wicge (l. 286), etc., etc.\n\nl. 119. weras (S., H.-So.); wera (K., Th.).--_Beit._ ix. 137.\n\nl. 120. unf\u00e6lo = _uncanny_ (R.).\n\nl. 131. E. translates, _majestic rage;_ adopting Gr.'s view that swy\u00f0 is =\nIcel. svi\u00f0i, _a burn_ or _burning_. Cf. l. 737.\n\nl. 142. B. supposes heal-\u00feegnes to be corrupted from hel\u00feegnes; cf. l.\n101.--_Beit._ xii. 80. See G\u00fb\u00f0l\u00e2c, l. 1042.\n\nl. 144. See Ha., p. 6, for S.'s rearrangement.\n\nl. 146. S. destroys period after s\u00ealest, puts w\u00e4s ... micel in parenthesis,\nand inserts a colon after t\u00eed.\n\nl. 149. B. reads s\u00e2rcwidum for sy\u00f0\u00f0an.\n\nl. 154. B. takes sibbe for accus. obj. of wolde, and places a comma after\nDeniga.--_Beit._ xii. 82.\n\nl. 159. R. suggests ac se for atol.\n\nl. 168. H.-So. plausibly conjectures this parenthesis to be a late\ninsertion, as, at ll. 180-181, the Danes also are said to be heathen.\nAnother commentator considers the throne under a \"spell of enchantment,\"\nand therefore it could not be touched.\n\nl. 169. ne ... wisse: _nor had he desire to do so_ (W.). See Ha., p. 7, for\nother suggestions.\n\nl. 169. myne wisse occurs in _Wanderer_, l. 27.\n\nl. 174. The gerundial inf. with t\u00f4 expresses purpose, defines a noun or\nadjective, or, with the verb be, expresses duty or necessity passively; cf.\nll. 257, 473, 1004, 1420, 1806, etc. Cf. t\u00f4 + inf. at ll. 316, 2557.\n\nll. 175-188. E. regards this passage as dating the time and place of the\npoem relatively to the times of heathenism. Cf. the opening lines, _In days\nof yore_, etc., as if the story, even then, were very old.\n\nl. 177. g\u00e2st-bona is regarded by Ettm\u00fcller and G. Stephens (_Thunor_, p.\n54) as an epithet of Thor (= _giant-killer_), a kenning for Thunor or Thor,\nmeaning both _man_ and _monster_.--E.\n\nl. 189. Cf. l. 1993, where similar language is used. H.-So. takes both\nm\u00f4d-ceare and m\u00e6l-ceare as accus., others as instr.\n\nll. 190, 1994. se\u00e1\u00f0: for this use of se\u00f3\u00f0an cf. Bede, _Eccles. Hist._, ed.\nMiller, p. 128, where p. p. soden is thus used.\n\nl. 194. fram h\u00e2m = _in his home_ (S., H.-So.); but fram h\u00e2m may be for fram\nhim (_from them_, i.e. _his people_, or _from Hrothgar's_). Cf. Ha., p. 8.\n\nl. 197. Cf. ll. 791, 807, for this fixed phrase.\n\nl. 200. See _Andreas, Elene_, and _Juliana_ for swan-r\u00e2d (_= sea_). \"The\nswan is said to breed wild now no further away than the North of Sweden.\"\n--E. Cf. ganotes b\u00e4\u00f0, l. 1862.\n\nl. 203. Concessive clauses with \u00fee\u00e1h, \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee, \u00fee\u00e1h ... eal, vary with\nsubj. and ind., according as fact or contingency is dominant in the mind;\ncf. ll. 526, 1168, 2032, etc. (subj.), 1103, 1614 (ind.). Cf. gif, nefne.\n\nl. 204. h\u00e6l, an OE. word found in W\u00fclker's Glossaries in various forms, =\n_augury, omen, divination_, etc. Cf. h\u00e6lsere, _augur_; h\u00e6l, _omen;_\nh\u00e6lsung, _augurium_, h\u00e6lsian, etc. Cf. Tac., _Germania_, 10.\n\nl. 207. C. adds \"= _impetrare_\" to the other meanings of findan given in\nthe Gloss.\n\nl. 217. Cf. l. 1910; and _Andreas_, l. 993.--E. E. compares Byron's\n\n    \"And fast and falcon-like the vessel flew,\"\n       --_Corsair_, i.17.\n\nand Scott's\n\n    \"Merrily, merrily bounds the bark.\"\n      --_Lord of the Isles_, iv. 7.\n\nl. 218. Cf.\n    \"The fomy stedes on the golden brydel\n    Gnawinge.\"\n      --Chaucer, _Knightes Tale_, l. 1648, ed. Morris.\n\nl. 219. Does \u00e2n-t\u00eed mean _hour_ (Th.), or _corresponding hour_ = \u00e2nd-t\u00eed\n(H.-So.), or _in due time_ (E.), or _after a time_, when \u00f4\u00feres, etc., would\nbe adv. gen.? See C., _Beit._ viii. 568.\n\nl. 224. eoletes may = (1) _voyage_; (2) _toil, labor_; (3) _hurried\njourney;_ but _sea_ or _fjord_ appears preferable.\n\nll. 229-257. \"The scenery ... is laid on the coast of the North Sea and the\nKattegat, the first act of the poem among the Danes in Seeland, the second\namong the Geats in South Sweden.\"--Br., p. 15.\n\nl. 239. \"A shoal of simple terms express in _Be\u00f3wulf_ the earliest\nsea-thoughts of the English.... The simplest term is S\u00e6.... To this they\nadded W\u00e6ter, Flod, Stream, Lagu, Mere, Holm, Grund, Heathu, Sund, Brim,\nGarsecg, Eagor, Geofon, Fifel, Hron-rad, Swan-rad, Segl-rad,\nGanotes-b\u00e6\u00f0.\"--Br., p. 163-166.\n\nl. 239. \"The infinitive is often used in poetry after a verb of motion\nwhere we should use the present participle.\"--Sw. Cf. ll. 711, 721, 1163\n1803, 268, etc. Cf. German _spazieren fahren reiten_, etc., and similar\nconstructions in French, etc.\n\nl. 240, W. reads hringed-stefnan for helmas b\u00e6ron. B. inserts (?) after\nholmas and begins a new line at the middle of the verse. S. omits B.'s \"on\nthe wall.\"\n\nl. 245. Double and triple negatives strengthen each other and do not\nproduce an affirmative in A.-S. or M. E. The neg. is often prefixed to\nseveral emphatic words in the sentence, and readily contracts with vowels,\nand h or w; cf. ll. 863, 182, 2125, 1509, 575, 583, 3016, etc.\n\nl. 249. seld-guma = _man-at-arms in another's house_ (Wood); = _low-ranking\nfellow_ (Ha.); stubenhocker, _stay-at-home_ (Gr.), Scott's \"carpet knight,\"\n_Marmion_, i. 5.\n\nl. 250. n\u00e4fne (nefne, nemne) usually takes the subj., = _unless_; cf. ll.\n1057, 3055, 1553. For ind., = _except_, see l. 1354. Cf. b\u00fbtan, gif, \u00fee\u00e1h.\n\nl. 250. For a remarkable account of armor and weapons in _Be\u00f3wulf_, see S.\nA. Brooke, _Hist. of Early Eng. Lit_. For general \"Old Teutonic Life in\nBe\u00f3wulf,\" see J. A. Harrison, _Overland Monthly_.\n\nl. 252. \u00e6r as a conj. generally has subj., as here; cf. ll. 264, 677, 2819,\n732. For ind., cf. l. 2020.\n\nl. 253. le\u00e1s = _loose_, _roving_. Ettm\u00fcller corrected to le\u00e1se.\n\nl. 256. This proverb (\u00f4fest, etc.) occurs in _Exod_. (Hunt), l. 293.\n\nl. 258. An \"elder\" may be a very young man; hence yldesta, = _eminent_, may\nbe used of Beowulf. Cf. _Laws of \u00c6lfred_, C. 17: N\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00e6lc eald s\u00fd, ac \u00fe\u00e4t\nhe eald s\u00fd on w\u00eesd\u00f4me.\n\nl. 273. Verbs of hearing and seeing are often followed by acc. with inf.;\ncf. ll. 229, 1024, 729, 1517, etc. Cf. German construction with _sehen,\nhoren_, etc., French construction with _voir, entendre_, etc., and the\nclassical constructions.\n\nl. 275. d\u00e6d-hata = _instigator_. Kl. reads d\u00e6d-hwata.\n\nl. 280. ed-wendan, n. (B.; cf. 1775), = edwenden, limited by bisigu. So ten\nBr. = _Tidskr_. viii. 291.\n\nl. 287. \"Each is denoted ... also by the strengthened forms '\u00e6ghw\u00e6\u00f0er\n('\u00e6g\u00f0er), \u00e9ghw\u00e6\u00f0er, etc. This prefixed '\u00e6, \u00f3e corresponds to the Goth,\n_aiw_, OHG. _eo_, _io_, and is umlauted from \u00e1, \u00f3 by the i of the gi which\noriginally followed.\"--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 190.\n\nl. 292. \"All through the middle ages suits of armour are called\n'weeds.'\"--E.\n\nl. 303. \"An English warrior went into battle with a boar-crested helmet,\nand a round linden shield, with a byrnie of ringmail ... with two javelins\nor a single ashen spear some eight or ten feet long, with a long two-edged\nsword naked or held in an ornamental scabbard.... In his belt was a short,\nheavy, one-edged sword, or rather a long knife, called the seax ... used\nfor close quarters.\"--Br., p. 121.\n\nl. 303. For other references to the boar-crest, cf. ll. 1112, 1287, 1454;\nGrimm, _Myth._ 195; Tacitus, _Germania_, 45. \"It was the symbol of their\n[the Baltic \u00c6stii's] goddess, and they had great faith in it as a\npreservative from hard knocks.\"--E. See the print in the illus. ed. of\nGreen's _Short History_, Harper & Bros.\n\nl. 303. \"See Kemble, _Saxons in England_, chapter on heathendom, and\nGrimm's _Teutonic Mythology_, chapter on Freyr, for the connection these\nand other writers establish between the Boar-sign and the golden boar which\nFreyr rode, and his worship.\"--Br., p. 128. Cf. _Elene_, l. 50.\n\nl. 304. Gering proposes hle\u00f3r-bergan = _cheek-protectors_; cf. _Beit._ xii.\n26. \"A bronze disk found at \u00d6land in Sweden represents two warriors in\nhelmets with boars as their crests, and cheek-guards under; these are the\nhle\u00f3r-bergan.\"--E. Cf. hauberk, with its diminutive habergeon, < A.-S.\nheals, _neck_ + beorgan, _to cover_ or _protect_; and harbor, < A.-S. here,\n_army_ + beorgan, id.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ xii. 123. Cf. cinberge, Hunt's\n_Exod._ l. 175.\n\nl. 305. For ferh wearde and g\u00fb\u00f0m\u00f4de grummon, B. and ten Br. read\nferh-wearde (l. 305) and g\u00fb\u00f0m\u00f4dgum men (l. 306), = _the boar-images ...\nguarded the lives of the warlike men_.\n\nl. 311. le\u00f3ma: cf. Chaucer, _Nonne Preestes Tale_, l. 110, ed. Morris:\n\n    \"To dremen in here dremes\n    Of armes, and of fyr with rede _lemes_.\"\n\nl. 318. On the double gender of s\u00e6, cf. Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 147; and\nnote the omitted article at ll. 2381, 318, 544, with the peculiar tmesis of\n_between_ at ll. 859, 1298, 1686, 1957. So _C\u00e6dmon_, l. 163 (Thorpe),\n_Exod._ l. 562 (Hunt), etc.\n\nl. 320. Cf. l. 924; and _Andreas_, l. 987, where almost the same words\noccur. \"Here we have manifestly before our eye one of those ancient\ncauseways, which are among the oldest visible institutions of\ncivilization.\" --E.\n\nl. 322. S. inserts comma after sc\u00eer, and makes hring-\u00eeren (= _ring-mail_)\nparallel with g\u00fb\u00f0-byrne.\n\nl. 325. Cf. l. 397. \"The deposit of weapons outside before entering a house\nwas the rule at all periods.... In provincial Swedish almost everywhere a\nchurch porch is called v\u00e5kenhus,... i.e. _weapon-house_, because the\nworshippers deposited their arms there before they entered the house.\"--E.,\nafter G. Stephens.\n\nl. 333. Cf. Dryden's \"mingled metal _damask'd_ o'er with gold.\"--E.\n\nl. 336. \"\u00e6l-, el-, kindred with Goth. _aljis_, other, e.g. in \u00e6l\u00fe\u00e9odig,\nel\u00fe\u00e9odig, foreign.\"--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 47.\n\nl. 336. Cf. l. 673 for the functions of an ombiht-\u00feegn.\n\nl. 343. Cf. l. 1714 for the same be\u00f3d-gene\u00e1tas,--\"the predecessor title to\nthat of the Knights of the Table Round.\"--E. Cf. _Andreas_ (K.), l. 2177.\n\nl. 344. The future is sometimes expressed by willan + inf., generally with\nsome idea of volition involved; cf. ll. 351, 427, etc. Cf. the use of\nwillan as principal vb. (with omitted inf.) at ll. 318, 1372, 543, 1056;\nand sculan, ll. 1784, 2817.\n\nl. 353. s\u00ee\u00f0 here, and at l. 501, probably means _arrival_. E. translates\nthe former by _visit_, the latter by _adventure_.\n\nl. 357. unh\u00e2r = _hairless, bald_ (Gr., etc.).\n\nl. 358. eode is only one of four or five preterits of g\u00e2n (gongan, gangan,\ngengan), viz. ge\u00f3ng (gi\u00f3ng: ll. 926, 2410, etc.), gang (l. 1296, etc.),\ngengde (ll. 1402, 1413). Sievers, p. 217, apparently remarks that eode is\n\"probably used only in prose.\" (?!). Cf. geng, _Gen._ ll. 626, 834; _Exod._\n(Hunt) l. 102.\n\nl. 367. The MS. and H.-So. read with Gr. and B. gl\u00e4dman Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, abandoning\nThorkelin's gl\u00e4dnian. There is a glass. hilaris gl\u00e4dman.--_Beit._ xii. 84;\nsame as gl\u00e4d.\n\nl. 369. dugan is a \"preterit-present\" verb, with new wk. preterit, like\nsculan, durran, magan, etc. For various inflections, see ll. 573, 590,\n1822, 526. Cf. _do_ in \"that will _do_\"; _doughty_, etc.\n\nl. 372. Cf. l. 535 for a similar use; and l. 1220. Bede, _Eccles. Hist._,\ned. Miller, uses the same expression several times. \"Here, and in all other\nplaces where cniht occurs in this poem, it seems to carry that technical\nsense which it bore in the military hierarchy [of a noble youth placed out\nand learning the elements of the art of war in the service of a qualified\nwarrior, to whom he is, in a military sense, a servant], before it bloomed\nout in the full sense of _knight_.\"--E.\n\nl. 373. E. remarks of the hyphened eald-f\u00e4der, \"hyphens are risky toys to\nplay with in fixing texts of pre-hyphenial antiquity\"; eald-f\u00e4der could\nonly = _grandfather_. eald here can only mean _honored_, and the hyphen is\nunnecessary. Cf. \"old fellow,\" \"my old man,\" etc.; and Ger. _alt-vater_.\n\nl. 378. Th. and B. propose Ge\u00e1tum, as presents from the Danish to the\nGeatish king.--_Beit._ xii.\n\nl. 380. h\u00e4bbe. The subj. is used in indirect narration and question, wish\nand command, purpose, result, and hypothetical comparison with swelce = _as\nif_.\n\nll. 386, 387. Ten Br. emends to read: \"Hurry, bid the kinsman-throng go\ninto the hall together.\"\n\nl. 387. sibbe-gedriht, for Beowulf's friends, occurs also at l. 730. It is\nsubject-acc. to se\u00f3n. Cf. ll. 347, 365, and Hunt's _Exod_. l. 214.\n\nl. 404. \"Here, as in the later Icelandic halls, Beowulf saw Hrothgar\nenthroned on a high seat at the east end of the hall. The seat is sacred.\nIt has a supernatural quality. Grendel, the fiend, cannot approach\nit.\"--Br., p. 34. Cf. l. 168.\n\nl. 405. \"At Benty Grange, in Derbyshire, an Anglo-Saxon barrow, opened in\n1848, contained a coat of mail. 'The iron chain work consists of a large\nnumber of links of two kinds attached to each other by small rings half an\ninch in diameter; one kind flat and lozenge-shaped ... the others all of\none kind, but of different lengths.'\"--Br., p. 126.\n\nl. 407. Wes ... h\u00e2l: this ancient Teutonic greeting afterwards grew into\nwassail. Cf. Skeat's _Luke_, i. 28; _Andreas_ (K.), 1827; Layamon, l.\n14309, etc.\n\nl. 414. \"The distinction between wesan and weor\u00f0an [in passive relations]\nis not very clearly defined, but wesan appears to indicate a state, weor\u00f0an\ngenerally an action.\"--Sw. Cf. Mod. German _werden_ and _sein_ in similar\nrelations.\n\nl. 414. Gr. translates h\u00e2dor by _receptaculum_; cf. Gering, _Zachers\nZeitschr._ xii. 124. Toller-Bosw. ignores Gr.'s suggestion.\n\nll. 420, 421. B. reads: \u00fe\u00e6r ic (_on_) f\u00eefelgeban (= _ocean_) \u00fd\u00f0de eotena\ncyn. Ten Br. reads: \u00fe\u00e6r ic f\u00eefelgeban \u00fd\u00f0de, eotena h\u00e2m. Ha. suggests\nf\u00eefelgeband = _monster-band_, without further changes.\n\nl. 420. R. reads \u00fe\u00e6ra = _of them_, for \u00fe\u00e6r.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 399;\n_Beit._ xii. 367.\n\nl. 420. \"niht has a gen., nihtes, used for the most part only adverbially,\nand almost certainly to be regarded as masculine.\"--Cook's Sievers' Gram.,\np. 158.\n\nl. 425. Cf. also ll. 435, 635, 2345, for other examples of Beowulf's\ndetermination to fight single-handed.\n\nl. 441. \u00fee hine = _whom_, as at l. 1292, etc. The indeclinable \u00fee is often\nthus combined with personal pronouns, = relative, and is sometimes\nseparated from them by a considerable interval.--Sw.\n\nl. 443. The MS. has Geotena. B. and Fahlbeck, says H.-So., do not consider\nthe Ge\u00e1tas, but the Jutes, as the inhabitants of Swedish West-Gothland.\nAlfred translates Juti by Ge\u00e1tas, but _Jutland_ by _Gotland_. In the laws\nthey are called Guti.--_Beit._ xii. 1, etc.\n\nl. 444. B., Gr., and Ha. make unforhte an adv. = _fearlessly_, modifying\netan. Kl. reads anforhte = _timid_.\n\nl. 446. Cf. l. 2910. Th. translates: _thou wilt not need my head to hide_\n(i.e. _bury_). Simrock supposes a dead-watch or lyke-wake to be meant.\nWood, _thou wilt not have to bury so much as my head!_ H.-So. supposes\nhe\u00e1fod-weard, _a guard of honor_, such as sovereigns or presumptive rulers\nhad, to be meant by hafalan h\u00fddan; hence, _you need not give me any guard_,\netc. Cf. Schmid, _Gesetze der A._, 370-372.\n\nl. 447. S. places a colon after nime\u00f0.\n\nl. 451. H.-So., Ha., and B. (_Beit._ xii. 87) agree essentially in\ntranslating feorme, _food_. R. translates _consumption of my corpse.\nMaintenance, support_, seems preferable to either.\n\nl. 452. R\u00f6nning (after Grimm) personifies Hild.--_Beovulfs Kvadet_, l. 59.\nHildr is the name of one of the Scandinavian Walkyries, or battle-maidens,\nwho transport the spirits of the slain to Walhalla. Cf. Kent's _Elene_, l.\n18, etc.\n\nl. 455. \"The war-smiths, especially as forgers of the sword, were garmented\nwith legend, and made into divine personages. Of these Weland is the type,\nhusband of a swan maiden, and afterwards almost a god.\"-- Br., p. 120. Cf.\nA. J. C. Hare's account of \"Wayland Smith's sword with which Henry II. was\nknighted,\" and which hung in Westminster Abbey to a late date.--_Walks in\nLondon_, ii. 228.\n\nl. 455. This is the \u00e6lces mannes wyrd of Boethius (Sw., p. 44) and the wyrd\nbi\u00f0 sw\u00ee\u00f0ost of Gnomic Verses, 5. There are about a dozen references to it\nin _Be\u00f3wulf_.\n\nl. 455. E. compares the fatalism of this concluding hemistich with the\nChristian tone of l. 685 _seq._\n\nll. 457, 458. B. reads w\u00e6re-ryhtum ( = _from the obligations of\nclientage_).\n\nl. 480. Cf. l. 1231, where the same sense, \"flown with wine,\" occurs.\n\nl. 488. \"The dugu\u00f0, the mature and ripe warriors, the aristocracy of the\nnation, are the support of the throne.\"--E. The M. E. form of the word,\n_douth_, occurs often. Associated with geogo\u00f0, ll. 160 and 622.\n\nl. 489. Kl. omits comma after meoto and reads (with B.) sige-hr\u00ea\u00f0-secgum, =\n_disclose thy thought to the victor-heroes_. Others, as K\u00f6rner, convert\nmeoto into an imperative and divide on s\u00e6l = _think upon happiness_. But\ncf. onband beadu-r\u00fbne, l. 501. B. supposes ons\u00e6l meoto =_speak courteous\nwords_. _Tidskr_. viii. 292; _Haupts Zeitschr._ xi. 411; _Eng. Stud_. ii.\n251.\n\nl. 489. Cf. the invitation at l. 1783.\n\nl. 494. Cf. Grimm's _Andreas_, l. 1097, for deal, =_proud, elated,\nexulting; Phoenix_ (Bright), l. 266.\n\nl. 499. MS. has Hunfer\u00f0, but the alliteration requires \u00dbnfer\u00f0, as at ll.\n499, 1166, 1489; and cf. ll. 1542, 2095, 2930. See _List of Names_.\n\nl. 501. s\u00ee\u00f0 = _arrival_ (?); cf. l. 353.\n\nl. 504. \u00feon m\u00e2 = _the more_ (?), may be added to the references under \u00feon.\n\nl. 506. E. compares the taunt of Eliab to David, I Sam. xvii. 28.\n\nl. 509. dol-gilp = _idle boasting_. The second definition in the Gloss. is\nwrong.\n\nl. 513. \"Eagor-stream might possibly be translated the stream of Eagor, the\nawful terror-striking stormy sea in which the terrible [Scandinavian] giant\ndwelt, and through which he acted.\"--Br., p. 164. He remarks, \"The English\nterm _eagre_ still survives in provincial dialect for the tide-wave or bore\non rivers. Dryden uses it in his _Threnod. Angust._ 'But like an _eagre_\nrode in triumph o'er the tide.' Yet we must be cautious,\" etc. Cf. Fox's\n_Boethius_, ll. 20, 236; Thorpe's _C\u00e6dmon_, 69, etc.\n\nl. 524. Kr\u00fcger and B. read B\u00e2nst\u00e2nes.--_Beit._ ix. 573.\n\nl. 525. R. reads wyrsan (= wyrses: cf. Mod. Gr. _guten Muthes_) ge\u00feinges;\nbut H.-So. shows that the MS. wyrsan ... \u00feingea = wyrsena \u00feinga, _can\nstand_; cf. gen. pl. banan, _Christ_, l. 66, etc.\n\nl. 534. Insert, under eard-lufa (in Gloss.), earfo\u00f0, st. n., _trouble,\ndifficulty, struggle_; acc. pl. earfe\u00f0o, 534.\n\nl. 545 _seq._ \"Five nights Beowulf and Breca kept together, not swimming,\nbut sailing in open boats (to swim the seas is to sail the seas), then\nstorm drove them asunder ... Breca is afterwards chief of the Brondings, a\ntribe mentioned in _W\u00eeds\u00edth_. The story seems legendary, not\nmythical.\"--Br., pp. 60, 61.\n\nll. 574-578. B. suggests sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r for hw\u00e4\u00f0ere, = _so there it befell me_.\nBut the word at l. 574 seems = _however_, and at l. 578 = _yet_; cf. l.\n891; see S.; _Beit._ ix. 138; _Tidskr_. viii. 48; _Zacher_, iii. 387, etc.\n\nl. 586. Gr. and Grundt. read f\u00e2gum sweordum (no ic \u00fe\u00e4s fela gylpe!),\nsupplying fela and blending the broken half-lines into one. Ho. and Kl.\nsupply geflites.\n\nl. 599. E. translates n\u00fdd-b\u00e2de by _blackmail_; adding \"n\u00ead b\u00e2d, _toll_; n\u00ead\nb\u00e2dere, _tolltaker_.\"--Land Charters, Gloss, v.\n\nl. 601. MS. has ond = _and_ in three places only (601, 1149, 2041);\nelsewhere it uses the symbol 7 = _and_.\n\nl. 612. _seq._ Cf. the drinking ceremony at l. 1025. \"The royal lady offers\nthe cup to Beowulf, not in his turn where he sate among the rest, but after\nit has gone the round; her approach to Beowulf is an act apart.\"--E.\n\nl. 620. \"The [loving] cup which went the round of the company and was\ntasted by all,\" like the Oriel and other college anniversary cups.--E.\n\nl. 622. Cf. ll. 160, 1191, for the respective places of young and old.\n\nl. 623. Cf. the circlet of gold worn by Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w at l. 1164.\n\nl. 631. gyddode. Cf. Chaucer, _Prol._ l. 237 (ed. Morris):\n\n    \"Of _yeddynges_ he bar utterly the prys.\"\n\nCf. _giddy_.\n\nl. 648. Kl. suggests a period after ge\u00feinged, especially as B. (_Tidskr_.\nviii. 57) has shown that o\u00fe\u00fee is sometimes = ond. Th. supplies ne.\n\nl. 650. o\u00fe\u00fee here and at ll. 2476, 3007, probably = _and_.\n\nl. 651. Cf. 704, where sceadu-genga (the _night-ganger_ of _Leechdoms_, ii.\n344) is applied to the demon.--E.\n\nl. 659. Cf. l. 2431 for same formula, \"to have and to hold\" of the Marriage\nService.--E.\n\nl. 681. B. considers \u00fee\u00e1h ... eal a precursor of Mod. Eng. _although_.\n\nl. 682. g\u00f4dra = _advantages in battle_ (Gr.), _battle-skill_ (Ha.), _skill\nin war_ (H.-So.). Might not n\u00e2t be changed to nah = ne + \u00e2h (cf. l. 2253),\nthus justifying the translation _ability_ (?) --_he has not the ability\nto_, etc.\n\nl. 695. Kl. reads hiera.--_Beit._ ix. 189. B. omits h\u00eee as occurring in the\nprevious hemistich.--_Beit._ xii. 89.\n\nl. 698. \"Here Destiny is a web of cloth.\"--E., who compares the Greek\nClotho, \"spinster of fate.\" Women are also called \"weavers of peace,\" as l.\n1943. Cf. Kent's _Elene_, l. 88; _W\u00eeds\u00ee\u00f0_, l. 6, etc.\n\nl. 711. B. translates \u00fe\u00e2 by _when_ and connects with the preceding\nsentences, thus rejecting the ordinary canto-division at l. 711. He objects\nto the use of com as principal vb. at ll. 703, 711, and 721. (_Beit_, xii.)\n\nl. 711. \"Perhaps the Gnomic verse which tells of Thyrs, the giant, is\nwritten with Grendel in the writer's mind,--\u00feyrs sceal on fenne gewunian\n\u00e2na inuan lande, _the giant shall dwell in the fen, alone in the land_\n(Sweet's Read., p. 187).\"--Br. p. 36.\n\nl. 717. Dietrich, in _Haupt._ xi. 419, quotes from \u00c6lfric, _Hom._ ii. 498:\nh\u00ea beworhte \u00fe\u00e2 bigelsas mid gyldenum l\u00e6frum, _he covered the arches with\ngold-leaf_,--a Roman custom derived from Carthage. Cf. Mod. Eng. _oriel_ =\n_aureolum_, a gilded room.--E. (quoting Skeat). Cf. ll. 2257, 1097, 2247,\n2103, 2702, 2283, 333, 1751, for various uses of gold-sheets.\n\nl. 720. B. and ten Br. suggest _hell-thane_ (Grendel) for heal-\u00feegnas, and\nmake h\u00e4le refer to Beowulf. Cf. l. 142.\n\nl. 723. Z. reads [ge]hr\u00e2n.\n\nl. 727. For this use of standan, cf. ll. 2314, 2770; and Vergil, _Ecl._ ii. 26:\n\n    \"Cum placidum ventis _staret_ mare.\"\n\nl. 757. gedr\u00e4g. _Tumult_ is one of the meanings of this word. Here, appar.\n= _occupation, lair_.\n\nl. 759. R. reads m\u00f4dega for g\u00f4da, \"because the attribute cannot be\nseparated from the word modified unless the two alliterate.\"\n\nl. 762. Cf. _Andreas_, l. 1537, for a similar use of \u00fbt = _off_.--E.\n\nl. 769. The foreign words in _Be\u00f3wulf_ (as ceaster-here) are not numerous;\nothers are (aside from proper names like _Cain, Abel_, etc.) de\u00f3fol\n(diabolus), candel (l. 1573), ancor (l. 303), scr\u00eefan (for- ge-), segn (l.\n47), gigant (l. 113), m\u00eel- (l. 1363), str\u00e6t (l. 320), ombeht (l. 287), gim\n(l. 2073), etc.\n\nl. 770. MS. reads cerwen, a word conceived by B. and others to be part of a\nfem. compd.: -scerwen like -wenden in ed-wenden, -r\u00e6den, etc. (cf.\nmeodu-scerpen in _Andreas_, l. 1528); emended to -scerwen, _a great scare\nunder the figure of a mishap at a drinking-bout_; one might compare\nbescerwan, _to deprive_, from bescyrian (Grein, i. 93), hence ealu-scerwen\nwould = _a sudden taking away, deprivation, of the beer_.--H.-So., p. 93.\nSee B., _Tidskr_. viii. 292.\n\nl. 771. Ten Br. reads r\u00ea\u00f0e, r\u00eanhearde, = _raging, exceeding bold_.\n\nl. 792. Instrumental adverbial phrases like \u00e6nige \u00feinga, n\u00e6nige \u00feinga (_not\nat all_), h\u00fbru \u00feinga (_especially_) are not infrequent. See Cook's Sievers'\nGram., p. 178; March, _A.-S. Gram._, p. 182.\n\nl. 811. myr\u00f0e. E. translates _in wanton mood_. Toller-Bosw. does not\nrecognize _sorrow_ as one of the meanings of this word.\n\nll. 850, 851. S. reads de\u00f3p for de\u00f3g and erases semicolon after we\u00f3l, =\n_the death-stained deep welled with sword-gore_; cf. l. 1424. B. reads\nde\u00e1\u00f0-f\u00e6ges de\u00f3p, etc., = _the deep welled with the doomed one's\ngore_.--_Beit._ xii. 89.\n\nl. 857. The meaning of blaneum is partly explained by fealwe mearas below,\nl. 866. Cf. Layamon's \"and leop on his _blancke\" = steed_, l. 23900; Kent's\n_Elene_, l. 1185.\n\nl. 859. K\u00f6rner, _Eng. Stud_. i. 482, regards the oft-recurring be s\u00e6m\ntwe\u00f3num as a mere formula = _on earth_; cf. ll. 1298, 1686. twe\u00f3ne is part\nof the separable prep. _between_; see be-. Cf. Baskerville's _Andreas_, l.\n558.\n\nl. 865. Cf. _Voyage of \u00d4hthere and Wulfst\u00e2n_ for an account of funeral\nhorse-racing, Sweet's Read., p. 22.\n\nl. 868. See Ha., p. 31, for a variant translation.\n\nl. 871 _seq._ R. considers this a technical description of improvised\nalliterative verse, suggested by and wrought out on the spur of the moment.\n\nl. 872. R. and B. propose secg[an], = _rehearse_, for secg, which suits the\nverbs in the next two lines.\n\nll. 878-98. \"It pleases me to think that it is in English literature we\npossess the first sketch of that mighty saga [the Volsunga Saga = W\u00e4lsinges\ngewin] which has for so many centuries engaged all the arts, and at last in\nthe hands of Wagner the art of music.\"--Br., p. 63. Cf. _Nibelung. Lied_,\nl. 739.\n\nl. 894. Intransitive verbs, as g\u00e2n, weor\u00f0an, sometimes take habban, \"to\nindicate independent action.\"--Sw. Cf. hafa\u00f0 ... geworden, l. 2027.\n\nl. 895. \"br\u00fbcan (_enjoy_) always has the genitive.\"--Sw.; cf. l. 895; acc.,\ngen., instr., dat., according to March, _A.-S. Gram._, p. 151.\n\nl. 898. Scherer proposes h\u00e2te, = _from heat_, instr. of h\u00e2t, _heat_; cf. l.\n2606.\n\nl. 901. h\u00ea \u00fe\u00e4s \u00e2ron \u00fe\u00e2h = _he throve in honor_ (B.). Ten Br. inserts comma\nafter \u00fe\u00e2h, making si\u00f0\u00f0an introduce a depend. clause.--_Beit._ viii. 568.\nCf. weor\u00f0-myndum \u00fe\u00e2h, l. 8; ll. 1155, 1243.--H.-So.\n\nl. 902. Herem\u00f4des is considered by Heinzel to be a mere epithet = _the\nvaliant_; which would refer the whole passage to Sigmund (Sigfrid), the\neotenas, l. 903, being the Nibelungen. This, says H.-So., gets rid of the\ncontradiction between the good \"Herem\u00f4d\" here and the bad one, l. 1710\n_seq._--B. however holds fast to Herem\u00f4d.--_Beit._ xii. 41. on fe\u00f3nda\ngeweald, l. 904,--_into the hands of devils_, says B.; cf. ll. 809, 1721,\n2267; _Christ_, l. 1416; _Andreas_, l. 1621; for hine fyren onw\u00f4d, cf.\n_Gen._ l. 2579; Hunt's _Dan._ 17: h\u00eee wlenco anw\u00f4d.\n\nl. 902 _seq._ \"Herem\u00f4d's shame is contrasted with the glory of Sigemund,\nand with the prudence, patience, generosity, and gentleness of Beowulf as a\nchieftain.\"--Br., p. 66.\n\nl. 906. MS. has lemede. Toller-Bosw. corrects to lemedon.\n\nl. 917. Cf. Hunt's _Exod._, l. 170, for similar language.\n\nl. 925. h\u00f4s, G. hansa, _company_, \"the word from which the mercantile\nassociation of the 'Hanseatic' towns took their designation.\"--E.\n\nl. 927. on sta\u00feole = _on the floor_ (B., Rask, ten Br.).--_Beit._ xii. 90.\n\nl. 927. May not ste\u00e1pne here = _bright_, from its being immediately\nfollowed by golde f\u00e2hne? Cf. Chaucer's \"his eyen _stepe_,\" _Prol._ l. 201\n(ed. Morris); Cockayne's _Ste. Marherete_, pp. 9, 108; _St. Kath._, l.\n1647.\n\nl. 931. grynna may be for gyrnna (= _sorrows_), gen. plu. of gyrn, as\nsuggested by one commentator.\n\nl. 937. B. (_Beit._ xii. 90) makes gehwylcne object of w\u00eed-scofen (h\u00e4fde).\nGr. makes we\u00e1 nom. absolute.\n\nl. 940. scuccum: cf. G. scheuche, scheusal; Prov. Eng. _old-shock_; perhaps\nthe pop. interjection _O shucks!_ (!)\n\nl. 959. H. explains we as a \"plur. of majesty,\" which Be\u00f3wulf throws off at\nl. 964.\n\nl. 963. fe\u00f3nd \u00feone fr\u00e4tgan (B. _Beit._ xii. 90).\n\nl. 976. synnum. \"Most abstract words in the poetry have a very wide range\nof meanings, diverging widely from the prose usage, synn, for instance,\nmeans simply _injury, mischief, hatred_, and the prose meaning _sin_ is\nonly a secondary one; hata in poetry is not only _hater_, but _persecutor,\nenemy_, just as n\u00ee\u00f0 is both _hatred_ and _violence, strength_; heard is\n_sharp_ as well as _hard_.\"--Sw.\n\nl. 986. S. places w\u00e4s at end of l. 985 and reads st\u00ee\u00f0ra n\u00e4gla, omitting\ngehwylc and the commas after that and after sce\u00e1wedon. _Beit._ ix. 138;\nst\u00eadra (H.-So.); hand-sporu (H.-So.) at l. 987.\n\nl. 986. Miller (_Anglia_, xii. 3) corrects to \u00e6ghwylene, in apposition to\nfingras.\n\nl. 987. hand-sporu. See _Anglia_, vii. 176, for a discussion of the\nintrusion of u into the nom. of n-stems.\n\nl. 988. Cf. ll. 2121, 2414, for similar use of unhe\u00f3ru = ungeheuer.\n\nl. 992. B. suggests he\u00e1timbred for h\u00e2ten, and gefr\u00e4twon for -od; Kl.,\nhroden (_Beit._ ix. 189).\n\nl. 995, 996. Gold-embroidered tapestries seem to be meant by web =\n_aurifrisium_.\n\nl. 997. After \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee = _of those that_, the depend, vb. often takes sg.\nfor pl.; cf. ll. 844, 1462, 2384, 2736.--Sw.; Dietrich.\n\nl. 998. \"Metathesis of l takes place in seld for setl, bold for botl,\"\netc.--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 96. Cf. Eng. proper names, _Bootle,\nBattle_field, etc.--Skeat, _Principles_, i. 250.\n\nl. 1000. heorras: cf. Chaucer, _Prol._ (ed. Morris) l. 550:\n\n    \"Ther was no dore that he nolde heve of _harre_.\"\n\nll. 1005-1007. See _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 391, and _Beit._ xii. 368, for\nR.'s and B.'s views of this difficult passage.\n\nl. 1009. Cf. l. 1612 for s\u00e6l and m\u00e6l, surviving still in E. Anglia in \"mind\nyour _seals and meals_,\" = _times and occasions_, i.e. have your wits about\nyou.--E.\n\nll. 1012, 1013. Cf. ll. 753, 754 for two similar comparatives used in\nconjunction.\n\nl. 1014. Cf. l. 327 for similar language.\n\nll. 1015, 1016. H.-So. puts these two lines in parentheses (fylle ...\n\u00fe\u00e2ra). Cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 91.\n\nl. 1024. One of the many famous swords spoken of in the poem. See Hrunting,\nll. 1458, 1660; H\u00fbnl\u00e2fing, l. 1144, etc. Cf. Excalibur, Roland's sword, the\nNibelung Balmung, etc.\n\nl. 1034. sc\u00fbr-heard. For an ingenious explanation of this disputed word see\nProfessor Pearce's article in _Mod. Lang. Notes_, Nov. 1, 1892, and ensuing\ndiscussion.\n\nl. 1039. eoderas is of doubtful meaning. H. and Toller-Bosw. regard the\nword here = _enclosure, palings of the court_. Cf. _C\u00e6dmon_, ll. 2439,\n2481. The passage throws interesting light on horses and their trappings\n\nl. 1043. Grundt. emends w\u00eeg to wicg, = _charger_; and E. quotes Tacitus,\n_Germania_, 7.\n\nl. 1044. \"Power over each and both\"; cf. \"all and some,\" \"one and all.\"\n\nFor Ingwin, see _List of Names_.\n\nl. 1065. Gr. contends that fore here = de, _concerning, about_ (Ebert's\n_Jahrb._, 1862, p. 269).\n\nl. 1069. H.-So. supplies fram after eaferum, to govern it, = _concerning_\n(?). Cf. _Fight at Finnsburg_, Appendix.\n\nl. 1070. For the numerous names of the Danes, \"bright-\" \"spear-\" \"east-\"\n\"west-\" \"ring-\" Danes, see these words.\n\nl. 1073. Eotenas = _Finn's people, the Frisians_; cf. ll. 1089, 1142, 1146,\netc., and _Beit._ xii. 37. Why they are so called is not known.\n\nl. 1084. R. proposes wiht Hengeste wi\u00f0 gefeohtan (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii.\n394). Kl., wi\u00f0 H. wiht gefeohtan.\n\nll. 1085 and 1099. we\u00e1-l\u00e2f occurs in Wulfstan, _Hom._ 133, ed. Napier.--E.\nCf. daro\u00f0a l\u00e2f, _Brunanb._, l. 54; \u00e2des l\u00e2fe, _Phoenix_, 272 (Bright), etc.\n\nl. 1098. elne unflitme = _so dass der eid (der inhalt des eides) nicht\nstreitig war_.--B., _Beit._ iii. 30. But cf. 1130, where Hengist and Finn\nare again brought into juxtaposition and the expression ealles (?) unhlitme\noccurs.\n\nl. 1106. The pres. part. + be, as myndgiend w\u00e6re here, is comparatively\nrare in original A.-S. literature, but occurs abundantly in translations\nfrom the Latin. The periphrasis is generally meaningless. Cf. l. 3029.\n\nl. 1108. K\u00f6rner suggests ecge, = _sword_, in reference to a supposed old\nGerman custom of placing ornaments, etc., on the point of a sword or spear\n(_Eng. Stud._ i. 495). Singer, ince-gold = _bright gold_; B., andi\u00e9ge =\nGoth, _andaugjo, evidently_. Cf. incge l\u00e2fe, l. 2578. Possibly: and inge (=\n_young men_) gold \u00e2h\u00f4fon of horde. For inge, cf. Hunt's _Exod._ l. 190.\n\nll. 1115-1120. R. proposes (h\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 ...) b\u00e2nfatu b\u00e4rnan ond on b\u00e6l d\u00f4n,\nearme on eaxe = _to place the arms in the ashes_, reading g\u00fb\u00f0r\u00eac =\n_battle-reek_, for -rinc (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 395). B., Sarrazin\n(_Beit._ xi. 530), Lichtenfeld (_Haupts Zeitschr._ xvi. 330), C., etc.,\npropose various emendations. See H.-So., p. 97, and _Beit._ viii. 568. For\ng\u00f9\u00f0rinc \u00e2st\u00e2h, cf. Old Norse, _stiga \u00e1 b\u00e1l_, \"ascend the bale-fire.\"\n\nl. 1116. sweolo\u00f0e. \"On Dartmoor the burning of the furze up the hillsides\nto let new grass grow, is called _zwayling_.\"--E. Cf. _sultry_, G.\n_schw\u00fcl_, etc.\n\nl. 1119. Cf. wudu-r\u00eac \u00e2st\u00e2h, l. 3145; and _Exod_. (Hunt), l. 450: w\u00e6lmist\n\u00e2st\u00e2h.\n\nl. 1122. \u00e4tspranc = _burst forth, arose_ (omitted from the Gloss.), < \u00e4t +\nspringan.\n\nl. 1130. R. and Gr. read elne unflitme, = _loyally and without contest_, as\nat l. 1098. Cf. Ha., p. 39; H.-So., p. 97.\n\nl. 1137. scacen = _gone_; cf. ll. 1125, 2307, 2728.\n\nl. 1142. \"The sons of the Eotenas\" (B., _Beit._ xii. 31, who conjectures a\ngap after 1142).\n\nl. 1144. B. separates thus: H\u00fbn L\u00e2fing, = _H\u00fbn placed the sword L\u00e2fing_,\netc.--_Beit._ xii. 32; cf. R., _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 396. Heinzel and\nHomburg make other conjectures (Herrig's _Archiv_, 72, 374, etc.).\n\nl. 1143. B., H.-So., and M\u00f6ller read: worod r\u00e6denne, \u00feonne him H\u00fbn L\u00e2fing,\n= _military brotherhood, when H\u00fbn laid upon his breast_ (the sword)\n_L\u00e2fing_. There is a sword _Laufi, L\u00f6vi_ in the Norse sagas; but swords,\narmor, etc., are often called the _leaving_ (l\u00e2f) of files, hammers, etc.,\nespecially a precious heirloom; cf. ll. 454, 1033, 2830, 2037, 2629, 796,\netc., etc.\n\nl. 1152. roden = _reddened_ (B., _Tidskr_. viii. 295).\n\nl. 1160. For ll. 1069-1160, containing the Finn episode, cf. M\u00f6ller,\n_Alteng. Volksepos_, 69, 86, 94; Heinzel, _Anz. f. dtsch. Altert._, 10,\n226; B., _Beit._ xii. 29-37. Cf. _W\u00eeds\u00ee\u00f0_, l. 33, etc.\n\nll. 1160, 1161. le\u00f3\u00f0 (lied = _song, lay_) and gyd here appear synonyms.\n\nll. 1162-1165. \"Behind the wars and tribal wanderings, behind the\ncontentions of the great, we watch in this poem the steady, continuous life\nof home, the passions and thoughts of men, the way they talked and moved\nand sang and drank and lived and loved among one another and for one\nanother.\"--Br., p. 18.\n\nl. 1163. Cf. _wonderwork_. So _wonder-death, wonder-bidding,\nwonder-treasure, -smith, -sight_, etc. at ll. 1748, 3038, 2174, 1682, 996,\netc. Cf. the German use of the same intensive, = _wondrous_, in\n_wunder-sch\u00f6n_, etc.\n\nl. 1165. \u00fe\u00e2 gyt points to some future event when \"each\" was not \"true to\nother,\" undeveloped in this poem, suhtor-gef\u00e4deran = Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r and Hr\u00f4\u00f0ulf,\nl. 1018. Cf. \u00e2\u00f0um-swerian, l. 84.\n\nl. 1167 almost repeats l. 500, \u00e4t f\u00f4tum, etc., where \u00dbnfer\u00f0 is first\nintroduced.\n\nl. 1191. E. sees in this passage separate seats for youth and middle-aged\nmen, as in English college halls, chapels, convocations, and churches\nstill.\n\nl. 1192. ymbutan, _round about_, is sometimes thus separated: ymb hie \u00fbtan;\ncf. _Voyage of \u00d4hthere_, etc. (Sw.), p. 18, l. 34, etc.; _Be\u00f3wulf_, ll.\n859, 1686, etc.\n\nl. 1194. bew\u00e4gned, a [Greek: hapax legomenon], tr. _offered_ by Th.\nProbably a p. p. w\u00e4gen, made into a vb. by -ian, like _own, drown_, etc.\nCf. hafenian ( < hafen, < hebban), etc.\n\nl. 1196. E. takes the expression to mean \"mantle and its rings or\nbroaches.\" \"Rail\" long survived in Mid. Eng. (_Piers Plow_., etc.).\n\nl. 1196. This necklace was afterwards given by Beowulf to Hygd, ll. 2173,\n2174.\n\nll. 1199-1215. From the obscure hints in the passage, a part of the poem\nmay be approximately dated,--if Hygel\u00e2c is the _Chochi-laicus_ of Gregory\nof Tours, _Hist. Francorum_, iii. 3,--about A.D. 512-20.\n\nl. 1200. The Breosinga men (Icel. _Brisinga men_) is the necklace of the\ngoddess Freya; cf. _Elder Edda, Hamarshemt_. H\u00e2ma stole the necklace from\nthe Gothic King Eormenr\u00eec; cf. _Traveller's Song_, ll. 8, 18, 88, 111. The\ncomparison of the two necklaces leads the poet to anticipate Hygel\u00e2c's\nhistory,--a suggestion of the poem's mosaic construction.\n\nl. 1200. For Br\u00f4singa mene, cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 72. C. suggests fle\u00e1h, =\n_fled_, for fealh, placing semicolon after byrig, and making h\u00ea subject of\nfle\u00e1h and gece\u00e1s.\n\nl. 1202. B. conjectures gece\u00e1s \u00eacne r\u00e6d to mean _he became a pious man and\nat death went to heaven_. Heime (H\u00e2ma) in the _Thidrekssaga_ goes into a\ncloister = to choose the better part (?). Cf. H.-So., p. 98. But cf.\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's language to Beowulf, ll. 1760, 1761.\n\nl. 1211. S. proposes feoh, = _property_, for feorh, which would be a\nparallel for bre\u00f3st-gew\u00e6du ... be\u00e1h below.\n\nl. 1213. E. remarks that in the _Laws of Cnut_, i. 26, the devil is called\nse w\u00f4dfreca werewulf, _the ravening werwolf_.\n\nl. 1215. C. proposes heals-b\u00eage onf\u00eang. _Beit._ viii. 570. For hre\u00e2- Kl.\nsuggests hr\u00e6-.\n\nl. 1227. The son referred to is, according to Ettm\u00fcller, the one that\nreigns after Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r.\n\nl. 1229. Kl. suggests s\u00ee, = _be_, for _is_.\n\nl. 1232. S. gives _wine-elated_ as the meaning of druncne.--_Beit._ ix.\n139; Kl. _ibid_. 189, 194. But cf. _Judith_, ll. 67, 107.\n\nl. 1235. Cf. l. 119 for similarity of language.\n\nl. 1235. Kl. proposes gea-sceaft; but cf. l. 1267.\n\nl. 1246. Ring armor was common in the Middle Ages. E. points out the\nnumerous forms of byrne in cognate languages,--Gothic, Icelandic, OHG.,\nSlavonic, O. Irish, Romance, etc. Du Chaillu, _The Viking Age_, i. 126. Cf.\nMurray's _Dict._ s. v.\n\nl. 1248. \u00e2nw\u00eeg-gearwe = _ready for single combat_ (C.); but cf. Ha. p. 43;\n_Beit._ ix. 210, 282.\n\nl. 1252. Some consider this _fitt_ the beginning of Part (or Lay) II. of\nthe original epic, if not a separate work in itself.\n\nl. 1254. K., W., and Ho. read farode = _wasted;_ Kolbing reads furode; but\ncf. w\u00easten warode, l. 1266. MS. has warode.\n\nll. 1255-1258. This passage is a good illustration of the constant\nparallelism of word and phrase characteristic of A.-S. poetry, and is\nquoted by Sw. The changes are rung on ende and swylt, on ges\u00fdne and w\u00eedc\u00fb\u00f0,\netc.\n\nl. 1259. \"That this story of Grendel's mother was originally a separate lay\nfrom the first seems to be suggested by the fact that the monsters are\ndescribed over again, and many new details added, such as would be inserted\nby a new singer who wished to enhance and adorn the original tale.\"--Br.,\np. 41.\n\nl. 1259. Cf. l. 107, which also points to the ancestry of murderers and\nmonsters and their descent from \"Cain.\"\n\nl. 1261. The MS. has se \u00fee, m.; changed by some to seo \u00fee. At ll. 1393,\n1395, 1498, Grendel's mother is referred to as m.; at ll. 1293, 1505,\n1541-1546, etc., as f., the uncertain pronoun designating a creature female\nin certain aspects, but masculine in demonic strength and\nsavageness.--H.-So.; Sw. p. 202. Cf. the masc. epithets at ll. 1380, 2137,\netc.\n\nl. 1270. \u00e2gl\u00e6ca = _Grendel_, though possibly referring to Beowulf, as at l.\n1513.--Sw.\n\nl. 1273. \"It is not certain whether anwalda stands for onwealda, or whether\nit should be read \u00e2nwealda, = _only ruler_.--Sw.\n\nl. 1279. The MS. has sunu \u00feeod wrecan, which R. changes to sunu\n\u00fee\u00f3d-wrecan, \u00fee\u00f3d- = _monstrous_; but why not regard \u00fee\u00f3d as opposition to\nsunu, = _her son, the prince?_ See Sweet's Reader, and K\u00f6rner's discussion,\n_Eng. Stud._ i. 500.\n\nl. 1281. Ten Br. suggests (for s\u00f4na) s\u00e2ra = _return of sorrows._\n\nl. 1286. \"ge\u00feuren (twice so written in MSS.) stands for ge\u00fer\u00faen, _forged_,\nand is an isolated p. p.\"--Cook's Sievers' Gram., 209. But see Toller-Bosw.\nfor examples; Sw., Gloss.; March, p. 100, etc.\n\nll. 1292. \u00fee hine = _whom;_ cf. ll. 441, 1437, 1292; _H\u00ealiand_, l. 1308.\n\nl. 1298. be s\u00e6m tweonum; cf. l. 1192; Hunt's _Exod_. l. 442; and Mod. Eng.\n\"to _us_-ward, etc.--Earle's _Philol._, p. 449. Cf. note, l. 1192.\n\nl. 1301. C. proposes \u00f4\u00f0er him \u00e4rn = _another apartment was assigned him_.\n\nl. 1303. B. conjectures under hr\u00f4f genam; but Ha., p. 45, shows this to be\nunnecessary, under also meaning _in_, as _in_ (or _under_) these\ncircumstances.\n\nl. 1319. E. and Sw. suggest n\u00e6gde or n\u00eagde, _accosted_, < n\u00eagan = Mid. Ger.\n_n\u00eahwian_, pr. p. _n\u00eahwiandans, approach_. For hn\u00e6gan, _press down,\nvanquish_, see ll. 1275, 1440, etc.\n\nl. 1321. C. suggests ne\u00e1d-l\u00e2\u00f0um for ne\u00f3d-la\u00f0u, _after crushing hostility_;\nbut cf. fre\u00f3nd-la\u00f0u, l. 1193.\n\nl. 1334. K. and ten Br. conjecture gef\u00e4gnod = _rejoicing in her fill_, a\nparallel to \u00e6se wlanc, l. 1333.\n\nl. 1340. B. translates: \"and she has executed a deed of blood-vengeance of\nfar-reaching consequence.\"--_Beit._ xii. 93.\n\nl. 1345. B. reads ge\u00f3 for e\u00f3w (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 205).\n\nll. 1346-1377. \"This is a fine piece of folk-lore in the oldest extant\nform.... The authorities for the story are the rustics (ll. 1346, 1356).\"\n--E.\n\nl. 1347. Cf. sele-r\u00e6dende at l. 51.\n\nl. 1351. \"The ge [of gewitan] may be merely a scribal error,--a repetition\n(dittography) of the preceding ge of gewisl\u00eecost.\"--Sw.\n\nl. 1352. ides, like firas, _men_, etc., is a poetic word supposed by Grimm\nto have been applied, like Gr. [Greek: n\u00famph\u00e6], to superhuman or\nsemi-divine women.\n\nll. 1360-1495 _seq._ E. compares this Dantesque tarn and scenery with the\npoetical accounts of _\u00c6neid_, vii. 563; _Lucretius_, vi. 739, etc.\n\nl. 1360. firgenstre\u00e1m occurs also in the _Phoenix_ (Bright, p. 168) l. 100;\n_Andreas_, ll. 779, 3144 (K.); _Gnomic Verses_, l. 47, etc.\n\nl. 1363. The genitive is often thus used to denote measure = by or in\nmiles; cf. l. 3043; and contrast with partitive gen. at l. 207.\n\nl. 1364. The MS. reads hrinde = hr\u00eenende (?), which Gr. adopts; K. and Th.\nread hrinde-bearwas; hringde, _encircling_ (Sarrazin, _Beit._ xi. 163);\nhr\u00eemge = _frosty_ (Sw.); _with frost-whiting covered_ (Ha.). See Morris,\n_Blickling Hom_., Preface, vi., vii.\n\nl. 1364. Cf. Ruin, hr\u00eemige edoras behrofene, _rimy, roofless halls_.\n\nl. 1366. n\u00ee\u00f0wundor may = ni\u00f0- (as in ni\u00f0-sele, _q. v._) wundor, _wonder of\nthe deep_.\n\nl. 1368. The personal pronoun is sometimes omitted in subordinate and even\nindependent clauses; cf. wite here; and Hunt's _Exod_., l. 319.\n\nl. 1370. hornum. Such \"datives of manner or respect\" are not infrequent\nwith adj.\n\nl. 1371. \"sele\u00f0 is not dependent on \u00e6r, for in that case it would be in the\nsubjunctive, but \u00e6r is simply an adverb, correlative with the conjunction\n\u00e6r in the next line: 'he will (sooner) give up his life, before he will,'\netc.\"--Sw.\n\nl. 1372. Cf. ll. 318 and 543 for willan with similar omitted inf.\n\nl. 1373. heafola is found only in poetry.--Sw. It occurs thirteen or\nfourteen times in this poem. Cf. the poetic gamol, sw\u00e2t (l. 2694), etc.,\nfor eald, bl\u00f4d.\n\nl. 1391. uton: hortatory subj. of w\u00eetan, _go_, = _let us go;_ cf. French\n_allons_, Lat. _eamus_, Ital. _andiamo_, etc. + inf. Cf. ll. 2649, 3102.\n\nl. 1400. H. is dat. of person indirectly affected, = advantage.\n\nl. 1402. geatol\u00eec probably = _in his equipments_, as B. suggests (_Beit._\nxii. 83), comparing searol\u00eec.\n\nll. 1402, 1413 reproduce the wk. form of the pret. of g\u00e2n (Goth,\n_gaggida_). Cf. _Andreas_, l. 1096, etc.\n\nl. 1405. S. (_Beit._ ix. 140) supplies [\u00fe\u00e6r he\u00f3] gegnum f\u00f4r; B. (_ibid._\nxii. 14) suggests hw\u00e6r he\u00f3.\n\nl. 1411. B., Gr., and E. take \u00e2n-pa\u00f0as = paths wide enough for only one,\nlike Norwegian _einstig_; cf. st\u00eege nearwe, just above. _Trail_ is the\nmeaning. Cf. enge \u00e2npa\u00f0as, unc\u00fb\u00f0 gel\u00e2d, _Exod._ (Hunt), l. 58.\n\nl. 1421. Cf. onc\u00fd\u00f0, l. 831. The whole passage (ll. 1411-1442) is replete\nwith suggestions of walrus-hunting, seal-fishing, harpooning of sea-animals\n(l. 1438), etc.\n\nl. 1425. E. quotes from the 8th cent. Corpus Gloss., \"_Falanx_ foe\u00f0a.\"\n\nl. 1428. For other mention of nicors, cf. ll. 422, 575, 846. E. remarks,\n\"it survives in the phrase 'Old Nick' ... a word of high authority ...\nIcel. _nykr_, water-goblin, Dan. _n\u00f6k, nisse_, Swed. _n\u00e4cken_, G. _nix,\nnixe_, etc.\" See Skeat, _Nick._\n\nl. 1440. Sw. reads gehn\u00e6ged, _prostrated_, and regards n\u00ee\u00f0a as gen. pl.\n\"used instrumentally,\" = _by force._\n\nl. 1441. -bora = _bearer, stirrer;_ occurs in other compds., as mund-,\nr\u00e6d-, w\u00e6g-bora.\n\nl. 1447. him = _for him_, a remoter dative of reference.--Sw.\n\nl. 1455. Gr. reads brondne, = _flaming_.\n\nl. 1457. le\u00f3n is the inf. of l\u00e2h; cf. onl\u00e2h (< onle\u00f3n) at l. 1468. l\u00eehan\nwas formerly given as the inf.; cf. l\u00e6ne = l\u00e6hne.\n\nl. 1458. Cf. the similar dat. of possession as used in Latin.\n\nl. 1458. H.-So. compares the Icelandic saga account of Grettir's battle\nwith the giant in the cave. h\u00e4ft-m\u00eace may be = Icel. _heptisax_ (_Anglia_,\niii. 83), \"hip-knife.\"\n\nl. 1459. \"The sense seems to be 'pre-eminent among the old treasures.' ...\nBut possibly foran is here a prep. with the gen.: 'one before the old\ntreasures.'\".--Sw. For other examples of foran, cf. ll. 985, 2365.\n\nl. 1460. \u00e2ter-te\u00e1rum = _poison-drops_ (C., _Beit._ viii. 571; S., _ibid_.\nxi. 359).\n\nl. 1467. \u00fe\u00e4t, comp. relative, = _that which_; \"we testify _that_ we do\nknow.\"\n\nl. 1480. for\u00f0-gewitenum is in appos. to me, = _mihi defuncto_.--M.\nCallaway, _Am. Journ. of Philol._, October, 1889.\n\nl. 1482. nime. Conditional clauses of doubt or future contingency take gif\nor b\u00fbton with subj.; cf. ll. 452, 594; of fact or certainty, the ind.; cf.\nll. 442, 447, 527, 662, etc. For b\u00fbton, cf. ll. 967, 1561.\n\nl. 1487. \"findan sometimes has a preterit funde in W. S. after the manner\nof the weak preterits.\"--Cook's Sievers' Cram., p, 210.\n\nl. 1490. Kl. reads w\u00e4l-sweord, = _battle-sword_.\n\nl. 1507. \"This cave under the sea seems to be another of those natural\nphenomena of which the writer had personal knowledge (ll. 2135, 2277), and\nwhich was introduced by him into the mythical tale to give it a local\ncolor. There are many places of this kind. Their entrance is under the\nlowest level of the tide.\"--Br., p. 45.\n\nl. 1514. B. (_Beit._ xii. 362) explains ni\u00f0sele, hr\u00f4fsele as _roof-covered\nhall in the deep_; cf. Grettir Saga (_Anglia_, iii. 83).\n\nl. 1538. Sw., R., and ten Br. suggest feaxe for eaxle, = _seized by the\nhair_.\n\nl. 1543. and-le\u00e1n (R.); cf. l. 2095. The MS. has hand-le\u00e1n.\n\nl. 1546. Sw. and S. read seax.--_Beit._ ix. 140.\n\nl. 1557. H.-So. omits comma and places semicolon after \u00fd\u00f0el\u00eece; Sw. and S.\nplace comma after gesc\u00ead.\n\nl. 1584. \u00f4\u00f0er swylc = _another fifteen_ (Sw.); = _fully as many_ (Ha.).\n\nll. 1592-1613 _seq._ Cf. _Anglia_, iii; 84 (Grettir Saga).\n\nl. 1595. blondenfeax = _grizzly-haired_ (Bright, Reader, p. 258); cf.\n_Brunanb._, l. 45 (Bright).\n\nl. 1599. gewear\u00f0, impers. vb., = _agree, decide = many agreed upon this,\nthat_, etc. (Ha., p. 55; cf. ll. 2025-2027, 1997; B., _Beit._ xii. 97).\n\nl. 1605. C. supposes wiston = w\u00eescton = _wished_.--_Beit._ viii. 571.\n\nl. 1607. broden m\u00e6l is now regarded as a comp. noun, = _inlaid or\ndamascened sword_.--W., Ho.\n\nl. 1611. w\u00e4l-r\u00e2pas = _water-ropes = bands of frost_ (l. 1610) (?). Possibly\nthe Prov. Eng. weele, _whirlpool_. Cf. w\u00e6l, _gurges_, Wright, Voc., _Gnom.\nVerses_, l. 39.--E.\n\nl. 1611. w\u00e6gr\u00e2pas (Sw.) = _wave-bands_ (Ha.).\n\nl. 1622. B. suggests eatna = eotena, eardas, _haunts of the giants_\n(Northumbr. ea for eo).\n\nl. 1635. cyning-holde (B., _Beit._ xii. 369); cf. l. 290.\n\nl. 1650. H., Gr., and Ettm\u00fcller understand idese to refer to the queen.\n\nl. 1651. Cf. _Anglia_, iii. 74, _Beit._ xi. 167, for coincidences with the\nGrettir Saga (13th cent.).\n\nl. 1657. Restore MS. reading wigge in place of w\u00eege.\n\nl. 1664. B. proposes eotenise ... \u00e8ste for e\u00e1cen ... oftost, omitting\nbrackets (_Zackers Zeitschr._ iv. 206). G. translates _mighty ... often_.\n\nl. 1675. ondr\u00e6dan. \"In late texts the final n of the preposition on is\nfrequently lost when it occurs in a compound word or stereotyped phrase,\nand the prefix then appears as a: ab\u00fatan, amang, aweg, aright,\nadr'\u00e6dan.\"--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 98.\n\nll. 1680-1682. Giants and their work are also referred to at ll. 113, 455,\n1563, 1691, etc.\n\nl. 1680. Cf. ceastra ... or\u00f0anc enta geweorc, _Gnomic Verses_, l. 2;\nSweet's Reader, p. 186.\n\nll. 1687-1697. \"In this description of the writing on the sword, we see the\nprocess of transition from heathen magic to the notions of Christian times\n.... The history of the flood and of the giants ... were substitutes for\nnames of heathen gods, and magic spells for victory.\"--E. Cf. Mohammedan\nusage.\n\nll. 1703, 1704. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00ea eorl n\u00e6re geboren betera (B., _Tidskr._ 8, 52).\n\nl. 1715. \u00e2na hwearf = _he died solitary and alone_ (B., _Beit._ xii. 38); =\n_lonely_ (Ha.); = _alone_ (G.).\n\nl. 1723. le\u00f3d-bealo longsum = _eternal hell-torment_ (B., _Beit._ xii. 38,\nwho compares _Ps. Cott._ 57, l\u00eef longsum).\n\nl. 1729. E. translates on lufan, _towards possession_; Ha., _to\npossessions_.\n\nl. 1730. m\u00f4dge\u00feonc, like lig, s\u00e6, segn, niht, etc., is of double gender\n(m., n. in the case of m\u00f4dge\u00fe.).\n\nl. 1741. The doctrine of nemesis following close on [Greek: hubris], or\noverweening pride, is here very clearly enunciated. The only protector\nagainst the things that \"assault and hurt\" the soul is the \"Bishop and\nShepherd of our souls\" (l. 1743).\n\nl. 1745 appears dimly to fore-shadow the office of the evil archer Loki,\nwho in the Scandinavian mythology shoots Balder with a mistletoe twig. The\nlanguage closely resembles that of Psalm 64.\n\nl. 1748. Kl. regards wom = w\u00f4(u)m; cf. w\u00f4h-bogen, l. 2828. See Gloss., p.\n295, under wam. Contrast the construction of bebeorgan a few lines below\n(l. 1759), where the dat. and acc. are associated.\n\nl. 1748. See Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 167, for declension of w\u00f4h, _wrong_\n= gen. w\u00f4s or w\u00f4ges, dat. w\u00f4(u)m, etc.; pl. gen. w\u00f4ra, dat. w\u00f4(u)m, etc.;\nand cf. declension of he\u00e1h, hre\u00f3h, r\u00fbh, etc.\n\nl. 1748. wergan g\u00e2stes; cf. _Blickl. Hom._ vii.; _Andreas_, l. 1171. \"_Auld\nWearie_ is used in Scotland, or was used a few years ago, ... to mean the\ndevil.\"--E. Bede's _Eccles. Hist._ contains (naturally) many examples of\nthe expression = devil.\n\nl. 1750. on gyld = _in reward_ (B. _Beit._ xii. 95); Ha. translates\n_boastfully_; G., _for boasting_; Gr., _to incite to boastfulness_. Cf.\n_Christ_, l. 818.\n\nl. 1767. E. thinks this an allusion to the widespread superstition of the\nevil eye (_mal occhio, mauvais \u00e6il_). Cf. Vergil, _Ecl._ iii. 103. He\nremarks that Pius IX., Gambetta, and President Carnot were charged by their\nenemies with possessing this weapon.\n\nl. 1784. wigge geweor\u00f0ad (MS. wigge weor\u00f0ad) is C.'s conjecture; cf.\n_Elene_, l. 150. So G., _honored in war_.\n\nl. 1785. The future generally implied in the present of be\u00f3n is plainly\nseen in this line; cf. ll. 1826, 661, 1830, 1763, etc.\n\nl. 1794. Some impers. vbs. take acc. (as here, Geat) of the person\naffected; others (as \u00feyncan) take the dat. of the person, as at ll. 688,\n1749, etc. Cf. verbs of dreaming, being ashamed, desiring, etc.--March,\nA.-S. Gram., p. 145.\n\nl. 1802. E. remarks that the blaca hrefn here is a bird of good omen, as\nopposed to se wonna hrefn of l. 3025. The raven, wolf, and eagle are the\nregular epic accompaniments of battle and carnage. Cf. ll. 3025-3028;\n_Maldon_, 106; _Judith_, 205-210, etc.\n\nl. 1803. S. emends to read: \"then came the light, going bright after\ndarkness: the warriors,\" etc. Cf. Ho., p. 41, l. 23. G. puts period before\n\"the warriors.\" For onettan, cf. Sw.'s Gloss, and Bright's Read., Gloss.\n\nll. 1808-1810. M\u00fcllenh. and Grundt. refer se hearda to Beowulf, correct\nsunu (MS.) to suna Ecgl\u00e2fes (i.e. Unferth); [_he_] (Beo.) _thanked him_\n(Un.) _for the loan_. Cf. ll. 344, 581, 1915.\n\nll. 1823-1840. \"Beowulf departing pledges his services to Hro\u00f0gar, to be\nwhat afterwards in the mature language of chivalry was called his 'true\nknight'\"--E.\n\nl. 1832. Kl. corrects to dryhtne, in appos. with Higel\u00e2ce.\n\nl. 1835 g\u00e2r-holt more properly means _spear-shaft_; cf. \u00e4sc-holt.\n\nl. 1855. s\u00eal = _better_ (Grundt.; B., _Beit._ xii. 96), instead of MS. wel.\n\nll. 1855-1866. \"An ideal picture of international amity according to the\nexperience and doctrine of the eighth century.\"--E.\n\nl. 1858. S. and Kl. correct to gem\u00e6ne, agreeing with sib.--_Beit._ ix. 140,\n190.\n\nl. 1862. \"The gannet is a great diver, plunging down into the sea from a\nconsiderable height, such as forty feet.\"--E.\n\nl. 1863. Kl. suggests heafu, = _seas_.\n\nl. 1865. B. proposes ge\u00fe\u00f4hte, = _with firm thought_, for geworhte; cf. l.\n611.\n\nl. 1876. gese\u00f3n = _see again_ (Kl., _Beit._ ix. 190). S. and B. insert n\u00e2\nto modify gese\u00f3n and explain Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's tears. Ha. and G. follow Heyne's\ntext. Cf. l. 567.\n\nl. 1881. Is beorn here = bearn (be-arn?) of l. 67? or more likely = born,\nbarn, = _burned?_--S., Th.\n\nl. 1887. orleahtre is a _[Greek: hapax legomenon]_. E. compares Tennyson's\n\"blameless\" king. Cf. also ll. 2015, 2145; and the g\u00f4d cyning of l. 11.\n\nl. 1896. sca\u00f0an = _warriors_ (cf. l. 1804) has been proposed by C.; but cf.\nl. 253.\n\nl. 1897. The boat had been left, at ll. 294-302, in the keeping of\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's men; at l. 1901 the b\u00e2t-weard is specially honored by Beowulf\nwith a sword and becomes a \"sworded squire.\"--E. This circumstance appears\nto weld the poem together. Cf. also the speed of the journey home with ymb\n\u00e2n-t\u00eed \u00f4\u00feres d\u00f4gores of l. 219, and the similarity of language in both\npassages (f\u00e2mig-heals, clifu, n\u00e4ssas, s\u00e6lde, brim, etc.).--The nautical\nterms in Beowulf would form an interesting study.\n\nl. 1904. R. proposes, gew\u00e2t him on naca, = _the vessel set out_, on\nalliterating as at l. 2524 (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 402). B. reads on\nnacan, but inserts irrelevant matter (_Beit._ xii. 97).\n\nl. 1913. Cf. the same use of ce\u00f3l, = _ship_, in the _A.-S. Chron._, ed.\nEarle-Plummer; _Gnomic Verses_, etc.\n\nl. 1914. S. inserts \u00fe\u00e4t h\u00ea before on lande.\n\nl. 1916. B. makes le\u00f3fra manna depend on wl\u00e2tode, = _looked for the dear\nmen ready at the coast_ (_Beit._ xii. 97).\n\nl. 1924. Gr., W., and Ho. propose wunade, = _remained;_ but cf. l. 1929. S.\nconceives ll. 1924, 1925 as \"direct speech\" (_Beit._ ix. 141).\n\nl. 1927 _seq._ \"The women of Beowulf are of the fine northern type; trusted\nand loved by their husbands and by the nobles and people; generous, gentle,\nand holding their place with dignity.\"--Br., p. 67. Thrytho is the\nexception, l. 1932 _seq._\n\nl. 1933. C. suggests fr\u00eacnu, = _dangerous, bold_, for Thrytho could not be\ncalled \"excellent.\" G. writes \"Modthrytho\" as her name. The womanly Hygd\nseems purposely here contrasted with the terrible Thrytho, just as, at l.\n902 _seq._, Sigemund and Herem\u00f4d are contrasted. For Thrytho, etc., cf.\nGr., _Jahrb. f\u00fcr rom. u. eng. Lit._ iv. 279; M\u00fcllenhoff, _Haupts Zeitschr._\nxiv. 216; Matthew Paris; Suchier, _Beit._ iv. 500-521; R. _Zachers\nZeitschr._ iii. 402; B., _ibid._ iv. 206; K\u00f6rner, _Eng. Stud._ i. 489-492;\nH.-So., p. 106.\n\nl. 1932-1963. K. first pointed out the connection between the historical\nOffa, King of Mercia, and his wife Cwendrida, and the Offa and \u00dery\u00f0o (Gr.'s\n_Drida_ of the _Vita Off\u00e6 Secundi_) of the present passage. The tale is\ntold of her, not of Hygd.\n\nl. 1936. Suchier proposes and\u00e6ges, = _eye to eye_; Leo proposes \u00e2nd\u00e6ges, =\n_the whole day_; G., _by day_. No change is necessary if an be taken to\ngovqern hire, = _on her_, and d\u00e4ges be explained (like nihtes, etc.) as a\ngenitive of time, = _by day_.\n\nl. 1943. R. and Suchier propose ons\u00eace, = _seek, require_; but cf. 2955.\n\nl. 1966. Cf. the _heofoncandel_ of _Exod_. l. 115 (Hunt). Shak.'s 'night's\ncandles.'\n\nl. 1969. Cf. l. 2487 _seq._ for the actual slayer of Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, i.e. Eofor,\nto whom Hygel\u00e2c gave his only daughter as a reward, l. 2998.\n\nl. 1981. meodu-scencum = _with mead-pourers_ or _mead-cups_ (G., Ha.);\n_draught or cup of mead_ (Toller-Bosw.).\n\nl. 1982. K., Th., W., H. supply [heal-]reced; Holler [he\u00e1-].\n\nl. 1984. B. defends the MS., reading h\u00e6 n\u00fb (for h\u00e6\u00f0n\u00fb), which he regards as\n= Heinir, the inhabitants of the Jutish \"heaths\" (h\u00e6\u00f0). Cf. H.-So., p. 107;\n_Beit._ xii. 9.\n\nl. 1985. s\u00eenne. \"In poetry there is a reflexive possessive of the third\nperson, s\u00een (declined like m\u00een). It is used not only as a true reflexive,\nbut also as a non-reflexive (= Lat. _ejus_)\"--Sw.; Cook's Sievers' Gram.,\np. 185. Cf. ll. 1508, 1961, 2284, 2790.\n\nl. 1994. Cf. l. 190 for a similar use of se\u00e1\u00f0; cf. to \"glow\" with emotion,\n\"boil\" with indignation, \"burn\" with anger, etc. weallan is often so used;\ncf. ll. 2332, 2066, etc.\n\nl. 2010. B. proposes f\u00e2cne, = _in treachery_, for fenne. Cf. _Juliana_, l.\n350; _Beit._ xii. 97.\n\nl. 2022. Food of specific sorts is rarely, if at all, mentioned in the\npoem. Drink, on the other hand, occurs in its primitive varieties,--_ale_\n(as here: ealu-w\u00e6g), _mead, beer, wine, l\u00ee\u00f0_ (cider? Goth. _lei\u00feus_, Prov.\nGer. _leit-_ in _leit-haus_, ale-house), etc.\n\nl. 2025. Kl. proposes is for w\u00e4s.\n\nl. 2027. Cf. l. 1599 for a similar use of weor\u00f0an, = _agree, be pleased\nwith_ (Ha.); _appear_ (Sw., Reader, 6th ed.).\n\nll. 2030, 2031. Ten Br. proposes: oft seldan ( = _gave_) w\u00e6re \u00e4fter\nle\u00f3d-hryre: lytle hw\u00eele bong\u00e2r b\u00fbge\u00f0, \u00fee\u00e1h se\u00f3 br\u00fdd duge = _oft has a\ntreaty been given after the fall of a prince: but little while the\nmurder-spear resteth, however excellent the bride be._ Cf. Kl., _Beit._ ix.\n190; B., _Beit._ xii. 369; R., _Zachers Zeitschr._ in. 404; Ha., p. 69; G.,\np. 62.\n\nl. 2036. Cf. Kl, _Beit._ ix. 191; R., _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 404.\n\nl. 2042. For be\u00e1h B. reads b\u00e2, = _both_, i.e. Freaware and the Dane.\n\nl. 2063. Thorkelin and Conybeare propose w\u00eegende, = _fighting_, for\nlifigende.\n\nl. 2068. W.'s edition begins section xxx. (not marked in the MS.) with this\nline. Section xxxix. (xxxviii. in copies A and B, xxxix. in Thorkelin) is\nnot so designated in the MS., though \u00fe\u00e2 (at l. 2822) is written with\ncapitals and xl. begins at l. 2893.\n\nl. 2095. Cf. l. 1542, and note.\n\nl. 2115 _seq._ B. restores thus:\n\n                      \u00de\u00e6r on innan gi\u00f3ng\n    ni\u00f0\u00f0a n\u00e2thwylc,      ne\u00f3de t\u00f4 gef\u00eang\n    h\u00e6\u00f0num horde;      hond \u00e4tgenam\n    seleful since f\u00e2h;      n\u00ea h\u00ea \u00fe\u00e4t sy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e2geaf,\n    \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee h\u00ea sl\u00e6pende      besyrede hyrde\n    \u00fee\u00f3fes cr\u00e4fte:       \u00fe\u00e4t se \u00fei\u00f3den onfand,\n    b\u00fd-folc beorna,       \u00fe\u00e4t h\u00ea gebolgen w\u00e4s.\n\n--_Beit._ xii. 99; _Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 210.\n\nl. 2128. \u00e4tb\u00e4r here = _bear away_, not given in the Gloss.\n\nl. 2129. B. proposes f\u00e6runga, = _suddenly_, for Gr.'s reading in the\ntext.--_Beit._ xii. 98.\n\nl. 2132. MS. has \u00feine life, which Leo translates _by thy leave_ (= ON.\n_leyfi_); B., _by thy life_.--_Beit._ xii. 369.\n\nl. 2150. B. renders gen, etc., by \"now I serve thee alone again as my\ngracious king\" (_Beit._ xii. 99).\n\nl. 2151. The forms hafu [hafo], hafast, hafa\u00f0, are poetic archaisms.--Sw.\n\nl. 2153. Kl. proposes ealdor, = _prince_, for eafor. W. proposes the compd.\neafor-he\u00e1fodsegn, = _helm_; cf. l. 1245.\n\nl. 2157. The wk. form of the adj. is frequent in the vocative, especially\nwhen postponed: \"Beowulf le\u00f3fa,\" l. 1759. So, often, in poetry in nom.:\nwudu selesta, etc.\n\nl. 2158. \u00e6rest is possibly the verbal subs. from \u00e2r\u00eesan, _to arise, =\narising, origin_. R. suggested \u00e6rist, _arising, origin_. Cf. Bede, _Eccles.\nHist._, ed. Miller, where the word is spelt as above, but = (as usual)\n_resurrection_. See Sweet, Reader, p. 211; E.-Plummer's _Chronicle_, p.\n302, etc. The MS. has est. See Ha., p. 73; S., _Beit._ x. 222; and cf. l.\n2166.\n\nl. 2188. Gr., W., H. supply [w\u00ean]don, = _weened_, instead of Th.'s [oft\ns\u00e4g]don.\n\nl. 2188. The \"slack\" Beowulf, like the sluggish Brutus, ultimately reveals\nhis true character, and is presented with a historic sword of honor. It is\n\"laid on his breast\" (l. 2195) as Hun laid L\u00e2fing on Hengest's breast, l.\n1145.\n\nl. 2188. \"The boy was at first slothful, and the Geats thought him an\nunwarlike prince, and long despised him. Then, like many a lazy third son\nin the folk tales, a change came, he suddenly showed wonderful daring and\nwas passionate for adventure.\"--Br., p. 22.\n\nl. 2196. \"Seven of thousands, manor and lordship\" (Ha.). Kl., _Beit._ ix.\n191, thinks with Ettm. that \u00fe\u00fbsendo means a hide of land (see Schmid, _Ges.\nder Angl_, 610), Bede's familia = 1/2 sq. meter; seofan being used (like\nhund, l. 2995) only for the alliteration.\n\nl. 2196. \"A vast Honour of 7000 hides, a mansion, and a judgment-seat\"\n[throne].--E.\n\nl. 2210. MS. has the more correct wintra.\n\nl. 2211. Cf. similar language about the dragon at l. 100. Beowulf's\n\"jubilee\" is fitly solemnized by his third and last dragon-fight.\n\nl. 2213. B. proposes s\u00ea \u00fee on hearge h\u00e6\u00f0en hord beweotode; cf. Ha., p. 75.\n\nl. 2215. \"The dragon lies round the treasures in a cave, as Fafnir, like a\nPython, lay coiled over his hoard. So constant was this habit among the\ndragons that gold is called Worms' bed, Fafnir's couch, Worms' bed-fire.\nEven in India, the cobras ... are guardians of treasure.\"--Br., p. 50.\n\nl. 2216. ne\u00f3de. E. translates _deftly_; Ha., _with ardor_. H.-So. reads\nne\u00f3de, = _with desire, greedily_, instr. of ne\u00f3d.\n\nl. 2223. E. begins his \"Part Third\" at this point as he begins \"Part\nSecond\" at l. 1252, each dragon-fight forming part of a trilogy.\n\nll. 2224, 2225. B. proposes: nealles mid gewealdum wyrmes weard g\u00e4st sylfes\nwillum.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 211; _Beit._ xii. 100.\n\nl. 2225. For \u00fee\u00f3w read \u00feegn.--K. and Z.\n\nl. 2225. \u00fee\u00f3w, st. m., _slave, serf_ (not in H.-So.).\n\nl. 2227. For ofer-\u00feearfe read \u00e6rnes \u00feearfa.--Z.\n\nll. 2229-2231. B. proposes:\n\n    secg synbysig      s\u00f4na onwl\u00e2tode,\n    \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fe\u00e2m gyste      gryrebr\u00f4ga st\u00f4d,\n    hw\u00e4\u00f0re earmsceapen      innganges \u00feearfa\n       .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .\n    fe\u00e1sceapen,      \u00fe\u00e2 hyne se f\u00e6r begeat.\n                     --_Beit._ xii. 101. Cf. Ha., p. 69.\n\nl. 2232. W. suggests seah or se\u00eer for geseah, and Gr. suggests searol\u00eec.\n\nl. 2233. Z. surmises eor\u00f0-h\u00fbse (for -scr\u00e4fe).\n\nl. 2241. B. proposes l\u00e6n-gestre\u00f3na, = _transitory_, etc.; Th., R. propose\nleng (= _longer_) gestre\u00f3na; S. accepts the text but translates \"the\nlong accumulating treasure.\"\n\nl. 2246. B. proposed (1) hard-fyndne, = _hard to find_; (2) hord-wynne\nd\u00e6l,--_a deal of treasure-joy_ (cf. l. 2271).--_Zachers Zeitschr._\niv. 211; _Beit._ xii. 102.\n\nl. 2247. fecword = _banning words_ (?) MS. has fec.\n\nl. 2254. Others read feor-[mie], = _furbish_, for fetige: _I own not one\nwho may_, etc.\n\nl. 2261. The Danes themselves were sometimes called the \"Ring-Danes,\"\n= clad in ringed (or a ring of) armor, or possessing rings. Cf.\nll. 116, 1280.\n\nl. 2264. Note the early reference to hawking. Minstrelsy (hearpan\nwyn), saga-telling, racing, swimming, harpooning of sea-animals, feasting,\nand the bestowal of jewels, swords, and rings, are the other amusements\nmost frequent in _Be\u00f3wulf_.\n\nl. 2264. Cf. _Maldon_, ll. 8, 9, for a reference to hawking.\n\nl. 2276. Z. suggests sw\u00fd\u00f0e ondr\u00e6da\u00f0; Ho. puts ges\u00eacean for Gr.'s\ngewunian.\n\nl. 2277. Z. and K. read: hord on hr\u00fbsan. \"Three hundred winters,\"\nat l. 2279, is probably conventional for \"a long time,\" like hund\nmissera, l. 1499; hund \u00fe\u00fbsenda, l. 2995; \u00feritig (of Beowulf's strength), l.\n379; \u00feritig (of the men slain by Grendel), l. 123; seofan \u00fe\u00fbsendo, l. 2196,\netc.\n\nl. 2285. B. objects to hord as repeated in ll. 2284, 2285; but cf. Ha., p.\n77. C. prefers sum to hord. onboren = _inminutus_; cf. B., _Beit._ xii.\n102.\n\nl. 2285. onberan is found also at line 991, = _carry off_, with on- = E.\n_un--(un-bind, -loose, -tie_, etc.), G. _ent-_. The negro still pronounces\n_on-do_, etc.\n\nl. 2299. Cf. H.-So., p. 112, for a defense of the text as it stands. B.\nproposes \"nor was there any man in that desert who rejoiced in conflict,\"\netc. So ten Br.\n\nl. 2326. B. and ten Br,. propose h\u00e2m, = _home_, for him.--_Beit._ xii. 103.\n\nl. 2335. E. translates e\u00e1lond utan by _the sea-board front, the\nwater-washed land on the (its) outside_. See B., _Beit._ xii. 1, 5.\n\nl. 2346. Cf. l. 425, where Beowulf resolves to fight the dragon\nsingle-handed. E. compares _Guy of Warwick_, ll. 49, 376.\n\nl. 2355. Ten Br. proposes la\u00f0an cynne as apposition to m\u00e6gum.\n\nl. 2360. Cf. Beowulf's other swimming-feat with Breca, ll. 506 _seq._\n\nl. 2362. Gr. inserts \u00e2na, = _lone-going_, before xxx.: approved by B.; and\nKr\u00fcger, _Beit._ ix. 575. Cf. l. 379.\n\nl. 2362. \"Beowulf has the strength of thirty men in the original tale.\nHere, then, the new inventor makes him carry off thirty coats of\nmail.\"--Br., p. 48.\n\nl. 2364. Hetware = Chattuarii, a nation allied against Hygel\u00e2c in his\nFrisian expedition; cf. ll. 1208 _seq._, 2917, etc.\n\nl. 2368. B. proposes _quiet sea_ as trans, of si\u00f3le\u00f0a bigong, and compares\nGoth. _anasilan_, to be still; Swed. dial, _sil_, still water between\nwaterfalls.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 214.\n\nl. 2380. hyne--Heardr\u00ead; so him, l. 2358.\n\nl. 2384. E. calls attention to Swi\u00f3-r\u00eece as identical with the modern\n_Sverige_ = Sweden; cf. l. 2496.\n\nl. 2386. Gr. reads on feorme, = _at the banquet_; cf. M\u00f6ller, _Alteng.\nVolksepos_, 111, who reads (f)or feorme. The MS. has or.\n\nl. 2391. Cf. l. 11.\n\nl. 2394. B., Gr., and M\u00fbllenh. understand ll. 2393-2397 to mean that\nE\u00e1dgils, \u00d4hthere's son, driven from Sweden, returns later, supported by\nBeowulf, takes the life of his uncle Onela, and probably becomes himself\nO.'s successor and king of Sweden. For another view see H.-So., p. 115. MS.\nhas freond (l. 2394), which Leo, etc., change to fe\u00f3nd. G. translates\n_friend_.--_Beit._ xii. 13; _Anzeiger f. d. Altert_. iii. 177.\n\nl. 2395. E\u00e1dgils is \u00d4hthere's son; cf. l. 2381; Onela is \u00d4hthere's brother;\ncf. ll. 2933, 2617.\n\nl. 2402. \"Twelfsome\"; cf. \"fifteensome\" at l. 207, etc. As _Be\u00f3wulf_ is\nessentially _the_ Epic of Philanthropy, of the true love of man, as\ndistinguished from the ordinary love-epic, the number twelve in this\npassage may be reminiscent of another Friend of Man and another Twelve. In\neach case all but one desert the hero.\n\nl. 2437. R. proposes st\u00fdred, = _ordered, decreed_, for str\u00ead.--_Zachers\nZeitschr._ iii. 409.\n\nl. 2439. B. corrects to fre\u00f3-wine = _noble friend_, asking, \"How can\nHerebeald be called H\u00e6\u00f0cyn's fre\u00e1-wine [MS.], _lord?_\"\n\nl. 2442. feohle\u00e1s gefeoht, \"a homicide which cannot be atoned for by\nmoney--in this case an unintentional fratricide.\"--Sw.\n\nl. 2445. See Ha., pp. 82, 83, for a discussion of ll. 2445-2463. Cf. G., p.\n75.\n\nl. 2447. MS. reads wrece, justified by B. (_Tidskr_. viii. 56). W.\nconceives wrece as optative or hortative, and places a colon before \u00feonne.\n\nl. 2449. For helpan read helpe.--K., Th., S. (_Zeitschr. f. D. Phil._ xxi.\n3, 357).\n\nll. 2454-2455. (1) M\u00fcllenh. (_Haupts Zeitschr._ xiv. 232) proposes:\n\n                    \u00feonne se \u00e2n hafa\u00f0\n    \u00feurh d\u00e6da n\u00fdd      de\u00e1\u00f0es gefandod.\n\n(2) B. proposes:\n\n    \u00feurh d\u00e6da n\u00ee\u00f0      de\u00e1\u00f0es gefondad.\n       --_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 215.\n\nl. 2458. Cf. sce\u00f3tend, pl., ll. 704, 1155, like r\u00eedend. Cf. _Judith_, l.\n305, etc.\n\nl. 2474. Th. considers the \"wide water\" here as the M\u00e4lar lake, the\nboundary between Swedes and Goths.\n\nl. 2477. On o\u00fe\u00fee = _and_, cf. B., _Tidskr_. viii. 57. See Ha., p. 83.\n\nl. 2489. B. proposes hre\u00e1-bl\u00e2c for Gr.'s heoro-.--_Tikskr_. viii. 297.\n\nl. 2494. S. suggests \u00ea\u00f0el-wynne.\n\nl. 2502. E. translates for duge\u00f0um, _of my prowess_; so Ettm\u00fcller.\n\nll. 2520-2522. Gr. and S. translate, \"if I knew how else I might combat the\nmonster's boastfulness.\"--Ha., p. 85.\n\nl. 2524. and-h\u00e2ttres is H.'s invention. Gr. reads ore\u00f0es and \u00e2ttres, _blast\nand venom_. Cf. oru\u00f0, l. 2558, and l. 2840 (where \u00e2ttor- also occurs).\n\nl. 2526. E. quotes fle\u00f3n f\u00f4tes trym from _Maldon_, l. 247.\n\nl. 2546. Gr., H.-So., and Ho. read standan st\u00e2n-bogan (for st\u00f4d on\nst\u00e2n-bogan) depending on geseah.\n\nl. 2550. Grundt. and B. propose de\u00f3r, _brave one_, i.e. Beowulf, for de\u00f3p.\n\nL. 2565. MS. has ungleaw (K., Th.), unglaw (Grundt.). B. proposes unsl\u00e2w, =\n_sharp_.--_Beit._ xii. 104. So H.-So., Ha., p. 86.\n\nll. 2570, 2571. (1) May not gesc\u00eefe (MS. to gscipe) = German _schief_,\n\"crooked,\" \"bent,\" \"aslant,\" and hence be a parallel to gebogen, _bent,\ncoiled?_ cf. l. 2568, \u00fe\u00e2 se wyrm gebe\u00e1h sn\u00fbde t\u00f4somne, and l. 2828. Coiled\nserpents spring more powerfully for the coiling. (2) Or perhaps destroy\ncomma after t\u00f4 and read gesc\u00e4pe, = _his fate_; cf. l. 26: him \u00fe\u00e2 Scyld\ngew\u00e2t t\u00f4 gesc\u00e4p-hw\u00eele. G. appar. adopts this reading, p. 78.\n\nl. 2589. grund-wong = _the field_, not _the earth_ (so B.); H.-So., _cave_,\nas at l. 2771. So Ha., p. 87.\n\nl. 2595. S. proposes colon after stefne.--_Beit._ ix. 141.\n\nl. 2604. M\u00fcllenh. explains le\u00f3d Scylfinga in _Anzeiger f. d. Altert._ iii.\n176-178.\n\nl. 2607. \u00e2re = _possessions, holding_ (Kl., _Beit._ ix. 192; Ha., p. 88).\n\nl. 2609. folcrihta. Add \"folk-right\" to the meanings in the Gloss.; and cf.\n\u00ea\u00f0el-, land-riht, word-riht.\n\nl. 2614. H.-So. reads with Gr. wr\u00e6ccan winele\u00e1sum Weohst\u00e2n bana, = _whom, a\nfriendless exile, W. had slain_.\n\nll. 2635-61. E. quotes Tacitus, _Germania_, xiv.: \"turpe comitatui virtutem\nprincipis non adaequare.\" Beowulf had been deserted by his _comitatus_.\n\nl. 2643. B. proposes \u00fbser.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 216.\n\nl. 2649. wutun; l. 3102, uton = pres. subj. pl. 1st person of w\u00eetan, _to\ngo_, used like Mod. Eng. _let us_ + inf., Lat. _eamus_, Ital. _andiamo_,\nFr. _allons_; M. E. (_Layamon_) _uten_. Cf. Psa. ii. 3, etc. March, _A.-S.\nGram._, pp. 104, 196.\n\nl. 2650. B. suggests h\u00e2t for hyt,.--_Beit._ xii. 105.\n\nl. 2656. f\u00e2ne = f\u00e2h-ne; cf. f\u00e2ra = f\u00e2h-ra, l. 578; so he\u00e1nne (MS.) =\nhe\u00e1h-ne, etc., l. 984. See Cook's Sievers' Gram.\n\nll. 2660, 2661. Why not read beadu-scr\u00fbd, as at l. 453, = _battle-shirt?_\nB. and R. suppose two half-verses omitted between byrdu-scr\u00fbd and b\u00e2m\ngem\u00e6ne. B. reads b\u00fdwdu, = _handsome_, etc. Gr. suggests unc n\u00fb, = _to us\ntwo now_, for \u00fbrum; and K. and Grundt. read be\u00f3n gem\u00e6ne for b\u00e2m, etc. This\nmakes sense. Cf. Ha., p. 89.\n\nl. 2666. Cf. the dat. absolute without preposition.\n\nl. 2681. N\u00e4gling; cf. Hrunting, L\u00e2fing, and other famous wundor-smi\u00f0a\ngeweorc of the poem.\n\nl. 2687. B. changes \u00feonne into \u00feone (rel. pro.) = _which_.--_Beit._ xii.\n105.\n\nl. 2688. B. supports the MS. reading, wundum.\n\nl. 2688. Cf. l. 2278 for similar language.\n\nl. 2698. B. (_Beit._ xii. 105) renders: \"he did not heed the head of the\ndragon (which Beowulf with his sword had struck without effect), but he\nstruck the dragon somewhat further down.\" Cf. Saxo, vi. p. 272.\n\nl. 2698. Cf. the language used at ll. 446 and 1373, where hafelan also\noccurs; and h\u00fddan.\n\nl. 2700. hw\u00eane; cf. Lowl. Sc. _wheen_, a number; Chaucer's _woon_, number.\n\nl. 2702. S. proposes \u00fe\u00e2 (for \u00fe\u00e4t) \u00fe\u00e4t f\u00fdr, etc., = _when the fire began_,\netc.\n\nl. 2704. \"The (hup)-seax has often been found in Saxon graves on the hip of\nthe skeleton.\"--E.\n\nl. 2707. Kl. proposes: feorh ealne wr\u00e4c, = _drove out all the life_; cf.\n_Gen._ l. 1385.--_Beit._ ix. 192. S. suggests gefylde,--_he felled the\nfoe_, etc.--_Ibid_. Parentheses seem unnecessary.\n\nl. 2727. d\u00e4g-hw\u00eel = _time allotted, lifetime_.\n\nl. 2745, 2745. Ho. removes geong from the beginning of l. 2745 and places\nit at the end of l. 2744.\n\nl. 2750. R. proposes sigle searogimmas, as at l. 1158.\n\nl. 2767. (1) B. proposes doubtfully oferh\u00eegean or oferh\u00eegan, = Goth,\n_ufarhauhjan_, p. p. _ufarhauhids_ (Gr. [Greek: tuphwtheis]) = _exceed in\nvalue_.--_Tidskr_. viii. 60. (2) Kl. proposes oferh\u00fddian, = _to make\narrogant, infatuate_; cf. oferh\u00fdd.--_Beit._ ix. 192.\n\nl. 2770. gelocen leo\u00f0ocr\u00e4ftum = (1) _spell-bound_ (Th., Arnold, E.); (2)\n_wrought with hand-craft_ (G.); (3) _meshed, linked together_ (H., Ho.);\ncf. _Elene_, ll. 1251, 522.\n\nl. 2778. B. considers bill ... ealdhl\u00e2fordes as Beowulf's short sword, with\nwhich he killed the dragon, l. 2704 (_Tidskr_. viii. 299). R. proposes\nealdhl\u00e2forde. M\u00fcllenh. understands ealdhl\u00e2ford to mean the former possessor\nof the hoard. W. agrees to this, but conceives \u00e6rgesc\u00f4d as a compd. = \u00e6re\ncalceatus, _sheathed in brass_. Ha. translates \u00e6rgesc\u00f4d as vb. and adv.\n\nl. 2791. Cf. l. 224, eoletes \u00e4t ende; landes \u00e4t ende, _Exod_. (Hunt).\n\nl. 2792. MS. reads w\u00e4teres weorpan, which R. would change to w\u00e4tere\nsweorfan.\n\nl. 2806. \"Men saw from its height the whales tumbling in the waves, and\ncalled it Whale's Ness (Hrones-n\u00e6s).\"--Br. p. 28. Cf. l. 3137.\n\nl. 2815. W\u00eegl\u00e2f was the next of kin, the last of the race, and hence the\nrecipient of Beowulf's kingly insignia. There is a possible play on the\nword l\u00e2f (W\u00eeg-_l\u00e2f_, ende-_l\u00e2f_).\n\nl. 2818. gingeste word; cf. _novissima verba_, and Ger. _j\u00fcngst_, lately.\n\nl. 2837. E. translates on lande, _in the world_, comparing _on l\u00eefe, on\nworulde_.\n\nl. 2840. ger\u00e6sde = pret. of ger\u00e6san (omitted from the Gloss.), same as\nr\u00e6san; cf. l. 2691.\n\nl. 2859. B. proposes de\u00e1\u00f0 \u00e2r\u00e6dan, = _determine death_.--_Beit._ xii. 106.\n\nl. 2861. Change geongum to geongan as a scribal error (?), but cf.\nLichtenheld, _Haupts Zeitschr._ xvi. 353-355.\n\nl. 2871. S. and W. propose \u00f4w\u00ear.--_Beit._ ix. 142.\n\nl. 2873. S. punctuates: wr\u00e2\u00f0e forwurpe, \u00fe\u00e2, etc.\n\nl. 2874. H.-So. begins a new sentence with nealles, ending the preceding\none with beget.\n\nl. 2879. \u00e4tgifan = _to render, to afford_; omitted in Gloss.\n\nll. 2885-2892. \"This passage ... equals the passage in Tacitus which\ndescribes the tie of chief to companion and companion to chief among the\nGermans, and which recounts the shame that fell on those who survived their\nlord.\"--Br., p. 56.\n\nl. 2886. cyn thus has the meaning of _gens_ or clan, just as in many\nOriental towns all are of one blood. E. compares Tacitus, _Germania_, 7;\nand cf. \"kith and kin.\"\n\nl. 2892. Death is preferable to dishonor. Cf. Kemble, _Saxons_, i. 235.\n\nl. 2901. The _[Greek: angelos]_ begins his _[Greek: angelia]_ here.\n\nl. 2910. S. proposes higem\u00ea\u00f0e, _sad of soul;_ cf. ll. 2853 and 2864\n(_Beit._ ix. 142). B. considers higem\u00ea\u00f0um a dat. or instr. pl. of an\nabstract in -u (_Beit._ xii. 106). H. makes it a dat. pl. = _for the dead_.\nFor heafod-wearde, etc., cf. note on l. 446.\n\nl. 2920-2921. B. explains \"he could not this time, as usual, give jewels to\nhis followers.\"--_Beit._ xii. 106.\n\nl. 2922. The Merovingian or Frankish race.\n\nl. 2940 _seq._ B. conjectures:\n\n    cw\u00e4\u00f0 h\u00eee on mergenne      m\u00eaces ecgum\n    g\u00eatan wolde,      sumon galgtreowu\n    \u00e2he\u00e1wan on holte      ond h\u00eee \u00e2h\u00f4an on \u00fe\u00e2\n    fuglum t\u00f4 gamene.\n\n--_Beit._ xii. 107, 372. Cf. S., _Beit._ ix. 143. g\u00eatan = _cause blood to\nbe shed._\n\nl. 2950. B. proposes gomela for g\u00f4da; \"a surprising epithet for a Geat to\napply to the 'terrible' Ongentheow.\"--Ha. p. 99. But \"good\" does not\nnecessarily mean \"morally excellent,\" as a \"good\" hater, a \"good\" fighter.\n\nl. 2959. See H.-So. for an explanatory quotation from Paulus Diaconus, etc.\nB., K., and Th. read segn Higel\u00e2ces, = H.'s banner uplifted began to pursue\nthe Swede-men.--_Beit._ xii. 108. S. suggests s\u00e6ce, = _pursuit_.\n\nl. 2977. gewyrpton: this vb. is also used reflexively in _Exod_. (Hunt), l.\n130: wyrpton hie w\u00earige.\n\nl. 2989. b\u00e4r is Grundt.'s reading, after the MS. \"The surviving victor is\nthe heir of the slaughtered foe.\"--H.-So. Cf. _Hildebrands Lied_, ll. 61,\n62.\n\nl. 2995. \"A hundred of thousands in land and rings\" (Ha., p. 100). Cf. ll.\n2196, 3051. Cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 20, who quotes Saxo's _bis senas gentes_\nand remarks: \"Hrolf Kraki, who rewards his follower, for the slaying of the\nforeign king, with jewels, rich lands, and his only daughter's hand,\nanswers to the Jutish king Hygel\u00e2c, who rewards his liegeman, for the\nslaying of Ongenthe\u00f3w, with jewels, enormous estates, and _his_ only\ndaughter's hand.\"\n\nl. 3006. H.-So. suggests Scilfingas for Scyldingas, because, at l. 2397,\nBeowulf kills the Scylfing E\u00e1dgils and probably acquires his lands. Thus\nll. 3002, 3005, 3006, would indicate that, after Beowulf's death, the\nSwedes desired to shake off his hated yoke. M\u00fcllenh., however, regards l.\n3006 as a thoughtless repetition of l. 2053.--_Haupts Zeitschr._ xiv. 239.\n\nl. 3008. Cf. the same proverb at l. 256; and _Exod._ (Hunt.) l. 293.\n\nl. 3022. E. quotes:\n\n    \"Thai token an harp _gle and game_\n    And maked a lai and yaf it name.\"\n                --_Weber_, l. 358.\n\nand from Percy, \"The word _glee_, which peculiarly denoted their art (the\nminstrels'), continues still in our own language ... it is to this day used\nin a musical sense, and applied to a peculiar piece of composition.\"\n\nl. 3025. \"This is a finer use than usual of the common poetic attendants of\na battle, the wolf, the eagle, and the raven. The three are here like three\nValkyrie, talking of all that they have done.\"--Br., p. 57.\n\nl. 3033. Cf. Hunt's _Dan._ l. 731, for similar language.\n\nl. 3039. B. supplies a supposed gap here:\n\n    [banan e\u00e1c fundon      bennum se\u00f3cne\n    (n\u00ea) \u00e6r h\u00ee \u00fe\u00e6m      ges\u00eagan syll\u00eecran wiht]\n    wyrm on wonge...\n             --_Beit._ xii. 372.\n\nCf. Ha., p. 102. W. and Ho. insert [\u00fe\u00e6r] before ges\u00eagan.\n\nl. 3042. Cf. l. 2561, where gryre-giest occurs as an epithet of the dragon.\nB. proposes gry[re-f\u00e2h].\n\nl. 3044. lyft-wynne, _in the pride of the air_, E.; _to rejoice in the\nair_, Ha.\n\nl. 3057. (1) He (God) is men's hope; (2) he is the heroes' hope; (3) gehyld\n= the secret place of enchanters; cf. h\u00ealsmanna gehyld, Gr.'s reading,\nafter A.-S. h\u00e6lsere, haruspex, augur.\n\nl. 3060. B. suggests geh\u00fd\u00f0de, = _plundered_ (i.e. by the thief), for\ngeh\u00fddde.\n\nll. 3063-3066. (1) B. suggests wundur [de\u00e1\u00f0e] hw\u00e2r \u00feonne eorl ellenrof ende\ngef\u00eare = _let a brave man then somewhere meet his end by wondrous venture_,\netc.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 241; cf. l. 3038. (2) S. supposes an indirect\nquestion introduced by hw\u00e2r and dependent upon wundur, = _a mystery is it\nwhen it happens that the hero is to die, if he is no longer to linger among\nhis people_.--_Beit._ ix. 143. (3) M\u00fcllenh. suggests: _is it to be wondered\nat that a man should die when he can no longer live?_--_Zachers Zeitschr._\nxiv. 241. (4) Possibly thus:\n\n                         Wundra\u00f0 hw\u00e4t \u00feonne,\n    eorl ellen-r\u00f4f,      ende gef\u00eare\n    l\u00eef-gesceafta,      \u00feonne leng ne m\u00e4g (etc.),\n\nin which hw\u00e4t would = \u00feurh hw\u00e4t at l. 3069, and eorl would be subject of\nthe conjectural vb. wundra\u00f0: \"the valiant earl wondereth then through what\nhe shall attain his life's end, when he no longer may live.... So Be\u00f3wulf\nknew not (wondered how) through what _his_ end should come,\" etc. W. and\nHo. join \u00feonne to the next line. Or, for hw\u00e2r read w\u00e6re: Wundur w\u00e6re \u00feonne\n(= gif), etc., = \"would it be any wonder if a brave man,\" etc., which is\nvirtually M\u00fcllenhoff's.\n\nl. 3053. galdre bewunden, _spell-bound_, throws light on l. 2770, gelocen\nleo\u00f0o-cr\u00e4ftum. The \"accursed\" gold of legend is often dragon-guarded and\nplaced under a spell. Even human ashes (as Shakespeare's) are thus banned.\nll. 3047-3058 recall the so-called \"Treasury of Atreus.\"\n\nl. 3073. herh, hearh, _temple_, is conjectured by E. to survive in _Harrow.\nTemple, barrow_, etc., have thus been raised to proper names. Cf. Bi\u00f3wulfes\nbiorh of l. 2808.\n\nl. 3074. H.-So. has strude, = _ravage_, and compares l. 3127. MS. has\nstrade. S. suggests stride, = _tread_.\n\nl. 3074. H.-So. omits str\u00e2dan, = _tread, stride over_, from the Gloss.,\nreferring ll. 3174 and 3074 to str\u00fbdan, q. v.\n\nl. 3075. S. proposes: n\u00e4s h\u00ea goldhw\u00e4tes gearwor h\u00e4fde, etc., = _Beowulf had\nnot before seen the greedy possessor's favor_.--_Beit._ ix. 143. B. reads,\ngoldhw\u00e4te gearwor h\u00e4fde, etc., making goldhw\u00e4te modify \u00east, = _golden\nfavor_; but see _Beit._ xii. 373, for B.'s later view.\n\nl. 3086-3087. B. translates, \"that which (i.e. the treasure) drew the king\nthither was granted indeed, but it overwhelmed us.\"--_Beit._ xii. 109.\n\nl. 3097. B. and S. propose \u00e4fter wine de\u00e1dum, = _in memory of the dead\nfriend_.--_Beit._ ix. 144.\n\nl. 3106. The br\u00e2d gold here possibly includes the i\u00fa-monna gold of l. 3053\nand the wunden gold of l. 3135. E. translates br\u00e2d by _bullion_.\n\nl. 3114. B. supposes folc-\u00e2gende to be dat. sg. to g\u00f4dum, referring to\nBeowulf.\n\nl. 3116. C. considers weaxan, = Lat. _vescor_, to devour, as a parallel to\nfretan, and discards parentheses.--_Beit._ viii. 573.\n\nl. 3120. f\u00fbs = _furnished with_; a meaning which must be added to those in\nthe Gloss.\n\nll. 3124-3125. S. proposes:\n\n    e\u00f3de eahta sum      under inwit-hr\u00f4f\n    hilderinca:      sum on handa b\u00e4r, etc.\n                            --_Beit._ ix. 144.\n\nl. 3136. H.-So. corrects (after B.) to \u00e4\u00f0eling_c_, the MS. having _e_.\n\nl. 3145. \"It was their [the Icelanders'] belief that the higher the smoke\nrose in the air the more glorious would the burnt man be in heaven.\"--\n_Ynglinga Saga_, 10 (quoted by E.). Cf. the funeral pyre of Herakles.\n\nl. 3146-3147. B. conjectures:\n\n                   ... sw\u00f4gende l\u00eac\n    w\u00f4pe bewunden      windblonda l\u00eag\n\n(l\u00eac from l\u00e2can, see Gloss.).--_Beit._ xii. 110. Why not windblonda l\u00e2c?\n\nl. 3147. M\u00fcllenhoff rejected wind-blond gel\u00e4g because a great fire raises\nrather than \"lays\" the wind; hence B., as above, = \"swoughing sported the\nflame wound with the howling of wind-currents.\"\n\nl. 3151 _seq._ B. restores conjecturally:\n\n    swylce gi\u00f4mor-gyd      sio ge\u00f3-meowle\n    [\u00e4fter Be\u00f3wulfe]      bunden-heorde\n    [song] sorg-cearig,      s\u00e6de geneahhe,\n    \u00fe\u00e4t hi\u00f3 hyre [hearm-]dagas      hearde on [dr]\u00eade,\n    w\u00e4lfylla worn,      [w]\u00eegendes egesan,\n    h\u00fd[n]\u00f0o ond h\u00e4ftn\u00fdd,      he\u00f3f on r\u00eece wealg.\n                   --_Beit._ xii. 100.\n\nHere ge\u00f3-meowle = _old woman_ or _widow;_ bunden-heorde = _with bound\nlocks;_ he\u00f3f = _lamentation;_ cf. l. 3143. on r\u00eece wealg is less preferable\nthan the MS. reading, heofon r\u00eace swealg = _heaven swallowed the smoke_.--\nH.-So. B. thinks Beowulf's widow (ge\u00f3meowle) was probably Hygd; cf. ll.\n2370, 3017-3021.\n\nl. 3162. H.-So. reads (with MS.) bronda be l\u00e2fe, for betost, and omits\ncolon after b\u00eacn. So B., _Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 224.\n\nl. 3171. E. quotes Gibbon's accounts of the burial of Attila when the\n\"chosen squadrons of the Hun, wheeling round in measured evolutions,\nchanted a funeral song to the memory of a hero.\"\n\nll. 3173-3174. B. proposes:\n\n    woldon g\u00ean cw\u00ee\u00f0an      [ond] kyning\n    wordgyd wrecan      ond ymb wel sprecan.\n                   --_Beit._ xii. 112.\n\nl. 3183. Z., K., Th. read manna for mannum.\n\nl. 3184. \"It is the English ideal of a hero as it was conceived by an\nEnglishman some twelve hundred years ago.\"--Br., p. 18.\n\n\n\nNOTES TO THE FIGHT AT FINNSBURG.\n\nThe original MS. of this fragment has vanished, but a copy had been made\nand printed by Hickes in his _Thesaurus Linguarum Septentrionalium_, i.\n192. The original was written on a single sheet attached to a codex of\nhomilies in the Lambeth Library. M\u00f6ller, _Alteng. Epos_, p. 65, places the\nfragment in the Finn episode, between ll. 1146 and 1147. Bugge (_Beit._\nxii. 20) makes it illustrate the conflict in which Hn\u00e4f fell, _i.e._ as\ndescribed in _Be\u00f3wulf_ as antecedent to the events there given. Heinzel\n(_Anzeiger f. d. Altert_.), however, calls attention to the fact that\nHengest in the fragment is called cyning, whereas in _Be\u00f3wulf_, l. 1086, he\nis called \u00feegn. See H.-So., p. 125.\n\n\"The _Fight at Finnsburg_ and the lays from which our _Be\u00f3wulf_ was\ncomposed were, as it seems to me, sung among the English who dwelt in the\nnorth of Denmark and the south of Sweden, and whose tribal name was the\nJutes or Goths.\"--Br., p. 101.\n\nl. 1. R. supposes [hor]nas, and conjectures such an introductory\nconversation as follows: \"Is it dawning in the east, or is a fiery dragon\nflying about, or are the turrets of some castle burning?\" questions which\nthe king negatives in the same order. Then comes the positive declaration,\n\"rather they are warriors marching whose armor gleams in the moonlight.\"\n--_Alt- und Angels. Lesebuch_, 1861. Heinzel and B. conjecture, [beorhtor\nhor]nas byrna\u00f0 n\u00e6fre. So. G.--_Beit._ xii. 22; _Anzeiger f. d. Altert._ x.\n229.\n\nl. 5. B. conjectures fugelas to mean _arrows_, and supplies:\n\n    ac h\u00ear for\u00f0 bera\u00f0      [fyrdsearu rincas,\n    flacre fl\u00e2nbogan],      fugelas singa\u00f0.\n\nHe compares Saxo, p. 95, _cristatis galeis hastisque sonantibus instant_,\nas explanatory of l. 6.--_Beit._ xii. 22. But see Brooke, _Early Eng.\nLiterature_, who supposes fugelas = _raven_ and _eagle_, while gr\u00e6g-hama is\n= _wulf_ (the \"grey-coated one\"), the ordinary accompaniers of battle.\n\nl. 11. hicgea\u00f0, etc.: cf. _Maldon_, l. 5; _Exod_. l. 218.\n\nl. 15. Cf. B. (_Beit._ xii. 25), etc., and Saxo, p. 101, for l. 13.\n\nll. 18-21. H.-So. remarks: \"If, according to M\u00f6ller and Bugge, G\u00e2rulf is\none of the attackers, one of Finn's men, this does not harmonize with his\ncharacter as G\u00fb\u00f0l\u00e2f's son (l. 33), who (l. 16, and _Be\u00f3wulf_, l. 1149) is a\nDane, therefore one of Finn's antagonists.\" B. (_Beit._ xii. 25)\nconjectures:\n\n    \u00fe\u00e2 gyt G\u00fb\u00f0dene      G\u00e2rulf styrode,\n    \u00fe\u00e4t h\u00ea sw\u00e2 fre\u00f3l\u00eec feorh      forman s\u00ee\u00f0e\n    t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6re healle durum      hyrsta ne b\u00e6re,\n    n\u00fb h\u00eee n\u00ee\u00f0a heard      \u00e2nyman wolde;\n\nin which G\u00fb\u00f0dene is the same as Sigefer\u00f0, l. 24; h\u00ea (l. 22) refers to\nG\u00e2rulf; and h\u00eee (l. 21) to hyrsta.\n\nl. 27. sw\u00e4\u00f0er = _either_ (bad or good, life or death).--H.-So.\n\nl. 29. c\u00ealod: meaning doubtful; cf. _Maldon_, l. 283. G. renders \"curved\nboard\"; Sw. suggests \"round\"? \"hollow\"?\n\nl. 30. B. suggests b\u00e2r-helm, = _boar-helm._ Cf. Saxo, p. 96.--_Beit._ xii.\n26.\n\nl. 34. B. conjectures: (1) hwearf flacra hr\u00e6w hr\u00e4fen, wandrode; (2) hwearf\nflacra hr\u00e6w hr\u00e4fen fram \u00f4\u00f0rum = _flew from one corpse to another_.--_Beit._\nxii. 27.\n\nl. 43. B. supposes wund h\u00e4le\u00f0 to be a Dane, folces hyrde to be Hn\u00e4f, in\nopposition to Holtzmann (_Germania_, viii. 494), who supposes the wounded\nman to be a Frisian, and folces hyrde to be their king, Finn.--_Beit._ xii.\n28.\n\nl. 45. B. adopts Th.'s reading heresceorp unhr\u00f4r = _equipments\nuseless_.--_Beit._ xii. 28.\n\nl. 47. \"Though wounded, they had retained their strength and activity in\nbattle.\"--B., _Beit._ xii. 28.\n\n\n\nADDENDA.\n\nll. 105 and 218. MS. and Ho. read won-s\u00e6li and f\u00e2mi-heals.\n\nll. 143, 183, 186, etc. Read \u00fe\u00e6m for \u00fe\u00e4m.\n\nl. 299. MS. reads g\u00f4d-fremmendra. So H.-So.\n\nl. 338. Ho. marks wr\u00e4c- and its group long.\n\nl. 530. Hw\u00e4t should here probably be printed as an interj., hw\u00e4t! Cf. ll.\n1, 943, 2249.\n\nl. 2263. Koeppel suggests nis for n\u00e4s.\n\nThe editors are much indebted to E. Koeppel (in _Eng. Stud._ xiii. 3) for\nnumerous corrections in text and glossary.\n\nl. 3070. H.-So. begins a new line with sw\u00e2.\n\n\n\n\nGLOSSARY\n\nA\n\nac, conj. denoting contrariety: hence 1) _but_ (like N.H.G. sondern), 109,\n135, 339, etc.--2) _but_ (N.H.G. aber), _nevertheless_, 602, 697, etc.--3)\nin direct questions: nonne, numquid, 1991.\n\nagl\u00e6ca, ahl\u00e6ca, \u00e4gl\u00e6ca, -cea, w. m. (cf. Goth, aglo, _trouble_, O.N. agi,\n_terror_, + l\u00e2c, _gift, sport: = misery, vexation, = bringer of trouble_;\nhence): 1) _evil spirit, demon, a demon-like being_; of Grendel, 159, 433,\n593, etc.; of the drake, 2535, 2906, etc.--2) _great hero, mighty warrior_;\nof Sigemund, 894; of Be\u00f3wulf: gen. sg. agl\u00e6can(?), 1513; of Be\u00f3wulf and the\ndrake: nom. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 agl\u00e6cean, 2593.\n\nagl\u00e6c-w\u00eef, st. n., _demon, devil, in the form of a woman_; of Grendel's\nmother, 1260.\n\naldor. See ealdor.\n\nal-wealda. See eal-w.\n\nam-biht (from and-b., Goth, and-baht-s), st. m., _servant, man-servant_:\nnom. sg. ombeht, of the coast-guard, 287; ombiht, of Wulfg\u00e2r, 336.\n\nambiht-\u00feegn (from ambiht n. officium and \u00feegn, which see), _servant,\nman-servant_: dat. sg. ombiht-\u00feegne, of Be\u00f3wulf's servant, 674.\n\nan, prep, with the dat., _on, in, with respect to_, 678; _with, among, at,\nupon_ (position after the governed word), 1936; with the acc., 1248.\nElsewhere on, which see.\n\nancor, st. m., _anchor_: dat. sg. ancre, 303, 1884.\n\nancor-bend, m. (?) f. (?), _anchor-cable_: dat. pl. oncer-bendum, 1919.\n\nand, conj. (ond is usual form; for example, 601, 1149, 2041), and 33, 39,\n40, etc. (See Appendix.)\n\nanda, w. m., _excitement, vexation, horror_: dat. wr\u00e2\u00f0um on andan, 709,\n2315.\n\nand-git, st. n., _insight, understanding_: nom. sg., 1060. See gitan.\n\nand-h\u00e2tor, st. m. n., _heat coming against one_: gen. sg. r\u00ea\u00f0es\nand-h\u00e2ttres, 2524.\n\nand-lang, -long, adj., _very long._ hence 1) _at whole length, raised up\nhigh_: acc. andlongne eorl, 2696 (cf. Bugge upon this point, Zachers\nZtschr., 4, 217).--2) _continual, entire_; andlangne d\u00e4g, 2116, _the whole\nday_; andlonge niht, 2939.\n\nand-le\u00e1n, st. n., _reward, payment in full_: acc. sg., 1542, 2095 (hand-,\nhond-lean, MS.).\n\nand-risno, st. f. (see r\u00eesan, surgere, decere), _that which is to be\nobserved, that which is proper, etiquette_: dat. pl. for andrysnum,\n_according to etiquette_, 1797.\n\nand-saca, w. m., _adversary_: godes andsaca (Grendel), 787, 1683.\n\nand-slyht, st. m., _blow in return_: acc. sg., 2930, 2973 (MS. both times\nhond-slyht).\n\nand-swaru, st. f., _act of accosting_: 1) to persons coming up, _an\naddress_, 2861.--2) in reply to something said, _an answer_, 354, 1494,\n1841.\n\nand-weard, adj., _present, existing_: acc. sg. n. sw\u00een ofer helme and-weard\n(_the image of the boar, which stands on his helm_), 1288.\n\nand-wlita, w. m., _countenance_: acc. sg. -an, 690.\n\nan-sund, adj., _entirely unharmed_: nom. sg. m., 1001.\n\nan-s\u00fdn, f., _the state of being seen_: hence 1) _the exterior, the form_,\n251: ans\u00fdn \u00fdwde, _showed his form_, i.e. appeared, 2835.--2) _aspect,\nappearance_, 929; on-s\u00fdn, 2773.\n\nan-walda, w. m., _He who rules over all, God_, 1273. See Note.\n\natol, adj. (also eatol, 2075, etc.), _hostile, frightful, cruel_: of\nGrendel, 159, 165, 593, 2075, etc.; of Grendel's mother's hands (dat. pl.\natolan), 1503; of the undulation of the waves, 849; of battle, 597,\n2479.--cf. O.N. atall, fortis, strenuus.\n\natel\u00eec, adj., _terrible, dreadful_: atel\u00eec egesa, 785.\n\n\n\u00c2\n\n\u00e2, adv. (Goth, \u00e1iv, acc. from aiv-s aevum), _ever, always_, 455, 882, 931,\n1479: \u00e2 sy\u00f0\u00f0an, _ever afterwards, ever, ever after_, 283, 2921.--_ever_,\n780.--Comp. n\u00e2.\n\n\u00e2d st. m. _funeral pile_: acc. sg. \u00e2d, 3139; dat. sg. \u00e2de, 1111, 1115.\n\n\u00e2d-faru, st. f., _way to the funeral pile_, dat. sg. on \u00e2d-f\u00e4re, 3011.\n\n\u00e2dl, st. f. _sickness_, 1737, 1764, 1849.\n\n\u00e2\u00f0, st. m., _oath in general_, 2740; _oath of allegiance_, 472 (?); _oath\nof reconciliation of two warring peoples_, 1098, 1108.\n\n\u00e2\u00f0-sweord, st. n., _the solemn taking of an oath, the swearing of an oath_:\nnom. pl., 2065. See sweord.\n\n\u00e2\u00f0um-swerian, m. pl., _son-in-law and father-in-law_: dat. pl., 84.\n\n\u00e2gan, verb, pret. and pres., _to have, to possess_, w. acc.: III. prs. sg.\n\u00e2h, 1728; inf. \u00e2gan, 1089; prt. \u00e2hte, 487, 522, 533; with object, geweald,\nto be supplied, 31. Form contracted with the negative: prs. sg. I. n\u00e2h hw\u00e2\nsweord wege (_I have no one to wield the sword_), 2253.\n\n\u00e2gen, adj., _own, peculiar_, 2677.\n\n\u00e2gend (prs. part. of \u00e2gan), _possessor, owner, lord_: gen. sg. \u00e2gendes, _of\nGod_, 3076.--Compounds: bl\u00e6d-, bold-, folc-, m\u00e4gen-\u00e2gend.\n\n\u00e2gend-fre\u00e1, w. m., _owner, lord_: gen. sg. \u00e2gend-fre\u00e1n, 1884.\n\n\u00e2hsian, ge-\u00e2hsian, w. v.: 1) _to examine, to find out by inquiring_: pret.\npart. ge-\u00e2hsod, 433.--2) _to experience, to endure_: pret. \u00e2hsode, 1207;\npl. \u00e2hsodon, 423.\n\n\u00e2ht, st. n. (contracted from \u00e2-wiht, which see), _something, anything_: \u00e2ht\ncwices, 2315.\n\n\u00e2n, num. The meaning of this word betrays its apparent demonstrative\ncharacter: 1) _this, that_, 2411, of the hall in the earth mentioned\nbefore; similarly, 100 (of Grendel; already mentioned), cf. also 2775.--2)\n_one_, a particular one among many, a single one, in numerical sense: ymb\n\u00e2ne niht (_the next night_), 135; \u00feurh \u00e2nes cr\u00e4ft, 700; \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00e2num, 1038; \u00e2n\n\u00e4fter \u00e2num, _one for the other_ (Hr\u00ea\u00f0el for Herebeald), 2462: similarly, \u00e2n\n\u00e4fter eallum, 2269; \u00e2nes hw\u00e4t, _some single thing, a part_, 3011; se \u00e2n\nle\u00f3da dugu\u00f0e, _the one of the heroes of the people_, 2238; \u00e2nes willan,\n_for the sake of a single one_, 3078, etc.--Hence, again, 3) _alone,\ndistinguished_, 1459, 1886.--4) _a_, in the sense of an indefinite article:\n\u00e2n ... fe\u00f3nd, 100; gen. sg. \u00e2nre b\u00eane (or to No.2[?]), 428; \u00e2n ... draca,\n221l--5) gen. pl. \u00e2nra, in connection with a pronoun, _single_; \u00e2nra\ngehwylces, _every single one_, 733; \u00e2nra gehwylcum, 785. Similarly, the\ndat. pl. in this sense: nemne fe\u00e1um \u00e2num, _except a few single ones_,\n1082.--6) solus, _alone_: in the strong form, 1378, 2965; in the weak form,\n145, 425, 431, 889, etc.; with the gen., \u00e2na Ge\u00e1ta dugu\u00f0e, _alone of the\nwarriors of the Ge\u00e1tas_, 2658.--7) solitarius, _alone, lonely_, see\n\u00e6n.--Comp. n\u00e2n.\n\n\u00e2n-feald, adj., _simple, plain, without reserve_: acc. sg. \u00e2nfealdne\nge\u00fe\u00f4ht, _simple opinion_, 256.\n\n\u00e2n-genga, -gengea, w. m., _he who goes alone_, of Grendel, 165, 449.\n\n\u00e2n-haga, w. m., _he who stands alone_, solitarius, 2369.\n\n\u00e2n-hydig, adj. (like the O.N. ein-r\u00e2d-r, _of one resolve_, i.e. of firm\nresolve), _of one opinion_, i.e. firm, brave, decided, 2668.\n\n\u00e2nga, adj. (only in the weak form), _single, only_: acc. sg. \u00e2ngan d\u00f4htor,\n375, 2998; \u00e2ngan eaferan, 1548; dat. sg. \u00e2ngan br\u00ea\u00f0er, 1263.\n\n\u00e2n-p\u00e4\u00f0, st. m., _lonely way, path_: acc. pl. \u00e2npa\u00f0as, 1411.\n\n\u00e2n-r\u00e6d, adj. (cf. under \u00e2n-hydig), _of firm resolution, resolved_, 1530,\n1576.\n\n\u00e2n-t\u00eed, st. f., _one time_, i.e. the same time, ymb \u00e2n-t\u00eed \u00f4\u00f0res d\u00f4gores,\n_about the same time the second day_ (they sailed twenty-four hours),\n219.--\u00e2n stands as in \u00e2n-mod, O.H.G. ein-muoti, _harmonious, of the same\ndisposition_.\n\n\u00e2nunga, adv., _throughout, entirely, wholly_, 635.\n\n\u00e2r, st. m., _ambassador, messenger_, 336, 2784.\n\n\u00e2r, st. f., 1) _honor, dignity_: \u00e2rum healdan, _to hold in honor_, 296;\nsimilarly, 1100, 1183.--2) _favor, grace, support_: acc. sg. \u00e2re, 1273,\n2607; dat. sg. \u00e2re, 2379; gen. pl. hw\u00e4t ... \u00e2rna, 1188.--Comp. worold-\u00e2r;\nalso written \u00e6r.\n\n\u00e2r-f\u00e4st, adj., _honorable, upright_, 1169; of H\u00fbnfer\u00f0 (with reference to\n588). See f\u00e4st.\n\n\u00e2rian, w. v., (_to be gracious_), _to spare_: III. sg. prs. w. dat. n\u00e6negum\n\u00e2ra\u00f0; of Grendel, 599.\n\n\u00e2r-st\u00e4f, st. m.,(elementum honoris), _grace, favor_: dat. pl. mid \u00e2rstafum,\n317.--_Help, support_: dat. pl. for \u00e2r-stafum, _to the assistance_, 382,\n458. See st\u00e4f.\n\n\u00e2ter-te\u00e1r, m., _poisonous drop_: dat. pl. \u00eeren \u00e2ter-te\u00e1rum f\u00e2h (steel which\nis dipped in poison or in poisonous sap of plants), 1460.\n\n\u00e2ttor, st. n., _poison_, here of the poison of the dragon's bite: nom.,\n2716.\n\n\u00e2ttor-scea\u00f0a, w. m., _poisonous enemy, of the poisonous dragon_: gen. sg.\n-scea\u00f0an, 2840.\n\n\u00e2w\u00e2, adv. (certainly not the dative, but a reduplicated form of \u00e2, which\nsee), _ever_: \u00e2w\u00e2 t\u00f4 aldre, _f\u00f4r ever and ever_, 956.\n\n\n\u00c4\n\n\u00e4dre, adv., _hastily, directly, immediately_, 77, 354, 3107. [\u00e6dre.]\n\n\u00e4\u00f0ele, adj., _noble_: nom. sg., of Be\u00f3wulf, 198, 1313; of Be\u00f3wulf's father,\n263, where it can be understood as well in a moral as in a genealogical\nsense; the latter prevails decidedly in the gen. sg. \u00e4\u00f0elan cynnes, 2235.\n\n\u00e4\u00f0eling, st. m., _nobleman, man of noble descent_, especially the\nappellation of a man of royal birth; so of the kings of the Danes, 3; of\nScyld, 33; of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 130; of Sigemund, 889; of Be\u00f3wulf, 1226, 1245, 1597,\n1816, 2189, 2343, 2375, 2425, 2716, 3136; perhaps also of D\u00e4ghrefn,\n2507;--then, in a broader sense, also denoting other noble-born men:\n\u00c4schere, 1295; Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's courtiers, 118, 983; Herem\u00f4d's courtiers, 907;\nHengest's warriors, 1113; Be\u00f3wulf's retinue, 1805, 1921, 3172; noble-born\nin general, 2889. --Comp. sib-\u00e4\u00f0eling.\n\n\u00e4\u00f0elu, st. n., only in the pl., _noble descent, nobility_, in the sense of\nnoble lineage: acc. pl. \u00e4\u00f0elu, 392; dat. pl. cyning \u00e4\u00f0elum g\u00f4d, _the king,\nof noble birth_, 1871; \u00e4\u00f0elum di\u00f3re, _worthy on account of noble lineage_,\n1950; \u00e4\u00f0elum (h\u00e6le\u00feum, MS.), 332.--Comp. f\u00e4der-\u00e4\u00f0elu.\n\n\u00e4fnan, w. v. w. acc., _to perform, to carry out, to accomplish_: inf.\nellen-weorc \u00e4fnan, _to do a heroic deed_, 1465; pret. unriht \u00e4fnde,\n_perpetrated wrong_, 1255.\n\nge-\u00e4fnan, 1) _to carry out, to do, to accomplish_: pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t ge\u00e4fndon\nsw\u00e2, _so carried that out_, 538; pret. part. \u00e2\u00f0 w\u00e4s ge\u00e4fned, _the oath was\nsworn_, 1108.--2) _get ready, prepare_: pret. part. ge\u00e4fned, 3107. See\nefnan.\n\n\u00e4fter (comparative of af, Ags. of, which see; hence it expresses the idea\nof _forth, away, from, back_), a) adv., _thereupon, afterwards_, 12, 341,\n1390, 2155.--ic him \u00e4fter sceal, _I shall go after them_, 2817; in word\n\u00e4fter cw\u00e4\u00f0, 315, the sense seems to be, _spoke back, having turned_; b)\nprep. w. dat., 1) (temporal) _after_, 119, 128, 187, 825, 1939, etc.; \u00e4fter\nbeorne, _after the_ (death of) _the hero_, 2261, so 2262; \u00e4fter\nm\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-welan, _after_ (obtaining) _the treasure_, 2751.--2) (causal) as\nproceeding from something, denoting result and purpose, hence, _in\nconsequence of, conformably to_: \u00e4fter rihte, _in accordance with right_,\n1050, 2111; \u00e4fter faro\u00f0e, _with the current_, 580; so 1321, 1721, 1944,\n2180, etc., \u00e4fter hea\u00f0o-sw\u00e2te, _in consequence of the blood of battle_,\n1607; \u00e4fter w\u00e4ln\u00ee\u00f0e, _in consequence of mortal enmity_, 85; _in accordance\nwith, on account of, after, about_: \u00e4fter \u00e4\u00f0elum (h\u00e6le\u00feum, MS.)fr\u00e4gn,\n_asked about the descent_, 332; ne frin \u00feu \u00e4fter s\u00e6lum, _ask not after my\nwelfare_, 1323; \u00e4fter sincgyfan gre\u00f3te\u00f0, _weeps for the giver of treasure_,\n1343; him \u00e4fter de\u00f3rum men dyrne langa\u00f0, _longs in secret for the dear\nman_, 1880; \u00e2n \u00e4fter \u00e2num, _one for the other_, 2462, etc.--3) (local),\n_along_: \u00e4fter gumcynnum, _throughout the races of men, among men_, 945;\ns\u00f4hte bed \u00e4fter b\u00fbrum, _sought a bed among the rooms of the castle_ (the\ncastle was fortified, the hall was not), 140; \u00e4fter recede wl\u00e2t, _looked\nalong the hall_, 1573; stone \u00e4fter st\u00e2ne, _smelt along the rocks_, 2289;\n\u00e4fter lyfte, _along the air through the air_, 2833; similarly, 996, 1068,\n1317, etc.\n\n\u00e4f-\u00feunca, w. m., _anger, chagrin, vexatious affair_: nom., 502.\n\n\u00e4gl\u00e6cea. See agl\u00e6cea.\n\n\u00e4led (Old Sax. eld, O.N. edl-r), st. m., _fire_, 3016. [\u00e6led.]\n\n\u00e4led-le\u00f3ma, w. m., _(fire-light), torch_: acc. sg. le\u00f3man, 3126. See le\u00f3ma.\n\n\u00e4l-fylce (from \u00e4l-, Goth. ali-s, [Greek: allos], and fylce, O.N. fylki,\ncollective form from folc), st. n., _other folk, hostile army_: dat. pl.\nwi\u00f0 \u00e4lfylcum, 2372.\n\n\u00e4l-mihtig (for eal-m.), adj., _almighty_: nom. sg. m., of the weak form, se\n\u00e4l-mihtiga, 92.\n\n\u00e4l-wiht, st. m., _being of another species, monster_: gen. pl. \u00e4l-wihta\neard, of the dwelling-place of Grendel's kindred, 1501.\n\n\u00e4ppel-fealu, adj., _dappled sorrel_, or _apple-yellow_: nom. pl.\n\u00e4ppel-fealuwe mearas, _apple-yellow steeds_, 2166.\n\n\u00e4rn, st. n., _house_, in the compounds heal-, hord-, medo-, \u00fery\u00f0-, win-\u00e4rn.\n\n\u00e4sc, st. m., _ash_ (does not occur in Be\u00f3wulf in this sense), _lance,\nspear_, because the shaft consists of ash wood: dat. pl. (qu\u00e2 instr.) \u00e4scum\nand ecgum, _with spears and swords_, 1773.\n\n\u00e4sc-holt, st. n., _ash wood, ashen shaft_: nom. pl. \u00e4sc-holt ufan gr\u00e6g,\n_the ashen shafts gray above_ (spears with iron points), 330.\n\n\u00e4sc-w\u00eega, w. m., _spear-fighter, warrior armed with the spear_: nom. sg.,\n2043.\n\n\u00e4t, prep. w. dat., with the fundamental meaning of nearness to something,\nhence 1) local, a) _with, near, at, on, in_ (rest): \u00e4t h\u00fd\u00f0e, in _harbor_,\n32; \u00e4t symle, _at the meal_, 81, \u00e4t \u00e2de, _on the funeral-pile_, 1111, 1115;\n\u00e4t \u00fee \u00e2num, _with thee alone_, 1378; \u00e4t w\u00eege, _in the fight_, 1338; \u00e4t\nhilde, 1660, 2682; \u00e4t \u00e6te, _in eating_, 3027, etc. b) _to, towards, at, on_\n(motion to): de\u00e1\u00f0es wylm hr\u00e2n \u00e4t heortan, _seized upon the heart_, 2271;\ngeh\u00eaton \u00e4t h\u00e4rgtrafum, _vowed at_ (or _to_) _the temples of the gods_, 175.\nc) with verbs of taking away, _away from_ (as starting from near an\nobject): ge\u00feeah \u00fe\u00e4t ful \u00e4t Wealh\u00fee\u00f3n, _took the cup from W_., 630; fela ic\ngeb\u00e2d grynna \u00e4t Grendle, _from Grendel_, 931; \u00e4t m\u00eenum f\u00e4der genam, _took\nme from my father to himself_, 2430.--2) temporal, _at, in, at the time\nof_: \u00e4t frumsceafte, _in the beginning_, 45; \u00e4t ende, _at an end_, 224;\nfand s\u00eenne dryhten ealdres \u00e4t ende, _at the end of life, dying_, 2791;\nsimilarly, 2823; \u00e4t feohgyftum, _in giving gifts_, 1090; \u00e4t s\u00ee\u00f0estan,\n_finally_, 3014.\n\n\u00e4t-gr\u00e6pe, adj., _laying hold of_, prehendens, 1270.\n\n\u00e4t-rihte, adv., _almost_, 1658.\n\n\n\u00c6\n\n\u00e6dre, \u00eadre, st. f., _aqueduct, canal_ (not in Be\u00f3w.), _vein_ (not in\nBe\u00f3w.), _stream, violent pouring forth_: dat. pl. sw\u00e2t \u00e6drum sprong, _the\nblood sprang in streams_, 2967; bl\u00f4d \u00eadrum dranc, _drank the blood in\nstreams_(?), 743.\n\n\u00e6\u00f0m, st. m., _breath, gasp, snort_: instr. sg. hre\u00f0er \u00e6\u00f0me we\u00f3ll, _the\nbreast_ (of the drake) _heaved with snorting_, 2594.\n\n\u00e6fen, st. m., _evening_, 1236.\n\n\u00e6fen-gram, adj., _hostile at evening, night-enemy_: nom. sg. m. \u00e6fen-grom,\nof Grendel, 2075.\n\n\u00e6fen-le\u00f3ht, st. n., _evening-light_: nom. sg., 413.\n\n\u00e6fen-r\u00e4st, st. f., _evening-rest_: acc. sg. -r\u00e4ste, 647, 1253.\n\n\u00e6fen-spr\u00e6c, st. f., _evening-talk_: acc. sg. gemunde ...\u00e6fen-spr\u00e6ce,\n_thought about what he had spoken in the evening_, 760.\n\n\u00e6fre, adv., _ever, at any time_, 70, 280, 504, 693, etc.: in negative\nsentences, \u00e6fre ne, _never_, 2601.--Comp. n\u00e6fre.\n\n\u00e6g-hw\u00e2 (O.H.G. \u00eao-ga-hw\u00ebr), pron., _every, each_: dat. sg. \u00e6ghw\u00e6m, 1385.\nThe gen. sg. in adverbial sense, _in all, throughout, thoroughly_: \u00e6ghw\u00e4s\nunt\u00e6le, _thoroughly blameless_, 1866; \u00e6ghw\u00e4s unr\u00eem, _entirely innumerable\nquantity_, i.e. an enormous multitude, 2625, 3136.\n\n\u00e6g-hw\u00e4\u00f0er (O.H.G. \u00eao-ga-hw\u00ebdar): 1) _each_ (of two): nom. sg. h\u00e4fde\n\u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0er ende gef\u00eared, _each of the two_ (Be\u00f3wulf and the drake) _had\nreached the end_, 2845; dat. sg. \u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0rum w\u00e4s br\u00f4ga fram \u00f4\u00f0rum, _to each\nof the two_ (Be\u00f3wulf and the drake) _was fear of the other_, 2565; gen. sg.\n\u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0res ... worda and worca, 287.--2) _each_ (of several): dat. sg. heora\n\u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0rum, 1637.\n\n\u00e6g-hw\u00e6r, adv., _everywhere_, 1060.\n\n\u00e6g-hwilc (O.H.G. \u00eao-gi-hw\u00eblih), pron., unusquisque, _every_ (one): 1) used\nas an adj.: acc. sg. m. d\u00e6l \u00e6ghwylcne, 622.--2) as substantive, a) with the\npartitive genitive: nom. sg. \u00e6g-hwylc, 9, 2888; dat. sg. \u00e6ghwylcum, 1051.\nb) without gen.: nom. sg. \u00e6ghwylc, 985, 988; (w\u00e4s) \u00e6ghwylc \u00f4\u00f0rum tr\u00fdwe,\n_each one_ (of two) _true to the other_, 1166.\n\n\u00e6g-weard, st. f., _watch on the sea shore_: acc. sg. \u00e6g-wearde, 241.\n\n\u00e6ht (abstract form from \u00e2gan, denoting the state of possessing), st. f.: 1)\n_possession, power_: acc. sg. on fl\u00f4des \u00e6ht, 42; on w\u00e4teres \u00e6ht, _into the\npower of the water_, 516; on \u00e6ht gehwearf Denigea fre\u00e1n, _passed over into\nthe possession of a Danish master_, 1680.--2) _property, possessions,\ngoods_: acc. pl. \u00e6hte, 2249.--Comp. m\u00e2\u00f0m-, gold-\u00e6ht.\n\n\u00e6ht (O.H.G. \u00e2hta), st. f., _pursuit_: nom. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s \u00e6ht boden Sweona le\u00f3dum,\nsegn Higel\u00e2ce, _then was pursuit offered to the people of the Sweonas,\n(their) banner to Hygel\u00e2c_ (i.e. the banner of the Swedes, taken during\ntheir flight, fell into the hands of Hygel\u00e2c), 2958.\n\nge-\u00e6htan, w. v., _to prize, to speak in praise of_: pret. part. ge\u00e6hted,\n1866. [ge\u00e4htan.]\n\nge-\u00e6htla, w. m., or ge-\u00e6htle, w. f., _a speaking of with praise, high\nesteem_: gen. sg. hy ... wyr\u00f0e \u00feincea\u00f0 eorla ge\u00e6htlan, _seem worthy of the\nhigh esteem of the noble-born_, 369. [ge\u00e4htla.]\n\n\u00e6n (oblique form of \u00e2n), num., _one_: acc. sg. m. \u00feone \u00e6nne \u00feone..., _the\none whom_..., 1054; oftor micle \u00feonne on \u00e6nne s\u00ee\u00f0, _much oftener than one\ntime_, 1580; for\u00f0 onsendon \u00e6nne, _sent him forth alone_, 46.\n\n\u00e6ne, adv., _once_: oft nalles \u00e6ne, 3020.\n\n\u00e6nig, pron., _one, any one_, 474, 503, 510, 534, etc.: instr. sg. nolde ...\n0nige \u00feinga, _would in no way, not at all_, 792; lyt \u00e6nig mearn, _little\ndid any one sorrow_ (i.e. no one), 3130.--With the article: n\u00e4s se\nfolccyning ... \u00e6nig, _no people's king_, 2735.--Comp. n\u00e6nig.\n\n\u00e6n-l\u00eec, adj., _alone, excellent, distinguished_: \u00e6nl\u00eec ans\u00fdn,\n_distinguished appearance_, 251; \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee hi\u00f3 \u00e6nl\u00eecu s\u00fd, _though she be\nbeautiful_, 1942.\n\n\u00e6r (comparative form, from \u00e2): 1) adv., _sooner, before, beforehand_, 15,\n656, 695, 758, etc., _for a long time_, 2596; eft sw\u00e2 \u00e6r, _again as\nformerly_, 643; \u00e6r ne si\u00f0\u00f0an, _neither sooner nor later_, 719; \u00e6r and s\u00ee\u00f0,\n_sooner and later_ (all times), 2501; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r (_not so much the sooner_),\n_yet not_, 755, 1503, 2082, 2161, 2467.--2) conjunct., _before, ere_: a)\nwith the ind.: \u00e6r hi\u00f3 t\u00f4 setle ge\u00f3ng, 2020. b) w. subjunc.: \u00e6r ge fyr\nf\u00earan, _before you travel farther_, 252; \u00e6r he on hwurfe 164, so 677, 2819;\n\u00e6r \u00feon d\u00e4g cw\u00f4me, _ere the day break_, 732; \u00e6r correlative to \u00e6r adv.: \u00e6r\nhe feorh sele\u00f0, aldor an \u00f4fre, \u00e6r he wille ..., _he will sooner_ (rather)\n_leave his life upon the shore, before_ (than) _he will_ ..., 1372.--3)\nprepos. with dat., _before_ \u00e6r de\u00e1\u00f0e, _before death_, 1389; \u00e6r d\u00e4ges hw\u00eele,\n_before daybreak_, 2321; \u00e6r swylt-d\u00e4ge, _before the day of death_, 2799.\n\n\u00e6ror, comp. adv., _sooner, before-hand_, 810; _formerly_, 2655.\n\n\u00e6rra, comp. adj., _earlier_; instr. pl., \u00e6rran m\u00e6lum, _in former times_,\n908, 2238, 3036.\n\n\u00e6rest, superl.: 1) adv., _first of all, foremost_, 6, 617, 1698, etc.--2)\nas subst. n., _relation to, the beginning_: acc. \u00fe\u00e4t ic his \u00e6rest \u00fee eft\nges\u00e4gde (_to tell thee in what relation it stood at first to the coat of\nmail that has been presented_), 2158. See Note.\n\n\u00e6r-d\u00e4g, st. m. (_before-day_), _morning-twilight, gray of morning_: dat.\nsg. mid \u00e6rd\u00e4ge, 126; samod \u00e6rd\u00e4ge, 1312, 2943.\n\n\u00e6rende, st. n., _errand, trust_: acc. sg., 270, 345.\n\n\u00e6r-f\u00e4der, st. m., _late father, deceased father_: nom sg. sw\u00e2 his \u00e6rf\u00e4der,\n2623.\n\n\u00e6r-gestre\u00f3n, st. n., _old treasure, possessions dating from old times_: acc\nsg., 1758; gen. sg. swylcra fela \u00e6rgestre\u00f3na, _much of such old treasure_,\n2233. See gestre\u00f3n.\n\n\u00e6r-geweorc, st. n., _work dating from old times_: nom. sg. enta \u00e6r-geweorc,\n_the old work of the giants_ (of the golden sword-hilt from Grendel's\nwater-hall), 1680. See geweorc.\n\n\u00e6r-g\u00f4d, adj., _good since old times, long invested with dignity_ or\n_advantages_: \u00e4\u00f0eling \u00e6rg\u00f4d, 130; (eorl) \u00e6rg\u00f4d, 1330; \u00eeren \u00e6rg\u00f4d\n(_excellent sword_), 990, 2587.\n\n\u00e6r-wela, w. m., _old possessions, riches dating from old times_: acc. sg.\n\u00e6rwelan, 2748. See wela.\n\n\u00e6s, st. n., _carcass, carrion_: dat. (instr.) sg. \u00e6se, of \u00c4schere's corpse,\n1333.\n\n\u00e6t, st. m., _food, meat_: dat, sg., h\u00fb him \u00e4t \u00e6te spe\u00f3w, _how he fared well\nat meat_, 3027.\n\n\u00e6ttren (see \u00e2ttor), adj., _poisonous_: w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t bl\u00f4d t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s h\u00e2t, \u00e6ttren\nellorg\u00e2st, se \u00e6r inne swealt, _so hot was the blood, (and) poisonous the\ndemon_ (Grendel's mother) _who died therein_, 1618\n\n\nB\n\nbana, bona, w. m., _murderer_, 158, 588, 1103, etc.: acc. sg. bonan\nOngen\u00fee\u00f3wes, of Hygel\u00e2c, although in reality his men slew Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w (2965\nff.), 1969. Figuratively of inanimate objects: ne w\u00e4s ecg bona, 2507; wear\u00f0\nwracu Weohst\u00e2nes bana, 2614.--Comp.: ecg-, feorh-, g\u00e2st-, hand-, m\u00fb\u00f0-bana.\n\nbon-g\u00e2r, st. m. _murdering spear_, 2032.\n\nge-bannan, st. v. w. acc. of the thing and dat. of the person, _to command,\nto bid_: inf., 74.\n\nb\u00e2d, st. f., _pledge_, only in comp.: n\u00fdd-b\u00e2d.\n\nb\u00e2n, st. n., _bone_: dat. sg. on b\u00e2ne (on the bony skin of the drake),\n2579; dat. pl. heals ealne ymbef\u00eang biteran b\u00e2num (here of the teeth of the\ndrake), 2693.\n\nb\u00e2n-c\u00f4fa, w. m., \"cubile ossium\" (Grimm) of the body: dat. sg. -c\u00f4fan,\n1446.\n\nb\u00e2n-f\u00e2g, adj., _variegated with bones_, either with ornaments made of\nbone-work, or adorned with bone, perhaps deer-antlers; of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's hall,\n781. The last meaning seems the more probable.\n\nb\u00e2n-f\u00e4t, st. n., _bone-vessel_, i.e. the body: acc. pl. b\u00e2n-fatu, 1117.\n\nb\u00e2n-hring, st. m., _the bone-structure, joint, bone-joint_: acc. pl. hire\nwi\u00f0 halse ... b\u00e2nhringas br\u00e4c (_broke her neck-joint_), 1568.\n\nb\u00e2n-h\u00fbs, st. n., _bone-house_, i.e. the body: acc. sg. b\u00e2nh\u00fbs gebr\u00e4c, 2509;\nsimilarly, 3148.\n\nb\u00e2n-loca, w. m., _the enclosure of the bones_, i.e. the body: acc. sg. b\u00e2t\nb\u00e2nlocan, _bit the body_, 743; nom. pl. burston b\u00e2nlocan, _the body burst_\n(of Grendel, because his arm was torn out), 819.\n\nb\u00e2t, st. m., _boat, craft, ship_, 211.--Comp. s\u00e6-b\u00e2t.\n\nb\u00e2t-weard, st. m., _boat-watcher, he who keeps watch over the craft._ dat.\nsg. -wearde, 1901.\n\nb\u00e4\u00f0, st. n., _bath_: acc. sg. ofer ganotes b\u00e4\u00f0, _over the diver's bath_\n(i.e. the sea), 1862.\n\nb\u00e4rnan, w. v., _to cause to burn, to burn_: inf. h\u00eat ... b\u00e2nfatu b\u00e4rnan,\n_bade that the bodies be burned_, 1117; ongan ... beorht hofu b\u00e4rnan,\n_began to consume the splendid country-seats_ (the dragon), 2314.\n\nfor-b\u00e4rnan, w. v., _consume with fire_: inf. hy hine ne m\u00f4ston ...\nbrondefor-b\u00e4rnan, _they_ (the Danes) _could not burn him_ (the dead\n\u00c4schere) _upon the funeral-pile_, 2127.\n\nb\u00e6dan (Goth, baidjan, O.N. be\u00f0ia), _to incite, to encourage_: pret. b\u00e6dde\nbyre geonge, _encouraged the youths_ (at the banquet), 2019.\n\nge-b\u00e6dan, w. v., _to press hard_: pret. part. bysigum geb\u00e6ded, _distressed\nby trouble, difficulty, danger_ (of battle), 2581; _to drive, to send\nforth_: str\u00e6la storm strengum geb\u00e6ded, _the storm of arrows sent with\nstrength_, 3118; _overcome_: draca ... bealwe geb\u00e6ded, _the dragon ...\novercome by the ills of battle_, 2827.\n\nb\u00e6l (O.N. b\u00e2l), st. n., _fire, flames_: (wyrm) mid b\u00e6le f\u00f4r, _passed\n(through the air) with fire_, 2309; h\u00e4fde landwara l\u00eege befangan, b\u00e6le and\nbronde, _with fire and burning_, 2323.--Especially, _the fire of the\nfuneral-pile, the funeral-pile_, 1110, 1117, 2127; \u00e6r he b\u00e6l cure, _ere he\nsought the burning_ (i.e. died), 2819; h\u00e2ta\u00f0 ... hl\u00e6w gewyrcean ... \u00e4fter\nb\u00e6le, _after I am burned, let a burial mound be thrown up_ (Be\u00f3wulf's\nwords), 2804.\n\nb\u00e6l-f\u00fdr, st. n., _bale-fire, fire of the funeral-pile_: gen. pl. b\u00e6lf\u00fdra\nm\u00e6st, 3144.\n\nb\u00e6l-stede, st. m., _place for the funeral-pile_: dat. sg. in b\u00e6l=stede,\n3098.\n\nb\u00e6l-wudu, st. m., _wood for the funeral-pile_, 3113.\n\nb\u00e6r, st. f., _bier_, 3106.\n\nge-b\u00e6ran, w. v., _to conduct one's self, behave_: inf. w. adv., ne gefr\u00e4gen\nic \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e6g\u00f0e ... s\u00eal geb\u00e6ran, _I did not hear that a troop bore itself\nbetter, maintained a nobler deportment_, 1013; he on eor\u00f0an geseah \u00feone\nle\u00f3festan l\u00eefes \u00e4t ende ble\u00e1te geb\u00e6ran, _saw the best-beloved upon the\nearth, at the end of his life, struggling miserably_ (i.e. in a helpless\nsituation), 2825.\n\nge-b\u00e6tan (denominative from b\u00e6te, _the bit_), w. v., _to place the bit in\nthe mouth of an animal, to bridle_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re hors\ngeb\u00e6ted, 1400.\n\nbe, prep. w. dat. (with the fundamental meaning _near_, \"but not of one\ndirection, as \u00e4t, but more general\"): 1) local, _near by, near, at, on_\n(rest): be \u00fddl\u00e2fe uppe l\u00e6gon, _lay above, upon the deposit of the waves_\n(upon the strand, of the slain nixies), 566; h\u00e4fde be honda, _held by the\nhand_ (Be\u00f3wulf held Grendel), 815; be s\u00e6m tweonum, _in the circuit of both\nthe seas_, 859, 1686; be m\u00e4ste, _on the mast_, 1906; by f\u00fdre, _by the\nfire_, 2220; be n\u00e4sse, _at the promontory_, 2244; s\u00e4t be \u00fe\u00e6m gebr\u00f4\u00f0rum\ntw\u00e6m, _sat by the two brothers_, 1192; w\u00e4s se gryre l\u00e4ssa efne sw\u00e2 micle\nsw\u00e2 bi\u00f0 m\u00e4g\u00f0a cr\u00e4ft be w\u00e6pnedmen, _the terror was just so much less, as is\nthe strength of woman to the warrior_ (i.e. is valued by), 1285, etc.--2)\nalso local, but of motion from the subject in the direction of the object,\n_on, upon, by_: gef\u00eang be eaxle, _seized by the shoulder_, 1538; \u00e2l\u00eadon\nle\u00f3fne \u00fee\u00f3den be m\u00e4ste, _laid the dear lord near the mast_, 36; be healse\ngenam, _took him by the neck, fell upon his neck_, 1873; w\u00e6pen hafenade be\nhiltum, _grasped the weapon by the hilt_, 1757, etc.--3) with this is\nconnected the causal force, _on account of, for, according to_: ic \u00feis gid\nbe \u00fee \u00e2wr\u00e4c, _I spake this solemn speech for thee, for thy sake_, 1724; \u00fe\u00fb\n\u00fee l\u00e6r be \u00feon, _learn according to this, from this_, 1723; be f\u00e4der l\u00e2re,\n_according to her father's direction_, 1951.--4) temporal, _while, during_:\nbe \u00fee lifigendum, _while thou livest, during thy life_, 2666. See b\u00ee.\n\nbed, st. n., _bed, couch_: acc. sg. bed, 140, 677; gen. sg. beddes, 1792;\ndat. pl. beddum, 1241.--Comp: dea\u00f0-, hlin-, l\u00e4ger-, mor\u00f0or-, w\u00e4l-bed.\n\nge-bedde, w. f., _bed-fellow_: dat. sg. wolde s\u00eacan ew\u00ean t\u00f4 gebeddan,\n_wished to seek the queen as bed-fellow, to go to bed with her_,\n666.--Comp. heals-gebedde.\n\nbegen, fem. b\u00e2, _both_: nom. m., 536, 770, 2708; acc. fem. on b\u00e2 healfa,\n_on two sides_ (i.e. Grendel and his mother), 1306; dat. m. b\u00e2m, 2197; and\nin connection with the possessive instead of the personal pronoun, \u00fbrum\nb\u00e2m, 2661; gen. n. bega, 1874, 2896; bega gehw\u00e4\u00f0res, _each one of the two_,\n1044; bega folces, of _both peoples_, 1125.\n\nge-belgan, st. v. (properly, _to cause to swell, to swell_), _to irritate_:\nw. dat. (pret. subj.) \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00eacean dryhtne bitre gebulge, _that he had\nbitterly angered the eternal Lord_, 2332; pret. part. gebolgen, 1540;\n(gebolge, MS.), 2222; pl. gebolgne, 1432; more according to the original\nmeaning in torne gebolgen, 2402.\n\n\u00e2-belgan, _to anger_: pret. sg. w. acc. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hyne \u00e2n \u00e2bealh mon on m\u00f4de,\n_till a man angered him in his heart_, 2281; pret. part. \u00e2bolgen, 724.\n\nben, st. f., _wound_: acc. sg. benne, 2725.--Comp.: feorh-, seax-ben.\n\nbenc, st. f., _bench_: nom. sg. benc, 492; dat. sg. bence, 327, 1014, 1189,\n1244.--Comp.: ealu-, medu-benc.\n\nbenc-sw\u00eag, st. m., (_bench-rejoicing_), _rejoicing which resounds from the\nbenches_, 1162.\n\nbenc-\u00feel, st. n., _bench-board, the wainscotted space where the benches\nstand_: nom. pl. benc-\u00feelu, 486; acc. pl. benc\u00feelu beredon, _cleared the\nbench-boards_ (i.e. by taking away the benches, so as to prepare couches),\n1240.\n\nbend, st. m. f., _bond, fetter_: acc. sg. forstes bend, _frost's bond_,\n1610; dat. pl. bendum, 978.--Comp.: f\u00fdr-, hell-, hyge-, \u00eeren-, oncer-,\nsearo-, w\u00e4l-bend.\n\nben-geat, st. n., (_wound-gate_), _wound-opening_: nom. pl. ben-geato,\n1122.\n\nbera (O.N. beri), w. m., _bearer_: in comp. hleor-bera.\n\nberan, st. v. w. acc., _to carry_; III. sg. pres. byre\u00f0, 296, 448; \u00feone\nm\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um byre\u00f0, _carries the treasure_ (upon his person), 2056; pres. subj.\nbere, 437; pl. beren, 2654; inf. beran, 48, 231, 291, etc.; h\u00eaht \u00fe\u00e2 se\nhearda Hrunting beran, _to bring Hrunting_, 1808; up beran, 1921; in beran,\n2153; pret. b\u00e4r, 495, 712, 847, etc.; mandryhtne b\u00e4r f\u00e4ted w\u00e6ge, _brought\nthe lord the costly vessel_, 2282; pl. b\u00e6ron, 213, 1636, etc.; b\u00e6ran, 2851;\npret. part. boren, 1193, 1648, 3136.--The following expressions are poetic\nparaphrases of the forms _go, come_: \u00fe\u00e4t we rondas beren eft t\u00f4 earde,\n2654; gew\u00eeta\u00f0 for\u00f0 beran w\u00e6pen and gew\u00e6du, 291; ic gefr\u00e4gn sunu Wihst\u00e2nes\nhringnet beran, 2755; w\u00eegheafolan b\u00e4r, 2662; helmas b\u00e6ron, 240\n(conjecture); scyldas b\u00e6ran, 2851: they lay stress upon the connection of\nthe man with his weapons.\n\n\u00e4t-beran, _to carry to_: inf. t\u00f4 beadul\u00e2ce (_battle_) \u00e4tberan, 1562; pret.\n\u00fe\u00e2 hine on morgent\u00eed on Hea\u00f0or\u00e6mas holm up \u00e4tb\u00e4r, _the sea bore him up to\nthe Hea\u00f0or\u00e6mas_, 519; hi\u00f3 Be\u00f3wulfe medoful \u00e4tb\u00e4r _brought Be\u00f3wulf the\nmead-cup_, 625; m\u00e4genbyr\u00f0enne ... hider \u00fbt \u00e4tb\u00e4r cyninge m\u00eenum, _bore the\ngreat burden hither to my king_, 3093; pl. h\u00ee hyne \u00e4tb\u00e6ron t\u00f4 brimes\nfaro\u00f0e, 28.\n\nfor-beran, _to hold, to suppress_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feone bre\u00f3stwylm forberan ne\nmehte, _that he could not suppress the emotions of his breast_, 1878.\n\nge-beran, _to bring forth, to bear_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e4t l\u00e2 m\u00e4g secgan se \u00fee\ns\u00f4\u00f0 and riht freme\u00f0 on folce ... \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fees eorl w\u00e6re geboren betera (_that\nmay every just man of the people say, that this nobleman is better born_),\n1704.\n\n\u00f4\u00f0-beran, _to bring hither_: pret. \u00fe\u00e2 mec s\u00e6 \u00f4\u00f0b\u00e4r on Finna land, 579.\n\non-beran (O.H.G. in b\u00ebran, intp\u00ebran, but in the sense of carere), auferre,\n_to carry off, to take away_: inf. \u00eeren \u00e6rg\u00f4d \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4s ahl\u00e6can bl\u00f4dge\nbeadufolme onberan wolde, _excellent sword which would sweep off the bloody\nhand of the demon_, 991; pret. part. (w\u00e4s) onboren be\u00e1ga hord, _the\ntreasure of the rings had been carried off_, 2285.--Compounds with the\npres. part.: helm-, s\u00e2wl-berend.\n\nberian (denominative from b\u00e4r, _naked_), w. v., _to make bare, to clear_:\npret. pl. benc\u00feelu beredon, _cleared the bench-place_ (by removing the\nbenches), 1240.\n\nberstan, st. v., _to break, to burst_: pret. pl. burston b\u00e2nlocan, 819;\nbengeato burston, 1122.--_to crack, to make the noise of breaking_: fingras\nburston, _the fingers cracked_ (from Be\u00f3wulf's gripe), 761.\n\nfor-berstan, _break, to fly asunder_: pret. N\u00e4gling forb\u00e4rst, _N\u00e4gling_\n(Be\u00f3wulf's sword) _broke in two_, 2681.\n\nbetera, adj. (comp.), _better_: nom. sg. m. betera, 469, 1704.\n\nbet-l\u00eec, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. n., of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's hall, 781;\nof Hygel\u00e2c's residence, 1926.\n\nbetst, betost (superl.), _best, the best_: nom. sg. m. betst beadurinca,\n1110; neut. nu is \u00f4fost betost, \u00fe\u00e4t we ..., _now is haste the best, that\nwe..._, 3008; voc. m. secg betsta, 948; neut. acc. beaduscr\u00fbda betst, 453;\nacc. sg. m. \u00feegn betstan, 1872.\n\nb\u00eacn, st. n., _(beacon), token, mark, sign_: acc. sg. betimbredon\nbeadu-r\u00f4fes b\u00eacn (of Be\u00f3wulf's grave-mound), 3162. See beacen.\n\nb\u00eag. See be\u00e1g.\n\nb\u00ean, st. f., _entreaty_: gen. sg. b\u00eane, 428, 2285.\n\nb\u00eana, w. m., _suppliant_, supplex: nom. sg. sw\u00e2 \u00feu b\u00eana eart (_as thou\nentreatest_), 352; sw\u00e2 he b\u00eana w\u00e4s (_as he had asked_), 3141; nom. pl. hy\nb\u00eanan synt, 364.\n\nge-betan: 1) _to make good, to remove_: pret. ac \u00feu Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re w\u00eedc\u00fb\u00f0ne we\u00e1n\nwihte geb\u00eattest, _hast thou in any way relieved Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r of the evil known\nafar_, 1992; pret. part. acc. sg. swylce onc\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e ealle geb\u00eatte, _removed\nall trouble_, 831. --2) _to avenge_: inf. wihte ne meahte on \u00feam feorhbonan\nf\u00e6h\u00f0e geb\u00eatan, _could in no way avenge the death upon the slayer_, 2466.\n\nbeadu, st. f., _battle, strife, combat_: dat. sg. (as instr.) beadwe, _in\ncombat_, 1540; gen. pl. b\u00e2d beadwa ge-\u00feinges, _waited for the combats_\n(with Grendel) _that were in store for him_, 710.\n\nbeadu-folm, st. f., _battle-hand_: acc. sg. -folme, of Grendel's hand, 991.\n\nbeado-gr\u00eema, w. m., _(battle-mask), helmet_: acc. pl. -gr\u00eeman, 2258.\n\nbeado-hr\u00e4gl, st. n., _(battle-garment), corselet, shirt of mail_, 552.\n\nbeadu-l\u00e2c, st. n., (_exercise in arms, tilting_), _combat, battle_: dat.\nsg. t\u00f4 beadu-l\u00e2ce, 1562.\n\nbeado-le\u00f3ma, w. m., (_battle-light_), _sword_: nom. sg., 1524.\n\nbeado-m\u00eace, st. m., _battle-sword_: nom. pl. beado-m\u00eacas, 1455.\n\nbeado-rinc, st. m., _battle-hero, warrior_: gen. pl. betst beadorinca,\n1110.\n\nbeadu-r\u00f4f, adj., _strong in battle_: gen. sg. -r\u00f4fes, of Be\u00f3wulf, 3162.\n\nbeadu-r\u00fbn, st. f., _mystery of battle_: acc. sg. onband beadu-r\u00fbne, _solved\nthe mystery of the combat_, i.e. gave battle, commenced the fight, 501.\n\nbeadu-scearp, adj., _battle-sharp, sharp for the battle_, 2705.\n\nbeadu-scr\u00fbd, st. n., (_battle-dress_), _corselet, shirt of mail_: gen. pl.\nbeaduscr\u00fbda betst, 453.\n\nbeadu-serce, w. f., (_battle-garment_), _corselet, shirt of mail_: acc. sg.\nbrogdne beadu-sercean (because it consists of interlaced metal rings),\n2756.\n\nbeado-weorc, st. n., (_battle-work_), _battle_: gen. sg. gefeh\nbeado-weorces, _rejoiced at the battle_, 2300.\n\nbeald, adj., _bold, brave_: in comp. cyning-beald.\n\nbealdian, w. v., _to show one's self brave_: pret. bealdode g\u00f4dum d\u00e6dum\n(_through brave deeds_), 2178.\n\nbealdor, st. m., _lord, prince_: nom. sg. sinca baldor, 2429; winia\nbealdor, 2568.\n\nbealu, st. n., _evil, ruin, destruction_: instr. sg. bealwe, 2827; gen. pl.\nbealuwa, 281; bealewa, 2083; bealwa, 910.--Comp.: cwealm-, ealdor-,\nhre\u00f0er-, le\u00f3d-, mor\u00f0or-, niht-, sweord-, w\u00eeg-bealu.\n\nbealu, adj., _deadly, dangerous, bad_: instr. sg. hyne s\u00e2r hafa\u00f0 befongen\nbalwon bendum, _pain has entwined him in deadly bands_, 978.\n\nbealo-cwealm, st. m., _violent death, death by the sword_(?), 2266.\n\nbealo-hycgende, pres. part., _thinking of death, meditating destruction_:\ngen. pl. \u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0rum bealo-hycgendra, 2566.\n\nbealo-hydig, adj., _thinking of death, meditating destruction_: of Grendel,\n724.\n\nbealo-n\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., (_zeal for destruction_), _deadly enmity_: nom. sg.,\n2405; _destructive struggle_: acc. sg. bebeorh \u00fee \u00feone bealon\u00ee\u00f0, _beware of\ndestructive striving_, 1759; _death-bringing rage_: nom. sg. him on\nbre\u00f3stum bealo-n\u00ee\u00f0 we\u00f3ll, _in his breast raged deadly fury_ (of the\ndragon's poison), 2715.\n\nbearhtm (see beorht): 1) st. m., _splendor, brightness, clearness_: nom.\nsg. e\u00e1gena bearhtm, 1767.--2) _sound, tone_: acc. sg. bearhtm onge\u00e2ton,\ng\u00fb\u00f0horn galan, _they heard the sound, (heard) the battle-horn sound_, 1432.\n\nbearm, m., gremium, sinus, _lap, bosom_: nom. sg. foldan bearm, 1138; acc.\nsg. on bearm scipes, 35, 897; on bearm nacan, 214; him on bearm hladan\nbunan and discas, 2776.--2) figuratively, _possession, property_, because\nthings bestowed were placed in the lap of the receiver (1145 and 2195, on\nbearm licgan, \u00e2lecgan); dat. sg. him t\u00f4 bearme cwom m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0umf\u00e4t m\u00e6re, _came\ninto his possession_, 2405.\n\nbearn, st. n., 1) _child, son_: nom. sg. bearn Healfdenes, 469, etc.;\nEcgl\u00e2fes bearn, 499, etc.; dat. sg. bearne, 2371; nom. pl. bearn, 59; dat.\npl. bearnum, 1075.--2) in a broader sense, _scion, offspring, descendant_:\nnom. sg. Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w's bearn, of his grandson, 2388; nom. pl. yldo. bearn,\n70; gumena bearn, _children of men_, 879; h\u00e4le\u00f0a bearn, 1190; \u00e4\u00f0elinga\nbearn, 3172; acc. pl. ofer ylda bearn, 606; dat. pl. ylda bearnum, 150;\ngen. pl. ni\u00f0\u00f0a bearna, 1006.--Comp.: br\u00f4\u00f0or-, dryht-bearn.\n\nbearn-gebyrdu, f., _birth, birth of a son_: gen. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t hyre ealdmetod\n\u00easte w\u00e6re bearn-gebyrdo, _has been gracious through the birth of such a\nson_ (i.e. as Be\u00f3wulf), 947.\n\nbearu, st. m., (_the bearer_, hence properly only the fruit-tree,\nespecially the oak and the beech), _tree_, collectively _forest_: nom. pl.\nhr\u00eemge bearwas, _rime-covered_ or _ice-clad_, 1364.\n\nbe\u00e1cen, st. n., _sign, banner_, vexillum: nom. sg. beorht be\u00e1cen godes, _of\nthe sun_, 570; gen. pl. be\u00e1cna beorhtost, 2778. See b\u00eacn.\n\nge-be\u00e1cnian, w. v., _to mark, to indicate_: pret. part. ge-be\u00e1cnod, 140.\n\nbe\u00e1g, st. m., _ring, ornament_: nom. sg. be\u00e1h (_neck-ring_), 1212; acc. sg.\nbe\u00e1h (the collar of the murdered king of the Hea\u00f0obeardnas), 2042; b\u00eag\n(collective for the acc. pl.), 3165; dat. sg. cwom Wealh\u00fee\u00f3 for\u00f0 g\u00e2n under\ngyldnum be\u00e1ge, _she walked along under a golden head-ring, wore a golden\ndiadem_, 1164; gen. sg. be\u00e1ges (of a collar), 1217; acc. pl. be\u00e1gas (rings\nin general), 80, 523, etc.; gen. pl. be\u00e1ga, 35, 352, 1488, 2285, etc.--\nComp.: earm-, heals-be\u00e1g.\n\nbe\u00e1g-gyfa, w. m., _ring-giver_, designation of the prince: gen. sg. -gyfan,\n1103.\n\nbe\u00e1g-hroden, adj., _adorned with rings, ornamented with clasps_: nom. sg.\nbe\u00e1ghroden, cw\u00ean, of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's consort, perhaps with reference to her\ndiadem (cf. 1164), 624.\n\nbe\u00e1h-hord, st. m. n., _ring-hoard, treasure consisting of rings_: gen. sg.\nbe\u00e1h-hordes, 895; dat. pl. be\u00e1h-hordum, 2827; gen. pl. be\u00e1h-horda weard, of\nKing Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 922.\n\nbe\u00e1h-sele, st. m., _ring-hall, hall in which the rings were distributed_:\nnom. sg., of Heorot, 1178.\n\nbe\u00e1h-\u00feegu, st. f., _the receiving of the ring_: dat. sg. \u00e4fter be\u00e1h-\u00feege,\n2177.\n\nbe\u00e1h-wri\u00f0a, w. m. _ring-band_, ring with prominence given to its having the\nform of a band: acc. sg. be\u00e1h-wri\u00f0an, 2019.\n\nbe\u00e1m, st. m., _tree_, only in the compounds fyrgen-, gle\u00f3-be\u00e1m.\n\nbe\u00e1tan, st. v., _thrust, strike_: pres. sg. mearh burhstede be\u00e1te\u00f0, _the\nsteed beats the castle-ground_ (place where the castle is built), i.e. with\nhis hoofs, 2266; pret. part. swealt bille ge-be\u00e1ten, _died, struck by the\nbattle-axe_, 2360.\n\nbeorh, st. m.: 1) _mountain, rock_: dat. sg. beorge, 211; gen. sg. beorges,\n2525, 2756; acc. pl. beorgas, 222.--2) _grave-mound, tomb-hill_: acc. sg.\nbiorh, 2808; beorh, 3098, 3165. A grave-mound serves the drake as a retreat\n(cf. 2277, 2412): nom. sg. beorh, 2242; gen. sg. beorges, 2323.--Comp.\nst\u00e2n-beorh.\n\nbeorh, st. f., _veil, covering, cap_; only in the comp. he\u00e1fod-beorh.\n\nbeorgan, st. v. (w. dat. of the interested person or thing), _to save, to\nshield_: inf. wolde feore beorgan, _place her life in safety_, 1294;\nhere-byrne ... se\u00f3 \u00fee b\u00e2nc\u00f4fan beorgan c\u00fb\u00f0e, _which could protect his\nbody_, 1446; pret. pl. ealdre burgan, 2600.\n\nbe-beorgan (w. dat. refl. of pers. and acc. of the thing), _to take care,\nto defend one's self from_: inf. him be-beorgan ne con wom, _cannot keep\nhimself from stain_ (fault), 1747; imp. bebeorh \u00fee \u00feone bealont\u00f0, 1759.\n\nge-beorgan (w, dat. of person or thing to be saved), _to save, to protect_:\npret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t gebearh feore, _protected the life_, 1549; scyld wel gebearg\nl\u00eefe and l\u00eece, 2571.\n\nymb-beorgan, _to surround protectingly_: pret. sg. bring \u00fbtan ymb-bearh,\n1504.\n\nbeorht, byrht, adj.: 1) _gleaming, shining, radiant, shimmering_: nom. sg.\nbeorht, of the sun, 570, 1803; beorhta, of Heorot, 1178; \u00fe\u00e4t beorhte bold,\n998; acc. sg. beorhtne, of Be\u00f3wulf's grave-mound, 2804; dat. sg. t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6re\nbyrhtan (here-byrhtan, MS.) byrig, 1200; acc. pl. beorhte fr\u00e4twe, 214, 897;\nbeorhte randas, 231; bordwudu beorhtan, 1244; n. beorht hofu, 2314.\nSuperl.: be\u00e1cna beorhtost, 2778. --2) _excellent, remarkable_: gen. sg.\nbeorhtre b\u00f4te, 158. --Comp.: sadol-, wlite-beorht.\n\nbeorhte, adv., _brilliantly, brightly, radiantly_, 1518.\n\nbeorhtian, w. v., _to sound clearly_: pret. sg. beorhtode benc-sw\u00eag, 1162.\n\nbeorn, st. m., _hero, warrior, noble man_: nom. sg. (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 1881,\n(Be\u00f3wulf), 2434, etc.; acc. sg. (Be\u00f3w.), 1025, (\u00c4schere), 1300; dat. sg.\nbeorne, 2261; nom. pl. beornas (Be\u00f3wulf and his companions), 211,\n(Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's guests), 857; gen. pl. biorna (Be\u00f3wulf's liege-men),\n2405.--Comp.: folc-, g\u00fb\u00f0-beorn.\n\nbeornan, st. v., _to burn_: pres. part. byrnende (of the drake),\n2273.--Comp. un-byrnende.\n\nfor-beornan, _to be consumed, to burn_: pret. sg. for-barn, 1617, 1668;\nfor-born, 2673.\n\nge-beornan, _to be burned_: pret. gebarn, 2698.\n\nbeorn-cyning, st. m., _king of warriors, king of heroes_: nom. sg. (as\nvoc.), 2149.\n\nbe\u00f3dan, st. v.: 1) _to announce, to inform, to make known_: inf. bi\u00f3dan,\n2893.--2) _to offer, to proffer_ (as the notifying of a transaction in\ndirect reference to the person concerned in it): pret. pl. him ge\u00feingo\nbudon, _offered them an agreement_, 1086; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s \u00e6ht boden\nSweona le\u00f3dum, _then was pursuit offered the Swedish people_, 2958; inf. ic\n\u00fe\u00e4m g\u00f4dan sceal m\u00e2\u00f0mas be\u00f3dan, _I shall offer the excellent man treasures_,\n385.\n\n\u00e2-be\u00f3dan, _to present, to announce_: pret. word inne \u00e2be\u00e1d, _made known the\nwords within_, 390; _to offer, to tender, to wish_: pret. him h\u00e6l \u00e2be\u00e1d,\n_wished him health_ (greeted him), 654. Similarly, h\u00e6lo \u00e2be\u00e1d, 2419; eoton\nweard \u00e2be\u00e1d, _offered the giant a watcher_, 669.\n\nbe-be\u00f3dan, _to command, to order_: pret. sw\u00e2 him se hearda bebe\u00e1d, _as the\nstrong man commanded them_, 401. Similarly, sw\u00e2 se r\u00eeca bebe\u00e1d, 1976.\n\nge-be\u00f3dan: 1) _to command, to order_: inf. h\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 gebe\u00f3dan byre Wihst\u00e2nes\nh\u00e4le\u00f0a monegum, \u00fe\u00e4t hie..., _the son of Wihstan caused orders to be given\nto many of the men..._, 3111.--2) _to offer_: him Hygd gebe\u00e1d hord and\nr\u00eece, _offered him the treasure and the chief power_, 2370; inf. g\u00fb\u00f0e\ngebe\u00f3dan, _to offer battle_, 604.\n\nbe\u00f3d-gene\u00e1t, st. m., _table-companion_: nom. and acc. pl. gene\u00e1tas, 343,\n1714.\n\nbe\u00f3n, verb, _to be_, generally in the future sense, _will be_: pres. sg. I.\ng\u00fb\u00f0geweorca ic be\u00f3 gearo s\u00f4na, _I shall immediately be ready for warlike\ndeeds_, 1826; sg. III. w\u00e2 bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee sceal..., _woe to him who_...! 183;\nso, 186; gife\u00f0e bi\u00f0 is given, 299; ne bi\u00f0 \u00fee wilna g\u00e2d (_no wish will be\ndenied thee_), 661; \u00fe\u00e6r \u00fee bi\u00f0 manna \u00feearf, _if thou shalt need the\nwarriors_, 1836; ne bi\u00f0 swylc cw\u00eanl\u00eec \u00fee\u00e1w, _is not becoming, honorable to\na woman_, 1941; eft s\u00f4na bi\u00f0 _will happen directly_, 1763; similarly, 1768,\netc.; pl. \u00feonne bi\u00f3\u00f0 brocene, _then are broken_, 2064; feor c\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e be\u00f3\u00f0\ns\u00ealran ges\u00f4hte \u00feam \u00fee..., \"terrae longinquae meliores sunt visitatu ei\nqui...\" (Grein), 1839; imp. be\u00f3 (bi\u00f3) \u00feu on \u00f4feste, _hasten!_ 386, 2748;\nbe\u00f3 wi\u00f0 Ge\u00e1tas gl\u00e4d, _be gracious to the Ge\u00e1tas_, 1174.\n\nbe\u00f3r, st. n., _beer_: dat. sg. \u00e4t be\u00f3re, _at beer-drinking_, 2042; instr.\nsg. be\u00f3re druncen, 531; be\u00f3re druncne, 480.\n\nbe\u00f3r-scealc, st. m., _keeper of the beer, cup-bearer_: gen. pl.\nbe\u00f3r-scealca sum (one of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's followers, because they served the\nGe\u00e1tas at meals), 1241.\n\nbe\u00f3r-sele, st. m., _beer-hall, hall in which beer is drunk_: dat. sg. in\n(on) be\u00f3rsele, 482, 492, 1095; bi\u00f3rsele, 2636.\n\nbe\u00f3r-\u00feegu, st. f., _beer-drinking, beer-banquet_: dat. sg. \u00e4fter be\u00f3r\u00feege,\n117; \u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6re be\u00f3r\u00feege, 618.\n\nbe\u00f3t, st. n., _promise, binding agreement to something that is to be\nundertaken_: acc. sg. he be\u00f3t ne \u00e2l\u00eah, _did not break his pledge_, 80; be\u00f3t\neal ... gel\u00e6ste, _performed all that he had pledged himself to_, 523.\n\nge-be\u00f3tian, w. v., _to pledge one's self to an undertaking, to bind one's\nself_: pret. gebe\u00f3tedon, 480, 536.\n\nbe\u00f3t-word, st. n., same as be\u00f3t: dat. pl. be\u00f3t-wordum spr\u00e4c, 2511.\n\nbiddan, st. v., _to beg, to ask, to pray_: pres. sg. I. d\u00f4\u00f0 sw\u00e2 ic bidde!\n1232; inf. (w. acc. of the pers. and gen. of the thing asked for) ic \u00fee\nbiddan wille \u00e2nre b\u00eane, _beg thee for one_, 427; pret. sw\u00e2 he selfa b\u00e4d,\n_as he himself had requested_, 29; b\u00e4d hine bl\u00ee\u00f0ne (supply wesan) \u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6re\nbe\u00f3r\u00feege, _begged him to be cheerful at the beer-banquet_, 618; ic \u00fee lange\nb\u00e4d \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu..., _begged you a long time that you_, 1995; frio\u00f0ow\u00e6re b\u00e4d\nhl\u00e2ford s\u00eenne, _begged his lord for protection_ (acc. of pers. and gen. of\nthing), 2283; b\u00e4d \u00fe\u00e4t ge geworhton, _asked that you_..., 3097; pl. wordum\nb\u00e6don \u00fe\u00e4t..., 176.\n\non-bidian, w. v., _to await_: inf. l\u00e6ta\u00f0 hilde-bord her onbidian ... worda\nge\u00feinges, _let the shields await here the result of the conference_ (lay\nthe shields aside here), 397.\n\nbil, st. n. _sword_: nom. sg. bil, 1568; bill, 2778; acc. sg. bil, 1558;\ninstr. sg. bille, 2360; gen. sg. billes, 2061, etc.; instr. pl. billum, 40;\ngen. pl. billa, 583, 1145.--Comp.: g\u00fb\u00f0-, hilde-, w\u00eeg-bil.\n\nbindan, st. v., _to bind, to tie_: pret. part. acc. sg. wudu bundenne, _the\nbound wood_, i.e. the built ship, 216; bunden golde swurd, _a sword bound\nwith gold_, i.e. either having its hilt inlaid with gold, or having gold\nchains upon the hilt (swords of both kinds have been found), 1901; nom. sg.\nheoru bunden, 1286, has probably a similar meaning.\n\nge-bindan, _to bind_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r ic f\u00eefe geband, _where I had bound\nfive_(?), 420; pret. part. cyninges \u00feegn word \u00f4\u00f0er fand s\u00f4\u00f0e gebunden, _the\nking's man found_ (after many had already praised Be\u00f3wulf's deed) _other\nwords_ (also referring to Be\u00f3wulf, but in connection with Sigemund)\n_rightly bound together_, i.e. in good alliterative verses, as are becoming\nto a gid, 872; wundenm\u00e6l wr\u00e4ttum gebunden, _sword bound with ornaments_,\ni.e. inlaid, 1532; bisgum gebunden, _bound together by sorrow_, 1744; gomel\ng\u00fb\u00f0w\u00eega eldo gebunden, _hoary hero bound by old age_ (fettered, oppressed),\n2112.\n\non-bindan, _to unbind, to untie, to loose_: pret. onband, 501.\n\nge-bind, st. n. coll., _that which binds, fetters_: in comp. \u00ees-gebind.\n\nbite, st. m., _bite_, figuratively of the cut of the sword: acc. sg. bite\n\u00eerena, _the swords' bite_, 2260; dat. sg. \u00e4fter billes bite, 2061.--Comp.\nl\u00e2\u00f0-bite.\n\nbiter (primary meaning that of biting), adj.: 1) _sharp, cutting, cutting\nin_: acc. sg. biter (of a short sword), 2705; instr. sg. biteran str\u00e6le,\n1747; instr. pl. biteran b\u00e2num, _with sharp teeth_, 2693.--2) _irritated,\nfurious_: nom. pl. bitere, 1432.\n\nbitre, adv., _bitterly_ (in a moral sense), 2332.\n\nb\u00ee, big (fuller form of the prep. be, which see), prep. w. dat.: 1) _near,\nat, on, about, by_ (as under be, No. 1): b\u00ee s\u00e6m twe\u00f3num, _in the circuit of\nboth seas_, 1957; \u00e2r\u00e2s b\u00ee ronde, _raised himself up by the shield_, 2539;\nb\u00ee wealle ges\u00e4t, _sat by the wall_, 2718. With a freer position: him big\nst\u00f4dan bunan and orcas, _round about him_, 3048.--2) _to, towards_\n(motion): hwearf \u00fe\u00e2 b\u00ee bence, _turned then towards the bench_, 1189; ge\u00f3ng\nb\u00ee sesse, _went to the seat_, 2757.\n\nb\u00eed (see b\u00eedan), st. n., _tarrying hesitation_: \u00fe\u00e6r wear\u00f0 Ongen\u00fei\u00f3 on b\u00eed\nwrecen, _forced to tarry_, 2963.\n\nb\u00eedan, st. v.: 1) _to delay, to stay, to remain, to wait_: inf. n\u00f4 on\nwealle leng b\u00eedan wolde, _would not stay longer within the wall_ (the\ndrake), 2309; pret. in \u00fe\u00fdstrum b\u00e2d, _remained in darkness_, 87; flota\nstille b\u00e2d, _the craft lay still_, 301; receda ... on \u00fe\u00e4m se r\u00eeca b\u00e2d,\n_where the mighty one dwelt_, 310; \u00fe\u00e6r se snottra b\u00e2d, _where the wise man_\n(Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r) _waited_, 1314; he on searwum b\u00e2d, _he_ (Be\u00f3wulf) _stood there\narmed_, 2569; ic on earde b\u00e2d m\u00e6lgesceafta, _lived upon the paternal ground\nthe time appointed me by fate_, 2737; pret. pl. sume \u00fe\u00e6r bidon, _some\nremained, waited there_, 400.--2) _to await, to wait for_, with the gen. of\nthat which is awaited: inf. b\u00eedan woldon Grendles g\u00fb\u00f0e, _wished to await\nthe combat with Grendel, to undertake it_, 482; similarly, 528; w\u00eeges\nb\u00eedan, _await the combat_, 1269; nalas andsware b\u00eedan wolde, _would await\nno answer_, 1495; pret. b\u00e2d beadwa ge\u00feinges, _awaited the event of the\nbattle_, 710; s\u00e6genga b\u00e2d \u00e2gend-fre\u00e1n, _the sea-goer_ (boat) _awaited its\nowner_, 1883; sele ... hea\u00f0owylma b\u00e2d, l\u00e2\u00f0an l\u00eeges (the poet probably means\nto indicate by these words that the hall Heorot was destroyed later in a\nfight by fire; an occurrence, indeed, about which we know nothing, but\nwhich 1165 and 1166, and again 2068 ff. seem to indicate), 82.\n\n\u00e2-b\u00eedan, _to await_, with the gen.: inf., 978.\n\nge-b\u00eedan: 1) _to tarry, to wait_: imp. geb\u00eede ge on beorge, _wait ye on the\nmountain_, 2530; pret. part. \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee wintra lyt under burhlocan gebiden\nh\u00e4bbe H\u00e4re\u00f0es d\u00f4htor _although H's daughter had dwelt only a few years in\nthe castle_, 1929.--2) _to live through, to experience, to expect_ (w.\nacc.): inf. sceal ended\u00e4g m\u00eenne geb\u00eedan, _shall live my last day_, 639; ne\nw\u00eande ... b\u00f4te geb\u00eedan, _did not hope ... to live to see reparation_, 935;\nfela sceal geb\u00eedan le\u00f3fes and l\u00e2\u00f0es, _experience much good and much\naffliction_, 1061; ende geb\u00eedan, 1387, 2343; pret. he \u00fe\u00e4s fr\u00f4fre geb\u00e2d,\n_received consolation_ (compensation) _therefore_, 7; geb\u00e2d wintra worn,\n_lived a great number of years_, 264; in a similar construction, 816, 930,\n1619, 2259, 3117. With gen.: inf. t\u00f4 geb\u00eedanne \u00f4\u00f0res yrfeweardes, _to await\nanother heir_, 2453. With depend, clause: inf. t\u00f4 geb\u00eedanne \u00fe\u00e4t his byre\nr\u00eede on galgan, _to live to see it, that his son hang upon the gallows_,\n2446; pret. dre\u00e1m-le\u00e1s geb\u00e2d \u00fe\u00e4t he..., _joyless he experienced it, that\nhe_..., 1721; \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee ic on aldre geb\u00e2d \u00fe\u00e4t ic..., _for this, that I, in my\nold age, lived to see that_..., 1780.\n\non-b\u00eedan, _to wait, to await_: pret. hordweard onb\u00e2d earfo\u00f0l\u00eece \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00e6fen\ncwom, _scarcely waited, could scarcely delay till it was evening_, 2303.\n\nb\u00eetan, st. v., _to bite_, of the cutting of swords: inf. b\u00eetan, 1455, 1524;\npret. b\u00e2t b\u00e2nlocan, _bit into his body_ (Grendel), 743; b\u00e2t unsw\u00ee\u00f0or, _cut\nwith less force_ (Be\u00f3wulf's sword), 2579.\n\nblanca, w. m., properly _that which shines_ here of the horse, not so much\nof the white horse as the dappled: dat. pl. on blancum, 857.\n\nge-bland, ge-blond, st. n., _mixture, heaving mass, a turning_.--Comp.:\nsund-, \u00fd\u00f0-geblond, windblond.\n\nblanden-feax, blonden-feax, adj., _mixed_, i.e. having gray hair,\n_gray-headed_, as epithet of an old man: nom. sg. blondenfeax, 1792;\nblondenfexa, 2963; dat. sg. blondenfeaxum, 1874; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe,\n1595.\n\nbl\u00e4c, adj., _dark, black_: nom. sg, hrefn blaca, 1802.\n\nbl\u00e2c, adj.: 1) _gleaming, shining_: acc. sg. bl\u00e2cne le\u00f3man, _a brilliant\ngleam_, 1518.--2) of the white death-color, _pale_; in comp. heorobl\u00e2c.\n\nbl\u00e6d, st. m.: 1) _strength, force, vigor_: nom. sg. w\u00e4s hira bl\u00e6d scacen\n(of both tribes), _strength was gone_, i.e. the bravest of both tribes lay\nslain, 1125; nu is \u00fe\u00eenes m\u00e4gnes bl\u00e6d \u00e2ne hw\u00eele, _now the fulness of thy\nstrength lasts for a time_, 1762.--2) _reputation, renown, knowledge_ (with\nstress upon the idea of filling up, spreading out): nom. sg. bl\u00e6d, 18;\n(\u00fe\u00een) bl\u00e6d is \u00e2r\u00e6red, _thy renown is spread abroad_, 1704.\n\nbl\u00e6d-\u00e2gend, pt., _having renown, renowned_: nom. pl. bl\u00e6d-\u00e2gende, 1014.\n\nbl\u00e6d-f\u00e4st, adj., _firm in renown, renowned, known afar_: acc. sg.\nbl\u00e6df\u00e4stne beorn (of \u00c4schere, with reference to 1329), 1300.\n\nble\u00e1t, adj., _miserable, helpless_; only in comp. w\u00e4l-ble\u00e1t.\n\nble\u00e1te, adv., _miserably, helplessly_, 2825.\n\nbl\u00eecan, st. v., _shine, gleam_: inf., 222\n\nbl\u00ee\u00f0e, adj.: 1) _blithe, joyous, happy_ acc. sg. bl\u00ee\u00f0ne, 618.--2)\n_gracious, pleasing_: nom. sg. bl\u00ee\u00f0e, 436.--Comp. un-bl\u00ee\u00f0e.\n\nbl\u00ee\u00f0-heort, adj., _joyous in heart, happy_: nom. sg., 1803.\n\nbl\u00f4d, st. n., _blood_: nom. sg., 1122; acc. sg., 743; dat. sg. bl\u00f4de, 848;\n\u00e4fter de\u00f3rum men him langa\u00f0 beorn wi\u00f0 bl\u00f4de, _the hero_ (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r) _longs\nfor the beloved man contrary to blood_, i.e. he loves him although he is\nnot related to him by blood, 1881; dat. as instr. bl\u00f4de, 486, 935, 1595,\netc.\n\nbl\u00f4d-f\u00e2g, adj., _spotted with blood, bloody_, 2061.\n\nbl\u00f4dig, adj., _bloody_: acc. sg. f. bl\u00f4dge, 991; acc. sg. n. bl\u00f4dig, 448;\ninstr. sg. bl\u00f4digan g\u00e2re, 2441.\n\nge-bl\u00f4dian, w. v., _to make bloody, to sprinkle with blood_: pret. part.\nge-bl\u00f4degod, 2693.\n\nbl\u00f4dig-t\u00f4\u00f0, adj., _with bloody teeth_: nom. sg. bona bl\u00f4dig-t\u00f4\u00f0 (of\nGrendel, because he bites his victims to death), 2083.\n\nbl\u00f4d-re\u00f3w, adj., _bloodthirsty, bloody-minded_: nom. sg. him on ferh\u00f0e\ngre\u00f3w bre\u00f3st-hord bl\u00f4d-re\u00f3w, _in his bosom there grew a bloodthirsty\nfeeling_, 1720.\n\nbe-bod, st. n., _command, order_; in comp. wundor-bebod.\n\nbodian, w. v., _(to be a messenger), to announce, to make known_: pret.\nhrefn blaca heofones wynne bl\u00ee\u00f0-heort bodode, _the black raven announced\njoyfully heaven's delight_ (the rising sun), 1803.\n\nboga, w. m., _bow_, of the bended form; here of the dragon, in comp.\nhring-boga; as an instrument for shooting, in the comp. fl\u00e2n-, horn-boga;\nbow of the arch, in comp. st\u00e2n-boga.\n\nbolca, w. m., \"forus navis\" (Grein), _gangway_; here probably the planks\nwhich at landing are laid from the ship to the shore: acc. sg. ofer bolcan,\n231.\n\nbold, st. n., _building, house, edifice_: nom. sg. (Heorot), 998;\n(Hygel\u00e2c's residence), 1926; (Be\u00f3wulfs residence), 2197, 2327.--Comp.\nfold-bold.\n\nbold-\u00e2gend, pt., _house-owner, property-holder_: gen. pl. monegum\nbold\u00e2gendra, 3113.\n\nbolgen-m\u00f4d, adj., _angry at heart, angry_, 710, 1714.\n\nbolster, st. m., _bolster, cushion, pillow_: dat. pl. (reced) geond-br\u00e6ded\nwear\u00f0 beddum and bolstrum, _was covered with beds and bolsters_,\n1241.--Comp. hle\u00f3r-bolster.\n\nbon-. See ban-.\n\nbora, w. m., _carrier, bringer, leader_: in the comp. mund-, r\u00e6d-,\nw\u00e6g-bora.\n\nbord, st. n., _shield_: nom. sg., 2674; acc. sg., 2525; gen. pl. ofer borda\ngebr\u00e4c, _over the crashing of the shields_, 2260.--Comp.: hilde-, w\u00eeg-bord.\n\nbord-h\u00e4bbend, pt., _one having a shield, shield-bearer_: nom. pl. h\u00e4bbende,\n2896.\n\nbord-hre\u00f3\u00f0a, w. m., _shield-cover, shield_ with particular reference to its\ncover (of hides or linden bark): dat. sg. -hre\u00f3\u00f0an, 2204.\n\nbord-rand, st. m., _shield_: acc. sg., 2560.\n\nbord-weall, st. m., _shield-wall, wall of shields_: acc. sg., 2981.\n\nbord-wudu, st. m., _shield-wood, shield_: acc. pl. beorhtan beord-wudu,\n1244.\n\nbotm, st. m., _bottom_: dat. sg. t\u00f4 botme (here of the bottom of the\nfen-lake), 1507.\n\nb\u00f4t (emendation, cf. b\u00eatan), st. f.: 1) _relief, remedy_: nom. sg., 281;\nacc. sg. b\u00f4te, 935; acc. sg. b\u00f4te, 910.--2) _a performance in expiation, a\ngiving satisfaction, tribute_: gen. sg. b\u00f4te, 158.\n\nbrand, brond, st. m.: 1) _burning, fire_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 sceal brond fretan\n(_the burning of the body_), 3015; instr. sg. by hine ne m\u00f4ston ... bronde\nforb\u00e4rnan (_could not bestow upon him the solemn burning_), 2127; h\u00e4fde\nlandwara l\u00eege befangen, b\u00e6le and bronde, _with glow, fire, and flame_,\n2323.--2) in the passage, \u00fe\u00e4t hine n\u00f4 brond ne beadom\u00eacas b\u00eetan ne meahton,\n1455, brond has been translated _sword, brand_ (after the O.N. brand-r).\nThe meaning _fire_ may be justified as well, if we consider that the old\nhelmets were generally made of leather, and only the principal parts were\nmounted with bronze. The poet wishes here to emphasize the fact that the\nhelmet was made entirely of metal, a thing which was very unusual.--3) in\nthe passage, forgeaf \u00fe\u00e2 Be\u00f3wulfe brand Healfdenes segen gyldenne, 1021, our\ntext, with other editions, has emendated, bearn, since brand, if it be\nintended as a designation of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r (perhaps _son_), has not up to this\ntime been found in this sense in A.-S.\n\nbrant, bront, adj., _raging, foaming, going-high_, of ships and of waves:\nacc. sg. brontne, 238, 568.\n\nbr\u00e2d, adj.: 1) _extended, wide_: nom. pl. br\u00e2de r\u00eece, 2208.--2) _broad_:\nnom. sg. he\u00e1h and br\u00e2d (of Be\u00f3wulf's grave-mound), 3159; acc. sg. br\u00e2dne\nm\u00eace, 2979; (seax) br\u00e2d [and] br\u00fbnecg, _the broad, short sword with bright\nedge_, 1547.--3) _massive, in abundance_. acc, sg. br\u00e2d gold, 3106.\n\nge-br\u00e4c, st. n., _noise, crash_: acc. sg. borda gebr\u00e4c, 2260.\n\ngeond-br\u00e6dan, w. v., _to spread over, to cover entirely_: pret. part.\ngeond-br\u00e6ded, 1240.\n\nbrecan, st. v.: 1) _to break, to break to pieces_: pret. b\u00e2nhringas br\u00e4c,\n(the sword) _broke the joints_, 1568. In a moral sense: pret. subj. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e6r\n\u00e6nig mon w\u00e6re ne br\u00e6ce, _that no one should break the agreement_, 1101;\npret. part. \u00feonne bi\u00f3\u00f0 brocene ... \u00e2\u00f0-sweord eorla, _then are the oaths of\nthe men broken_, 2064.--2) probably also simply _to break in upon\nsomething, to press upon_, w. acc.: pret. sg. s\u00e6de\u00f3r monig hildetuxum\nheresyrcan br\u00e4c, _many a sea-animal pressed with his battle-teeth upon the\nshirt of mail_ (did not break it, for, according to 1549 f., 1553 f., it\nwas still unharmed). 1512.--3) _to break out, to spring out_: inf. geseah\n... stre\u00e1m \u00fbt brecan of beorge, _saw a stream break out from the rocks_,\n2547; l\u00eat se hearda Higel\u00e2ces \u00feegn br\u00e2dne m\u00eace ... brecan ofer bordweal,\n_caused the broadsword to spring out over the wall of shields_, 2981.--4)\nfiguratively, _to vex, not to let rest_: pret. hine fyrwyt br\u00e4c, _curiosity\ntormented_ (N.H.G. brachte die Neugier um), 232, 1986, 2785.\n\nge-brecan, _to break to pieces_: pret. b\u00e2nh\u00fbs gebr\u00e4c, _broke in pieces his\nbody_ (Be\u00f3wulf in combat with D\u00e4ghrefn), 2509.\n\nt\u00f4-brecan, _to break in pieces_: inf., 781; pret. part. t\u00f4-brocen, 998.\n\n\u00feurh-brecan, _to break through_, pret. wordes ord bre\u00f3sthord \u00feurh-br\u00e4c,\n_the word's point broke through his closed breast_, i.e. a word burst out\nfrom his breast, 2793.\n\nbrec\u00f0, st. f., _condition of being broken, breach_: nom. pl. m\u00f4des brec\u00f0a\n(_sorrow of heart_), 171.\n\n\u00e2-bredwian, w. v. w. acc., _to fell to the ground, to kill_ (?): pret.\n\u00e2bredwade, 2620.\n\nbregdan, st. v., properly _to swing round_, hence: 1) _to swing_: inf.\nunder sceadu bregdan, _swing among the shadows, to send into the realm of\nshadows_, 708; pret. br\u00e4gd ealde l\u00e2fe, _swung the old weapon_, 796; br\u00e4gd\nfeorh-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan, _swung his mortal enemy_ (Grendel's mother), threw her\ndown, 1540; pl. git e\u00e1gorstre\u00e1m ... mundum brugdon, _stirred the sea with\nyour hands_ (of the movement of the hands in swimming), 514; pret. part.\nbroden (brogden) m\u00e6l, _the drawn sword_, 1617, 1668.--2) _to knit, to knot,\nto plait_: inf., figuratively, inwitnet \u00f4\u00f0rum bregdan, _to weave a\nwaylaying net for another_ (as we say in the same way, to lay a trap for\nanother, to dig a pit for another), 2168; pret. part. beadohr\u00e4gl broden, _a\nwoven shirt of mail_ (because it consisted of metal rings joined together),\n552; similarly, 1549; brogdne beadusercean, 2756.\n\n\u00e2-bregdan, _to swing_: pret. hond up \u00e2-br\u00e4d, _swung, raised his hand_,\n2576.\n\nge-bregdan: 1) _swing_: pret. hring-m\u00e6l gebr\u00e4gd, _swung the ringed sword_,\n1565; eald sweord e\u00e1cen ... \u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00fe\u00fd w\u00e6pne gebr\u00e4gd, _an old heavy sword\nthat I swung as my weapon_, 1665; with interchanging instr. and acc.\nw\u00e4llseaxe gebr\u00e4d, biter and beadu-scearp, 2704; also, _to draw out of the\nsheath_: sweord \u00e6r gebr\u00e4d, _had drawn the sword before_, 2563.--2) _to\nknit, to knot, to plait_: pret. part. bere-byrne hondum gebroden, 1444.\n\non-bregdan, _to tear open, to throw open_: pret. onbr\u00e4d \u00fe\u00e2 recedes m\u00fb\u00f0an,\n_had then thrown open the entrance of the hall_ (onbregdan is used because\nthe opening door swings upon its hinges), 724.\n\nbrego, st. m., _prince, ruler_: nom. sg. 427, 610.\n\nbrego-r\u00f4f, adj., _powerful, like a ruler, of heroic strength_: nom. sg. m.,\n1926.\n\nbrego-st\u00f4l, st. m., _throne_, figuratively for _rule_: acc. sg. him\ngesealde seofon \u00fe\u00fbsendo, bold and brego-st\u00f4l, _seven thousand_ see under\nsceat), _a country-seat, and the dignity of a prince_, 2197; \u00fe\u00e6r him Hygd\ngebe\u00e1d ... brego-st\u00f4l, _where H. offered him the chief power_, 2371; l\u00eat\n\u00feone bregost\u00f4l Be\u00f3wulf healdan, _gave over to Be\u00f3wulf the chief power_ (did\nnot prevent Be\u00f3wulf from entering upon the government), 2390.\n\nbreme, adj., _known afar, renowned_. nom. sg., 18.\n\nbrenting (see brant), st. m., _ship craft_: nom. pl. brentingas, 2808.\n\n\u00e2-bre\u00e1tan, st. v., _to break, to break in pieces, to kill_: pret. \u00e2bre\u00f3t\nbrimw\u00eesan, _killed the sea-king_ (King H\u00e6\u00f0cyn), 2931. See bre\u00f3tan.\n\nbre\u00f3st, st. n.: 1) _breast_: nom. sg., 2177; often used in the pl., so acc.\n\u00fe\u00e4t m\u00eene bre\u00f3st were\u00f0, _which protects my breast_, 453; dat. pl. beadohr\u00e4gl\nbroden on bre\u00f3stum l\u00e4g. 552.--2) _the inmost thoughts, the mind, the heart,\nthe bosom_: nom. sg. bre\u00f3st innan we\u00f3ll \u00fee\u00f3strum ge\u00feoncum, _his breast\nheaved with troubled thoughts_, 2332; dat. pl. l\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 of bre\u00f3stum word \u00fbt\nfaran, _caused the words to come out from his bosom_, 2551.\n\nbre\u00f3st-gehygd, st. n. f., _breast-thought, secret thought_: instr. pl.\n-gehygdum, 2819.\n\nbre\u00f3st-gew\u00e6du, st. n. pl., _breast-clothing, garment covering the breast_,\nof the coat of mail: nom., 1212; acc., 2163.\n\nbre\u00f3st-hord, st. m., _breast-hoard, that which is locked in the breast,\nheart, mind, thought, soul_: nom. sg., 1720; acc. sg., 2793.\n\nbre\u00f3st-net, st. n., _breast-net, shirt of chain-mail, coat of mail_: nom.\nsg. bre\u00f3st-net broden, 1549.\n\nbre\u00f3st-weor\u00f0ung, st. f., _ornament that is worn upon the breast_: acc. sg.\nbre\u00f3st-weor\u00f0unge, 2505: here the collar is meant which Be\u00f3wulf receives\nfrom Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w (1196, 2174) as a present, and which B., according to 2173,\npresents to Hygd, while, according to 1203, it is in the possession of her\nhusband Hygel\u00e2c. In front the collar is trimmed with ornaments (fr\u00e4twe),\nwhich hang down upon the breast, hence the name bre\u00f3st-weor\u00f0ung.\n\nbre\u00f3st-wylm, st. m., _heaving of the breast, emotion of the bosom_: acc.\nsg, 1878.\n\nbre\u00f3tan, st. v., _to break, to break in pieces, to kill_: pret. bre\u00e1t\nbe\u00f3dgene\u00e1tas, _killed his table-companions_ (courtiers), 1714.\n\n\u00e2-bre\u00f3tan, same as above: pret. \u00feone \u00fee he\u00f3 on r\u00e4ste \u00e2bre\u00e1t, _whom she\nkilled upon his couch_, 1299; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t monige gewear\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e4t hine\nse\u00f3 brimwylf \u00e2broten h\u00e4fde, _many believed that the sea-wolf_ (Grendel's\nmother) _had killed him_, 1600; h\u00ee hyne ... \u00e2broten h\u00e4fdon, _had killed\nhim_ (the dragon), 2708.\n\nbrim, st. n., _flood, the sea_: nom. sg., 848, 1595; gen. sg. t\u00f4 brimes\nfaro\u00f0e, _to the sea_, 28; \u00e4t brimes nosan, _at the sea's promontory_, 2804;\nnom. pl. brimu swa\u00f0redon, _the waves subsided_, 570.\n\nbrim-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff, cliff washed by the sea_: acc. pl. -clifu,\n222.\n\nbrim-l\u00e2d, st. f., _flood-way, sea-way_: acc. sg. \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee mid Be\u00f3wulfe\nbriml\u00e2de te\u00e1h, _who had travelled the sea-way with B._, 1052.\n\nbrim-l\u00ee\u00f0end, pt, _sea-farer, sailor_ acc. p. -l\u00ee\u00f0ende, 568.\n\nbrim-stre\u00e1m, st. m., _sea-stream, the flood of the sea_: acc. pl. ofer\nbrim-stre\u00e1mas, 1911.\n\nbrim-w\u00eesa, w. m., _sea-king_: acc. sg. brimw\u00eesan, of H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, king of the\nGe\u00e1tas, 2931.\n\nbrim-wylf, st. f., _sea-wolf_ (designation of Grendel's mother): nom. sg.\nse\u00f3 brimwylf, 1507, 1600.\n\nbrim-wylm, st. m., _sea-wave_: nom. sg., 1495.\n\nbringan, anom. v., _to bring, to bear_: prs. sg. I. ic \u00fee \u00fe\u00fbsenda \u00feegna\nbringe t\u00f4 helpe, _bring to your assistance thousands of warriors_, 1830;\ninf. sceal hringnaca ofer he\u00e1\u00f0u bringan l\u00e2c and luft\u00e2cen, _shall bring\ngifts and love-tokens over the high sea_, 1863; similarly, 2149, 2505;\npret. pl. we \u00fe\u00e2s s\u00e6l\u00e2c ... br\u00f4hton, _brought this sea-offering_ (Grendel's\nhead), 1654.\n\nge-bringan, _to bring_: pres. subj. pl. \u00feat we \u00feone gebringan ... on\n\u00e2df\u00e4re, _that we bring him upon the funeral-pile_, 3010.\n\nbrosnian, w. v., _to crumble, to become rotten, to fall to pieces_: prs.\nsg. III. herep\u00e2d ... brosna\u00f0 \u00e4fter beorne, _the coat of mail falls to\npieces after_ (the death of) _the hero_, 2261.\n\nbr\u00f4\u00f0or, st. m., _brother_: nom. sg., 1325, 2441; dat sg. br\u00ea\u00f0er, 1263; gen.\nsg. his br\u00f4\u00f0or bearn, 2620; dat. pl. br\u00f4\u00f0rum, 588, 1075.\n\nge-br\u00f4\u00f0ru, pl., _brethren, brothers_: dat. pl. s\u00e4t be \u00fe\u00e6m gebr\u00f4\u00f0rum tw\u00e6m,\n_sat by the two brothers_, 1192.\n\nbr\u00f4ga, w. m., _terror, horror_: nom. sg., 1292, 2325, 2566; acc. sg. billa\nbr\u00f4gan, 583.--Comp.: gryre-, here-br\u00f4ga.\n\nbr\u00fbcan, st. v. w. gen., _to use, to make use of_: prs. sg. III. se \u00fee longe\nher worolde br\u00fbce\u00f0, _who here long makes use of the world_, i.e. lives\nlong, 1063; imp. br\u00fbc manigra m\u00eada, _make use of many rewards, give good\nrewards_, 1179; _to enjoy_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t he be\u00e1hhordes br\u00fbcan m\u00f4ste, _could\nenjoy the ring-hoard_, 895; similarly, 2242, 3101; pret. bre\u00e1c\nl\u00eefgesceafta, _enjoyed the appointed life, lived the appointed time_, 1954.\nWith the genitive to be supplied: bre\u00e1c \u00feonne m\u00f4ste, 1488; imp. br\u00fbc \u00feisses\nbe\u00e1ges, _enjoy this ring, take this ring_, 1217. Upon this meaning depends\nthe form of the wish, wel br\u00fbcan (compare the German geniesze froh!): inf.\nh\u00eat hine wel br\u00fbcan, 1046; h\u00eat hine br\u00fbcan well, 2813; imp. br\u00fbc ealles\nwell, 2163.\n\nbr\u00fbn, adj., _having a brown lustre, shining_: nom. sg. si\u00f3 ecg br\u00fbn, 2579.\n\nbr\u00fbn-ecg, adj., _having a gleaming blade_: acc. sg. n. (hyre seaxe) br\u00e2d\n[and] br\u00fbnecg, _her broad sword with gleaming blade_, 1547.\n\nbr\u00fbn-f\u00e2g, adj., _gleaming like metal_: acc. sg. br\u00fbnf\u00e2gne helm, 2616.\n\nbryne-le\u00f3ma, w. m., _light of a conflagration, gleam of fire _: nom. sg.,\n2314.\n\nbryne-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire_: dat. pl. -wylmum, 2327.\n\nbrytnian (properly _to break in small pieces_, cf. bre\u00f3tan), w. v., _to\nbestow, to distribute_: pret. sinc brytnade, _distributed presents_, i.e.\nruled (since the giving of gifts belongs especially to rulers), 2384.\n\nbrytta, w. m., _giver, distributer_, always designating the king: nom. sg.\nsinces brytta, 608, 1171, 2072; acc. sg. be\u00e1ga bryttan, 35, 352, 1488;\nsinces bryttan, 1923.\n\nbryttian (_to be a dispenser_), w. v., _to distribute, to confer_: prs. sg.\nIII. god manna cynne snyttru brytta\u00f0, _bestows wisdom upon the human race_,\n1727.\n\nbr\u00fdd, st. f.: 1) _wife, consort_: acc. sg. br\u00fdd, 2931; br\u00fdde, 2957, both\ntimes of the consort of Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w (?).--2) _betrothed, bride_: nom. sg., of\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's daughter, Fre\u00e1ware, 2032.\n\nbr\u00fdd-b\u00fbr, st. n., _woman's apartment_: dat. sg. eode ... cyning of\nbr\u00fddb\u00fbre, _the king came out of the apartment of his wife_ (into which,\naccording to 666, he had gone), 922.\n\nbunden-stefna, w. m., _(that which has a bound prow), the framed ship_:\nnom. sg., 1911.\n\nbune, w. f., _can_ or _cup, drinking-vessel_: nom. pl. bunan, 3048; acc.\npl. bunan, 2776.\n\nburh, burg, st. f., _castle, city, fortified house_: acc. sg. burh, 523;\ndat. sg. byrig, 1200; dat. pl. burgum, 53, 1969, 2434.--Comp.: fre\u00f3,\nfreo\u00f0o-, he\u00e1-, hle\u00f3-, hord-, le\u00f3d-, m\u00e6g-burg.\n\nburh-loca, w. m., _castle-bars_: dat. sg. under burh-locan, _under the\ncastle-bars_, i.e. in the castle (Hygel\u00e2c's), 1929.\n\nburh-stede, st. m., _castle-place, place where the castle_ or _city\nstands_: acc. sg. burhstede, 2266.\n\nburh-wela, w. m., _riches, treasure of a castle_ or _city_: gen. sg. \u00feenden\nhe burh-welan br\u00fbcan m\u00f4ste, 3101.\n\nburne, w. f., _spring, fountain_: gen. \u00fe\u00e6re burnan w\u00e4lm, _the bubbling of\nthe spring_, 2547.\n\nb\u00fban, st. v.: 1) _to stay, to remain, to dwell_: inf. gif he weard onfunde\nb\u00fban on beorge, _if he had found the watchman dwelling on the mountain_,\n2843.--2) _to inhabit_, w. acc.: meduseld b\u00fban, _to inhabit the\nmead-house_, 3066.\n\nge-b\u00fban, w. acc., _to occupy a house, to take possession_: pret. part. he\u00e1n\nh\u00fbses, h\u00fb hit Hring Dene \u00e4fter be\u00f3r\u00feege geb\u00fbn h\u00e4fdon, _how the Danes, after\ntheir beer-carouse, had occupied it_ (had made their beds in it),\n117.--With the pres. part. b\u00fbend are the compounds ceaster-, fold-, grund-,\nlond-b\u00fbend.\n\nb\u00fbgan, st. v., _to bend, to bow, to sink; to turn, to flee_: prs. sg. III.\nbon-g\u00e2r b\u00fbge\u00f0, _the fatal spear sinks_, i.e. its deadly point is turned\ndown, it rests, 2032; inf. \u00fe\u00e4t se byrnw\u00eega b\u00fbgan sceolde, _that the armed\nhero had to sink down_ (having received a deadly blow), 2919; similarly,\n2975; pret. sg. be\u00e1h eft under eor\u00f0weall, _turned, fled again behind the\nearth-wall_, 2957; pret. pl. bugon t\u00f4 bence, _turned to the bench_, 327,\n1014; hy on holt bugon, _fled to the wood_, 2599.\n\n\u00e2-b\u00fbgan, _to bend off, to curve away from_: pret. fram sylle \u00e2be\u00e1g medubenc\nmonig, _from the threshold curved away many a mead-bench_, 776.\n\nbe-b\u00fbgan, w. acc., _to surround, to encircle_: prs. sw\u00e2 (_which_) w\u00e4ter\nbeb\u00fbge\u00f0, 93; efne sw\u00e2 s\u00eede sw\u00e2 s\u00e6 beb\u00fbge\u00f0 windige weallas, _as far as the\nsea encircles windy shores_, 1224.\n\nge-b\u00fbgan, _to bend, to bow, to sink_: a) intrans.: he\u00f3 on flet gebe\u00e1h,\n_sank on the floor_, 1541; \u00fe\u00e2 gebe\u00e1h cyning, _then sank the king_, 2981; \u00fe\u00e2\nse wyrm gebe\u00e1h sn\u00fbde t\u00f4somne (_when the drake at once coiled itself up_),\n2568; gew\u00e2t \u00fe\u00e2 gebogen scr\u00ee\u00f0an t\u00f4, _advanced with curved body_ (the drake),\n2570.--b) w. acc. of the thing to which one bends or sinks: pret. selereste\ngebe\u00e1h, _sank upon the couch in the hall_, 691; similarly gebe\u00e1g, 1242.\n\nb\u00fbr, st. n., _apartment, room_: dat. sg. b\u00fbre, 1311, 2456; dat. pl. b\u00fbrum,\n140.--Comp. br\u00fdd-b\u00fbr.\n\nb\u00fbtan, b\u00fbton (from be and \u00fbtan, hence in its meaning referring to what is\nwithout, excluded): 1) conj. with subjunctive following, _lest_: b\u00fbtan his\nl\u00eec swice, _lest his body escape_, 967. With ind. following, _but_: b\u00fbton\nhit w\u00e4s m\u00e2re \u00feonne \u00e6nig mon \u00f4\u00f0er t\u00f4 beadul\u00e2ce \u00e4tberan meahte, _but it_ (the\nsword) _was greater than any other man could have carried to battle_, 1561.\nAfter a preceding negative verb, _except_: \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee gumena bearn gearwe ne\nwiston b\u00fbton Fitela mid hine, _which the children of men did not know at\nall, except Fitela, who was with him_, 880; ne nom he m\u00e2\u00f0m-\u00e6hta m\u00e2 b\u00fbton\n\u00feone hafelan, etc., _he took no more of the rich treasure than the head\nalone_, 1615.--2) prep, with dat., _except_: b\u00fbton folcscare, 73; b\u00fbton \u00fee,\n658; ealle b\u00fbton \u00e2num, 706.\n\nbycgan, w. v., _to buy, to pay_: inf. ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t gewrixle til \u00fe\u00e4t hie on b\u00e2\nhealfa bicgan scoldon fre\u00f3nda feorum, _that was no good transaction, that\nthey, on both sides_ (as well to Grendel as to his mother), _had to pay\nwith the lives of their friends_, 1306.\n\nbe-bycgan, _to sell_: pret. nu ic on m\u00e2\u00f0ma hord m\u00eene bebohte fr\u00f4de\nfeorhlege (_now I, for the treasure-hoard, gave up my old life_), 2800.\n\nge-bycgan, _to buy, to acquire; to pay_: pret. w. acc. n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e6nige ...\nfr\u00f4fre gebohte, _obtained no sort of help, consolation_, 974; hit (his,\nMS.) ealdre gebohte, _paid it with his life_, 2482; pret. part. sylfes\nfeore be\u00e1gas [geboh]te, _bought rings with his own life_, 3015.\n\nbyldan, w. v. (_to make_ beald, which see), _to excite, to encourage, to\nbrave deeds_: inf. w. acc. sw\u00e2 he Fresena cyn on be\u00f3rsele byldan wolde (by\ndistributing gifts), 1095.\n\nge-byrd, st. n., \"fatum destinatum\" (Grein) (?): acc. sg. hie on gebyrd\nhruron g\u00e2re wunde, 1075.\n\nge-byrdu, st. f., _birth_; in compound, bearn-gebyrdu.\n\nbyrdu-scr\u00fbd, st. n., _shield-ornament, design upon a shield_(?): nom. sg.,\n2661.\n\nbyre, st. m., (_born_) _son_: nom. sg., 2054, 2446, 2622, etc.; nom. pl.\nbyre, 1189. In a broader sense, _young man, youth_: acc. pl. b\u00e6dde byre\ngeonge, _encouraged the youths_ (at the banquet), 2019.\n\nbyr\u00f0en, st. f., _burden_; in comp. m\u00e4gen-byr\u00f0en.\n\nbyrele, st. m., _steward, waiter, cupbearer_: nom. pl. byrelas, 1162.\n\nbyrgan, w. v., _to feast, to eat_: inf., 448.\n\nge-byrgea, w. m., _protector_; in comp. le\u00f3d-gebyrgea.\n\nbyrht. See _beorht_.\n\nbyrne, w. f., _shirt of mail, mail_: nom. sg. byrne, 405, 1630, etc.;\nhringed byrne, _ring-shirt_, consisting of interlaced rings, 1246; acc. sg.\nbyrnan, 1023, etc.; s\u00eede byrnan, _large coat of mail_, 1292; hringde\nbyrnan, 2616; h\u00e2re byrnan, _gray coat of mail_ (of iron), 2154; dat. sg. on\nbyrnan, 2705; gen. sg. byrnan hring, _the ring of the shirt of mail_ (i.e.\nthe shirt of mail), 2261; dat. pl. byrnum, 40, 238, etc.; beorhtum byrnum,\n_with gleaming mail_, 3141.--Comp.: g\u00fb\u00f0-, here-, hea\u00f0o-, \u00eeren-,\n\u00eesern-byrne.\n\nbyrnend. See beornan.\n\nbyrn-w\u00eega, w. m., _warrior dressed in a coat of mail_: nom. sg., 2919.\n\nbysgu, bisigu, st. f., _trouble, difficulty, opposition_: nom. sg. bisigu,\n281; dat. pl. bisgum, 1744, bysigum, 2581.\n\nbysig, adj., _opposed, in need_, in the compounds l\u00eef-bysig, syn-bysig.\n\nb\u00fdme, w. f., _a wind-instrument, a trumpet, a trombone_: gen. sg. b\u00fdman\ngealdor, _the sound of the trumpet_, 2944.\n\nb\u00fdwan, w. v., _to ornament, to prepare_: inf. \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fee beado-gr\u00eeman b\u00fdwan\nsceoldon, _who should prepare the helmets_, 2258.\n\n\nC\n\ncamp, st. m., _combat, fight between two_: dat. sg. in campe (Be\u00f3wulf's\nwith D\u00e4ghrefn; cempan, MS.), 2506.\n\ncandel, st. f., _light, candle_: nom. sg. rodores candel, of the sun,\n1573.--Comp. woruld-candel.\n\ncempa, w. m., _fighter, warrior, hero_: nom. sg. \u00e4\u00f0ele cempa, 1313; Ge\u00e1ta\ncempa, 1552; r\u00ea\u00f0e cempa, 1586; m\u00e6re cempa (as voc.), 1762; gyrded cempa,\n2079; dat. sg. geongum (geongan) cempan, 1949, 2045, 2627; H\u00fbga cempan,\n2503; acc. pl. cempan, 206.--Comp. f\u00ea\u00f0e-cempa.\n\ncennan, w. v.: 1) _to bear_, w. acc.: efne sw\u00e2 hwylc m\u00e4g\u00f0a sw\u00e2 \u00feone magan\ncende, _who bore the son_, 944; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e4m eafera w\u00e4s \u00e4fter cenned,\n_to him was a son born_, 12.--2) reflexive, _to show one's self, to reveal\none's self_: imp. cen \u00feec mid cr\u00e4fte, _prove yourself by your strength_,\n1220.\n\n\u00e2-cennan, _to bear_: pret. part. n\u00f4 hie f\u00e4der cunnon, hw\u00e4\u00f0er him \u00e6nig w\u00e4s\n\u00e6r \u00e2cenned dyrnra g\u00e2sta, _they_ (the people of the country) _do not know\nhis_ (Grendel's) _father, nor whether any evil spirit has been before born\nto him_ (whether he has begotten a son), 1357.\n\nc\u00ean\u00f0u, st. f., _boldness_: acc. sg. c\u00ean\u00f0u, 2697.\n\nc\u00eane, adj., _keen, warlike, bold_: gen. p.. c\u00eanra gehwylcum, 769. Superl.,\nacc. pl. c\u00eanoste, 206.--Comp.: d\u00e6d-, g\u00e2r-c\u00eane.\n\nceald, adj., _cold_: acc. pl. cealde stre\u00e1mas, 1262; dat. pl. cealdum\ncears\u00ee\u00f0um, _with cold, sad journeys_, 2397. Superl. nom. sg. wedera\ncealdost, 546;--Comp. morgen-ceald.\n\ncearian, w. v., _to have care, to take care, to trouble one's self_: prs.\nsg. III. n\u00e2 ymb his l\u00eef ceara\u00f0, _takes no care for his life_, 1537.\n\ncearig, adj., _troubled, sad_: in comp. sorh-cearig.\n\ncear-s\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _sorrowful way, an undertaking that brings sorrow_, i.e.\na warlike expedition: dat. pl. cears\u00ee\u00f0um (of Be\u00f3wulf's expeditions against\nE\u00e1dgils), 2397.\n\ncearu, st. f., _care, sorrow, lamentation_: nom. sg., 1304; acc. sg.\n[ceare], 3173.--Comp.: ealdor-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, m\u00e6l-, m\u00f4d-cearu.\n\ncear-w\u00e4lm, st. m., _care-agitation, waves of sorrow in the breast_: dat.\npl. \u00e4fter cear-w\u00e4lmum, 2067.\n\ncear-wylm, st. m., same as above; nom. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 cear-wylmas, 282.\n\nceaster-b\u00fbend, pt, _inhabitant of a fortified place, inhabitant of a\ncastle_: dat. pl. ceaster-b\u00fbendum, of those established in Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's\ncastle, 769.\n\nce\u00e1p, st. m., _purchase, transaction_: figuratively, nom. sg. n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fd\u00f0e\nce\u00e1p, _no easy transaction_, 2416; instr. sg. \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee \u00f4\u00f0er hit ealdre\ngebohte, heardan ce\u00e1pe, _although the one paid it with his life, a dear\npurchase_, 2483.\n\nge-ce\u00e1pian, w. v., _to purchase_: pret. part. gold unr\u00eeme grimme gece\u00e1pod,\n_gold without measure, bitterly purchased_ (with Be\u00f3wulf's life), 3013.\n\nbe-ceorfan, st. v., _to separate, to cut off_ (with acc. of the pers. and\ninstr. of the thing): pret. hine \u00fe\u00e2 he\u00e1fde becearf, _cut off his head_,\n1591; similarly, 2139.\n\nceorl, st. m., _man_: nom. sg. snotor ceorl monig, _many a wise man_, 909;\ndat. sg. gomelum ceorle, _the old man_ (of King Hr\u00ea\u00f0el), 2445; so, ealdum\nceorle, of King Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w, 2973; nom. pl. snotere ceorlas, _wise men_, 202,\n416, 1592.\n\nce\u00f3l, st. m., _keel_, figuratively for the ship: nom. sg., 1913; acc. sg.\nce\u00f3l, 38, 238; gen. sg. ce\u00f3les, 1807.\n\nce\u00f3san, st. v., _to choose_, hence, _to assume_: inf. \u00feone cyned\u00f4m ci\u00f3san\nwolde, _would assume the royal dignity_, 2377; _to seek_: pret. subj. \u00e6r he\nb\u00e6l cure, _before he sought his funeral-pile_ (before he died), 2819.\n\nge-ce\u00f3san, _to choose, to elect_: gerund, t\u00f4 gece\u00f3senne cyning \u00e6nigne\n(s\u00ealran), _to choose a better king_, 1852; imp. \u00fee \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00ealre ge-ce\u00f3s,\n_choose thee the better_ (of two: bealon\u00ee\u00f0 and \u00eace r\u00e6das), 1759; pret. he\n\u00fbsic on herge gece\u00e1s t\u00f4 \u00feyssum si\u00f0fate, _selected us among the soldiers for\nthis undertaking_, 2639; gece\u00e1s \u00eacne r\u00e6d, _chose the everlasting gain_,\ni.e. died, 1202; similarly, godes le\u00f3ht gece\u00e1s, 2470; pret. part. acc. pl.\nh\u00e4fde ... cempan gecorone, 206.\n\non-cirran, w. v., _to turn, to change_: inf. ne meahte ... \u00fe\u00e4s wealdendes\n[willan] wiht on-cirran, _could not change the will of the Almighty_, 2858;\npret. ufor oncirde, _turned higher_, 2952; \u00feyder oncirde, _turned thither_,\n2971.\n\n\u00e2-c\u00eegan, w. v., _to call hither_: pret. \u00e2c\u00eegde of cor\u00f0re cyninges \u00feegnas\nsyfone, _called from the retinue of the king seven men_, 3122.\n\nclam, clom, st. m., f. n.? _fetter_, figuratively of a strong gripe: dat.\npl. heardan clammum, 964; heardum clammum, 1336; atolan clommum (horrible\nclaws of the mother of Grendel), 1503.\n\nclif, cleof, st. n., _cliff, promontory_: acc. pl. Ge\u00e1ta clifu,\n1912.--Comp.: brim-, \u00eag-, holm-, st\u00e2n-clif.\n\nge-cn\u00e2wan, st. v., _to know, to recognize_: inf. meaht \u00feu, m\u00een wine, m\u00eace\ngecn\u00e2wan, _mayst thou, my friend, recognize the sword_, 2048.\n\non-cn\u00e2wan, _to recognize, to distinguish_: hordweard oncni\u00f3w mannes reorde,\n_distinguished the speech of a man_, 2555.\n\ncniht, st. m., _boy, youth_: dat. pl. \u00feyssum cnyhtum, _to these boys_\n(Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's sons), 1220.\n\ncniht-wesende, prs. part., _being a boy_ or _a youth_: acc. sg. ic hine\nc\u00fb\u00f0e cniht-wesende, _knew him while still a boy_, 372; nom. pl. wit \u00fe\u00e4t\ngecw\u00e6don cniht-wesende, _we both as young men said that_, 535.\n\ncnyssan, w. v., _to strike, to dash against each other_: pret. pl. \u00feonne\n... eoferas cnysedan, _when the bold warriors dashed against each other,\nstormed_ (in battle), 1329.\n\ncollen-ferh\u00f0, -fer\u00f0, adj., (properly, _of swollen mind_), _of uncommon\nthoughts, in his way of thinking, standing higher than others,\nhigh-minded_: nom. sg. cuma collen-ferh\u00f0, of Be\u00f3wulf, 1807; collen-fer\u00f0, of\nW\u00eegl\u00e2f, 2786.\n\ncor\u00f0er, st. n., _troop, division of an army, retinue_: dat. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s ...\nFin sl\u00e4gen, cyning on cor\u00f0re, _then was Fin slain, the king in the troop_\n(of warriors), 1154; of cor\u00f0re cyninges, _out of the retinue of the king_,\n3122.\n\ncostian, w. v., _to try_; pret. (w. gen.) he m\u00een costode, _tried me_, 2085.\n\nc\u00f4fa, w. m., _apartment, sleeping-room, couch_: in comp. b\u00e2n-c\u00f4fa.\n\nc\u00f4l, adj., _cool_: compar. cearwylmas c\u00f4lran wur\u00f0a\u00f0, _the waves of sorrow\nbecome cooler_, i.e. the mind becomes quiet, 282; him w\u00eeflufan ... c\u00f4lran\nweor\u00f0a\u00f0, _his love for his wife cools_, 2067.\n\ncr\u00e4ft, st. m., _the condition of being able_, hence: 1) _physical\nstrength_: nom. sg. m\u00e4g\u00f0a cr\u00e4ft, 1284; acc. sg. m\u00e4genes cr\u00e4ft, 418; \u00feurh\n\u00e2nes cr\u00e4ft, 700; cr\u00e4ft and c\u00ean\u00f0u, 2697; dat. (instr.) sg. cr\u00e4fte, 983,\n1220, 2182, 2361.--2) _art, craft, skill_: dat. sg. as instr. dyrnum\ncr\u00e4fte, _with secret_ (magic) _art_, 2169; dyrnan cr\u00e4fte, 2291; \u00fee\u00f3fes\ncr\u00e4fte, _with thief's craft_, 2221; dat. pl. de\u00f3fles cr\u00e4ftum, _by devil's\nart_ (sorcery), 2089.--3) _great quantity_ (?): acc. sg. wyrm-horda cr\u00e4ft,\n2223.--Comp.: leo\u00f0o-, m\u00e4gen-, nearo-, w\u00eeg-cr\u00e4ft.\n\ncr\u00e4ftig, adj.: 1) _strong, stout_: nom. sg. eafo\u00f0es cr\u00e4ftig, 1467; n\u00ee\u00f0a\ncr\u00e4ftig, 1963. Comp. w\u00eeg-cr\u00e4ftig.--2) _adroit, skilful_: in comp.\nlagu-cr\u00e4ftig.--3) _rich_ (of treasures); in comp. e\u00e1cen-cr\u00e4ftig.\n\ncringan, st. v., _to fall in combat, to fall with the writhing movement of\nthose mortally wounded_: pret. subj. on w\u00e4l crunge, _would sink into death,\nwould fall_, 636; pret. pl. for the pluperfect, sume on w\u00e4le crungon, 1114.\n\nge-cringan, same as above: pret. he under rande gecranc, _fell under his\nshield_, 1210; \u00e4t w\u00eege gecrang, _fell in battle_, 1338; he\u00f3 on flet\ngecrong, _fell to the ground_, 1569; in campe gecrong, _fell in single\ncombat_, 2506.\n\ncuma (_he who comes_), w. m., _newcomer, guest_: nom. sg. 1807.--Comp.:\ncwealm-, wil-cuma.\n\ncuman, st. v., _to come_: pres. sg. II. gyf \u00feu on weg cymest, _if thou\ncomest from there_, 1383; III. cyme\u00f0, 2059; pres. subj. sg. III. cume, 23;\npl. \u00feonne we \u00fbt cymen, _when we come out_, 3107; inf. cuman, 244, 281,\n1870; pret. sg. com, 430, 569, 826, 1134, 1507, 1601, etc.; cwom, 419,\n2915; pret. subj. sg. cw\u00f4me, 732; pret. part. cumen, 376; pl. cumene, 361.\nOften with the inf. of a verb of motion, as, com gongan, 711; com s\u00ee\u00f0ian,\n721; com in g\u00e2n, 1645; cwom g\u00e2n, 1163; com scacan, 1803; cw\u00f4mon l\u00e6dan, 239;\ncw\u00f4mon s\u00eacean, 268; cw\u00f4man scr\u00ee\u00f0an, 651, etc. [pret. c\u00f4m, etc.]\n\nbe-cuman, _to come, to approach, to arrive_: pret. sy\u00f0\u00f0an niht becom,\n_after the night had come_, 115; \u00fee on \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00f3de becom, _that had come over\nthe people_, 192; \u00fe\u00e2 he t\u00f4 h\u00e2m becom, 2993. And with inf. following: stefn\nin becom ... hlynnan under h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n, 2553; lyt eft becwom ... h\u00e2mes\nni\u00f3san, 2366; \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t ende becwom, 1255; similarly, 2117. With acc. of\npers.: \u00fe\u00e2 hyne si\u00f3 \u00ferag becwom, _when this time of battle came over him_,\n2884.\n\nofer-cuman, _to overcome, to compel_: pret. \u00fe\u00fd he \u00feone fe\u00f3nd ofercwom,\n_thereby he overcame the foe_, 1274: pl. hie fe\u00f3nd heora ... oferc\u00f4mon,\n700; pret. part. (w. gen.) n\u00ee\u00f0a ofercumen, _compelled by combats_, 846.\n\ncumbol, cumbor, st. m., _banner_: gen. sg. cumbles hyrde, 2506.--Comp.\nhilte-cumbor.\n\ncund, adj., _originating in, descended from_: in comp. feorran-cund.\n\ncunnan, verb pret. pres.: 1) _to know, to be acquainted with_ (w. acc. or\ndepend, clause): sg. pres. I. ic m\u00eenne can gl\u00e4dne Hr\u00f4\u00f0ulf \u00fe\u00e4t he ... wile,\n_I know my gracious H., that he will_..., 1181; II. eard git ne const,\n_thou knowest not yet the land_, 1378; III. he \u00fe\u00e4t wyrse ne con, _knows no\nworse_, 1740. And reflexive: con him land geare, _knows the land well_,\n2063; pl. men ne cunnon hwyder helr\u00fbnan scr\u00ee\u00f0a\u00f0, _men do not know\nwhither_..., 162; pret. sg. ic hine c\u00fb\u00f0e, _knew him_, 372; c\u00fb\u00f0e he dugu\u00f0\n\u00fee\u00e1w, _knew the customs of the distinguished courtiers_, 359; so with the\nacc., 2013; seolfa ne c\u00fb\u00f0e \u00feurh hw\u00e4t..., _he himself did not know through\nwhat_..., 3068; pl. sorge ne c\u00fb\u00f0on, 119; so with the acc., 180, 418, 1234.\nWith both (acc. and depend. clause): n\u00f4 hie f\u00e4der cunnon (scil. n\u00f4 hie\ncunnon) hw\u00e4\u00f0er him \u00e6nig w\u00e4s \u00e6r \u00e2cenned dyrnra g\u00e2sta, 1356.--2) with inf.\nfollowing, _can, to be able_: prs. sg. him bebeorgan ne con, _cannot defend\nhimself_, 1747; prs. pl. men ne cunnon secgan, _cannot say_, 50; pret. sg.\nc\u00fb\u00f0e reccan, 90; beorgan c\u00fb\u00f0e, 1446; pret. pl. h\u00earian ne c\u00fb\u00f0on, _could not\npraise_, 182; pret. subj. healdan c\u00fb\u00f0e, 2373.\n\ncunnian, w. v., _to inquire into, to try_, w. gen. or acc.: inf. sund\ncunnian (figurative for _roam over the sea_), 1427, 1445; geongne cempan\nhiges cunnian, _to try the young warrior's mind_, 2046; pret. eard cunnode,\n_tried the home_, i.e. came to it, 1501; pl. wada cunnedon, _tried the\nflood_, i.e. swam through the sea, 508.\n\nc\u00fb\u00f0, adj.: 1) _known, well known; manifest, certain_: nom. sg. undyrne c\u00fb\u00f0,\n150, 410; w\u00eede c\u00fb\u00f0, 2924; acc. sg. fern. c\u00fb\u00f0e folme, 1304; c\u00fb\u00f0e str\u00e6te,\n1635; nom. pl. ecge c\u00fb\u00f0e, 1146; acc. pl. c\u00fb\u00f0e n\u00e4ssas, 1913.--2) _renowned_:\nnom. sg. g\u00fb\u00f0um c\u00fb\u00f0, 2179; nom. pl. cystum c\u00fb\u00f0e, 868.--3) also, _friendly,\ndear, good_ (see un-c\u00fb\u00f0).--Comp.: un-, w\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0.\n\nc\u00fb\u00f0-l\u00eece, adv., _openly, publicly_: comp. n\u00f4 her c\u00fb\u00f0l\u00eecor cuman ongunnon\nlind-h\u00e4bbende, _no shield-bearing men undertook more boldly to come hither_\n(the coast-watchman means by this the secret landing of the Vikings), 244.\n\ncwalu, st. f., _murder, fall_: in comp. de\u00e1\u00f0-cwalu.\n\ncweccan (_to make alive_, see cwic), w. v., _to move, to swing_: pret.\ncwehte m\u00e4gen-wudu, _swung the wood of strength_ (= spear), 235.\n\ncwe\u00f0an, st. v., _to say, to speak_: a) absolutely: prs. sg. III. cwi\u00f0 \u00e4t\nbe\u00f3re, _speaks at beer-drinking_, 2042.--b) w. acc.: pret. word \u00e4fter cw\u00e4\u00f0,\n315; fe\u00e1 worda cw\u00e4\u00f0, 2247, 2663.--c) with \u00fe\u00e4t following: pret. sg. cw\u00e4\u00f0,\n92, 2159; pl. cw\u00e6don, 3182.--d) with \u00fe\u00e4t omitted: pret. cw\u00e4\u00f0 he g\u00fb\u00f0-cyning\ns\u00eacean wolde, _said he would seek out the war-king_, 199; similarly, 1811,\n2940.\n\n\u00e2-cwe\u00f0an, _to say, to speak_, w. acc.: prs. \u00fe\u00e4t word \u00e2cwy\u00f0, _speaks the\nword_, 2047; pret. \u00fe\u00e4t word \u00e2cw\u00e4\u00f0, 655.\n\nge-cwe\u00f0an, _to say, to speak_: a) absolutely: pret. sg. II. sw\u00e2 \u00feu gecw\u00e6de,\n2665.--b)w. acc.: pret. wel-hwylc gecw\u00e4\u00f0, _spoke everything_, 875; pl. wit\n\u00fe\u00e4t gecw\u00e6don, 535.--c) w. \u00fe\u00e4t following: pret. gecw\u00e4\u00f0, 858, 988.\n\ncwellan, w. v., (_to make die_), _to kill, to murder_: pret. sg. II. \u00feu\nGrendel cwealdest, 1335.\n\n\u00e2-cwellan, _to kill_: pret. sg. (he) wyrm \u00e2cwealde, 887; \u00feone \u00fee Grendel \u00e6r\nm\u00e2ne \u00e2cwealde, _whom Grendel had before wickedly murdered_, 1056; beorn\n\u00e2cwealde, 2122.\n\ncw\u00ean, st. f.: 1) _wife, consort_ (of noble birth): nom. sg. cw\u00ean, 62;\n(Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's), 614, 924; (Finn's), 1154.--2) particularly denoting the queen:\nnom. sg. be\u00e1ghroden cw\u00ean (Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w), 624; m\u00e6ru cw\u00ean, 2017; fremu folces\ncw\u00ean (\u00dery\u00f0o), 1933; acc. sg. cw\u00ean (Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w), 666.-Comp. folc-cw\u00ean.\n\ncw\u00ean-l\u00eec, adj., _feminine, womanly_: nom. sg. ne bi\u00f0 swylc cw\u00eanl\u00eec \u00fee\u00e1w\n(_such is not the custom of women, does not become a woman_), 1941.\n\ncwealm, st. m., _violent death, murder, destruction_: acc. sg. \u00feone cwealm\ngewr\u00e4c, _avenged the death_ (of Abel by Cain), 107; m\u00e6ndon mondryhtnes\ncwealm, _lamented the ruler's fall_, 3150.--Comp.: bealo-, de\u00e1\u00f0-,\ng\u00e2r-cwealm.\n\ncwealm-bealu, st. n., _the evil of murder_: acc. sg., 1941.\n\ncwealm-cuma, w. m., _one coming for murder, a new-comer who contemplates\nmurder_: acc. sg. \u00feone cwealm-cuman (of Grendel), 793.\n\ncwic and cwico, adj., _quick, having life, alive_: acc. sg. cwicne, 793,\n2786; gen. sg. \u00e2ht cwices, _something living_, 2315; nom. pl. cwice, 98;\ncwico w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 gena, _was still alive_, 3094.\n\ncwide, st. m., _word, speech, saying_: in comp. gegn-, gilp-, hle\u00f3-, \u00f0or-\n[non-existant form--KTH], word-cwide.\n\ncw\u00ee\u00f0an, st. v., _to complain, to lament_: inf. w. acc. ongan ... giogu\u00f0e\ncw\u00ee\u00f0an hilde-strengo, _began to lament the_ (departed) _battle-strength of\nhis youth_, 2113 [ceare] cw\u00ee\u00f0an, _lament their cares_, 3173.\n\ncyme, st. m., _coming, arrival_: nom. pl. hwanan e\u00f3wre cyme syndon, _whence\nyour coming is_, i. e. whence ye are, 257.--Comp. eft-cyme.\n\ncyml\u00eece, adv., (convenienter), _splendidly, grandly_: comp. cyml\u00eecor, 38.\n\ncyn, st. n., _race_, both in the general sense, and denoting noble lineage:\nnom. sg. Fresena cyn, 1094; Wedera (gara, MS.) cyn, 461; acc. sg. eotena\ncyn, 421; giganta cyn, 1691; dat. sg. Caines cynne, 107; manna cynne, 811,\n915, 1726; e\u00f3wrum (of those who desert Be\u00f3wulf in battle) cynne, 2886; gen.\nsg. manna (gumena) cynnes, 702, etc.; m\u00e6ran cynnes, 1730; l\u00e2\u00f0an cynnes,\n2009, 2355; \u00fbsses cynnes W\u00e6gmundinga, 2814; gen. pl. cynna gehwylcum,\n98.--Comp.: eormen-, feorh-, frum-, gum-, man-, wyrm-cyn.\n\ncyn, st. n., _that which is suitable or proper_: gen. pl. cynna (of\netiquette) gemyndig, 614.\n\nge-cynde, adj., _innate, peculiar, natural_: nom. sg., 2198, 2697.\n\ncyne-d\u00f4m, st. m., _kingdom, royal dignity_: acc. sg., 2377.\n\ncyning, st. m., _king_: nom. acc. sg. cyning, II, 864, 921, etc.; kyning,\n620, 3173; dat. sg. cyninge, 3094; gen. sg. cyninges, 868, 1211; gen. pl.\nkyning[a] wuldor, of God, 666.--Comp. beorn-, eor\u00f0-, folc-, gu\u00f0-, he\u00e1h-,\nle\u00f3d-, s\u00e6-, s\u00f4\u00f0-, \u00fee\u00f3d-, worold-, wuldor-cyning.\n\ncyning-beald, adj., \"_nobly bold_\" (Thorpe), _excellently brave_ (?): nom.\npl. cyning-balde men, 1635.\n\nge-cyssan, w. v., _to kiss_: pret. gecyste \u00fe\u00e2 cyning ... \u00feegen betstan,\n_kissed the best thane_ (Be\u00f3wulf), 1871.\n\ncyst (_choosing_, see ce\u00f3san), st. f., _the select, the best of a thing,\ngood quality, excellence_: nom. sg. \u00eerenna cyst, _of the swords_, 803,\n1698; w\u00e6pna cyst, 1560; symbla cyst, _choice banquet_, 1233; acc. sg. \u00eerena\ncyst, 674; dat. pl. foldwegas ... cystum c\u00fb\u00f0e, _known through excellent\nqualities_, 868; (cyning) cystum gec\u00fd\u00f0ed, 924.--Comp. gum-, hilde-cyst.\n\nc\u00fd\u00f0. See on-c\u00fd\u00f0.\n\nc\u00fd\u00f0an (see c\u00fb\u00f0), w. v., _to make known, to manifest, to show_: imp. sg.\nm\u00e4gen-ellen c\u00fd\u00f0, _show thy heroic strength_, 660; inf. cwealmbealu c\u00fd\u00f0an,\n1941; ellen c\u00fd\u00f0an, 2696.\n\nge-c\u00fd\u00f0an (_to make known_, hence): 1) _to give information, to announce_:\ninf. andsware gec\u00fd\u00f0an, _to give answer_, 354; gerund, t\u00f4 gec\u00fd\u00f0anne hwanan\ne\u00f3wre cyme syndon (_to show whence ye come_), 257; pret. part. s\u00f4\u00f0 is\ngec\u00fd\u00f0ed \u00fe\u00e4t ... (_the truth has become known_, it has shown itself to be\ntrue), 701; Higel\u00e2ce w\u00e4s s\u00ee\u00f0 Be\u00f3wulfes sn\u00fbde gec\u00fd\u00f0ed, _the arrival of B.\nwas quickly announced_, 1972; similarly, 2325.--2) _to make celebrated_, in\npret. part.: w\u00e4s m\u00een f\u00e4der folcum gec\u00fd\u00f0ed (_my father was known to\nwarriors_), 262; w\u00e4s his m\u00f4dsefa manegum gec\u00fd\u00f0ed, 349; cystum gec\u00fd\u00f0ed, 924.\n\nc\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0u (properly, _condition of being known_, hence _relationship_), st. f.,\n_home, country, land_: in comp. feor-c\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0u. [should be c\u00fd\u00f0, feor-c\u00fd\u00f0--KTH]\n\nge-c\u00fdpan, w. v., _to purchase_: inf. n\u00e4s him \u00e6nig \u00feearf \u00fe\u00e4t he ... \u00feurfe\nwyrsan w\u00eegfrecan weor\u00f0e gec\u00fdpan, _had need to buy with treasures no\ninferior warrior_, 2497.\n\n\nD\n\ndaro\u00f0, st. m., _spear_: dat. pl. dare\u00f0um l\u00e2can (_to fight_), 2849.\n\nge-d\u00e2l, st. n., _parting, separation_: nom. sg. his worulde ged\u00e2l, _his\nseparation from the world_ (his death), 3069.--Comp. ealdor-, l\u00eef-ged\u00e2l.\n\nd\u00e4g, st. m., _day_: nom. sg. d\u00e4g, 485, 732, 2647; acc. sg. d\u00e4g, 2400;\nandlangne d\u00e4g, _the whole day_, 2116; morgenlongne d\u00e4g (_the whole\nmorning_), 2895; \u00f4\u00f0 d\u00f4mes d\u00e4g, _till judgment-day_, 3070; dat. sg. on \u00fe\u00e4m\nd\u00e4ge \u00feysses l\u00eefes (eo tempore, tunc), 197, 791, 807; gen. sg. d\u00e4ges, 1601,\n2321; hw\u00eel d\u00e4ges, _a day's time, a whole day_, 1496; d\u00e4ges and nihtes, _day\nand night_, 2270; d\u00e4ges, _by day_, 1936; dat. pl. on tyn dagum, _in ten\ndays_, 3161.--Comp. \u00e6r-, de\u00e1\u00f0-, ende-, ealdor-, fyrn-, ge\u00e2r-, l\u00e6n-, l\u00eef-,\nswylt-, win-d\u00e4g, an-d\u00e4ges.\n\nd\u00e4g-hw\u00eel, st. f., _day-time_: acc. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t he d\u00e4ghw\u00eela gedrogen h\u00e4fde\neor\u00f0an wynne, _that he had enjoyed earth's pleasures during the days_\n(appointed to him), i.e. that his life was finished, 2727.--(After Grein.)\n\nd\u00e4g-r\u00eem, st. n., _series of days, fixed number of days_: nom. sg. d\u00f4gera\nd\u00e4gr\u00eem (_number of the days of his life_), 824.\n\nd\u00e6d, st. f., _deed, action_: acc. sg. de\u00f3rl\u00eece d\u00e6d, 585; d\u00f4mle\u00e1san d\u00e6d,\n2891; fr\u00eacne d\u00e6de, 890; d\u00e6d, 941; acc. pl. Grendles d\u00e6da, 195; gen. pl.\nd\u00e6da, 181, 479, 2455, etc.; dat. pl. d\u00e6dum, 1228, 2437, etc.--Comp. ellen-,\nfyren-, lof-d\u00e6d.\n\nd\u00e6d-c\u00eane, adj., _bold in deed_: nom. sg. d\u00e6d-c\u00eane mon, 1646.\n\nd\u00e6d-fruma, w. m., _doer of deeds, doer_: nom. sg., of Grendel, 2091.\n\nd\u00e6d-bata, w. m., _he who pursues with his deeds_: nom. sg., of Grendel,\n275.\n\nd\u00e6dla, w. m., _doer_: in comp. m\u00e2n-for-d\u00e6dla.\n\nd\u00e6l, st. m., _part, portion_: acc. sg. d\u00e6l, 622, 2246, 3128; acc. pl.\nd\u00e6las, 1733.--Often d\u00e6l designates the portion of a thing or of a quality\nwhich belongs in general to an individual, as, \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t him on innan\noferhygda d\u00e6l weaxe\u00f0, _till in his bosom his portion of arrogance\nincreases_: i.e. whatever arrogance he has, his arrogance, 1741. Bi\u00f3wulfe\nwear\u00f0 dryhtm\u00e2\u00f0ma d\u00e6l de\u00e1\u00f0e, forgolden, _to Be\u00f3wulf his part of the splendid\ntreasures was paid with death_, i.e. whatever splendid treasures were\nallotted to him, whatever part of them he could win in the fight with the\ndragon, 2844; similarly, 1151, 1753, 2029, 2069, 3128.\n\nd\u00e6lan, w. v., _to divide, to bestow, to share with_, w. acc.: pres. sg.\nIII. m\u00e2dmas d\u00e6le\u00f0, 1757; pres. subj. \u00fe\u00e4t he wi\u00f0 agl\u00e6cean eofo\u00f0o d\u00e6le, _that\nhe bestow his strength upon_ (strive with) _the bringer of misery_ the\ndrake), 2535; inf. hringas d\u00e6lan, 1971; pret. be\u00e1gas d\u00e6lde, 80; sceattas\nd\u00e6lde, 1687.\n\nbe-d\u00e6lan, w. instr., _(to divide), to tear away from, to strip of_: pret.\npart. dre\u00e1mum (dre\u00e1me) bed\u00e6led, _deprived of the heavenly joys_ (of\nGrendel), 722, 1276.\n\nge-d\u00e6lan: 1) _to distribute_: inf. (w. acc. _of the thing distributed_);\nb\u00e6r on innan eall ged\u00e6lan geongum and ealdum swylc him god sealde,\n_distribute therein to young and old all that God had given him_, 71.--2)\n_to divide, to separate_, with acc.: inf. sundur ged\u00e6lan l\u00eef wi\u00f0 l\u00eece,\n_separate life from the body_, 2423; so pret. subj. \u00fe\u00e4t he ged\u00e6lde ... \u00e2nra\ngehwylces l\u00eef wi\u00f0 l\u00eece, 732.\n\ndenn (cf. denu, dene, vallis), st. n., _den, cave_: acc. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s wyrmes\ndenn, 2761; gen. sg. (draca) gew\u00e2t dennes ni\u00f3sian, 3046.\n\nge-defe, adj.: 1) (impersonal) _proper, appropriate_: nom. sg. sw\u00e2 hit\nged\u00eafe w\u00e4s (bi\u00f0), _as was appropriate, proper_, 561, 1671, 3176.--2) _good,\nkind, friendly_; nom sg. be\u00f3 \u00feu suna m\u00eenum d\u00e6dum ged\u00eafe, _be friendly to my\nson by deeds_ (support my son in deed, namely, when he shall have attained\nto the government), 1228.--Comp. un-ge-d\u00eafel\u00eece.\n\nd\u00eaman (see d\u00f4m), w. v.: 1) _to judge, to award justly_: pres. subj. m\u00e6r\u00f0o\nd\u00eame, 688.--2) _to judge favorably, to praise, to glorify_: pret. pl. his\nellenweorc dugu\u00f0um d\u00eamdon, _praised his heroic deed with all their might_,\n3176.\n\nd\u00eamend, _judge_: d\u00e6da d\u00eamend (of God), 181.\n\ndeal, adj., \"superbus, clarus, fretus\" (Grimm): nom. pl. \u00fery\u00f0um dealle,\n494.\n\nde\u00e1d, adj., _dead_: nom. sg. 467, 1324, 2373; acc. sg. de\u00e1dne, 1310.\n\nde\u00e1\u00f0, st. m., _death, dying_: nom. sg, de\u00e1\u00f0, 441, 447, etc.; acc. sg. de\u00e1\u00f0,\n2169; dat. sg. de\u00e1\u00f0e, 1389, 1590, (as instr.) 2844, 3046; gen. sg. de\u00e1\u00f0es\nwylm, 2270; de\u00e1\u00f0es n\u00fdd, 2455.--Comp. g\u00fb\u00f0-, w\u00e4l-, wundor-de\u00e1\u00f0.\n\nde\u00e1\u00f0-bed, st. n., _death-bed_: dat. sg. de\u00e1\u00f0-bedde f\u00e4st, 2902.\n\nde\u00e1\u00f0-cwalu, st. f., _violent death_, _ruin and death_: dat. pl. t\u00f4\nde\u00e1\u00f0-cwalum, 1713.\n\nde\u00e1\u00f0-cwealm, st. m., _violent death, murder_: nom. sg. 1671.\n\nde\u00e1\u00f0-d\u00e4g, st. m., _death-day, dying day_: dat. sg. \u00e4fter de\u00e1\u00f0-d\u00e4ge (_after\nhis death_), 187, 886.\n\nde\u00e1\u00f0-f\u00e6ge, adj., _given over to death_: nom. sg. (Grendel) de\u00e1\u00f0-f\u00e6ge de\u00f3g,\n_had hidden himself, being given over to death_ (mortally wounded), 851.\n\nde\u00e1\u00f0-sc\u00fba, w. m., _death-shadow, ghostly being, demon of death_: nom. sg.\ndeorc de\u00e1\u00f0-sc\u00fba (of Grendel), 160.\n\nde\u00e1\u00f0-w\u00earig, adj., _weakened by death_, i.e. dead: acc. sg. de\u00e1\u00f0-w\u00earigne,\n2126. See w\u00earig.\n\nde\u00e1\u00f0-w\u00eec, st. n. _death's house, home of death_: acc. sg. gew\u00e2t de\u00e1\u00f0w\u00eec\nse\u00f3n (_had died_), 1276.\n\nde\u00e1gan (O.H.G. pret. part. tougan, _hidden_), _to conceal one's self, to\nhide_: pret. (for pluperf.) de\u00f3g, 851.--Leo.\n\ndeorc, adj., _dark_: of the night, nom. sg. (nihthelm) deorc, 1791; dat.\npl. deorcum nihtum, 275, 2212; of the terrible Grendel, nom. sg. deorc\nde\u00e1\u00f0-sc\u00fba, 160.\n\nde\u00f3fol, st. m. n., _devil_: gen. sg. de\u00f3fles, 2089; gen. pl. de\u00f3fla, of\nGrendel and his troop, 757, 1681.\n\nde\u00f3gol, d\u00fdgol, adj., _concealed, hidden, inaccessible, beyond information,\nunknown_: nom. sg. de\u00f3gol d\u00e6dhata (of Grendel), 275; acc. sg. d\u00fdgel lond,\n_inaccessible land_, 1358.\n\nde\u00f3p, st. n., _deep, abyss_: acc. sg., 2550.\n\nde\u00f3p, adv. _deeply_: acc. sg. de\u00f3p w\u00e4ter, 509, 1905.\n\ndi\u00f3pe, adj., _deep_: hit \u00f4\u00f0 d\u00f4mes d\u00e4g di\u00f3pe benemdon \u00fee\u00f3dnas m\u00e6re, _the\nillustrious rulers had charmed it deeply till the judgment-day, had laid a\nsolemn spell upon it_, 3070.\n\nde\u00f3r, st. n., _animal, wild animal_: in comp. mere-, s\u00e6-de\u00f3r.\n\nde\u00f3r, adj.: 1) _wild, terrible_: nom. sg. di\u00f3r d\u00e6d-fruma (of Grendel),\n2091.--2) _bold, brave_: nom. n\u00e6nig ... de\u00f3r, 1934.--Comp.: hea\u00f0u-,\nhilde-de\u00f3r.\n\nde\u00f3re, d\u00fdre, adj.: 1) _dear, costly_ (high in price): acc. sg. d\u00fdre \u00eeren,\n2051; drincf\u00e4t d\u00fdre (de\u00f3re), 2307, 2255; instr. sg. de\u00f3ran sweorde, 561;\ndat. sg. de\u00f3rum m\u00e2\u00f0me, 1529; nom. pl. d\u00fdre swyrd, 3049; acc. pl. de\u00f3re\n(d\u00fdre) m\u00e2\u00f0mas, 2237, 3132.--2) _dear, beloved, worthy_: nom. sg. f., \u00e4\u00f0elum\ndi\u00f3re, _worthy by reason of origin_, 1950; dat. sg. \u00e4fter de\u00f3rum men, 1880;\ngen. sg. de\u00f3rre dugu\u00f0e, 488; superl. acc. sg. aldor\u00feegn \u00feone de\u00f3restan,\n1310.\n\nde\u00f3r-l\u00eec, adj., _bold, brave_: acc. sg. de\u00f3rl\u00eece d\u00e6d, 585. See de\u00f3r.\n\ndisc, st. m., _disc, plate, flat dish_: nom. acc. pl. discas, 2776, 3049.\n\nge-d\u00eegan. See ge-d\u00fdgan.\n\ndol-gilp, st. m., _mad boast, foolish pride, vain-glory, thoughtless\naudacity_: dat. sg. for dolgilpe, 509.\n\ndol-l\u00eec, adj., _audacious_: gen. pl. m\u00e6st ... d\u00e6da doll\u00eecra, 2647.\n\ndol-scea\u00f0a, w. m., _bold enemy_: acc. sg. \u00feone dol-sca\u00f0an (Grendel), 479.\n\nd\u00f4gor, st. m. n., _day_; 1) day as a period of 24 hours: gen. sg. ymb \u00e2nt\u00eed\n\u00f4\u00f0res d\u00f4gores, _at the same time of the next day_, 219; morgen-le\u00f3ht \u00f4\u00f0res\nd\u00f4gores, _the morning-light of the second day_, 606.--2) day in the usual\nsense: acc. sg. n. \u00feys d\u00f4gor, _during this day_, 1396; instr. \u00fe\u00fd d\u00f4gore,\n1798; forman d\u00f4gore, 2574; gen. pl. d\u00f4gora gehw\u00e2m, 88; d\u00f4gra gehwylce,\n1091; d\u00f4gera d\u00e4grim, _the number of his days_ (the days of his life),\n824.--3) _day_ in the wider sense of time: dat. pl. ufaran d\u00f4grum, _in\nlater days, times_, 2201, 2393.--Comp. ende-d\u00f4gor.\n\nd\u00f4gor-ger\u00eem, st. n., _series of days_: gen. sg. w\u00e4s eall sceacen\nd\u00f4gor-ger\u00eemes, _the whole number of his days_ (his life) _was past_, 2729.\n\nd\u00f4htor, st. f., _daughter_: nom. acc. sg. d\u00f4htor, 375, 1077, 1930, 1982,\netc.\n\nd\u00f4m, st. m.: I., _condition, state in general_; in comp. cyne-,\nwis-d\u00f4m.--II., having reference to justice, hence: 1) _judgment, judicial\nopinion_: instr. sg. weotena d\u00f4me, _according to the judgment of the\nWitan_, 1099. 2) _custom_: \u00e4fter d\u00f4me, _according to custom_, 1721. 3)\n_court, tribunal_: gen. sg. miclan d\u00f4mes, 979; \u00f4\u00f0 d\u00f4mes d\u00e4g, 3070, both\ntimes of the last judgment.--III., _condition of freedom_ or _superiority_,\nhence: 4) _choice, free will_: acc. sg. on s\u00eenne sylfes d\u00f4m, _according to\nhis own choice_, 2148; instr. sg. selfes d\u00f4me, 896, 2777. 5) _might,\npower_: nom. sg. d\u00f4m godes, 2859; acc. sg. Eofores \u00e2nne d\u00f4m, 2965; dat. sg.\ndrihtnes d\u00f4me, 441. 6) _glory, honor, renown_: nom. sg. [d\u00f4m], 955; d\u00f4m\nunlytel, _not a little glory_, 886; \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s forma s\u00ee\u00f0 de\u00f3rum m\u00e2\u00f0me \u00fe\u00e4t his\nd\u00f4m \u00e2l\u00e4g, _it was the first time to the dear treasure_ (the sword Hrunting)\n_that its fame was not made good_, 1529; acc. sg. ic me d\u00f4m gewyrce, _make\nrenown for myself_, 1492; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu ne \u00e2l\u00e6te d\u00f4m gedre\u00f3san, _that thou let not\nhonor fall_, 2667; dat. instr. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r he d\u00f4me forle\u00e1s, _here he lost his\nreputation_, 1471; d\u00f4me gewur\u00f0ad, _adorned with glory_, 1646; gen. sg.\nwyrce se \u00fee m\u00f4te d\u00f4mes, _let him make himself reputation, whoever is able_,\n1389. 7) _splendor_ (in heaven): acc. s\u00f4\u00f0-f\u00e4stra d\u00f4m, _the glory of the\nsaints_, 2821.\n\nd\u00f4m-le\u00e1s, adj., _without reputation, inglorious_: acc. sg. f. d\u00f4mle\u00e1san\nd\u00e6d, 2891.\n\nd\u00f4n, red. v., _to do, to make, to treat_: 1) absolutely: imp. d\u00f4\u00f0 sw\u00e2 ic\nbidde, _do as I beg_, 1232.--2) w. acc.: inf. h\u00eat hire selfre sunu on b\u00e6l\nd\u00f4n, 1117; pret. \u00fe\u00e2 he him of dyde \u00eesernbyrnan, _took off the iron\ncorselet_, 672; (\u00feonne) him H\u00fbnl\u00e2fing, ... billa s\u00ealest, on bearm dyde,\n_when he made a present to him of H\u00fbnl\u00e2fing, the best of swords_, 1145;\ndyde him of healse hring gyldenne, _took off the gold ring from his neck_,\n2810; ne him \u00fe\u00e4s wyrmes w\u00eeg for wiht dyde, eafo\u00f0 and ellen, _nor did he\nreckon as anything the drake's fighting, power, and strength_, 2349; pl. hi\non beorg dydon b\u00eag and siglu, _placed in the (grave-) mound rings and\nornaments_, 3165.--3) representing preceding verbs: inf. t\u00f4 Ge\u00e1tum sprec\nmildum wordum! sw\u00e2 sceal man d\u00f4n, _as one should do_, 1173; similarly,\n1535, 2167; pres. metod eallum we\u00f3ld, sw\u00e2 he nu git d\u00ea\u00f0, _the creator ruled\nover all, as he still does_, 1059; similarly, 2471, 2860, and (sg. for pl.)\n1135; pret. II. sw\u00e2 \u00feu \u00e6r dydest, 1677; III. sw\u00e2 he nu gyt dyde, 957;\nsimilarly, 1382, 1892, 2522; pl. sw\u00e2 hie oft \u00e6r dydon, 1239; similarly,\n3071. With the case also which the preceding verb governs: w\u00ean' ic \u00fe\u00e4t he\nwille ... Ge\u00e1tena le\u00f3de etan unforhte, sw\u00e2 he oft dyde m\u00e4gen Hr\u00ea\u00f0manna, _I\nbelieve he will wish to devour the Ge\u00e1t people, the fearless, as he often\ndid_ (devoured) _the bloom of the Hr\u00ea\u00f0men_, 444; gif ic \u00fe\u00e4t gefricge ...\n\u00fe\u00e4t \u00feec ymbesittend egesan \u00fe\u00fdwa\u00f0, sw\u00e2 \u00feec hetende hw\u00eelum dydon, _that the\nneighbors distress thee as once the enemy did thee_ (i.e. distressed),\n1829; gif ic \u00f4wihte m\u00e4g \u00fe\u00eenre m\u00f4d-lufan m\u00e2ran tilian \u00feonne ic gyt dyde, _if\nI can with anything obtain thy greater love than I have yet done_, 1825;\nsimilarly, pl. \u00feonne \u00fe\u00e2 dydon, 44.\n\nge-d\u00f4n, _to do, to make_, with the acc. and predicate adj.: prs. (god)\nged\u00ea\u00f0 him sw\u00e2 gewealdene worolde d\u00e6las, _makes the parts of the world_\n(i.e. the whole world) _so subject that ..._, 1733; inf. ne hyne on\nmedo-bence micles wyr\u00f0ne drihten wereda ged\u00f4n wolde, _nor would the leader\nof the people much honor him at the mead-banquet_, 2187. With adv.: he mec\n\u00fe\u00e6r on innan ... ged\u00f4n wolde, _wished to place me in there_, 2091.\n\ndraca, w. m., _drake, dragon_: nom. sg., 893, 2212; acc. sg. dracan, 2403,\n3132; gen. sg., 2089, 2291, 2550.--Comp.: eor\u00f0-, f\u00fdr-, l\u00eag-, l\u00eeg-,\nn\u00ee\u00f0-draca.\n\non-dr\u00e6dan, st. v., w. acc. of the thing and dat. of the pers., _to fear, to\nbe afraid of_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu him on-dr\u00e6dan ne \u00feearft ... aldorbealu, _needest\nnot fear death for them_, 1675; pret. n\u00f4 he him \u00fe\u00e2 s\u00e4cce ondr\u00ead, _was not\nafraid of the combat_, 2348.\n\nge-dr\u00e4g (from dragan, in the sense se gerere), st. n., _demeanor, actions_:\nacc. sg. s\u00eacan de\u00f3fla gedr\u00e4g, 757.\n\ndrepan, st. v., _to hit, to strike_: pret. sg. sweorde drep ferh\u00f0-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan,\n2881; pret. part. bi\u00f0 on hre\u00f0re ... drepen biteran str\u00e6le, _struck in the\nbreast with piercing arrow_, 1746; w\u00e4s in feorh dropen (_fatally hit_),\n2982.\n\ndrepe, st. m., _blow, stroke_: acc. sg. drepe, 1590.\n\ndr\u00eafan, ge-dr\u00eafan, w. v., _to move, to agitate, to stir up_: inf. gew\u00e2t ...\ndr\u00eafan de\u00f3p w\u00e4ter (_to navigate_), 1905; pret. part. w\u00e4ter under st\u00f4d\ndre\u00f3rig and gedr\u00eafed, 1418.\n\ndre\u00e1m, st. m., _rejoicing, joyous actions, joy_: nom. sg. h\u00e4le\u00f0a dre\u00e1m,\n497; acc. sg. dre\u00e1m hl\u00fbdne, 88; \u00feu ... dre\u00e1m healdende, _thou who livest in\nrejoicing_ (at the drinking-carouse), _who art joyous_, 1228: dat. instr.\nsg. dre\u00e1me bed\u00e6led, 1276; gen. pl. dre\u00e1ma le\u00e1s, 851; dat. pl. dre\u00e1mum (here\nadverbial) lifdon, _lived in rejoicing, joyously_, 99; dre\u00e1mum bed\u00e6led,\n722; the last may refer also to heavenly joys.--Comp. gle\u00f3-, gum-, man-,\nsele-dre\u00e1m.\n\ndre\u00e1m-le\u00e1s, adj., _without rejoicing, joyless_: nom. sg. of King Herem\u00f4d,\n1721.\n\ndre\u00f3gan, st. v.: 1) _to lead a life, to be in a certain condition_: pret.\ndre\u00e1h \u00e4fter d\u00f4me, _lived in honor, honorably_, 2180; pret. pl. fyren-\u00feearfe\nongeat, \u00fe\u00e4t hie \u00e6r drugon aldorle\u00e1se lange hwile, _(God) had seen the great\ndistress, (had seen) that they had lived long without a ruler_ (?), 15.--2)\n_to experience, to live through, to do, to make, to enjoy_: imp. dre\u00f3h\nsymbelwynne, _pass through the pleasure of the meal, to enjoy the meal_,\n1783; inf. driht-scype dre\u00f3gan (_do a heroic deed_), 1471; pret. sundnytte\ndre\u00e1h (_had the occupation of swimming_, i.e. swam through the sea), 2361;\npret. pl. hie gewin drugon (_fought_), 799; h\u00ee s\u00ee\u00f0 drugon, _made the way,\nwent_, 1967.--3) _to experience, to bear, to suffer_: scealt werh\u00f0o\ndre\u00f3gan, _shall suffer damnation_, 590; pret. \u00feegn-sorge dre\u00e1h, _bore\nsorrow for his heroes_, 131; nearo\u00feearfe dre\u00e1h, 422; pret. pl. inwidsorge\n\u00fee hie \u00e6r drugon, 832; similarly, 1859.\n\n\u00e2-dre\u00f3gan, _to suffer, to endure_: inf. wr\u00e6c \u00e2dre\u00f3gan, 3079.\n\nge-dre\u00f3gan, _to live through, to enjoy_, pret. part. \u00fe\u00e4t he ... gedrogen\nh\u00e4fde eor\u00f0an wynne, _that he had now enjoyed the pleasures of earth_ (i.e.\nthat he was at his death), 2727.\n\ndre\u00f3r, st. m., _blood dropping or flowing from wounds_: instr. sg. dre\u00f3re,\n447.--Comp. heoru-, s\u00e2wul-, w\u00e4l-dre\u00f3r.\n\ndre\u00f3r-f\u00e2h, adj., _colored with blood, spotted with blood_: nom. sg. 485.\n\ndre\u00f3rig, adj., _bloody, bleeding_: nom. sg. w\u00e4ter st\u00f4d dre\u00f3rig, 1418; acc.\nsg. dryhten s\u00eenne dri\u00f3rigne fand, 2790.--Comp. heoru-dre\u00f3rig.\n\nge-dre\u00f3san, st. v., _to fall down, to sink_: pres. sg. III. l\u00eec-homa l\u00e6ne\ngedre\u00f3se\u00f0, _the body, belonging to death, sinks down_, 1755; inf. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu ne\n\u00e2l\u00e6te d\u00f4m gedre\u00f3san, _honor fall, sink_, 2667.\n\ndrincan, st. v., _to drink_ (with and without the acc.): pres. part. nom.\npl. ealo drincende, 1946; pret. bl\u00f4d \u00eadrum dranc, _drank the blood in\nstreams_(?), 743; pret. pl. druncon w\u00een weras, _the men drank wine_, 1234;\n\u00fe\u00e6r guman druncon, _where the men drank_, 1649. The pret. part., when it\nstands absolutely, has an active sense: nom. pl. druncne dryhtguman, _ye\nwarriors who have drunk, are drinking_, 1232; acc. pl. nealles druncne sl\u00f4g\nheor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tas, _slew not his hearth-companions who had drunk with him_,\ni.e. at the banquet, 2180. With the instr. it means _drunken_: nom. sg.\nbe\u00f3re (w\u00eene) druncen, 531, 1468; nom. pl. be\u00f3re druncne, 480.\n\ndr\u00eefan, st. v., _to drive_: pres. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fee brentingas ofer fl\u00f4da genipu\nfeorran dr\u00eefa\u00f0, _who drive their ships thither from afar over the darkness\nof the sea_, 2809; inf. (w. acc.) \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee he [ne] meahte on mere dr\u00eefan\nhringedstefnan, _although he could not drive the ship on the sea_, 1131.\n\nto-dr\u00eefan, _to drive apart, to disperse_: pret. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t unc fl\u00f4d t\u00f4dr\u00e2f,\n545.\n\ndrohto\u00f0, st. m., _mode of living_ or _acting, calling, employment_: nom.\nsg. ne w\u00e4s his drohto\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r swylce he \u00e6r gem\u00eatte, _there was no employment\nfor him_ (Grendel) _there such as he had found formerly_, 757.\n\ndrusian, w. v. (cf. dre\u00f3san, properly, _to be ready to fall_; here of\nwater), _to stagnate, to be putrid_. pret. lagu drusade (through the blood\nof Grendel and his mother), 1631.\n\ndryht, driht, st. f., _company, troop, band of warriors; noble band_: in\ncomp. mago-driht.\n\nge-dryht, ge-driht, st. f., _troop, band of noble warriors_: nom. sg. m\u00eenra\neorla gedryht, 431; acc. sg. \u00e4\u00f0elinga gedriht, 118; mid his eorla (h\u00e4le\u00f0a)\ngedriht (gedryht), 357, 663; similarly, 634, 1673.--Comp. sibbe-gedriht.\n\ndryht-bearn, st. n., _youth from a noble warrior band, noble young man_:\nnom. sg. dryhtbearn Dena, 2036.\n\ndryhten, drihten, st. m., _commander, lord_: a) _temporal lord_: nom. sg.\ndryhten, 1485, 2001, etc.; drihten, 1051; dat. dryhtne, 2483, etc.;\ndryhten, 1832.--b) _God_: nom. drihten, 108, etc.; dryhten, 687, etc.; dat.\nsg. dryhtne, 1693, etc.; drihtne, 1399, etc.; gen. sg. dryhtnes, 441;\ndrihtnes, 941.--Comp.: fre\u00e1-, fre\u00f3-, gum-, man-, sige-, wine-dryhten.\n\ndryht-guma, w. m., _one of a troop of warriors, noble warrior_: dat. sg.\ndrihtguman, 1389; nom. pl. drihtguman, 99; dryhtguman, 1232; dat. pl. ofer\ndryhtgumum, 1791 (of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's warriors).\n\ndryht-l\u00eec, adj., _(that which befits a noble troop of warriors), noble,\nexcellent_: dryhtl\u00eec \u00eeren, _excellent sword_, 893; acc. sg. f. (with an\nacc. sg. n.) drihtl\u00eece w\u00eef (of Hildeburh), 1159.\n\ndryht-m\u00e2\u00f0um, st. m., _excellent jewel, splendid treasure_: gen. pl.\ndryhtm\u00e2\u00f0ma, 2844.\n\ndryht-scipe, st. m., _(lord-ship) warlike virtue, bravery; heroic deed_:\nacc. sg. drihtscype dre\u00f3gan, _to do a heroic deed_, 1471.\n\ndryht-sele, st. m., _excellent, splendid hall_: nom. sg. driht-sele, 485;\ndryhtsele, 768; acc. sg. dryhtsele, 2321.\n\ndryht-sib, st. f., _peace_ or _friendship between troops of noble\nwarriors_: gen. sg. dryhtsibbe, 2069.\n\ndrync, st. m., _drink_: in comp. heoru-drync.\n\ndrync-f\u00e4t, st. n., _vessel for drink, to receive the drink_: acc. sg.,\n2255; drinc-f\u00e4t, 2307.\n\ndrysmian, w. v., _to become obscure, gloomy_ (through the falling rain):\npres. sg. III. lyft drysma\u00f0, 1376.\n\ndrysne, adj. See on-drysne.\n\ndugan, v., _to avail, to be capable, to be good_: pres. sg. III. h\u00fbru se\naldor de\u00e1h, _especially is the prince capable_, 369; \u00f0onne his ellen de\u00e1h,\n_if his strength avails, is good_, 573; \u00fee him selfa de\u00e1h, _who is capable\nof himself, who can rely on himself_, 1840; pres. subj. \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fe\u00een wit duge,\n_though, indeed, your understanding be good, avail_, 590; similarly, 1661,\n2032; pret. sg. \u00feu \u00fbs wel dohtest, _you did us good, conducted yourself\nwell towards us_, 1822; similarly, nu se\u00f3 hand lige\u00f0 se \u00fee e\u00f3w welhwylcra\nwilna dohte, _which was helpful to each one of your desires_, 1345; pret.\nsubj. \u00fee\u00e1h \u00feu hea\u00f0or\u00e6sa gehw\u00e6r dohte, _though thou wast everywhere strong\nin battle_, 526.\n\ndugu\u00f0 (_state of being fit, capable_), st. f.: 1) _capability, strength_:\ndat. pl. for duge\u00f0um, _in ability_(?), 2502; dugu\u00f0um d\u00eamdon, _praised with\nall their might_(?), 3176.--2) _men capable of bearing arms, band of\nwarriors_, esp., _noble warriors_: nom. sg. dugu\u00f0 unlytel, 498; dugu\u00f0,\n1791, 2255; dat. sg. for dugu\u00f0e, _before the heroes_, 2021; nalles fr\u00e4twe\ngeaf ealdor dugu\u00f0e, _gave the band of heroes no treasure_ (more), 2921;\nle\u00f3da dugu\u00f0e on l\u00e2st, _upon the track of the heroes of the people_, i.e.\nafter them, 2946; gen. sg. c\u00fb\u00f0e he dugu\u00f0e \u00fee\u00e1w, _the custom of the noble\nwarriors_, 359; de\u00f3rre dugu\u00f0e, 488; similarly, 2239, 2659; acc. pl. dugu\u00f0a,\n2036.--3) contrasted with geogo\u00f0, dugu\u00f0 designates the noted warriors of\nnoble birth (as in the Middle Ages, knights in contrast with squires): so\ngen. sg. dugu\u00f0e and geogo\u00f0e, 160; gehwylc ... dugu\u00f0e and iogo\u00f0e, 1675;\ndugu\u00f0e and geogo\u00f0e d\u00e6l \u00e6ghwylcne, 622.\n\ndurran, v. pret. and pres. _to dare_; prs. sg. II. \u00feu dearst b\u00eedan, _darest\nto await_, 527; III. he ges\u00eacean dear, 685; pres. subj. s\u00eac gyf \u00feu dyrre,\n_seek_ (Grendel's mother), _if thou dare_, 1380; pret. dorste, 1463, 1469,\netc.; pl. dorston, 2849.\n\nduru, st. f., _door, gate, wicket_: nom. sg., 722; acc. sg. [duru], 389.\n\nge-d\u00fbfan, st. v., _to dip in, to sink into_: pret. \u00fe\u00e4t sweord gede\u00e1f (_the\nsword sank into the drake_, of a blow), 2701.\n\n\u00feurh-d\u00fbfan, _to dive through; to swim through, diving_: pret. w\u00e4ter up\n\u00feurh-de\u00e1f, _swam through the water upwards_ (because he was before at the\nbottom), 1620.\n\ndwellan, w. v., _to mislead, to hinder_: prs. III. n\u00f4 hine wiht dwele\u00f0, \u00e2dl\nne yldo, _him nothing misleads, neither sickness nor age_, 1736.\n\ndyhtig, adj., _useful, good for_: nom. sg. n. sweord ... ecgum dyhtig,\n1288.\n\ndynnan, w. v., _to sound, to groan, to roar_: pret. dryhtsele (healwudu,\nhruse) dynede, 768, 1318, 2559.\n\ndyrne, adj.: 1) _concealed, secret, retired_: nom. sg. dyrne, 271; acc. sg.\ndryhtsele dyrnne (of the drake's cave-hall), 2321.--2) _secret, malicious,\nhidden by sorcery_: dat. instr. sg. dyrnan cr\u00e4fte, _with secret magic art_,\n2291; dyrnum cr\u00e4fte, 2169; gen. pl. dyrnra g\u00e2sta, _of malicious spirits_\n(of Grendel's kin), 1358.--Comp. un-dyrne.\n\ndyrne, adv., _in secret, secretly_: him ...\u00e4fter de\u00f3rum men dyrne langa\u00f0,\n_longs in secret for the dear man_, 1880.\n\ndyrstig, adj., _bold, daring_: \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee he d\u00e6da gehw\u00e4s dyrstig w\u00e6re,\n_although he had been courageous for every deed_, 2839.\n\nge-d\u00fdgan, ge-d\u00eegan, w. v., _to endure, to overcome_, with the acc. of the\nthing endured: pres. sg. II. gif \u00feu \u00fe\u00e4t ellenweorc aldre ged\u00eegest, _if thou\nsurvivest the heroic work with thy life_, 662; III. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feone hilder\u00e6s h\u00e2l\nged\u00eege\u00f0, _that he survives the battle in safety_, 300; similarly, inf.\nunf\u00e6ge ged\u00eegan we\u00e1n and wr\u00e4cs\u00ee\u00f0, 2293; hw\u00e4\u00f0er s\u00eal m\u00e6ge wunde ged\u00fdgan,\n_which of the two can stand the wounds better_ (come off with life), 2532;\nne meahte unbyrnende de\u00f3p ged\u00fdgan, _could not endure the deep without\nburning_ (could not hold out in the deep), 2550; pret. sg. I. III.\nge-d\u00eegde, 578, 1656, 2351, 2544.\n\nd\u00fdgol. See de\u00f3gol.\n\nd\u00fdre. See de\u00f3re.\n\n\nE\n\necg, st. f., _edge of the sword, point_: nom. sg. sweordes ecg, 1107; ecg,\n1525, etc.; acc. sg. wi\u00f0 ord and wi\u00f0 ecge ingang forst\u00f4d, _defended the\nentrance against point and edge_ (i.e. against spear and sword), 1550;\nm\u00eaces ecge, 1813; nom. pl. ecge, 1146.--_Sword, battle-axe, any cutting\nweapon_: nom. sg. ne w\u00e4s ecg bona (_not the sword killed him_), 2507; si\u00f3\necg br\u00fbn (Be\u00f3wulf's sword N\u00e4gling), 2578; hyne ecg fornam, _the sword\nsnatched him away_, 2773, etc.; nom. pl. ecga, 2829; dat. pl. \u00e4scum and\necgum, 1773; dat. pl. (but denoting only one sword) e\u00e1cnum ecgum, 2141;\ngen. pl. ecga, 483, 806, 1169;--_blade_: ecg w\u00e4s \u00eeren, 1460.--Comp.: br\u00fbn-,\nheard-, st\u00fdl-ecg, adj.\n\necg-bana, w. m., _murderer by the sword_: dat. sg. Cain wear\u00f0 t\u00f4 ecg-banan\n\u00e2ngan br\u00ea\u00f0er, 1263.\n\necg-hete, st. m., _sword-hate, enmity which the sword carries out_: nom.\nsg., 84, 1739.\n\necg-\u00feracu, st. f., _sword-storm_ (of violent combat): acc. atole ecg-\u00fer\u00e4ce,\n597.\n\ned-hwyrft, st. m., _return_ (of a former condition): \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00f4na wear\u00f0\nedhwyrft eorlum, si\u00f0\u00f0an inne fealh Grendles m\u00f4dor (i.e. after Grendel's\nmother had penetrated into the hall, the former perilous condition, of the\ntime of the visits of Grendel, returned to the men), 1282.\n\ned-wendan, w. v., _to turn back, to yield, to leave off_: inf. gyf him\nedwendan \u00e6fre scolde bealuwa bisigu, _if for him the affliction of evil\nshould ever cease_, 280.\n\ned-wenden, st. f., _turning, change_: nom. sg. edwenden, 1775; ed-wenden\ntorna gehwylces (_reparation for former neglect_), 2189.\n\nedw\u00eet-l\u00eef, st. n., _life in disgrace_: nom. sg., 2892.\n\nefn, adj., _even, like_, with preceding on, and with depend. dat., _upon\nthe same level, near_: him on efn lige\u00f0 ealdorgewinna, _lies near him_,\n2904.\n\nefnan (see \u00e4fnan) w. v., _to carry out, to perform, to accomplish_: pres.\nsubj. eorlscype efne (_accomplish knightly deeds_), 2536; inf. eorlscipe\nefnan, 2623; sweorda gel\u00e2c efnan (_to battle_), 1042; gerund. t\u00f4 efnanne,\n1942; pret. eorlscipe efnde, 2134, 3008.\n\nefne, adv., _even, exactly, precisely, just_, united with sw\u00e2 or swylc:\nefne sw\u00e2 sw\u00ee\u00f0e sw\u00e2, _just so much as_, 1093; efne sw\u00e2 s\u00eede sw\u00e2, 1224; w\u00e4s\nse gryre l\u00e4ssa efne sw\u00e2 micle sw\u00e2, _by so much the less as ..._, 1284;\nle\u00f3ht inne st\u00f4d efne sw\u00e2 ... sc\u00eene\u00f0, _a gleam stood therein_ (in the sword)\n_just as when ... shines_, 1572; efne sw\u00e2 hwylc m\u00e4g\u00f0a sw\u00e2 \u00feone magan cende\n(_a woman who has borne such a son_), 944; efne sw\u00e2 hwylcum manna sw\u00e2 him\ngemet \u00fe\u00fbhte, _to just such a man as seemed good to him_, 3058; efne swylce\nm\u00e6la swylce ... \u00feearf ges\u00e6lde, _just at the times at which necessity\ncommanded it_, 1250.\n\neft, adv.: l) _thereupon, afterwards_: 56, 1147, 2112, 3047, etc.; eft s\u00f4na\nbi\u00f0, _then it happens immediately_, 1763; b\u00f4t eft cuman, _help come again_,\n281.--2) _again, on the other side_: \u00fe\u00e4t hine on ylde eft gewunigen\nwilges\u00ee\u00f0as, _that in old age again_ (also on their side) _willing\ncompanions should be attached to him_, 22;--_anew, again_: 135, 604, 693,\n1557, etc.; eft sw\u00e2 \u00e6r, _again as formerly_, 643.--3) retro, rursus,\n_back_: 123, 296, 854, etc.; \u00fe\u00e4t hig \u00e4\u00f0elinges eft ne w\u00eandon (_did not\nbelieve that he would come back_), 1597.\n\neft-cyme, st. m., _return_: gen. sg. eftcymes, 2897.\n\neft-s\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _journey back, return_: acc. sg. 1892; gen. sg. eft-s\u00ee\u00f0es\ngeorn, 2784; acc. pl. efts\u00ee\u00f0as te\u00e1h, _went the road back_, i.e. returned,\n1333.\n\negesa, egsa (_state of terror_, active or passive): l) _frightfulness_:\nacc. sg. \u00feurh egsan, 276; gen. egesan ne g\u00fdme\u00f0, _cares for nothing\nterrible, is not troubled about future terrors_(?), 1758.--2) _terror,\nhorror, fear_: nom. sg. egesa, 785; instr. sg. egesan, 1828, 2737.--Comp.:\ngl\u00ead-, l\u00eeg-, w\u00e4ter-egesa.\n\neges-full, adj., _horrible (full of fear, fearful)_, 2930.\n\neges-l\u00eec, adj., _terrible, bringing terror_: of Grendel's head, 1650; of\nthe beginning of the fight with the drake, 2310; of the drake, 2826.\n\negle, adj., _causing aversion, hideous_: nom. pl. neut., or, more probably,\nperhaps, adverbial, egle (MS. egl), 988.\n\negsian (denominative from egesa), w. v., _to have terror, distress_: pret.\n(as pluperf.) egsode eorl(?), 6.\n\nehtian, w. v., _to esteem, to make prominent with praise_: III. pl. pres.\n\u00fe\u00e4t \u00fee ... weras ehtiga\u00f0, _that thee men shall esteem, praise_, 1223.\n\nelde (_those who generate_, cf. O.N. al-a, generare), st. m. only in the\npl., _men_: dat. pl. eldum, 2215; mid eldum, _among men_, 2612.--See ylde.\n\neldo, st. f., _age_: instr. sg. eldo gebunden, 2112.\n\nel-land, st. n., _foreign land, exile_: acc. sg. sceall ... elland tredan,\n(_shall be banished_), 3020.\n\nellen, st. n., _strength, heroic strength, bravery_: nom. sg. ellen, 573;\neafo\u00f0 and ellen, 903; Ge\u00e1ta ... eafo\u00f0 and ellen, 603; acc. sg. eafo\u00f0 and\nellen, 2350; ellen c\u00fd\u00f0an, _show bravery_, 2696; ellen fremedon, _exercised\nheroic strength, did heroic deeds_, 3; similarly, ic gefremman sceal eorl\u00eec\nellen, 638; ferh ellen wr\u00e4c, _life drove out the strength_, i.e. with the\ndeparting life (of the dragon) his strength left him, 2707; dat. sg. on\nelne, 2507, 2817; as instr. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s \u00e4t \u00feam geongum grim andswaru \u00ea\u00f0beg\u00eate\n\u00fe\u00e2m \u00fee \u00e6r his elne forle\u00e1s, _then it was easy for_ (every one of) _those\nwho before had lost his hero-courage, to obtain rough words from the young\nman_ (W\u00eegl\u00e2f), 2862; mid elne, 1494, 2536; elne, alone, in adverbial sense,\n_strongly, zealously_, and with the nearly related meaning, _hurriedly,\ntransiently_, 894, 1098, 1968, 2677, 2918; gen. sg. elnes l\u00e4t, 1530; \u00fe\u00e2 him\nw\u00e4s elnes \u00feearf, 2877.--Comp. m\u00e4gen-ellen.\n\nellen-d\u00e6d, st. f., _heroic deed_: dat. pl. -d\u00e6dum, 877, 901.\n\nellen-g\u00e6st, st. m., _strength-spirit, demon with heroic strength_: nom. sg.\nof Grendel, 86.\n\nellen-l\u00eece, adv., _strongly, with heroic strength_, 2123.\n\nellen-m\u00e6r\u00f0u, st. f., _renown of heroic strength_, dat. pl. -m\u00e6r\u00f0um, 829,\n1472.\n\nellen-r\u00f4f, adj., _renowned for strength_: nom. sg. 340, 358, 3064; dat. pl.\n-r\u00f4fum, 1788.\n\nellen-se\u00f3c, adj., _infirm in strength_: acc. sg. \u00fee\u00f3den ellensi\u00f3cne (_the\nmortally wounded king, Be\u00f3wulf_), 2788.\n\nellen-weorc, st. n., (_strength-work_), _heroic deed, achievement in\nbattle_: acc. sg. 662, 959, 1465, etc.; gen. pl. ellen-weorca, 2400.\n\nelles, adv., _else, otherwise_: a (modal), _in another manner_, 2521.--b\n(local), elles hw\u00e6r, _somewhere else_, 138; elles hwergen, 2591.\n\nellor, adv., _to some other place_, 55, 2255.\n\nellor-g\u00e2st, -g\u00e6st, st. m., _spirit living elsewhere_ (standing outside of\nthe community of mankind): nom. sg. se ellorg\u00e2st (Grendel), 808; (Grendel's\nmother), 1622; ellorg\u00e6st (Grendel's mother), 1618; acc. pl. ellorg\u00e6stas,\n1350.\n\nellor-s\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _departure, death_: nom. sg. 2452.\n\nelra, adj. (comparative of a not existing form, ele, Goth. aljis, alius),\n_another_: dat. sg. on elran men, 753.\n\nel-\u00fee\u00f3dig, adj., _of another people: foreign_: acc. pl. el-\u00fee\u00f3dige men,\n336.\n\nende, st. m., _the extreme_: hence, 1) _end_: nom. sg. aldres (l\u00eefes) ende,\n823, 2845; \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t ende becwom (scil. unrihtes), 1255; acc. sg. ende\nl\u00eefgesceafta (l\u00eefes, l\u00e6n-daga), 3064, 1387, 2343; h\u00e4fde eor\u00f0scrafa ende\ngenyttod, _had used the end of the earth-caves_ (had made use of the caves\nfor the last time), 3047; dat. sg. ealdres (l\u00eefes) \u00e4t ende, 2791, 2824;\neoletes \u00e4t ende, 224.--2) _boundary_: acc. sg. s\u00eede r\u00eece \u00fe\u00e4t he his selfa\nne m\u00e4g ... ende ge\u00feencean, _the wide realm, so that he himself cannot\ncomprehend its boundaries_, 1735.--3) _summit, head_: dat. sg. eorlum on\nende, _to the nobles at the end_ (the highest courtiers), 2022.--Comp.\nworuld-ende.\n\nende-d\u00e4g, st. m., _last day, day of death_: nom. sg. 3036; acc. sg. 638.\n\nende-d\u00f4gor, st. m., _last day, day of death_: gen. sg. bega on w\u00eanum\nended\u00f4gores and eftcymes le\u00f3tes monnes (_hesitating between the belief in\nthe death and in the return of the dear man_), 2897.\n\nende-l\u00e2f, st. f., _last remnant_: nom. sg. \u00feu eart ende-l\u00e2f \u00fbsses cynnes,\n_art the last of our race_, 2814.\n\nende-le\u00e1n, st. n., _final reparation_: acc. sg. 1693.\n\nende-s\u00e6ta, w. m., _he who sits on the border, boundary-guard_: nom. sg.\n(here of the strand-watchman), 241.\n\nende-st\u00e4f, st. m. (elementum finis), _end_: acc. sg. hit on endest\u00e4f eft\ngelimpe\u00f0, _then it draws near to the end_, 1754.\n\nge-endian, w. v., _to end_: pret. part. ge-endod, 2312.\n\nenge, adj., _narrow_: acc. pl. enge \u00e2npa\u00f0as, _narrow paths_, 1411.\n\nent, st. m., _giant_: gen. pl. enta \u00e6r-geweorc (the sword-hilt out of the\ndwelling-place of Grendel), 1680; enta geweorc (the dragon's cave), 2718;\neald-enta \u00e6r-geweorc (the costly things in the dragon's cave), 2775.\n\nentisc, adj., _coming from giants_: acc. sg. entiscne helm, 2980.\n\netan, st. v., _to eat, to consume_: pres. sg. III. bl\u00f4dig w\u00e4l ... ete\u00f0\n\u00e2n-genga, _he that goes alone_ (Grendel) _will devour the bloody corpse_,\n448; inf. Ge\u00e1tena le\u00f3de ... etan, 444.\n\n\u00feurh-etan, _to eat through_: pret. part. pl. nom. swyrd ... \u00feurhetone,\n_swords eaten through_ (by rust), 3050.\n\n\n\u00ca\n\n\u00eac. See e\u00e1c.\n\n\u00eace, adj., _everlasting_; nom. \u00eace drihten (God), 108; acc. sg. \u00eace\neor\u00f0reced, _the everlasting earth-hall_ (the dragon's cave), 2720; gece\u00e1s\n\u00eacne r\u00e6d, _chose the everlasting gain_ (died), 1202; dat. sg. \u00eacean\ndryhtne, 1693, 1780, 2331; acc. pl. gece\u00f3s \u00eace r\u00e6das, 1761.\n\n\u00eadre. See \u00e6dre.\n\n\u00ea\u00f0-beg\u00eate, adj., _easy to obtain, ready_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s \u00e4t \u00feam geongum\ngrim andswaru \u00ea\u00f0-beg\u00eate, _then from the young man_ (W\u00eegl\u00e2f) _it was an easy\nthing to get a gruff answer_, 2862.\n\n\u00ea\u00f0e. See e\u00e1\u00f0e.\n\n\u00ea\u00f0el, st. m., _hereditary possessions, hereditary estate_: acc. sg. sw\u00e6sne\n\u00ea\u00f0el, 520; dat. sg. on \u00ea\u00f0le, 1731.--In royal families the hereditary\npossession is the whole realm: hence, acc. sg. \u00ea\u00f0el Scyldinga, _of the\nkingdom of the Scyldings_, 914; (Offa) w\u00eesd\u00f4me he\u00f3ld \u00ea\u00f0el s\u00eenne, _ruled\nwith wisdom his inherited kingdom_, 1961.\n\n\u00ea\u00f0el-riht, st. n., _hereditary privileges_ (rights that belong to a\nhereditary estate): nom. sg. eard \u00ea\u00f0el-riht, _estate and inherited\nprivileges_, 2199.\n\n\u00ea\u00f0el-st\u00f4l, st. m., _hereditary seat, inherited throne_: acc. pl.\n\u00ea\u00f0el-st\u00f4las, 2372.\n\n\u00ea\u00f0el-turf, st. f., _inherited ground, hereditary estate_: dat. sg. on m\u00eenre\n\u00ea\u00f0eltyrf, 410.\n\n\u00ea\u00f0el-weard, st. m., _lord of the hereditary estate_ (realm): nom. sg.\n\u00ea\u00f0elweard (_king_), 1703, 2211; dat. sg. E\u00e1st-Dena \u00ea\u00f0el wearde (King\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 617.\n\n\u00ea\u00f0el-wyn, st. f., _joy in_, or _enjoyment of, hereditary possessions_: nom.\nsg. nu sceal ... eall \u00ea\u00f0elwyn e\u00f3wrum cynne, lufen \u00e2licgean, _now shall your\nrace want all home-joy, and subsistence_(?) (your race shall be banished\nfrom its hereditary abode), 2886; acc. sg. he me lond forgeaf, eard\n\u00ea\u00f0elwyn, _presented me with land, abode, and the enjoyment of home_, 2494.\n\n\u00ea\u00f0-ges\u00fdne, \u00fd\u00f0-ges\u00eane, adj., _easy to see, visible to all_: nom. sg. 1111,\n1245.\n\n\u00eafstan, w. v., _to be in haste, to hasten_: inf. uton nu \u00eafstan, _let us\nhurry now_, 3102; pret. \u00eafste mid elne, _hastened with heroic strength_,\n1494.\n\n\u00eag-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: acc. sg. ofer \u00eag-clif (ecg-clif, MS.), 2894.\n\n\u00eag-stre\u00e1m, st. m., _sea-stream, sea-flood_: dat. pl. on \u00eag-stre\u00e1mum, _in\nthe sea-floods_, 577. See e\u00e1gor-stre\u00e1m.\n\n\u00eahtan (M.H.G. \u00e6chten; cf. \u00e6ht and ge-\u00e6htla), w. v. w. gen., _to be a\npursuer, to pursue_: pres. part. \u00e4gl\u00e6ca \u00eahtende w\u00e4s dugu\u00f0e and geogo\u00f0e,\n159; pret. pl. \u00eahton agl\u00e6can, _they pursued the bringer of sorrow_\n(Be\u00f3wulf)(?), 1513.\n\n\u00east, st. m. f., _favor, grace, kindness_: acc. sg. he him \u00east gete\u00e1h meara\nand m\u00e2\u00f0ma (_honored him with horses and jewels_), 2166; gearwor h\u00e4fde\n\u00e2gendes \u00east \u00e6r gesce\u00e1wod, _would rather have seen the grace of the Lord_\n(of God) _sooner_, 3076.--dat. pl., adverbial, libenter: him on folce\nhe\u00f3ld, \u00eastum mid \u00e2re, 2379; \u00eastum ge\u00fdwan (_to present_), 2150; him w\u00e4s ...\nwunden gold \u00eastum gee\u00e1wed (_presented_), 1195; we \u00fe\u00e4t ellenweorc \u00eastum\nmiclum fremedon, 959.\n\n\u00easte, adj., _gracious_: w. gen. \u00easte bearn-gebyrdo, _gracious through the\nbirth_ (of such a son as Be\u00f3wulf), 946.\n\n\nEA\n\neafo\u00f0, st. n., _power, strength_: nom, sg. eafo\u00f0 and ellen, 603, 903; acc.\nsg. eafo\u00f0 and ellen, 2350; we fr\u00eacne gen\u00ea\u00f0don eafo\u00f0 unc\u00fb\u00f0es, _we have\nboldly ventured against the strength of the enemy_ (Grendel) _have\nwithstood him_, 961; gen. sg. eafo\u00f0es cr\u00e4ftig, 1467; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feec \u00e2dl o\u00f0\u00f0e ecg\neafo\u00f0es getw\u00e6fed, _shall rob of strength_, 1764; acc. pl. eafe\u00f0o (MS.\nearfe\u00f0o) [This reading cancelled. See note to l. 534--KTH], 534; dat. pl.\nhine mihtig god ... eafe\u00f0um st\u00eapte, _made him great through strength_,\n1718. See Note for l. 534.\n\neafor, st. m., _boar_; here the image of the boar as banner: acc. sg.\neafor, 2153.\n\neafora (_offspring_), w. m.: 1) _son_: nom. sg. eafera, 12, 898; eafora,\n375; acc. sg. eaferan, 1548, 1848; gen. sg. eafera, 19; nom. pl. eaferan,\n2476; dat. pl. eaferum, 1069, 2471; uncran eaferan, 1186.--2) in broader\nsense, _successor_: dat. pl. eaforum, 1711.\n\neahta, num., _eight_: acc. pl. eahta mearas, 1036; eode eahta sum, _went as\none of eight, with seven others_, 3124.\n\neahtian, w. v.: 1) _to consider; to deliberate_: pret. pl. w. acc. r\u00e6d\neahtedon, _consulted about help_, 172; pret. sg. (for the plural) \u00feone\ns\u00ealestan \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee mid Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re h\u00e2m eahtode, _the best one of those who with\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r deliberated about their home_ (ruled), 1408.--2) _to speak with\nreflection of_ (along with the idea of praise): pret. pl. eahtodan\neorlscipe, _spoke of his noble character_, 3175.\n\neal, eall, adj., _all, whole_: nom. sg. werod eall, 652; pl. eal benc\u00feelu,\n486; sg. eall \u00ea\u00f0elwyn, 2886; eal worold, 1739, etc.; \u00fe\u00e4t hit wear\u00f0 eal\ngearo, heal\u00e4rna m\u00e6st, 77; \u00fe\u00e4t hit (w\u00eegbil) eal gemealt, 1609. And with a\nfollowing genitive: \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s eal geador Grendles gr\u00e2pe, _there was all\ntogether Grendel's hand, the whole hand of Grendel_, 836; eall ... lissa,\n_all favor_, 2150; w\u00e4s eall sceacen d\u00f4gorger\u00eemes, 2728. With apposition:\n\u00fe\u00fbhte him eall t\u00f4 r\u00fbm, wongas and w\u00eecstede, 2462; acc. sg. be\u00f3t eal, 523;\nsimilarly, 2018, 2081; onc\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e ealle, _all distress_, 831; heals ealne,\n2692; hl\u00e6w ... ealne \u00fbtan-weardne, 2298; gif he \u00fe\u00e4t eal gemon, 1186, 2428;\n\u00fe\u00e4t eall geondseh, recedes geatwa, 3089; ealne w\u00eede-ferh\u00f0, _through the\nwhole wide life, through all time_, 1223; instr. sg. ealle m\u00e4gene, _with\nall strength_, 2668; dat. sg. eallum ... manna cynne, 914; gen. sg. ealles\nmoncynnes, 1956. Subst. ic \u00fe\u00e4s ealles m\u00e4g ... gefe\u00e1n habban, 2740; br\u00fbc\nealles well, 2163; fre\u00e1n ealles \u00feanc secge, _give thanks to the Lord of\nall_, 2795; nom. pl. untydras ealle, 111; sce\u00f3tend ... ealle, 706; we\nealle, 942; acc. pl. fe\u00f3nd ealle, 700; similarly, 1081, 1797, 2815; subst.\nofer ealle, 650; ealle hie de\u00e1\u00f0 fornam, 2237; l\u00eeg ealle forswealg \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee\n\u00fe\u00e6r g\u00fb\u00f0 fornam, _all of those whom the war had snatched away_, 1123; dat.\npl. eallum ceaster-b\u00fbendum, 768; similarly, 824, 907, 1418; subst. \u00e2na wi\u00f0\neallum, _one against all_, 145; with gen. eallum gumena cynnes, 1058; gen.\npl. \u00e4\u00f0elinga bearn ealra twelfa, _the kinsmen of all twelve nobles_ (twelve\nnobles hold the highest positions of the court), 3172; subst. he \u00e2h ealra\ngeweald, _has power over all_, 1728.\n\nUninflected: bil eal \u00feurhw\u00f4d fl\u00e6schoman, _the battle-axe cleft the body\nthrough and through_, 1568; h\u00e4fde ... eal gefeormod f\u00eat and folma, _had\ndevoured entirely feet and hands_, 745; se \u00fee eall geman g\u00e2r-cwealm gumena,\n_who remembers thoroughly the death of the men by the spear_, 2043, etc.\n\nAdverbial: \u00fee\u00e1h ic eal m\u00e6ge, _although I am entirely able_, 681; h\u00ee on\nbeorg dydon b\u00eag and siglu eall swylce hyrsta, _they placed in the\ngrave-mound rings, and ornaments, all such adornments_, 3165.--The gen. sg.\nealles, adverbial in the sense of _entirely_, 1001, 1130.\n\neald, adj., _old_: a) of the age of living beings: nom. sg. eald, 357,\n1703, 2211, etc.; dat. sg. ealdum, 2973; gen. sg. ealdes uhtflogan\n(_dragon_), 2761; dat. sg. ealdum, 1875; geongum and ealdum, 72.--b) of\nthings and of institutions: nom. sg. helm monig eald and \u00f4mig, 2764; acc.\nsg. ealde l\u00e2fe (_sword_), 796, 1489; ealde w\u00eesan, 1866; eald sweord, 1559,\n1664, etc.; eald gewin, _old_ (lasting years), _distress_, 1782; eald enta\ngeweorc (_the precious things in the drake's cave_), 2775; acc. pl. ealde\nm\u00e2\u00f0mas, 472; ofer ealde riht, _against the old laws_ (namely, the Ten\nCommandments; Be\u00f3wulf believes that God has sent him the drake as a\npunishment, because he has unconsciously, at some time, violated one of the\ncommandments), 2331.\n\nyldra, compar. _older_: m\u00een yldra m\u00e6g, 468; yldra br\u00f4\u00f0or, 1325; \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t he\n(Heardr\u00ead) yldra wear\u00f0, 2379.\n\nyldesta, superl. _oldest_, in the usual sense; dat. sg. \u00feam yldestan, 2436;\nin a moral sense, _the most respected_: nom. sg. se yldesta, 258; acc. sg.\n\u00feone yldestan, 363, both times of Be\u00f3wulf.\n\neald-f\u00e4der, st. m., _old-father, grandfather, ancestor_: nom. sg. 373.\n\neald-gesegen, st. f., _traditions from old times_: gen. pl. eal-fela\neald-gesegena, _very many of the old traditions_, 870.\n\neald-ges\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _companion ever since old times, courtier for many\nyears_: nom. pl. eald-ges\u00ee\u00f0as, 854.\n\neald-gestre\u00f3n, st. n., _treasure out of the old times_: dat. pl.\neald-gestre\u00f3num, 1382; gen. pl. -gestre\u00f3na, 1459.\n\neald-gewinna, w. m., _old-enemy, enemy for many years_: nom. sg. of\nGrendel, 1777.\n\neald-gewyrht, st. n., _merit on account of services rendered during many\nyears_: nom. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t n\u00e6ron eald-gewyrht, \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00e2na scyle gnorn \u00ferowian,\n_that has not been his desert ever since long ago, that he should bear the\ndistress alone_, 2658.\n\neald-hl\u00e2ford, st. m., _lord through many years_: gen. sg. bill\neald-hl\u00e2fordes (of the old Be\u00f3wulf(?)), 2779.\n\neald-metod, st. m., _God ruling ever since ancient times_: nom. sg. 946.\n\nealdor, aldor, st. m., _lord, chief_ (king or powerful noble): nom. sg.\nealdor, 1645, 1849, 2921; aldor, 56, 369, 392; acc. sg. aldor, 669; dat.\nsg. ealdre, 593; aldre, 346.\n\nealdor, aldor, st. n., _life_: acc. sg. aldor, 1372; dat. sg. aldre, 1448,\n1525; ealdre, 2600; him on aldre st\u00f4d herestr\u00e6l hearda (in vitalibus),\n1435; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not troubled about his life_, 1443; of\nealdre gew\u00e2t, _went out of life, died_, 2625; as instr. aldre, 662, 681,\netc.; ealdre, 1656, 2134, etc.; gen. sg. aldres, 823; ealdres, 2791, 2444;\naldres orw\u00eana, _despairing of life_, 1003, 1566; ealdres scyldig, _having\nforfeited life_, 1339, 2062; dat. pl. aldrum n\u00ea\u00f0don, 510, 538.--Phrases: on\naldre (_in life_), _ever_, 1780; t\u00f4 aldre (_for life_), _always_, 2006,\n2499; \u00e2wa t\u00f4 aldre, _for ever and ever_, 956.\n\nealdor-bealu, st. n., _life's evil_: acc. sg. \u00feu ... ondr\u00e6dan ne \u00feearft ...\naldorbealu eorlum, _thou needest not fear death for the courtiers_, 1677.\n\nealdor-cearu, st. f., _trouble that endangers life, great trouble_: dat.\nsg. he his le\u00f3dum wear\u00f0 ... t\u00f4 aldor-ceare, 907.\n\nealdor-dagas, st. m. pl., _days of one's life_: dat. pl. n\u00e6fre on\naldor-dagum (_never in his life_), 719; on ealder-dagum \u00e6r (_in former\ndays_), 758.\n\nealdor-ged\u00e2l, st. n., _severing of life, death, end_: nom. sg. aldor-ged\u00e2l,\n806.\n\nealdor-gewinna, w. m., _life-enemy, one who strives to take his enemy's\nlife_ (in N.H.G. the contrary conception, Tod-feind): nom. sg.\nealdorgewinna (_the dragon_), 2904.\n\nealdor-le\u00e1s, adj., _without a ruler_(?): nom. pl. aldor-le\u00e1se, 15.\n\nealdor-le\u00e1s, adj., _lifeless, dead_: acc. sg. aldor-le\u00e1sne, 1588;\nealdor-le\u00e1sne, 3004.\n\nealdor-\u00feegn, st. m., _nobleman at the court, distinguished courtier_: acc.\nsg. aldor-\u00feegn (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's confidential adviser, \u00c4schere), 1309.\n\neal-fela, adj., _very much_: with following gen., eal-fela eald-gesegena,\n_very many old traditions_, 870; eal-fela eotena cynnes, 884.\n\nealgian, w. v., _to shield, to defend, to protect_: inf. w. acc. feorh\nealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; pret. si\u00f0\u00f0an he (Hygel\u00e2c) under segne sinc\neal-gode, w\u00e4lre\u00e1f werede, _while under his banner he protected the\ntreasures, defended the spoil of battle_ (i.e. while he was upon the Viking\nexpeditions), 1205.\n\neal-gylden, adj., _all golden, entirely of gold_: nom. sg. sw\u00fdn ealgylden,\n1112; acc. sg. segn eallgylden, 2768.\n\neal-\u00eerenne, adj., _entirely of iron_: acc. sg. eall-\u00eerenne w\u00eegbord, _a\nwholly iron battle-shield_, 2339.\n\nealu, st. n., _ale, beer_: acc. sg. ealo drincende, 1946.\n\nealu-benc, st. f., _ale-bench, bench for those drinking ale_: dat. sg. in\nealo-bence, 1030; on ealu-bence, 2868.\n\nealu-scerwen, st. f., _terror_, under the figure of a mishap at an\nale-drinking, probably the sudden taking away of the ale: nom. sg. Denum\neallum wear\u00f0 ... ealuscerwen, 770.\n\nealu-w\u00e6ge, st. n., _ale-can, portable vessel out of which ale is poured\ninto the cups_: acc. sg. 2022; hroden ealow\u00e6ge, 495; dat. sg. ofer ealow\u00e6ge\n(_at the ale-carouse_), 481.\n\neal-wealda, w. adj., _all ruling_ (God): nom. sg. f\u00e4der alwalda, 316;\nalwalda, 956, 1315; dat. sg. al-wealdan, 929.\n\neard, st. m., _cultivated ground, estate, hereditary estate_; in a broader\nsense, _ground in general, abode, place of sojourn_: nom. sg. him w\u00e4s b\u00e2m\n... lond gecynde, eard \u00ea\u00f0el-riht, _the land was bequeathed to them both,\nthe land and the privileges attached to it._ 2199; acc. sg. f\u00eefel-cynnes\neard, _the ground of the giant race, place of sojourn_, 104; similarly,\n\u00e4lwihta eard, 1501; eard gemunde, _thought of his native ground, his home_,\n1130; eard git ne const, _thou knowest not yet the place of sojourn._ 1378;\neard and eorlscipe, _pr\u00e6dium et nobilitatem_, 1728; eard \u00ea\u00f0elwyn, _land and\nthe enjoyment of home_, 2494; dat. sg. ellor hwearf of earde, _went\nelsewhere from his place of abode_, i.e. died, 56; \u00fe\u00e4t we rondas beren eft\nt\u00f4 earde, _that we go again to our homes_, 2655; on earde, 2737; nom. pl.\ne\u00e1cne eardas, _the broad expanses_ (in the fen-sea where Grendel's home\nwas), 1622.\n\neardian, w. v.: 1) _to have a dwelling-place, to live; to rest_: pret. pl.\nd\u00fdre swyrd sw\u00e2 hie wi\u00f0 eor\u00f0an f\u00e4\u00f0m \u00fe\u00e6r eardodon, _costly swords, as they\nhad rested in the earth's bosom_, 3051.--2) also transitively, _to\ninhabit_: pret. sg. Heorot eardode, 166; inf. w\u00eec eardian elles hwergen,\n_inhabit a place elsewhere_ (i.e. die), 2590.\n\neard-lufa, w. m., _the living upon one's land, home-life_: acc. sg.\neard-lufan, 693.\n\nearfo\u00f0-l\u00eece, adv., _with trouble, with difficulty_, 1637, 1658; _with\nvexation, angrily_, 86; _sorrowfully_, 2823; _with difficulty, scarcely_,\n2304, 2935.\n\nearfo\u00f0-\u00ferag, st. f., _time full of troubles, sorrowful time_: acc. sg.\n-\u00ferage, 283.\n\nearh, adj., _cowardly_: gen. sg. ne bi\u00f0 swylc earges s\u00ee\u00f0 (_no coward\nundertaken that_), 2542.\n\nearm, st. m., _arm_: acc. sg. earm, 836, 973; wi\u00f0 earm ges\u00e4t, _supported\nhimself with his arm_, 750; dat. pl. earmum, 513.\n\nearm, adj., _poor, miserable, unhappy_: nom. sg. earm, 2369; earme ides,\n_the unhappy woman_, 1118; dat. sg. earmre teohhe, _the unhappy band_,\n2939.--Comp. acc. sg. earmran mannan, _a more wretched, more forsaken man_,\n577.\n\nearm-be\u00e1g, st. m., _arm-ring, bracelet_: gen. pl. earm-be\u00e1ga fela searwum\nges\u00e6led, _many arm-rings interlaced_, 2764.\n\nearm-hre\u00e1d, st. f., _arm-ornament_. nom. pl. earm-hre\u00e1de tw\u00e2, 1195 (Grein's\nconjecture, MS. earm reade).\n\nearm-l\u00eec, adj., _wretched, miserable_: nom. sg. sceolde his ealdor-ged\u00e2l\nearml\u00eec wur\u00f0an, _his end should be wretched_, 808.\n\nearm-sceapen, pret. part. as adj. (_properly, wretched by the decree of\nfate_), _wretched_: nom. sg. 1352.\n\nearn, st. m., _eagle_: dat. sg. earne, 3027.\n\neatol. See atol.\n\neaxl, st. f., _shoulder_: acc. sg. eaxle, 836, 973; dat. sg. on eaxle, 817,\n1548; be eaxle, 1538; on eaxle ides gnornode, _the woman sobbed on the\nshoulder_ (of her son, who has fallen and is being burnt), 1118; dat. pl.\ns\u00e4t fre\u00e1n eaxlum ne\u00e1h, _sat near the shoulders of his lord_ (Be\u00f3wulf lies\nlifeless upon the earth, and W\u00eegl\u00e2f sits by his side, near his shoulder, so\nas to sprinkle the face of his dead lord), 2854; he for eaxlum gest\u00f4d\nDeniga fre\u00e1n, _he stood before the shoulders of the lord of the Danes_\n(i.e. not directly before him, but somewhat to the side, as etiquette\ndemanded), 358.\n\neaxl-gestealla, w. m., _he who has his position at the shoulder_ (sc. of\nhis lord), _trusty courtier, counsellor of a prince_: nom. sg. 1327; acc.\npl. -gesteallan, 1715.\n\n\nE\u00c1\n\ne\u00e1c, conj., _also_: 97, 388, 433, etc.; \u00eac, 3132.\n\ne\u00e1cen (pret. part. of a not existing eacan, augere), adj., _wide-spread_,\n_large_: nom. pl. e\u00e1cne eardas, _broad plains_, 1622.--_great, heavy_: eald\nsweord e\u00e1cen, 1664; dat. pl. e\u00e1cnum ecgum, 2141, both times of the great\nsword in Grendel's habitation.--_great, mighty, powerful_: \u00e4\u00f0ele and e\u00e1cen,\nof Be\u00f3wulf, 198.\n\ne\u00e1cen-cr\u00e4ftig, adj., _immense_ (of riches), _enormously great_: acc. sg.\nhord-\u00e4rna sum e\u00e1cen-cr\u00e4ftig, _that enormous treasure-house_, 2281; nom. sg.\n\u00fe\u00e4t yrfe e\u00e1cen-cr\u00e4ftig, i\u00famonna gold, 3052.\n\ne\u00e1dig, adj., _blessed with possessions, rich, happy by reason of property_:\nnom. sg. wes, \u00feenden \u00feu lifige, \u00e4\u00f0eling e\u00e1dig, _be, as long as thou livest,\na prince blessed with riches_, 1226; e\u00e1dig mon, 2471.--Comp. sige-, sigor-,\nt\u00eer-e\u00e1dig.\n\ne\u00e1dig-l\u00eece, adv., _in abundance, in joyous plenty_: dre\u00e1mum lifdon\ne\u00e1digl\u00eece, _lived in rejoicing and plenty_, 100.\n\ne\u00e1\u00f0e, \u00ea\u00f0e, \u00fd\u00f0e, adj., _easy, pleasant_: nom. pl. gode \u00feancedon \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee him\n\u00fd\u00f0-l\u00e2de e\u00e1\u00f0e wurdon, _thanked God that the sea-ways_ (the navigation) _had\nbecome easy to them_, 228; ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t \u00ea\u00f0e s\u00ee\u00f0, _no pleasant way_, 2587; n\u00e4s\n\u00fe\u00e4t \u00fd\u00f0e ce\u00e1p, _no easy purchase_, 2416; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fd\u00f0e by\u00f0 t\u00f4 befle\u00f3nne, _not\neasy_ (as milder expression for _in no way, not at all_), 1003.\n\ne\u00e1\u00f0e, \u00fd\u00f0e, adv., _easily_. e\u00e1\u00f0e, 478, 2292, 2765.\n\ne\u00e1\u00f0-fynde, adj., _easy to find_: nom. sg. 138.\n\ne\u00e1ge, w. n., _eye_: dat. pl. him of e\u00e1gum st\u00f4d le\u00f3ht unf\u00e4ger, _out of his\neyes came a terrible gleam_, 727; \u00fe\u00e4t ic ... e\u00e1gum starige, _see with eyes,\nbehold_, 1782; similarly, 1936; gen. pl. e\u00e1gena bearhtm, 1767.\n\ne\u00e1gor-stre\u00e1m, st. m., _sea-stream sea_: acc. sg. 513.\n\ne\u00e1-land, st. n., _land surrounded by water_ (of the land of the Ge\u00e1tas):\nacc. sg. e\u00e1-lond, 2335; _island_.\n\ne\u00e1m, st. m., _uncle, mothers brother_: nom. sg. 882.\n\ne\u00e1stan, adv., _from the east_, 569.\n\ne\u00e1wan, w. v., _to disclose, to show, to prove_: pres. sg. III. e\u00e1we\u00f0 ...\nunc\u00fb\u00f0ne n\u00ee\u00f0, _shows evil enmity_, 276. See e\u00f3wan, \u00fdwan.\n\nge-e\u00e1wan, _to show, to offer_: pret. part. him w\u00e4s ... wunden gold \u00eastum\nge-e\u00e1wed, _was graciously presented_, 1195.\n\n\nEO\n\neode. See gangan.\n\neodor, st. m., _fence, hedge, railing_. Among the old Germans, an estate\nwas separated by a fence from the property of others. Inside of this fence\nthe laws of peace and protection held good, as well as in the house itself.\nHence eodor is sometimes used instead of _house_: acc. pl. h\u00eaht eahta\nmearas on flet te\u00f3n, in under eoderas, _gave orders to lead eight steeds\ninto the hall, into the house_, 1038.--2) figuratively, _lord, prince_, as\nprotector: nom. sg. eodor, 428, 1045; eodur, 664.\n\neofo\u00f0, st. n., _strength_: acc. pl. eofo\u00f0o, 2535. See eafo\u00f0.\n\neofer, st. m.: 1) _boar_, here of the metal boar-image upon the helmet:\nnom. sg. eofer \u00eerenheard, 1113.--2) figuratively, _bold hero, brave\nfighter_ (O.N. i\u00f6fur): nom. pl. \u00feonne ... eoferas cnysedan, _when the\nheroes rushed upon each other_, 1329, where eoferas and f\u00ea\u00f0an stand in the\nsame relation to each other as cnysedan and hniton.\n\neofor-l\u00eec, st. n. _boar-image_ (on the helmet): nom. pl. eofor-l\u00eec scionon,\n303.\n\neofor-spre\u00f3t, st. m., _boar-spear_: dat. pl. mid eofer-spre\u00f3tum\nhe\u00f3ro-h\u00f4cyhtum, _with hunting-spears which were provided with sharp hooks_,\n1438.\n\neogu\u00f0, iogu\u00f0. See geogo\u00f0.\n\neolet, st. m. n., _sea_(?): gen. sg. eoletes, 224.\n\neorclan-st\u00e2n, st. m., _precious stone_: acc. pl. -st\u00e2nas, 1209.\n\neor\u00f0-cyning, st. m., _king of the land_: gen. sg. eor\u00f0-cyninges (Finn),\n1156.\n\neor\u00f0-draca, w. m., _earth-drake, dragon that lives in the earth_: nom. sg.\n2713, 2826.\n\neor\u00f0e, w. f.: 1) _earth_ (in contrast with heaven), _world_: acc. sg.\n\u00e4lmihtiga eor\u00f0an worhte, 92; w\u00eede geond eor\u00f0an, _far over the earth,\nthrough the wide world_, 266; dat. sg. ofer eor\u00f0an, 248, 803; on eor\u00f0an,\n1823, 2856, 3139; gen. sg. eor\u00f0an, 753.--2) _earth, ground_: acc. sg. he\neor\u00f0an gefe\u00f3ll, _fell to the ground_, 2835; forl\u00eaton eorla gestre\u00f3n eor\u00f0an\nhealdan, _let the earth hold the nobles' treasure_, 3168; dat. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t hit\non eor\u00f0an l\u00e4g, 1533; under eor\u00f0an, 2416; gen. sg. wi\u00f0 eor\u00f0an f\u00e4\u00f0m (_in the\nbosom of the earth_), 3050.\n\neor\u00f0-reced, st. n., _hall in the earth, rock-hall_: acc. sg. 2720.\n\neor\u00f0-scr\u00e4f, st. n., _earth-cavern, cave_: dat. sg. eor\u00f0-[scr\u00e4fe], 2233;\ngen. pl. eor\u00f0-scr\u00e4fe, 3047.\n\neor\u00f0-sele, st. m., _hall in the earth, cave_: acc. sg. eor\u00f0-sele, 2411; dat\nsg. of eor\u00f0sele, 2516.\n\neor\u00f0-weall, st. m., _earth-wall_: acc. sg. (Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w) be\u00e1h eft under\neor\u00f0weall, _fled again under the earth-wall_ (into his fortified camp),\n2958; \u00fe\u00e2 me w\u00e4s ... s\u00ee\u00f0 \u00e2l\u00fdfed inn under eor\u00f0weall, _then the way in, under\nthe earth-wall was opened to me_ (into the dragon's cave), 3091.\n\neor\u00f0-weard, st. m., _land-property, estate_: acc. sg. 2335.\n\neorl, st. m., _noble born man, a man of the high nobility_: nom. sg. 762,\n796, 1229, etc.; acc. sg. eorl, 573, 628, 2696; gen. sg. eorles, 690, 983,\n1758, etc.; acc. pl. eorlas, 2817; dat. pl. eorlum, 770, 1282, 1650, etc.;\ngen. pl. eorla, 248, 357, 369, etc.--Since the king himself is from the\nstock of the eorlas, he is also called eorl, 6, 2952.\n\neorl-gestre\u00f3n, st. n., _wealth of the nobles_: gen. pl. eorl-gestre\u00f3na ...\nhardfyrdne d\u00e6l, 2245.\n\neorl-gew\u00e6de, st. n., _knightly dress, armor_: dat. pl. -gew\u00e6dum, 1443.\n\neorl\u00eec (i.e. eorl-l\u00eec), adj., _what it becomes a noble born man to do,\nchivalrous_: acc. sg. eorl\u00eec ellen, 638.\n\neorl-scipe, st. m., _condition of being noble born, chivalrous nature,\nnobility_: acc. sg. eorl-scipe, 1728, 3175; eorl-scipe efnan, _to do\nchivalrous deeds_, 2134, 2536, 2623, 3008.\n\neorl-weorod, st. n., _followers of nobles_: nom. sg. 2894.\n\neormen-cyn, st. n., _very extensive race, mankind_: gen. sg. eormen-cynnes,\n1958.\n\neormen-grund, st. m., _immensely wide plains, the whole broad earth_: acc.\nsg. ofer eormen-grund, 860.\n\neormen-l\u00e2f, st. f., _enormous legacy_: acc. sg. eormen-l\u00e2fe \u00e4\u00f0elan cynnes\n(_the treasures of the dragon's cave_) 2235.\n\neorre, adj., _angry, enraged_: gen. sg. eorres, 1448.\n\neoton, st. m.: 1) _giant_: nom. sg. eoten (Grendel), 762; dat. sg.\nuninflected, eoton (Grendel), 669; nom. pl. eotenas, 112.--2) Eotens,\nsubjects of Finn, the N. Frisians: 1073, 1089, 1142; dat. pl. 1146. See\nList of Names, p. 114.\n\neotonisc, adj., _gigantic, coming from giants_: acc. sg. eald sweord\neotenisc (eotonisc), 1559, 2980, (etonisc, MS.) 2617.\n\n\nE\u00d3\n\ne\u00f3red-geatwe, st. f. pl., _warlike adornments_: acc. pl., 2867.\n\ne\u00f3wan, w. v., _to show, to be seen_: pres. sg. III. ne gesacu \u00f4hw\u00e6r,\necghete e\u00f3we\u00f0, _nowhere shows itself strife, sword-hate_, 1739. See e\u00e1wan,\n\u00fdwan.\n\ne\u00f3wer: 1) gen. pl. pers. pron., vestrum: e\u00f3wer sum, _that one of you_\n(namely, Be\u00f3wulf), 248; f\u00e6h\u00f0e e\u00f3wer le\u00f3de, _the enmity of the people of\nyou_ (of your people), 597; nis \u00fe\u00e4t e\u00f3wer s\u00ee\u00f0 ... nefne m\u00een \u00e2nes, 2533.--2)\nposs. pron., _your_, 251, 257, 294, etc.\n\n\nF\n\nge-fandian, -fondian, w. v., _to try, to search for, to find out, to\nexperience_: w. gen. pret. part. \u00fe\u00e4t h\u00e4fde gumena sum goldes gefandod,\n_that a man had discovered the gold_, 2302; \u00feonne se \u00e2n hafa\u00f0 \u00feurh de\u00e2\u00f0es\nn\u00fdd d\u00e6da gefondad, _now the one_ (Herebeald) _has with death's pang\nexperienced the deeds_ (the unhappy bow-shot of H\u00e6\u00f0cyn), 2455.\n\nfara, w. m., _farer, traveller_: in comp. mere-fara.\n\nfaran, st. v., _to move from one place to another, to go, to wander_: inf.\nt\u00f4 h\u00e2m faran, _to go home_, 124; l\u00eaton on gefl\u00eet faran fealwe mearas, _let\nthe fallow horses go in emulation_, 865; cwom faran flotherge on Fresna\nland, _had come to Friesland with a fleet_, 2916; com le\u00f3da dugo\u00f0e on l\u00e2st\nfaran, _came to go upon the track of the heroes of his people_, i.e. to\nfollow them, 2946; gerund w\u00e6ron \u00e4\u00f0elingas eft t\u00f4 le\u00f3dum f\u00fbse t\u00f4 farenne,\n_the nobles were ready to go again to their people_, 1806; pret. sg. gegnum\nf\u00f4r [\u00fe\u00e2] ofer myrcan m\u00f4r, _there had_ (Grendel's mother) _gone away over\nthe dark fen_, 1405; s\u00e6genga f\u00f4r, _the seafarer_ (the ship) _drove along_,\n1909; (wyrm) mid b\u00e6le f\u00f4r, (the dragon) _fled away with fire_, 2309; pret.\npl. \u00fe\u00e4t ... scawan sc\u00eerhame t\u00f4 scipe f\u00f4ron, _that the visitors in\nglittering attire betook themselves to the ship_, 1896.\n\ngefaran, _to proceed, to act_: inf. h\u00fb se m\u00e2nscea\u00f0a under f\u00e6rgripum gefaran\nwolde, _how he would act in his sudden attacks_, 739.\n\n\u00fbt faran, _to go out_: w. acc. l\u00eat of bre\u00f3stum ... word \u00fbt faran, _let\nwords go out of his breast, uttered words_, 2552.\n\nfaro\u00f0, st. m., _stream, flood of the sea_: dat. sg. t\u00f4 brimes faro\u00f0e, 28;\n\u00e4fter faro\u00f0e, _with the stream_, 580; \u00e4t faro\u00f0e, 1917.\n\nfaru, st. f., _way, passage, expedition_: in comp. \u00e2d-faru.\n\nf\u00e2cen-st\u00e4f (elementum nequitiae), st. m., _wickedness, treachery, deceit_.\nacc. pl. f\u00e2cen-stafas, 1019.\n\nf\u00e2h, f\u00e2g, adj., _many-colored, variegated, of varying color_ (especially\nsaid of the color of gold, of bronze, and of blood, in which the beams of\nlight are refracted): nom. sg. f\u00e2h (_covered with blood_), 420; bl\u00f4de f\u00e2h,\n935; \u00e2tert\u00e2num f\u00e2h (sc. \u00eeren) [This is the MS reading; emmended to\n\u00e2terte\u00e1rum in text--KTH], 1460; sadol searwum f\u00e2h (_saddle artistically\nornamented with gold_), 1039; sweord sw\u00e2te f\u00e2h, 1287; brim bl\u00f4de f\u00e2h, 1595;\nw\u00e4ldre\u00f3re f\u00e2g, 1632; (draca) f\u00fdrwylmum f\u00e2h (_because he spewed flame_),\n2672; sweord f\u00e2h and f\u00e4ted, 2702; bl\u00f4de f\u00e2h, 2975; acc. sg. dre\u00f3re f\u00e2hne,\n447; goldsele f\u00e4ttum f\u00e2hne, 717; on f\u00e2gne fl\u00f4r treddode, _trod the shining\nfloor_ (of Heorot), 726; hr\u00f4f golde f\u00e2hne, _the roof shining with gold_,\n928; nom. pl. eoforl\u00eec ... f\u00e2h and f\u00fdr-beard, 305; acc. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 hilt since\nf\u00e2ge, 1616; dat. pl. f\u00e2gum sweordum, 586.--Comp. b\u00e2n-, bl\u00f4d-, br\u00fbn-,\ndre\u00f3r-, gold-, gryre-, searo-, sinc-, st\u00e2n-, sw\u00e2t-, w\u00e4l-, wyrm-f\u00e2h.\n\nf\u00e2h, f\u00e2g, f\u00e2, adj.: 1) _hostile_: nom. sg. f\u00e2h fe\u00f3nd-sca\u00f0a, 554; he w\u00e4s f\u00e2g\nwi\u00f0 god (Grendel), 812; acc. sg. f\u00e2ne (_the dragon_), 2656; gen. pl. f\u00e2ra,\n578, 1464.--2) _liable to pursuit, without peace, outlawed_: nom. sg. f\u00e2g,\n1264; m\u00e2ne f\u00e2h, _outlawed through crime_, 979; fyren-d\u00e6dum f\u00e2g,\n1002.--Comp. nearo-f\u00e2h.\n\nf\u00e2mig-heals, adj., _with foaming neck_: nom. sg. flota f\u00e2mig-heals, 218;\n(s\u00e6genga) f\u00e2mig-heals, 1910.\n\nf\u00e4c, st. n., _period of time_: acc. sg. lytel f\u00e4c, _during a short time_,\n2241.\n\nf\u00e4der, st. m., _father_: nom. sg. f\u00e4der, 55, 262, 459, 2609; of God, 1610;\nf\u00e4der alwalda, 316; acc. sg. f\u00e4der, 1356; dat. sg. f\u00e4der, 2430; gen. sg.\nf\u00e4der, 21, 1480; of God, 188--Comp.: \u00e6r, eald-f\u00e4der.\n\nf\u00e4dera, w. m., _father's brother_ in comp. suhter-gef\u00e4deran.\n\nf\u00e4der-\u00e4\u00f0elo, st. n. pl., _paternus principatus_ (?): dat. pl. f\u00e4der-\u00e4\u00f0elum,\n912.\n\nf\u00e4deren-m\u00e6g, st. m., _kinsman descended from the same father,\nco-descendant_: dat. sg. f\u00e4deren-m\u00e6ge, 1264.\n\nf\u00e4\u00f0m, st. m.: 1) _the outspread, encircling arms_: instr. pl. fe\u00f3ndes\nf\u00e4\u00f0[mum], 2129.--2) _embrace, encircling_: nom. sg. l\u00eeges f\u00e4\u00f0m, 782; acc.\nsg. in f\u00fdres f\u00e4\u00f0m, 185.--3) _bosom, lap_: acc. sg. on foldan f\u00e4\u00f0m, 1394;\nwi\u00f0 eor\u00f0an f\u00e4\u00f0m, 3050; dat. pl. t\u00f4 f\u00e4der (God's) f\u00e4\u00f0mum, 188.--4) _power,\nproperty_: acc. in Francna f\u00e4\u00f0m, 1211.--Cf. s\u00eed-f\u00e4\u00f0med, s\u00ee\u00f0-f\u00e4\u00f0me.\n\nf\u00e4\u00f0mian, w. v., _to embrace, to take up into itself_: pres. subj. \u00fe\u00e4t minne\nl\u00eechaman ... gl\u00ead f\u00e4\u00f0mie, 2653; inf. l\u00eaton fl\u00f4d f\u00e4\u00f0mian fr\u00e4twa hyrde, 3134.\n\nge-f\u00e4g, adj., _agreeable, desirable_ (Old Eng., fawe, _willingly_): comp.\nge-f\u00e4gra, 916.\n\nf\u00e4gen, adj., _glad, joyous_: nom. pl. ferh\u00f0um f\u00e4gne, _the glad at heart_,\n1634.\n\nf\u00e4ger, adj., _beautiful, lovely_: nom. sg. f\u00e4ger fold-bold, 774; f\u00e4ger\nfoldan bearm, 1138; acc. sg. freo\u00f0oburh f\u00e4gere, 522; nom. pl. \u00fe\u00e6r him\nfold-wegas f\u00e4gere \u00fe\u00fbhton, 867.--Comp. un-f\u00e4ger.\n\nf\u00e4gere, f\u00e4gre, adv., _beautifully, well, becomingly, according to\netiquette_: f\u00e4gere ge\u00fe\u00e6gon medoful manig, 1015; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s flet-sittendum\nf\u00e4gere gereorded, _becomingly the repast was served_, 1789; Higel\u00e2c ongan\n... f\u00e4gre fricgean, 1986; similarly, 2990.\n\nf\u00e4r, st. n., _craft, ship_: nom. sg., 33.\n\nf\u00e4st, adj., _bound, fast_: nom. sg. bi\u00f0 se sl\u00e6p t\u00f4 f\u00e4st, 1743; acc. sg.\nfre\u00f3ndscipe f\u00e4stne, 2070; f\u00e4ste frio\u00f0uw\u00e6re, 1097.--The prep. on stands to\ndenote the where or wherein: w\u00e4s t\u00f4 f\u00e4st on \u00fe\u00e2m (sc. on f\u00e6h\u00f0e and fyrene),\n137; on ancre f\u00e4st, 303. Or, oftener, the dative: fe\u00f3nd-gr\u00e2pum f\u00e4st,\n_(held) fast in his antagonist's clutch_, 637; f\u00fdrbendum f\u00e4st, _fast in the\nforged hinges_, 723; handa f\u00e4st, 1291, etc.; hygebendum f\u00e4st (beorn him\nlanga\u00f0), _fast (shut) in the bonds of his bosom, the man longs for_ (i.e.\nin secret), 1879.--Comp: \u00e2r-, bl\u00e6d-, gin-, s\u00f4\u00f0-, t\u00eer-, w\u00ees-f\u00e4st.\n\nf\u00e4ste, adv., _f\u00e4st_ 554, 761, 774, 789, 1296.--Comp. f\u00e4stor, 143.\n\nbe-f\u00e4stan, w. v., _to give over_: inf. h\u00eat Hildeburh hire selfre sunu\nsweolo\u00f0e bef\u00e4stan, _to give over to the flames her own son_, 1116.\n\nf\u00e4sten, st. n., _fortified place, or place difficult of access_: acc. sg.\nle\u00f3da f\u00e4sten, _the fastness of the Ge\u00e1tas_ (with ref. to 2327), 2334;\nf\u00e4sten (Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w's castle or fort), 2951; f\u00e4sten (Grendel's house in the\nfen-sea), 104.\n\nf\u00e4st-r\u00e6d, adj., _firmly resolved_: acc. sg. f\u00e4st-r\u00e6dne ge\u00fe\u00f4ht, _firm\ndetermination_, 611.\n\nf\u00e4t, st. m., _way, journey_: in comp. s\u00ee\u00f0-f\u00e4t.\n\nf\u00e4t, st. n., _vessel; vase, cup_: acc. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, _the\n(drinking-) vessels of men of old times_, 2762.--Comp.: b\u00e2n-, drync-,\nm\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-, sinc-, wundor-f\u00e4t.\n\nf\u00e4t, st. n. (?), _plate, sheet of metal_, especially _gold plate_ (Dietrich\nHpt. Ztschr. XI. 420): dat. pl. gold sele ... f\u00e4ttum f\u00e2hne, _shining with\ngold plates_ (the walls and the inner part of the roof were partly covered\nwith gold), 717; sceal se hearda helm hyrsted golde f\u00e4tum befeallen (sc.\nwesan), _the gold ornaments shall fall away from it_, 2257.\n\nf\u00e4ted, f\u00e4tt, part., _ornamented with gold beaten into plate-form_: gen. sg.\nf\u00e4ttan goldes, 1094, 2247; instr. sg. f\u00e4ttan golde, 2103. Elsewhere,\n_covered, ornamented with gold plate_: nom. sg. sweord ... f\u00e4ted, 2702;\nacc. sg. f\u00e4ted w\u00e6ge, 2254, 2283; acc. pl. f\u00e4tte scyldas, 333; f\u00e4tte be\u00e1gas,\n1751. [f\u00e6ted, etc.]\n\nf\u00e4ted-hle\u00f3r, adj., phaleratus gena (Dietr.): acc. pl. eahta mearas\nf\u00e4ted-hle\u00f3re (_eight horses with bridles covered with plates of gold_),\n1037.\n\nf\u00e4t-gold, st. n., _gold in sheets_ or _plates_: acc. sg., 1922.\n\nf\u00e6ge, adj.: 1) _forfeited to death, allotted to death by fate_: nom. sg.\nf\u00e6ge, 1756, 2142, 2976; f\u00e6ge and ge-fl\u00fdmed, 847; f\u00fbs and f\u00e6ge, 1242; acc.\nsg. f\u00e6gne fl\u00e6sc-homan, 1569; dat. sg. f\u00e6gum, 2078; gen. sg. f\u00e6ges,\n1528.--2) _dead_: dat. pl. ofer f\u00e6gum (_over the warriors fallen in the\nbattle_), 3026.--Comp.: de\u00e1\u00f0-, un-f\u00e6ge.\n\nf\u00e6h\u00f0 (_state of hostility_, see f\u00e2h), st. f., _hostile act, feud, battle_:\nnom. sg. f\u00e6h\u00f0, 2404, 3062; acc. sg. f\u00e6h\u00f0e, 153, 459, 470, 596, 1334, etc.;\nalso of the unhappy bowshot of the Hr\u00ea\u00f0ling, H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, by which he killed his\nbrother, 2466; dat. sg. fore f\u00e6h\u00f0e and fyrene, 137; nalas for f\u00e6h\u00f0e mearn\n(_did not recoil from the combat_), 1538; gen. sg, ne gefeah he \u00fe\u00e6re f\u00e6h\u00f0e,\n109; gen. pl. f\u00e6h\u00f0a gemyndig, 2690.--Comp. w\u00e4l-f\u00e6h\u00f0.\n\nf\u00e6h\u00f0o, st. f., same as above: nom. sg. si\u00f3 f\u00e6h\u00f0o, 3000; acc. f\u00e6h\u00f0o, 2490.\n\nf\u00e6lsian, w. v., _to bring into a good condition, to cleanse_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t ic\nm\u00f4te ... Heorot f\u00e6lsian (from the plague of Grendel), 432; pret. Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res\n... sele f\u00e6lsode, 2353.\n\nge-f\u00e6lsian, w. v., same as above: pret. part. h\u00e4fde gef\u00e6lsod ... sele\nHr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res, 826; Heorot is gef\u00e6lsod, 1177; w\u00e6ron \u00fd\u00f0-gebland eal gef\u00e6lsod,\n1621.\n\nf\u00e6mne, w. f., _virgin, recens nupta_: dat. sg. f\u00e6mnan, 2035; gen. sg.\nf\u00e6mnan, 2060, both times of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's daughter Fre\u00e1ware.\n\nf\u00e6r, st. m., _sudden, unexpected attack_: nom. sg. (attack upon Hn\u00e4f's band\nby Finn's), 1069, 2231.\n\nf\u00e6r-gripe, st. m., _sudden, treacherous gripe, attack_: nom. sg. f\u00e6r-gripe\nfl\u00f4des, 1517; dat. pl. under f\u00e6rgripum, 739.\n\nf\u00e6r-gryre, st. m., _fright caused by a sudden attack_: dat. pl. wi\u00f0\nf\u00e6r-gryrum (against the inroads of Grendel into Heorot), 174.\n\nf\u00e6ringa, adv., _suddenly, unexpectedly_, 1415, 1989.\n\nf\u00e6r-n\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _hostility with sudden attacks_: gen. pl. hw\u00e4t me Grendel\nhafa\u00f0 ... f\u00e6rn\u00ee\u00f0a gefremed, 476.\n\nfe\u00f0er-gearwe, st. f. pl. _(feather-equipment), the feathers of the shaft of\nthe arrow_: dat. (instr.) pl. sceft fe\u00f0er-gearwum f\u00fbs, 3120.\n\nfel, st. n., _skin, hide_: dat. pl. gl\u00f4f ... gegyrwed dracan fellum, _made\nof the skins of dragons_, 2089.\n\nfela, I., adj. indecl., _much, many_: as subst.: acc. sg. fela fricgende,\n2107. With worn placed before: hw\u00e4t \u00feu worn fela ... ymb Brecan spr\u00e6ce,\n_how very much you spoke about Breca_, 530.--With gen. sg.: acc. sg. fela\nfyrene, 810; wyrm-cynnes fela, 1426; worna fela sorge, 2004; t\u00f4 fela micles\n... Denigea le\u00f3de, _too much of the race of the Danes_, 695; unc\u00fb\u00f0es fela,\n877; fela l\u00e2\u00f0es, 930; fela le\u00f3fes and l\u00e2\u00f0es, 1061.--With gen. pl.: nom. sg.\nfela m\u00e2dma, 36; fela \u00fe\u00e6ra wera and w\u00eefa, 993, etc.; acc. sg. fela missera,\n153; fela fyrena, 164; ofer landa fela, 311; m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-sigla fela (falo, MS.),\n2758; ne me sw\u00f4r fela \u00e2\u00f0a on unriht, _swore no false oaths_, 2739, etc.;\nworn fela m\u00e2\u00f0ma, 1784; worna fela g\u00fb\u00f0a, 2543.--Comp. eal-fela.\n\nII., adverbial, _very_, 1386, 2103, 2951.\n\nfela-hr\u00f4r, adj., valde agitatus, _very active against the enemy, very\nwarlike_, 27.\n\nfela-m\u00f4dig, adj., _very courageous_: gen. pl. -m\u00f4digra, 1638, 1889.\n\nfela-synnig, adj., _very criminal, very guilty_: acc. sg. fela-sinnigne\nsecg (in MS., on account of the alliteration, changed to simple sinnigne),\n1380.\n\nfe\u00f3lan, st. v., _to betake one's self into a place, to conceal one's self_:\npret. si\u00f0\u00f0an inne fealh Grendles m\u00f4dor (in Heorot), 1282; \u00fe\u00e6r inne fealh\nsecg syn-bysig (in the dragon's cave), 2227.--_to fall into, undergo,\nendure_: searon\u00ee\u00f0as fealh, 1201.\n\n\u00e4t-fe\u00f3lan, w. dat., insistere, adh\u00e6rere: pret. n\u00f4 ic him \u00fe\u00e4s georne \u00e4tfealh\n_(held him not fast enough_, 969.\n\nfen, st. n., _fen, moor_: acc. sg. fen, 104; dat. sg. t\u00f4 fenne, 1296;\nfenne, 2010.\n\nfen-freo\u00f0o, st. f., _refuge in the fen_: dat. sg. in fen-freo\u00f0o, 852.\n\nfeng, st. m., _gripe, embrace_: nom. sg. f\u00fdres feng, 1765; acc. sg. f\u00e2ra\nfeng (of the hostile sea-monsters), 578.--Comp. inwit-feng.\n\nfengel (probably _he who takes possession_, cf. t\u00f4 f\u00f4n, 1756, and f\u00f4n t\u00f4\nr\u00eece, _to enter upon the government_), st. m., _lord, prince, king_: nom.\nsg. w\u00eesa fengel, 1401; snottra fengel, 1476, 2157; hringa fengel, 2346.\n\nfen-ge-l\u00e2d, st. n., _fen-paths, fen with paths_: acc. pl. fr\u00eacne fengel\u00e2d\n(_fens difficult of access_), 1360.\n\nfen-hli\u00f0, st. n., _marshy precipice_: acc. pl. under fen-hleo\u00f0u, 821.\n\nfen-hop, st. n., _refuge in the fen_: acc. pl. on fen-hopu, 765.\n\nferh, st. m. n., _life_; see feorh.\n\nferh, st. m., _hog, boar_, here of the boar-image on the helmet: nom. sg.,\n305.\n\nferh\u00f0, st. m., _heart, soul_: dat. sg. on ferh\u00f0e, 755, 949, 1719; gehwylc\nhiora his ferh\u00f0e tre\u00f3wde, \u00fe\u00e4t ..., _each of them trusted to his_\n(H\u00fbnfer\u00f0's) _heart, that_ ..., 1167; gen. sg. ferh\u00f0es fore-\u00feanc, 1061; dat.\npl. (adverbial) ferh\u00f0um f\u00e4gne, _happy at heart_, 1634; \u00fe\u00e4t mon ... ferh\u00f0um\nfre\u00f3ge, _that one ... heartily love_, 3178.--Comp.: collen-, sarig-,\nswift-, wide-ferh\u00f0.\n\nferh\u00f0-frec, adj., _having good courage, bold, brave_: acc. sg. ferh\u00f0-frecan\nFin, 1147.\n\nferh\u00f0-gen\u00ee\u00f0la, w. m., _mortal enemy_: acc. sg. ferh\u00f0-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan, of the\ndrake, 2882.\n\nferian, w. v. w. acc., _to bear, to bring, to conduct_: pres. II. pl.\nhwanon ferigea\u00f0 f\u00e4tte scyldas, 333; pret. pl. t\u00f4 scypum feredon eal\ningesteald eor\u00f0cyninges, 1155; similarly, feredon, 1159, 3114.\n\n\u00e4t-ferian, _to carry away, to bear off_: pret. ic \u00fe\u00e4t hilt \u00feanan fe\u00f3ndum\n\u00e4tferede, 1669.\n\nge-ferian, _bear, to bring, to lead_: pres. subj. I. pl. \u00feonne (we)\ngeferian fre\u00e1n \u00fbserne, 3108; inf. geferian ... Grendles he\u00e1fod, 1639; pret.\n\u00fe\u00e4t hi \u00fbt geferedon d\u00fdre m\u00e2\u00f0mas, 3131; pret. part. her syndon geferede\nfeorran cumene ... Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de, _men of the Ge\u00e1tas, come from afar, have\nbeen brought hither_ (by ship), 361.\n\n\u00f4\u00f0-ferian, _to tear away, to take away_: pret. sg. I. uns\u00f4fte \u00feonan feorh\n\u00f4\u00f0-ferede, 2142.\n\nof-ferian, _to carry off, to take away, to tear away_: pret. \u00f4\u00f0er swylc \u00fbt\nofferede, _took away another such_ (sc. fifteen), 1584.\n\nfetel-hilt, st. n., _sword-hilt_, with the gold chains fastened to it: acc.\n(sg. or pl.?), 1564. (See \"Leitfaden f. nord. Altertumskunde,\" pp.45, 46.)\n\nfetian, w. v., _to bring near, bring_: pres. subj. n\u00e2h hw\u00e2 ... fe[tige]\nf\u00e4ted w\u00e6ge, _bring the gold-chased tankard_, 2254; pret. part. hra\u00f0e w\u00e4s t\u00f4\nb\u00fbre Be\u00f3wulf fetod, 1311.\n\nge-fetian, _to bring_: inf. h\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 eorla hle\u00f3 in gefetian Hr\u00ea\u00f0les l\u00e2fe,\n_caused Hr\u00ea\u00f0el's sword to be brought_, 2191.\n\n\u00e2-f\u00eadan, w. v., _to nourish, to bring up_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e6r he \u00e2f\u00eaded w\u00e4s,\n694.\n\nf\u00ea\u00f0a (O.H.G. fendo), w. m.: 1) _foot-soldiers_: nom. pl. f\u00ea\u00f0an, 1328,\n2545.--2) collective in sing., _band of foot-soldiers, troop of warriors_:\nnom. f\u00ea\u00f0a eal ges\u00e4t, 1425; dat. on f\u00ea\u00f0an, 2498, 2920.--Comp. gum-f\u00ea\u00f0a.\n\nf\u00ea\u00f0e, st. n., _gait, going, pace_: dat. sg. w\u00e4s t\u00f4 foremihtig fe\u00f3nd on\nf\u00ea\u00f0e, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (i.e. could flee too fast), 971.\n\nf\u00ea\u00f0e-cempa, w. m., _foot-soldier_: nom. sg., 1545, 2854.\n\nf\u00ea\u00f0e-g\u00e4st, st. m., _guest coming on foot_: dat. pl. f\u00ea\u00f0e-gestum, 1977.\n\nf\u00ea\u00f0e-l\u00e2st, st. m., _signs of going, footprint_: dat. pl. f\u00eardon for\u00f0 \u00feonon\nf\u00ea\u00f0e-l\u00e2stum, _went forth from there upon their trail_, i.e. by the same way\nthat they had gone, 1633.\n\nf\u00ea\u00f0e-w\u00eeg, st. m., _battle on foot_: gen. sg. nealles Hetware hr\u00eamge \u00feorfton\n(sc. wesan) f\u00ea\u00f0e-w\u00eeges, 2365.\n\nf\u00eal (= fe\u00f3l), st. f. _file_: gen. pl. f\u00eala l\u00e2fe, _what the files have left\nbehind_ (that is, the swords), 1033.\n\nf\u00earan, w. v., iter (A.S. f\u00f4r) facere, _to come, to go, to travel_: pres.\nsubj. II. pl. \u00e6r ge ... on land Dena fur\u00f0ur f\u00earan, _ere you go farther into\nthe land of the Danes_, 254; inf. f\u00earan on fre\u00e1n w\u00e6re (_to die_), 27;\ngewiton him \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00earan (_set out upon their way_), 301; m\u00e6l is me t\u00f4 f\u00earan,\n316; f\u00earan ... gang sce\u00e1wigan, _go, so as to see the footprints_, 1391;\nw\u00eede f\u00earan, 2262; pret. f\u00eardon folctogan ... wundor sce\u00e1wian, _the princes\ncame to see the wonder_, 840; f\u00eardon for\u00f0, 1633.\n\nge-f\u00earan: 1) adire, _to arrive at_: pres. subj. \u00feonne eorl ende gef\u00eare\nl\u00eefgesceafta, _reach the end of life_, 3064; pret. part. h\u00e4fde \u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0er\nende gef\u00eared l\u00e6nan l\u00eefes, _frail life's end had both reached_, 2845.--2)\n_to reach, to accomplish, to bring about_: pret. hafast \u00feu gef\u00eared \u00fe\u00e4t ...,\n1222, 1856.--3) _to behave one's self, to conduct one's self_: pret. fr\u00eacne\ngef\u00eardon, _had shown themselves daring_, 1692.\n\nfeal, st. m., _fall_: in comp. w\u00e4l-feal.\n\nfeallan, st. v., _to fall, to fall headlong_: inf. feallan, 1071; pret. sg.\n\u00fe\u00e4t he on hrusan ne fe\u00f3l, _that it_ (the hall) _did not fall to the\nground_, 773; similarly, fe\u00f3ll on foldan, 2976; fe\u00f3ll on f\u00ea\u00f0an (dat. sg.),\n_fell in the band_ (of his warriors), 2920; pret. pl. \u00feonne walu fe\u00f3llon,\n1043.\n\nbe-feallen, pret. part. w. dat. or instr., _deprived of, robbed_: fre\u00f3ndum\nbefeallen, _robbed of friends_, 1127; sceal se hearda helm ... f\u00e4tum\nbefeallen (sc. wesan), _be robbed of its gold mountings_ (the gold mounting\nwill fall away from it moldering), 2257.\n\nge-feallan, _to fall, to sink down_: pres. sg. III. \u00fe\u00e4t se l\u00eec-homa ...\nf\u00e6ge gefealle\u00f0, _that the body doomed to die sinks down_, 1756.--Also, with\nthe acc. of the place whither: pret. meregrund gefe\u00f3ll, 2101; he eor\u00f0an\ngefe\u00f3ll, 2835.\n\nfealu, adj., _fallow, dun-colored, tawny_: acc. sg. ofer fealone fl\u00f4d\n(_over the sea_), 1951; fealwe str\u00e6te (with reference to 320), 917; acc.\npl. l\u00eaton on gefl\u00eet faran fealwe mearas, 866.--Comp. \u00e4ppel-fealo.\n\nfeax, st. n., _hair, hair of the head_: dat. sg. w\u00e4s be feaxe on flet boren\nGrendles he\u00e1fod, _was carried by the hair into the hall_, 1648; him ...\nsw\u00e2t ... sprong for\u00f0 under fexe, _the blood sprang out under the hair of\nhis head_, 2968.--Comp.: blonden-, gamol-, wunden-feax.\n\nge-fe\u00e1, w. m., _joy_: acc. sg. \u00fe\u00e6re fylle gefe\u00e1n, _joy at the abundant\nrepast_, 562; ic \u00fe\u00e4s ealles m\u00e4g ... gefe\u00e1n habban (_can rejoice at all\nthis_), 2741.\n\nfe\u00e1, adj., _few_ dat. pl. nemne fe\u00e1um \u00e2num, _except some few_, 1082; gen.\npl. fe\u00e1ra sum, _as one of a few, with a few_, 1413; fe\u00e1ra sumne, _one of a\nfew (some few)_, 3062. With gen. following: acc. pl. fe\u00e1 worda cw\u00e4\u00f0, _spoke\nfew words_, 2663, 2247.\n\nfe\u00e1-sceaft, adj., _miserable, unhappy, helpless_: nom. sg. sy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e6rest\nwear\u00f0 fe\u00e1sceaft funden, 7; fe\u00e1sceaft guma (Grendel), 974; dat. sg.\nfe\u00e1sceaftum men, 2286; E\u00e1dgilse ... fe\u00e1sceaftum, 2394; nom. pl. fe\u00e1sceafte\n(the Ge\u00e1tas robbed of their king, Hygel\u00e2c), 2374.\n\nfeoh, fe\u00f3, st. n., (_properly cattle, herd_) here, _possessions, property,\ntreasure_: instr. sg. ne wolde ... feorh-bealo fe\u00f3 \u00feingian, _would not\nallay life's evil for treasure_ (tribute), 156; similarly, \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e fe\u00f3\n\u00feingode, 470; ic \u00fee \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e fe\u00f3 le\u00e1nige, 1381.\n\nge-feohan, ge-fe\u00f3n, st. v. w. gen. and instr., _to enjoy one's self, to\nrejoice at something_: a) w. gen.: pret. sg. ne gefeah he \u00fe\u00e6re f\u00e6h\u00f0e, 109;\nhilde gefeh, beado-weorces, 2299; pl. fylle gef\u00e6gon, _enjoyed themselves at\nthe bounteous repast_, 1015; \u00fee\u00f3dnes gef\u00eagon, _rejoiced at_ (the return of)\n_the ruler_, 1628.--b) w. instr.: niht-weorce gefeh, ellen-m\u00e6r\u00f0um, 828;\nsecg weorce gefeh, 1570; s\u00e6l\u00e2ce gefeah, m\u00e4gen-byr\u00f0enne \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee he him mid\nh\u00e4fde, _rejoiced at the gift of the sea, and at the great burden of that_\n(Grendel's head and the sword-hilt) _which he had with him_, 1625.\n\nfeoh-gift, -gyft, st. f., _bestowing of gifts_ or _treasures_: gen. sg.\n\u00fe\u00e6re feoh-gyfte, 1026; dat. pl. \u00e4t feohgyftum, 1090; fromum feohgiftum,\n_with rich gifts_, 21.\n\nfeoh-le\u00e1s, adj., _that cannot be atoned for through gifts_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t\nw\u00e4s feoh-le\u00e1s gefeoht, _a deed of arms that cannot be expiated_ (the\nkilling of his brother by H\u00e6\u00f0cyn), 2442.\n\nge-feoht, st. n., _combat; warlike deed_: nom. sg. (the killing of his\nbrother by H\u00e6\u00f0cyn), 2442; dat. sg. m\u00eace \u00feone \u00fe\u00een fader t\u00f4 gefeohte b\u00e4r,\n_the sword which thy father bore to the combat_, 2049.\n\nge-feohtan, st. v., _to fight_: inf. w. acc. ne mehte ... w\u00eeg Hengeste wiht\ngefeohtan (_could by no means offer Hengest battle_), 1084.\n\nfeohte, w. f., _combat_: acc. sg. feohtan, 576, 960. See were-fyhte.\n\nfeor, adj., _far, remote_: nom. sg. nis \u00fe\u00e4t feor heonon, 1362; n\u00e4s him feor\n\u00feanon t\u00f4 ges\u00eacanne sinces bryttan, 1922; acc. sg. feor eal (_all that is\nfar, past_), 1702.\n\nfeor, adv., _far, far away_: a) of space, 42, 109, 809, 1806, 1917; feor\nand (o\u00f0\u00f0e) ne\u00e1h, _far and (or) near_, 1222, 2871; feorr, 2267.--b) of time:\nge feor hafa\u00f0 f\u00e6h\u00f0e gest\u00e6led (_has placed us under her enmity henceforth_),\n1341.\n\nComparative, fyr, feorr, and feor: fyr and f\u00e4stor, 143; fyr, 252; feorr,\n1989; feor, 542.\n\nfeor-b\u00fbend, pt., _dwelling far away_: nom. pl. ge feor-b\u00fbend, 254.\n\nfeor-c\u00fd\u00f0, st. f., _home of those living far away, distant land_: nom, pl.\nfeor-c\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e be\u00f3\u00f0 s\u00ealran ges\u00f4hte \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee him selfa de\u00e1h, _foreign lands are\nbetter sought by him who trusts to his own ability_, 1839.\n\nfeorh, ferh (Goth. fairhvu-s, _world_), st. m. and n., _life, principle of\nlife, soul_: nom. sg. feorh, 2124; n\u00f4 \u00feon lange w\u00e4s feorh \u00e4\u00f0elinges fl\u00e6sce\nbewunden, _not for much longer was the soul of the prince enveloped in the\nbody_ (he was near death), 2425; ferh ellen wr\u00e4c, _life expelled the\nstrength_ (i.e. with the departing life the strength disappeared also),\n2707; acc. sg. feorh ealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; feorh gehealdan, _preserve\nhis life_, 2857; feorh \u00e2legde, _gave up his life_, 852; similarly, \u00e6r he\nfeorh sele\u00f0, 1371; feorh o\u00f0ferede, _tore away her life_, 2142; \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hie\nforl\u00e6ddan t\u00f4 \u00feam lindplegan sw\u00e6se ges\u00ee\u00f0as ond hyra sylfra feorh, _till in\nan evil hour they carried into battle their dear companions and their\nlives_ (i.e. led them to their death), 2041; gif \u00feu \u00fe\u00een feorh hafast, 1850;\nymb feorh sacan (_to fight for life_), 439; w\u00e4s in feorh dropen, _was\nwounded into his life_, i.e. mortally, 2982; w\u00eedan feorh, as temporal acc.,\n_through a wide life_, i.e. always, 2015; dat. sg. feore, 1294, 1549; t\u00f4\nw\u00eedan feore, _for a wide life_, i.e. at all times, 934; on sw\u00e2 geongum\nfeore (_at a so youthful age_), 1844; as instr., 578, 3014; gen. sg.\nfeores, 1434, 1943; dat. pl. b\u00fbton ... feorum gumena, 73; fre\u00f3nda feorum,\n1307.--Also, _body, corpse_: \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s heal hroden fe\u00f3nda feorum (_the hall\nwas covered with the slain of the enemy_), 1153; gehwearf \u00fe\u00e2 in Francna\nf\u00e4\u00f0m feorh cyninges, _then the body of the king_ (Hygel\u00e2c) _fell into the\npower of the Franks_, 1211. --Comp. geogo\u00f0-feorh.\n\nfeorh-bana, w. m., _(life-slayer), man-slayer, murderer_: dat. sg.\nfeorh-bonan, 2466.\n\nfeorh-ben, st. f., _wound that takes away life, mortal wound_: dat.\n(instr.) pl. feorh-bennum se\u00f3c, 2741.\n\nfeorh-bealu, st. n., _evil destroying life, violent death_: nom. sg., 2078,\n2251, 2538; acc. sg., 156.\n\nfeorh-cyn, st. n., _race of the living, mankind_: gen. pl. fela\nfeorh-cynna, 2267.\n\nfeorh-gen\u00ee\u00f0la, w. m., _he who seeks life, life's enemy_ (N.H.G. Tod-feind),\n_mortal enemy_: acc. sg. -gen\u00ee\u00f0lan, 1541; dat. sg. -gen\u00ee\u00f0lan, 970; acc. sg.\nbr\u00e6gd feorh-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan, 1541; acc. pl. folgode feorh-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan, (Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w)\n_pursued his mortal enemies_, 2934.\n\nfeorh-lagu, st. f., _the life allotted to anyone, life determined by fate_:\nacc. sg. on m\u00e2\u00f0ma hord mine (m\u00eenne, MS.) bebohte fr\u00f4de feorh-lege, _for the\ntreasure-hoard I sold my old life_, 2801.\n\nfeorh-l\u00e2st, st. m., _trace of (vanishing) life, sign of death _: acc. pl.\nfeorh-l\u00e2stas b\u00e4r, 847.\n\nfeorh-se\u00f3c, adj., _mortally wounded_: nom. sg., 821.\n\nfeorh-sweng, st. m., _(stroke robbing of life), fatal blow_: acc. sg.,\n2490.\n\nfeorh-wund, st. f., _mortal wound, fatal injury_: acc. sg. feorh-wunde\nhle\u00e1t, 2386.\n\nfeorm, st. f., _subsistence, entertainment_: acc. sg. n\u00f4 \u00feu ymb m\u00eenes ne\n\u00feearft l\u00eeces feorme leng sorgian, _thou needest no longer have care for the\nsustenance of my body_, 451.--2) _banquet_: dat. on feorme (or feorme,\nMS.), 2386.\n\nfeormend-le\u00e1s, adj., _wanting the. cleanser_: acc. pl. geseah ...\nfyrn-manna fatu feormend-le\u00e1se, 2762.\n\nfeormian, w. v., _to clean, to cleanse, to polish_: pres. part. nom pl.\nfeormiend swefa\u00f0 (feormynd, MS.), 2257.\n\nge-feormian, w. v., _to feast, to eat_; pret. part. s\u00f4na h\u00e4fde unlyfigendes\neal gefeormod f\u00eat and folma, 745.\n\nfeorran, w. v., w. acc., _to remove_: inf. sibbe ne wolde wi\u00f0 manna hwone\nm\u00e4genes Deniga feorh-bealo feorran, fe\u00f3 \u00feingian, (Grendel) _would not from\nfriendship free any one of the men of the Danes of life's evil, nor allay\nit for tribute_, 156.\n\nfeorran, adv., _from afar_: a) of space, 361, 430, 826, 1371, 1820, etc.;\nsi\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e4\u00f0elingas feorran gefricgean fle\u00e1m e\u00f3werne, _when noble men afar\nlearn of your flight_ (when the news of your flight reaches distant lands),\n2890; f\u00eardon folctogan feorran and ne\u00e1n, _from far and from near_, 840;\nsimilarly, ne\u00e1n and feorran \u00feu nu [fri\u00f0u] hafast, 1175; w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4s wyrmes w\u00eeg\nw\u00eede ges\u00fdne ... ne\u00e1n and feorran, _visible from afar, far and near_,\n2318.--b) temporal: se \u00fee c\u00fb\u00f0e frumsceaft fira feorran reccan (_since\nremote antiquity_), 91; similarly, feorran rehte, 2107.\n\nfeorran-cund, adj., _foreign-born_: dat. sg. feorran-cundum, 1796.\n\nfeor-weg, st. m., _far way_: dat. pl. m\u00e2dma fela of feorwegum, _many\nprecious things from distant paths_ (from foreign lands), 37.\n\nge-fe\u00f3n. See feohan.\n\nfe\u00f3nd, st. m., _enemy_: nom. sg., 164, 726, 749; fe\u00f3nd on helle (Grendel),\n101; acc. sg., 279, 1865, 2707; dat. sg. fe\u00f3nde, 143, 439; gen. sg.\nfe\u00f3ndes, 985, 2129, 2290; acc, pl. fe\u00f3nd, 699; dat. pl. fe\u00f3ndum, 420, 1670;\ngen. pl. feonda 294, 809, 904.\n\nfe\u00f3nd-gr\u00e2p, st. f., _foe's clutch_: dat. (instr.) pl. fe\u00f3nd-gr\u00e2pum f\u00e4st,\n637.\n\nfe\u00f3nd-scea\u00f0a, w. m., _one who is an enemy and a robber_: nom. sg. f\u00e2h\nfe\u00f3nd-sca\u00f0a (_a hostile sea-monster_), 554.\n\nfe\u00f3nd-scipe, st. m., _hostility_: nom. sg., 3000.\n\nfe\u00f3wer, num., _four_: nom. fe\u00f3wer bearn, 59; fe\u00f3wer mearas, 2164; fe\u00f3wer,\nas substantive, 1638; acc. fe\u00f3wer m\u00e2\u00f0mas, 1028.\n\nfe\u00f3wer-tyne, num., _fourteen_: nom. with following gen. pl. fe\u00f3wertyne\nGe\u00e1ta, 1642.\n\nfindan, st. v., _to find, to invent, to attain_: a) with simple object in\nacc.: inf. \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee he c\u00eanoste findan mihte, 207; swylce hie at Finnes-h\u00e2m\nfindan meahton sigla searo-gimma, 1157; similarly, 2871; m\u00e4g \u00fe\u00e6r fela\nfre\u00f3nda findan, 1839; wolde guman findan, 2295; sw\u00e2 hyt weor\u00f0l\u00eecost\nfore-snotre men findan mihton, _so splendidly as only very wise men could\ndevise it_, 3164; pret. sg. heal\u00feegnas fand, 720; word \u00f4\u00f0er fand, _found\nother words_, i.e. went on to another narrative, 871; grimne gryrel\u00eecne\ngrund-hyrde fond, 2137; \u00fe\u00e4t ic g\u00f4dne funde be\u00e1ga bryttan, 1487; pret. part.\nsy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e6rest wear\u00f0 fe\u00e1sceaft funden (_discovered_), 7.--b) with acc. and\npred. adj.: pret. sg. dryhten s\u00eenne dri\u00f3rigne fand, 2790.--c) with acc. and\ninf.: pret. fand \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r inne \u00e4\u00f0elinga gedriht swefan, 118; fand w\u00e4ccendne\nwer w\u00eeges b\u00eedan, 1268; hord-wynne fond opene standan, 2271; \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t he\nfyrgen-be\u00e1mas ... hleonian funde, 1416; pret. pl. fundon \u00fe\u00e2 s\u00e2wulle\u00e1sne\nhlim-bed healdan, 3034.--d) with dependent clause: inf. n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r fe\u00e1sceafte\nfindan meahton \u00e4t \u00feam \u00e4\u00f0elinge \u00fe\u00e4t he Heardr\u00eade hl\u00e2ford w\u00e6re (_could by no\nmeans obtain it from the prince_), 2374.\n\non-findan, _to be sensible of, to perceive, to notice_: a) w. acc.: pret.\nsg. landweard onfand efts\u00ee\u00f0 eorla, _the coast-guard observed the return of\nthe earls_, 1892; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 he\u00f3 onfunden w\u00e4s (_was discovered_),\n1294.--b) w. depend, clause: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 se gist onfand \u00fe\u00e4t se beado-le\u00f3ma\nb\u00eetan nolde, _the stranger_ (Be\u00f3wulf) _perceived that the sword would not\ncut_, 1523; s\u00f4na \u00fe\u00e4t onfunde, \u00fe\u00e4t ..., _immediately perceived that_...,\n751; similarly, 810, 1498.\n\nfinger, st. m., _finger_: nom. pl. fingras, 761; acc. pl. fingras, 985;\ndat. (instr.) pl. fingrum, 1506; gen. pl. fingra, 765.\n\nfiras, fyras (O.H.G. firah\u00ee, i.e. _the living_; cf. feorh), st. m., only in\npl., _men_: gen. pl. fira, 91, 2742; monegum fira, 2002; fyra gehwylcne\nle\u00f3da m\u00eenra, 2251; fira fyrngeweorc, 2287.\n\nfiren, fyren, st. f., _cunning waylaying, insidious hostility, malice,\noutrage_: nom. sg. fyren, 916; acc. sg. fyrene and f\u00e6h\u00f0e, 153; f\u00e6h\u00f0e and\nfyrene, 880, 2481; firen' ondrysne, 1933; dat. sg. fore f\u00e6h\u00f0e and fyrene,\n137; gen. pl. fyrena, 164, 629; and fyrene, 812; fyrena hyrde (of Grendel),\n751. The dat. pl., fyrenum, is used adverbially in the sense of\n_maliciously_, 1745, or _fallaciously_, with reference to H\u00e6\u00f0cyn's killing\nHerebeald, which was done unintentionally, 2442.\n\nfiren-d\u00e6d, st. f., _wicked deed_: acc. pl. fyren-d\u00e6da, 1670; instr. pl.\nfyren-d\u00e6dum, 1002; both times of Grendel and his mother, with reference to\ntheir nocturnal inroads.\n\nfiren-\u00feearf, st. f., _misery through the malignity of enemies_: acc. sg.\nfyren-\u00feearfe, 14.\n\nfirgen-be\u00e1m, st. m., _tree of a mountain-forest_: acc. pl. fyrgen-be\u00e1mas,\n1415.\n\nfirgen-holt, st. m., _mountain-wood, mountain-forest_: acc. sg. on\nfyrgen-holt, 1394.\n\nfirgen-stre\u00e1m, st. m., _mountain-stream_: nom. sg. fyrgen-stre\u00e1m, 1360;\nacc. sg. under fyrgen-stre\u00e1m (marks the place where the mountain-stream,\naccording to 1360, empties into Grendel's sea), 2129.\n\nfisc, st. m., _fish_: in comp. hron-, mere-fisc.\n\nf\u00eef, num., _five_: uninflect. gen. f\u00eef nihta fyrst, 545; acc. f\u00eefe (?),\n420.\n\nf\u00eefel-cyn (O.N. f\u00eefl, stultus and gigas), st. n., _giant-race_: gen. sg.\nf\u00eefelcynnes eard, 104.\n\nf\u00eef-tene, f\u00eef-tyne, num., _fifteen_: acc. f\u00fdftyne, 1583; gen. f\u00eeftena sum,\n207.\n\nf\u00eef-tig, num., _fifty_: 1) as substantive with gen. following; acc. f\u00eeftig\nwintra, 2734; gen. se w\u00e4s f\u00eeftiges f\u00f4t-gemearces lang, 3043.--2) as\nadjective: acc. f\u00eeftig wintru, 2210.\n\nfl\u00e2n, st. m., _arrow_: dat. sg. fl\u00e2ne, 3120; as instr., 2439.\n\nfl\u00e2n-boga, w. m., _bow which shoots the fl\u00e2n, bow_: dat. sg. of fl\u00e2n-bogan,\n1434, 1745.\n\nfl\u00e6sc, st. n., _flesh, body in contrast with soul_: instr. sg. n\u00f4 \u00feon lange\nw\u00e4s feorh \u00e4\u00f0elinges fl\u00e6sce bewunden, _not much longer was the son of the\nprince contained in his body_, 2425.\n\nfl\u00e6sc-hama, w. m., _clothing of flesh_, i.e. the body: acc. sg.\nfl\u00e6sc-homan, 1569.\n\nflet, st. n.: 1) _ground, floor of a hall_: acc. sg. he\u00f3 on flet gebe\u00e1h,\n_fell to the ground_, 1541; similarly, 1569.--2) _hall, mansion_: nom. sg.\n1977; acc. sg. flet, 1037, 1648, 1950, 2018, etc.; flett, 2035; \u00fe\u00e4t hie him\n\u00f4\u00f0er flet eal ger\u00fdmdon, _that they should give up entirely to them another\nhall_, 1087; dat. sg. on flette, 1026.\n\nflet-r\u00e4st, st. f., _resting-place in the hall_: acc. sg. flet-r\u00e4ste gebe\u00e1g,\n_reclined upon the couch in the hall_, 1242.\n\nflet-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_: acc. pl -sittende, 2023;\ndat. pl. -sittendum, 1789.\n\nflet-werod, st. n., _troop from the hall_: nom. sg., 476.\n\nfle\u00e1m, st. m., _flight_: acc. sg. on fle\u00e1m gewand, _had turned to flight_,\n1002; fle\u00e1m e\u00f3werne, 2890.\n\nfle\u00f3gan, st. v., _to fly_: prs. sg. III. fle\u00f3ge\u00f0, 2274.\n\nfle\u00f3n, st. v., _to flee_: inf. on heolster fle\u00f3n, 756; fle\u00f3n on fenhopu,\n765; fle\u00f3n under fen-hleo\u00f0u, 821; pret. hete-swengeas fle\u00e1h, 2226.\n\nbe-fle\u00f3n, w. acc., _to avoid, to escape_: gerund n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fd\u00f0e by\u00f0 t\u00f4\nbefle\u00f3nne, _that is not easy_ (i.e. not at all) _to be avoided_, 1004.\n\nofer-fle\u00f3n, w. acc., _to flee from one, to yield_: inf. nelle ic beorges\nweard oferfle\u00f3n f\u00f4tes trem, _will not yield to the warder of the mountain_\n(the drake) _a foot's breadth_, 2526.\n\nfle\u00f3tan, st. v., _to float upon the water, to swim_: inf. n\u00f4 he wiht fram\nme fl\u00f4d-\u00fd\u00f0um feor fle\u00f3tan meahte. hra\u00f0or on helme, _no whit, could he swim\nfrom me farther on the waves_ (regarded as instrumental, so that the waves\nmarked the distance), _more swiftly in the sea_, 542; pret. s\u00e6genga fle\u00e1t\nf\u00e2migheals for\u00f0 ofer \u00fd\u00f0e, _floated away over the waves_, 1910.\n\nfliht. See flyht.\n\nflitme. See un-flitme.\n\nfl\u00eetan, st. v., _to exert one's self, to strive, to emulate_: pres. part.\nfl\u00eetende fealwe str\u00e6te mearum m\u00e6ton (_rode a race_), 917; pret. sg. II.\neart \u00feu se Be\u00f3wulf, se \u00fee wi\u00f0 Brecan ... ymb sund flite, _art thou the\nBe\u00f3wulf who once contended with Breca for the prize in swimming?_ 507.\n\nofer-fl\u00eetan, _to surpass one in a contest, to conquer, to overcome_: pret.\nw. acc. he \u00fee \u00e4t sunde oferfl\u00e2t (_overcome thee in a swimming-wager_), 517.\n\nge-fl\u00eet, st. n., _emulation_: acc. sg. l\u00eaton on gefl\u00eet faran fealwe mearas,\n_let the fallow horses go in emulation_, 866.\n\nfloga, w. m., _flyer_; in the compounds: g\u00fb\u00f0-, lyft-, uht-, w\u00ee\u00f0-floga.\n\nflota (see fle\u00f3tan), w. m., _float, ship, boat_: nom. sg., 210, 218, 301;\nacc. sg. flotan e\u00f3werne, 294.--Comp. w\u00e6g-flota.\n\nflot-here, st. m., _fleet_: instr. sg. cwom faran flotherge on Fresna land,\n2916.\n\nfl\u00f4d, st. m., _flood, stream, sea-current_: nom. sg., 545, 580, 1362, etc.;\nacc. sg. fl\u00f4d, 3134; ofer fealone fl\u00f4d, 1951; dat. sg. t\u00f4 fl\u00f4de, 1889; gen.\npl. fl\u00f4da begong, _the region of floods_, i.e. the sea, 1498, 1827; fl\u00f4da\ngenipu, 2809.\n\nfl\u00f4d-\u00fd\u00f0, st. f., _flood-wave_: instr. pl. fl\u00f4d-\u00fd\u00f0um, 542.\n\nfl\u00f4r, st. m., _floor, stone-floor_: acc. sg. on f\u00e2gne fl\u00f4r (the floor was\nprobably a kind of mosaic, made of colored flags), 726; dat. sg. gang \u00fe\u00e2\n\u00e4fter fl\u00f4re, _along the floor_ (i.e. along the hall), 1317.\n\nflyht, fliht, st. m., _flight_: nom. sg. g\u00e2res fliht, _flight of the\nspear_, 1766.\n\nge-fl\u00fdman, w. v., _to put to flight_: pret. part. gefl\u00fdmed, 847, 1371.\n\nfolc, st. n., _troop, band of warriors; folk_, in the sense of the whole\nbody of the fighting men of a nation: acc. sg. folc, 522, 694, 912; S\u00fb\u00f0dene\nfolc, 464; folc and r\u00eece, 1180; dat. sg. folce, 14, 2596; folce Deninga,\n465; as instr. folce gestepte ofer s\u00e6 s\u00eede, _went with a band of warriors\nover the wide sea_, 2394; gen. sg. folces, 1125; folces Denigea, 1583.--The\nking is called folces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2645, 2982; fre\u00e1wine folces, 2358;\nor folces weard, 2514. The queen, folces cw\u00ean, 1933.--The pl., in the sense\nof _warriors, fighting men_: nom. pl. folc, 1423, 2949; dat. pl. folcum,\n55, 262, 1856; gen. pl. fre\u00f3- (fre\u00e1-) wine folca, _of the king_, 430, 2430;\nfri\u00f0u-sibb folca, _of the queen_, 2018.--Comp. sige-folc.\n\nfolc-\u00e2gend, pres. part., _leader of a band of warriors_: nom. pl.\nfolc-\u00e2gende, 3114.\n\nfolc-beorn, st. m., _man of the multitude, a common man_: nom. sg.\nfolc-beorn, 2222.\n\nfolc-cw\u00ean, st. f., _queen of a warlike host_: nom. sg., of Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w, 642.\n\nfolc-cyning, st. m., _king of a warlike host_: nom. sg., 2734, 2874.\n\nfolc-r\u00e6d, st. m, _what best serves a warlike host_: acc. sg., 3007.\n\nfolc-riht, st. n., _the rights of the fighting men of a nation_: gen. pl.\nhim \u00e6r forgeaf ... folcrihta gehwylc, sw\u00e2 his f\u00e4der \u00e2hte, 2609.\n\nfolc-scearu, st. f., _part of a host of warriors, nation_: dat. sg.\nfolc-scare, 73.\n\nfolc-stede, st. m., _position of a band of warriors, place where a band of\nwarriors is quartered_: acc. sg. folcstede, of the hall, Heorot, 76;\nfolcstede f\u00e2ra (_the battle-field_), 1464.\n\nfolc-toga, w. m., _leader of a body of warriors, duke_: nom. pl., powerful\nliege-men of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r are called folc-togan, 840.\n\nfold-bold, st. n., _earth-house_ (i.e. a house on earth in contrast with a\ndwelling in heaven): nom. sg. f\u00e4ger fold-bold, of the hall, Heorot, 774.\n\nfold-b\u00fbend, pres. part. _dweller on earth, man_: nom. pl. fold-b\u00fbend, 2275;\nfold-b\u00fbende, 1356; dat. pl. fold-b\u00fbendum, 309.\n\nfolde, w. f., _earth, ground_: acc. sg. under foldan, 1362; fe\u00f3ll on\nfoldan, 2976; gen. sg. foldan bearm, _the bosom of the earth_, 1138; foldan\nsce\u00e1tas, 96; foldan f\u00e4\u00f0m, 1394.--Also, _earth, world_: dat. sg. on foldan,\n1197.\n\nfold-weg, st. m., _field-way, road through the country_: acc. sg. fold-weg,\n1634; acc. pl. fold-wegas, 867.\n\nfolgian, w. v.: 1) _to perform vassal-duty, to serve, to follow_: pret. pl.\n\u00fee\u00e1h hie hira be\u00e1ggyfan banan folgedon, _although they followed the\nmurderer of their prince_, 1103.--2) _to pursue, to follow after_: folgode\nfeorh-gen\u00ee\u00f0lan (acc. pl.) 2934.\n\nfolm, st. f, _hand_: acc. sg. folme, 971, 1304; dat. sg. mid folme, 743;\nacc. pl. f\u00eat and folma, _feet and hands_, 746; dat. pl. t\u00f4 banan folmum,\n158; folmum (instr.), 723, 993.--Comp.: beado-, gearo-folm.\n\nfor, prep. w. dat., instr., and acc.: 1) w. dat. local, _before_, ante: \u00fe\u00e4t\nhe for eaxlum gest\u00f4d Deniga fre\u00e1n, 358; for hl\u00e2we, 1121.--b) _before_,\ncoram, in conspectu: no he \u00fe\u00e6re feohgyfte for sce\u00f3tendum scamigan \u00feorfte,\n_had no need to be ashamed of the gift before the warriors_, 1027; for \u00fe\u00e4m\nwerede, 1216; for eorlum, 1650; for dugu\u00f0e, _before the noble band of\nwarriors_, 2021.--Causal, a) to denote a subjective motive, _on account of,\nthrough, from_: for wlenco, _from bravery, through warlike courage_, 338,\n1207; for wlence, 508; for his wonh\u00fddum, 434; for onm\u00eadlan, 2927, etc.--b)\nobjective, partly denoting a cause, _through, from, by reason of_: for\nmetode, _for the creator, on account of the creator_, 169; for \u00fere\u00e1n\u00fddum,\n833; for \u00fere\u00e1n\u00eadlan, 2225; for dolgilpe, _on account of, in accordance with\nthe promise of bold deeds_ (because you claimed bold deeds for yourself),\n509; him for hr\u00f4fsele hr\u00eenan ne mehte f\u00e6r-gripe fl\u00f4des, _on account of the\nroofed hall the malicious grasp of the flood could not reach him_, 1516;\nl\u00eeg-egesan w\u00e4g for horde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the treasure_,\n2782; for mundgripe m\u00eenum, _on account of, through the gripe of my hand_,\n966; for \u00fe\u00e4s hildfruman hondgeweorce, 2836; for swenge, _through the\nstroke_, 2967; ne meahte ... de\u00f3p ged\u00fdgan for dracan l\u00eage, _could not hold\nout in the deep on account of the heat of the drake_, 2550. Here may be\nadded such passages as ic \u00fe\u00e4m g\u00f4dan sceal for his m\u00f4d\u00fer\u00e4ce m\u00e2\u00f0mas be\u00f3dan,\n_will offer him treasures on account of his boldness of character, for his\nhigh courage_, 385; ful-oft for l\u00e4ssan le\u00e1n teohhode, _gave often reward\nfor what was inferior_, 952; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not uneasy about\nhis life_, 1443; similarly, 1538. Also denoting purpose: for \u00e2rstafum, _to\nthe assistance_, 382, 458.--2) w. instr. causal, _because of, for_: he hine\nfeor forwr\u00e4c for \u00fe\u00fd mane, 110.--3) w. acc., _for, as, instead of_: for sunu\nfre\u00f3gan, _love as a son_, 948; for sunu habban, 1176; ne him \u00fe\u00e4s wyrmes w\u00eeg\nfor wiht dyde, _held the drake's fighting as nothing_, 2349.\n\nforan, adv., _before, among the first, forward_: si\u00f0\u00f0an ... sce\u00e1wedon\nfe\u00f3ndes fingras, foran \u00e6ghwylc (_each before himself_), 985; \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s \u00e2n\nforan ealdgestre\u00f3na, _that was one among the first of the old treasures_,\ni.e. a splendid old treasure, 1459; \u00fee him foran onge\u00e1n linde b\u00e6ron, _bore\ntheir shields forward against him_ (went out to fight against him), 2365.\n\nbe-foran: 1) adv., local, _before_: he ... beforan gengde, _went before_,\n1413; temporal, _before, earlier_, 2498.--2) prep. w. acc. _before_, in\nconspectu: m\u00e6re m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-sweord manige ges\u00e2won beforan beorn beran, 1025.\n\nford, st. m., _ford, water-way_: acc. sg. ymb brontne ford, 568.\n\nfor\u00f0: 1) local, _forth, hither, near_: for\u00f0 near \u00e4tst\u00f4p, _approached\nnearer_, 746; \u00fe\u00e2 cwom Wealh\u00fee\u00f3 for\u00f0 g\u00e2n, 1163; similarly, 613; him sele\u00feegn\nfor\u00f0 w\u00eesade, _led him_ (Be\u00f3wulf) _forth_ (to the couch that had been\nprepared for him in Heorot), 1796; \u00fe\u00e4t him sw\u00e2t sprong for\u00f0 under fexe,\n_forth under the hair of his head_, 2968. _Forward, further_: gew\u00eeta\u00f0 for\u00f0\nberan w\u00e6pen and gew\u00e6du, 291; he t\u00f4 for\u00f0 gest\u00f4p, 2290; freo\u00f0o-wong \u00feone for\u00f0\nofereodon, 2960. _Away, forth_, 45, 904; fyrst for\u00f0 gew\u00e2t, _the time_ (of\nthe way to the ship) _was out_, i.e. they had arrived at the ship, 210; me\n... for\u00f0-gewitenum, _to me the departed_, 1480; f\u00eardon for\u00f0, _went forth_\n(from Grendel's sea), 1633; \u00feonne he for\u00f0 scile, _when he must (go) forth_,\ni.e. die, 3178; hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men for\u00f0 gefremede, _carried\nhim forth, over all men_, 1719.--2) temporal, _forth, from now on_: heald\nfor\u00f0 tela niwe sibbe, 949; ic sceal for\u00f0 sprecan gen ymbe Grendel, _shall\nfrom now on speak again of Grendel_, 2070. See fur\u00f0um and fur\u00f0or.\n\nfor\u00f0-ger\u00eemed, pres. part., _in unbroken succession_, 59.\n\nfor\u00f0-gesceaft, st. f., _that which is determined for farther on, future\ndestiny_: acc. sg. he \u00fe\u00e2 for\u00f0-gesceaft forgyte\u00f0 and forg\u00fdme\u00f0, 1751.\n\nfor\u00f0-weg, st. m., _road that leads away, journey_: he of ealdre gew\u00e2t fr\u00f4d\non for\u00f0-weg (_upon the way to the next world_), 2626.\n\nfore, prep. w. dat., local, _before_, coram, in conspectu: he\u00f3 fore \u00fe\u00e4m\nwerede spr\u00e4c, 1216. Causal, _through, for, because of_: n\u00f4 mearn fore f\u00e6h\u00f0e\nand fyrene, 136; fore f\u00e4der d\u00e6dum, _because of the father's deeds_,\n2060,--Allied to this is the meaning, _about_, de, super: \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s sang and\nsw\u00eag samod \u00e4tg\u00e4dere fore Healfdenes hildew\u00eesan, _song and music about\nHealfdene's general_ (the song of Hn\u00e4f), 1065.\n\nfore-m\u00e6re, adj., _renowned beyond (others)_, pr\u00e6clarus: superl. \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s\nfore-m\u00e6rost foldb\u00fbendum receda under roderum, 309.\n\nfore-mihtig, adj., _able beyond (others)_, pr\u00e6potens: nom. sg. w\u00e4s t\u00f4\nforemihtig fe\u00f3nd on f\u00ea\u00f0e, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (could flee\ntoo rapidly), 970.\n\nfore-snotor, adj., _wise beyond (others)_, sapientissimus: nom. pl.\nforesnotre men, 3164.\n\nfore-\u00feanc, st. m., _forethought, consideration, deliberation_: nom. sg.,\n1061.\n\nforht, adj., _fearful, cowardly_: nom. sg. forht, 2968; he on m\u00f4de wear\u00f0\nforht on ferh\u00f0e, 755.--Comp. unforht.\n\nforma, adj., _foremost, first_: nom. sg. forma s\u00ee\u00f0 (_the first time_), 717,\n1464, 1528, 2626; instr. sg. forman s\u00ee\u00f0e, 741, 2287; forman d\u00f4gore, 2574.\n\nfyrmest, adv. superl., _first of all, in the first place_: he fyrmest l\u00e4g,\n2078.\n\nforst, st. m., _frost, cold_: gen. sg. forstes bend, 1610.\n\nfor-\u00feam, for-\u00fean, for-\u00feon, adv. and conj., _therefore, on that account,\nthen_: for\u00feam, 149; for\u00fean, 418, 680, 1060; for\u00feon \u00fee, _because_, 503.\n\nf\u00f4n, st. v., _to catch, to grasp, to take hold, to take_: prs. sg. III.\nf\u00eah\u00f0 \u00f4\u00f0er t\u00f4, _another lays hold_ (takes possession), 1756; inf. ic mid\ngr\u00e2pe sceal f\u00f4n wi\u00f0 fe\u00f3nde, 439; pret. sg. him t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes f\u00eang, _caught at\nhim, grasped at him_, 1543; w. dat. he \u00fe\u00e2m fr\u00e4twum f\u00eang, _received the rich\nadornments_ (Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w's equipment), 2990.\n\nbe-f\u00f4n, _to surround, to ensnare, to encompass, to embrace_: pret. part.\nhyne s\u00e2r hafa\u00f0 ... nearwe befongen balwon bendum, 977; he\u00f3 \u00e4\u00f0elinga \u00e2nne\nh\u00e4fde f\u00e4ste befangen (_had seized him firmly_), 1296; helm ... befongen\nfre\u00e1wr\u00e2snum (_encircled by an ornament like a diadem_), 1452; fenne\nbifongen, _surrounded by the fen_, 2010; (draca) f\u00fdre befongen, _encircled\nby fire_, 2275, 2596; h\u00e4fde landwara l\u00eege befangen, _encompassed by fire_,\n2322.\n\nge-f\u00f4n, w. acc., _to seize, to grasp_: pret. he gef\u00eang sl\u00e6pendne rinc, 741;\ng\u00fb\u00f0rinc gef\u00eang atolan clommum, 1502; gef\u00eang \u00fe\u00e2 be eaxle ... G\u00fb\u00f0ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d\nGrendles m\u00f4dor, 1538; gef\u00eang \u00fe\u00e2 fetelhilt, 1564; hond rond gef\u00eang, geolwe\nlinde, 2610; ic on \u00f4foste gef\u00eang micle mid mundum m\u00e4gen-byr\u00f0enne, _hastily\nI seized with my hands the enormous burden_, 3091.\n\non-f\u00f4n, w. dat., _to receive, to accept, to take_: pres. imp. sg. onf\u00f4h\n\u00feissum fulle, _accept this cup_, 1170; inf. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fee\u00f3dnes bearn ...\nscolde f\u00e4der-\u00e4\u00f0elum onf\u00f4n, _receive the paternal rank_, 912; pret. sg. hw\u00e2\n\u00fe\u00e4m hl\u00e4ste onf\u00eang, _who received the ship's lading_, 52; hle\u00f3r-bolster\nonf\u00eang eorles andwlitan, _the pillow received the nobleman's face_, 689;\nsimilarly, 853, 1495; heal sw\u00eage onf\u00eang, _the hall received the loud\nnoise_, 1215; he onf\u00eang hra\u00f0e inwit-\u00feancum, _he_ (Be\u00f3wulf) _at once\nclutched him_ (Grendel) _devising malice_, 749.\n\n\u00feurh-f\u00f4n, w. acc., _to break through with grasping, to destroy by\ngrasping_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t he\u00f3 \u00feone fyrd-hom \u00feurh-f\u00f4n ne mihte, 1505.\n\nwi\u00f0-f\u00f4n, w. dat., _(to grasp at), to seize, to lay hold of_: pret. sg. him\nf\u00e4ste wi\u00f0-f\u00eang, 761.\n\nymbe-f\u00f4n, w. acc., _to encircle_: pret. heals ealne ymbef\u00eang biteran b\u00e2num,\n_encircled his_ (Be\u00f3wulf's) _whole neck with sharp bones_ (teeth), 2692.\n\nf\u00f4t, st. m., _foot_: gen. sg. f\u00f4tes trem (_the measure of a foot, a foot\nbroad_), 2526; acc. pl. f\u00eat, 746; dat. pl. \u00e4t f\u00f4tum, _at the feet_, 500,\n1167.\n\nf\u00f4t-gemearc, st. n., _measure, determining by feet, number of feet_: gen.\nsg. se w\u00e4s f\u00eeftiges f\u00f4tgemearces lang (_fifty feet long_), 3043.\n\nf\u00f4t-l\u00e2st, st. m., _foot-print_: acc. sg. (draca) onfand fe\u00f3ndes f\u00f4t-l\u00e2st,\n2290.\n\nfracod, adj., _objectionable, useless_. nom. sg. n\u00e4s se\u00f3 ecg fracod\nhilde-rince, 1576.\n\nfram, from, I. prep. w. dat. loc. _away from something_: \u00fe\u00e6r fram sylle\n\u00e2be\u00e1g medubenc monig, 776, 1716; \u00feanon eft gewiton ealdges\u00ee\u00f0as ... fram\nmere, 856; cyning-balde men from \u00fe\u00e4m holmclife hafelan b\u00e6ron, 1636;\nsimilarly, 541, 543, 2367. Standing after the dat.: he hine feor forwr\u00e4c\n... mancynne fram, 110; similarly, 1716. Also, _hither from something_: \u00fe\u00e2\nic cwom ... from fe\u00f3ndum, 420; \u00e6ghw\u00e4\u00f0rum w\u00e4s ... br\u00f4ga fram \u00f4\u00f0rum,\n2566.--Causal with verbs of saying and hearing, _of, about, concerning_:\ns\u00e4gdest from his s\u00ee\u00f0e, 532; n\u00f4 ic wiht fram \u00fee swylcra searo-n\u00ee\u00f0a secgan\nh\u00fdrde, 581; \u00fe\u00e4t he fram Sigemunde secgan hyrde, 876. II adv., _away,\nthence_: n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r fram meahte, 755; _forth, out_: from \u00e6rest cwom oru\u00f0\nagl\u00e6cean \u00fbt of st\u00e2ne, _the breath of the dragon came forth first from the\nrock_ 2557.\n\nfram, from, adj.: 1) _directed forwards, striving forwards_; in comp.\ns\u00ee\u00f0-fram.--2) _excellent, splendid_, of a man with reference to his warlike\nqualities: nom. sg. ic eom on m\u00f4de from, 2528; nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,\n1642, 2477. Of things: instr. pl. fromum feoh-giftum, 21.--Comp. un-from;\nsee freme, forma.\n\nge-fr\u00e4gen. See frignan.\n\nfr\u00e4twe, st. f. pl., _ornament, anything costly_, originally _carved\nobjects_ (cf. Dietrich in Hpts. Ztschr. X. 216 ff.), afterwards of any\ncostly and artistic work: acc. pl. fr\u00e4twe, 2920; beorhte fr\u00e4twe, 214;\nbeorhte fr\u00e4twa, 897; fr\u00e4twe.. eorclan-st\u00e2nas, 1208; fr\u00e4twe,...\nbre\u00f3st-weor\u00f0unge, 2504, both times of Hygel\u00e2c's collar; fr\u00e4twe and\nf\u00e4t-gold, 1922; fr\u00e4twe (Eanmund's sword and armor), 2621; dat. instr. pl.\n\u00fe\u00e2m fr\u00e4twum, 2164; on fr\u00e4tewum, 963; fr\u00e4twum (Hea\u00f0obeard sword) hr\u00eamig,\n2055; fr\u00e4twum, of the drake's treasures, 2785; fr\u00e4twum (Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w's armor),\n2990; gen. pl. fela ... fr\u00e4twa, 37; \u00fe\u00e2ra fr\u00e4twa (drake's treasure), 2795;\nfr\u00e4twa hyrde (drake), 3134.\n\nfr\u00e4twan, w. v., _to supply with ornaments, to adorn_: inf. folc-stede\nfr\u00e4twan, 76.\n\nge-fr\u00e4twian, w. v., _to adorn_: pret. sg. gefr\u00e4twade foldan sce\u00e1tas leomum\nand le\u00e1fum, 96; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s h\u00e2ten Heort innanweard folmum gefr\u00e4twod,\n993.\n\nge-fr\u00e6ge, adj., _known by reputation, renowned_: nom. sg. le\u00f3d-cyning ...\nfolcum gefr\u00e6ge, 55; sw\u00e2 hyt gefr\u00e6ge w\u00e4s, 2481.\n\nge-fr\u00e6ge, st. n., _information through hearsay_: instr. sg. mine gefr\u00e6ge\n(_as I learned through the narrative of others_), 777, 838, 1956, etc.\n\nge-fr\u00e6gnian, w. v., _to become known through hearsay_: pret. part. fylle\ngefr\u00e6gnod (of Grendel's mother, who had become known through the carrying\noff of \u00c4schere), 1334?\n\nfreca, w. m., properly _a wolf_, as one that breaks in, robs; here a\ndesignation of heroes: nom. sg. freca Scildinga, of Be\u00f3wulf, 1564.--Comp.:\ng\u00fb\u00f0-, hilde-, scyld-, sweord-, w\u00eeg-freca; fer\u00f0-frec (adj.).\n\nfremde, adj., properly _distant, foreign_; then _estranged, hostile_: nom\nsg. \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s fremde \u00fee\u00f3d \u00eacean dryhtne, of the giants, 1692.\n\nfreme, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. fem. fremu folces cw\u00ean, of\n\u00dery\u00f0o, 1933(?).\n\nfremman, w. v., _to press forward, to further_, hence: 1) in general, _to\nperform, to accomplish, to do, to make_: pres. subj. without an object,\nfremme se \u00fee wille, _let him do (it) whoever will_, 1004. With acc.: imp.\npl. fremma\u00f0 ge nu le\u00f3da \u00feearfe, 2801; inf. fyrene fremman, 101; s\u00e4cce\nfremman, 2500; f\u00e6h\u00f0e ... m\u00e6r\u00f0um fremman, 2515, etc.; pret. sg. folcr\u00e6d\nfremede (_did what was best for his men_, i.e. ruled wisely), 3007; pl. h\u00fb\n\u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4\u00f0elingas ellen fremedon, 3; feohtan fremedon, 960; nalles f\u00e2censtafas\n... \u00feenden fremedon, 1020; pret. subj. \u00fe\u00e4t ic ... m\u00e6r\u00f0o fremede, 2135. --2)\n_to help on, to support_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t he mec fremman wile wordum and worcum\n(to an expedition), 1833.\n\nge-fremman, w. acc., _to do, to make, to render_: inf. gefremman eorl\u00eec\nellen, 637; helpan gefremman, _to give help_, 2450; \u00e4fter we\u00e1spelle wyrpe\ngefremman, _to work a change after sorrow_ (to give joy after sorrow),\n1316; gerund, t\u00f4 gefremmanne, 174, 2645; pret. sg. gefremede, 135, 165,\n551, 585, etc.; \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men for\u00f0 gefremede,\n_placed him away, above all men_, i.e. raised him, 1719; pret. pl.\ngefremedon, 1188, 2479; pret. subj. gefremede, 177; pret. part. gefremed,\n476; fem, nu scealc hafa\u00f0 ... d\u00e6d gefremede, 941; absolutely, \u00feu \u00fee self\nhafast d\u00e6dum gefremed, \u00fe\u00e4t ..., _hast brought it about by thy deeds that_,\n955.\n\nfretan, st. v., _to devour, to consume_: inf. \u00fe\u00e2 (the precious things)\nsceal brond fretan, 3015; nu sceal gl\u00ead fretan w\u00eegena strengel, 3115; pret.\nsg. (Grendel) sl\u00e6pende fr\u00e4t folces Denigea f\u00fdftyne men, 1582.\n\nfr\u00eacne, adj., _dangerous, bold_: nom. sg. fr\u00eacne f\u00fdr-draca, 2690;\nfeorh-bealo fr\u00eacne, 2251, 2538; acc. sg. fr\u00eacne d\u00e6de, 890; fr\u00eacne fengel\u00e2d,\n1360; fr\u00eacne st\u00f4we, 1379; instr. sg. fr\u00eacnan spr\u00e6ce (_through provoking\nwords_), 1105.\n\nfr\u00eacne, adv., _boldly, audaciously_, 960, 1033, 1692.\n\nfre\u00e1, w. m., _ruler, lord_, of a temporal ruler: nom. sg. fre\u00e1, 2286; acc.\nsg. fre\u00e1n, 351, 1320, 2538, 3003, 3108; gen. sg. fre\u00e1n, 359, 500, 1167,\n1681; dat. sg. fre\u00e1n, 271, 291, 2663. Of a husband: dat. sg. eode ... t\u00f4\nhire fre\u00e1n sittan, 642. Of God: dat. sg. fre\u00e1n ealles, _the Lord of all_,\n2795; gen. sg. fre\u00e1n, 27.-- Comp.: \u00e2gend-, l\u00eef-, sin-fre\u00e1.\n\nfre\u00e1-dryhten, st. m., _lord, ruling lord_: gen. sg. fre\u00e1-drihtnes, 797.\n\nfre\u00e1-wine, st. m., _lord and friend, friendly ruler_: nom. sg. fre\u00e1-wine\nfolces (folca), 2358, 2430; acc. sg. his fre\u00e1-wine, 2439.\n\nfre\u00e1-wr\u00e2sn, st. f., _encircling ornament like a diadem_: instr. pl. helm\n... befongen fre\u00e1wr\u00e2snum, 1452; see wr\u00e2sn.\n\nfreo\u00f0u, fri\u00f0u, f., _protection, asylum, peace_: acc. sg. wel bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee m\u00f4t\n... t\u00f4 f\u00e4der f\u00e4\u00f0mum freo\u00f0o wilnian, _who may obtain an asylum in God's\narms_, 188; ne\u00e1n and feorran \u00feu nu [fri\u00f0u] hafast, 1175.--Comp. fen-freo\u00f0o.\n\nfreo\u00f0o-burh, st. f., _castle, city affording protection_: acc. sg.\nfreo\u00f0oburh f\u00e4gere, 522.\n\nfreo\u00f0o-wong, st. m., _field of peace, field of protection_: acc. sg., 2960;\nseems to have been the proper name of a field.\n\nfreo\u00f0o-w\u00e6r, st. f., _peace-alliance, security of peace_: acc. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 hie\ngetr\u00fbwedon on tw\u00e2 healfa f\u00e4ste frio\u00f0u-w\u00e6re, 1097; gen. sg. frio\u00f0ow\u00e6re b\u00e4d\nhl\u00e2ford s\u00eenne, _entreated his lord for the protection of peace_ (i.e. full\npardon for his delinquency), 2283.\n\nfreo\u00f0o-webbe, w. f., _peace-weaver_, designation of the royal consort\n(often one given in marriage as a confirmation of a peace between two\nnations): nom. sg., 1943.\n\nfre\u00f3-burh, st. f., = fre\u00e1-burg (?), _ruler's castle_ (?) (according to\nGrein, arx ingenua): acc. sg. fre\u00f3burh, 694.\n\nfre\u00f3d, st. f., _friendship_: acc. sg. fre\u00f3de ne woldon ofer heafo healdan,\n2477; gen. sg. n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e6r m\u00e2ra fyrst fre\u00f3de t\u00f4 friclan, _was no longer time to\nseek for friendship_, 2557; --_favor, acknowledgement_: acc. sg. ic \u00fee\nsceal m\u00eene gel\u00e6stan fre\u00f3de (_will show myself grateful_, with reference to\n1381 ff.), 1708.\n\nfre\u00f3-dryhten (= fre\u00e1-dryhten), st. m., _lord, ruler_; according to Grein,\ndominus ingenuus vel nobilis: nom. sg. as voc. fre\u00f3-drihten min! 1170; dat.\nsg. mid his fre\u00f3-dryhtne, 2628.\n\nfre\u00f3gan, w. v., _to love; to think of lovingly_: pres. subj. \u00fe\u00e4t mon his\nwine-dryhten ... ferh\u00f0um fre\u00f3ge, 3178; inf. nu ic \u00feec ... me for sunu wylle\nfre\u00f3gan on ferh\u00f0e, 949.\n\nfre\u00f3-l\u00eec, adj., _free, free-born_ (here of the lawful wife in contrast with\nthe bond concubine): nom. sg. fre\u00f3l\u00eec w\u00eef, 616; fre\u00f3l\u00eecu folc-cw\u00ean, 642.\n\nfre\u00f3nd, st. m., _friend_: acc. sg. fre\u00f3nd, 1386, 1865; dat. pl. fre\u00f3ndum,\n916, 1019, 1127; gen. pl. fre\u00f3nda, 1307, 1839.\n\nfre\u00f3nd-la\u00f0u, st. f., _friendly invitation_: nom. sg. him w\u00e4s ful boren and\nfre\u00f3nd-la\u00f0u (_friendly invitation to drink_) wordum bew\u00e4gned, 1193.\n\nfre\u00f3nd-l\u00e2r, st. f., _friendly counsel_: dat. (instr.) pl. fre\u00f3nd-l\u00e2rum,\n2378.\n\nfre\u00f3nd-l\u00eece, adv., _in a friendly manner, kindly_: compar. fre\u00f3nd-l\u00eecor,\n1028.\n\nfre\u00f3nd-scipe, st. m., _friendship_: acc. sg. fre\u00f3nd-scipe f\u00e4stne, 2070.\n\nfre\u00f3-wine, st. m. (see fre\u00e1wine), _lord and friend, friendly ruler_;\naccording to Grein, amicus nobilis, princeps amicus: nom. sg. as voc.\nfre\u00f3-wine folca! 430.\n\nfricgean, w. v., _to ask, to inquire into_: inf. ongan s\u00eenne geseldan f\u00e4gre\nfricgean hwylce S\u00e6-Ge\u00e1ta s\u00ee\u00f0as w\u00e6ron, 1986; pres. part, gomela Scilding\nfela fricgende feorran rehte, _the old Scilding, asking many questions_\n(having many things related to him), _told of old times_ (the conversation\nwas alternate), 2107.\n\nge-fricgean, _to learn, to learn by inquiry_: pres. pl. sy\u00f0\u00f0an hie\nge-fricgea\u00f0 fre\u00e1n \u00fbserne ealdorle\u00e1sne, _when they learn that our lord is\ndead_, 3003; pres. subj. gif ic \u00fe\u00e4t gefricge, \u00fe\u00e4t..., 1827; pl. sy\u00f0\u00f0an\n\u00e4\u00f0elingas feorran gefricgean fle\u00e1m e\u00f3werne, 2890.\n\nfriclan (see freca), w. v. w. gen., _to seek, to desire, to strive for_:\ninf. n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e6r m\u00e2ra fyrst fre\u00f3de t\u00f4 friclan, 2557.\n\nfri\u00f0o-sib, st. f., _kin for the confirming of peace_, designation of the\nqueen (see freo\u00f0o--webbe), _peace-bringer_: nom. sg. fri\u00f0u-sibb folca,\n2018.\n\nfrignan, fringan, frinan, st. v., _to ask, to inquire_: imp. ne frin \u00feu\n\u00e4fter s\u00e6lum, _ask not after the well-being!_ 1323; inf. ic \u00fe\u00e4s wine Deniga\nfrinan wille ... ymb \u00fe\u00eenne s\u00ee\u00f0, 351; pret. sg. fr\u00e4gn, 236, 332; fr\u00e4gn gif\n..., _asked whether_ ..., 1320.\n\nge-frignan, ge-fringan, ge-frinan, _to find out by inquiry, to learn by\nnarration._ pret. sg. (w. acc.) \u00fe\u00e4t fram h\u00e2m gefr\u00e4gn Higel\u00e2ces \u00feegn\nGrendles d\u00e6da, 194; n\u00f4 ic gefr\u00e4gn heardran feohtan, 575; (w. acc. and inf.)\n\u00fe\u00e2 ic w\u00eede gefr\u00e4gn weorc gebannan, 74; similarly, 2485, 2753, 2774; ne\ngefr\u00e4gen ic \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e6g\u00f0e m\u00e2ran weorode ymb hyra sincgyfan s\u00eal geb\u00e6ran, _I never\nheard that any people, richer in warriors, conducted itself better about\nits chief_, 1012; similarly, 1028; pret. pl. (w. acc.) we \u00fee\u00f3dcyninga \u00ferym\ngefrunon, 2; (w. acc. and inf.) geongne g\u00fb\u00f0cyning g\u00f4dne gefrunon hringas\nd\u00e6lan, 1970; (parenthetical) sw\u00e2 guman gefrungon, 667, (after \u00feonne)\nmedo-\u00e4rn micel (_greater_) ... \u00feone yldo bearn \u00e6fre gefrunon, 70; pret.\npart. h\u00e4fde Higel\u00e2ces hilde gefrunen, 2953; h\u00e4fdon gefrunen \u00fe\u00e4t..., _had\nlearned that_ ..., 695; h\u00e4fde gefrunen hwanan si\u00f3 f\u00e6h\u00f0 \u00e2r\u00e2s, 2404;\nhealsbe\u00e1ga m\u00e6st \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee ic on foldan gefr\u00e4gen h\u00e4bbe, 1197.\n\nfrom, See fram.\n\nfr\u00f4d, adj.: 1) \u00e6tate provectus, _old, gray_: nom. sg. fr\u00f4d, 2626, 2951;\nfr\u00f4d cyning, 1307, 2210; fr\u00f4d folces weard, 2514; wintrum fr\u00f4d, 1725, 2115,\n2278; se fr\u00f4da, 2929; ac. sg. fr\u00f4de feorhlege (_the laying down of my old\nlife_), 2801; dat. sg. fr\u00f4dan fyrnwitan (may also, from its meaning, belong\nunder No. 2), 2124.--2) mente excellentior, _intelligent, experienced,\nwise_: nom. sg. fr\u00f4d, 1367; fr\u00f4d and g\u00f4d, 279; on m\u00f4de fr\u00f4d, 1845.--Comp.:\nin-, un-fr\u00f4d.\n\nfr\u00f4for, st. f., _consolation, compensation, help_: nom. sg. fr\u00f4for, 2942;\nacc. sg. fr\u00f4fre, 7, 974; fyrena fr\u00f4fre, 629; fr\u00f4fre and fultum, 1274;\nfr\u00f4for and fultum, 699; dat. sg. t\u00f4 fr\u00f4fre, 14, 1708; gen. sg. fr\u00f4fre, 185.\n\nfruma (see forma), w. m., _the foremost_, hence: l) _beginning_: nom. sg.\nw\u00e4s se fruma egesl\u00eec le\u00f3dum on lande, sw\u00e2 hyt lungre wear\u00f0 on hyra\nsincgifan s\u00e2re geendod (_the beginning of the dragon-combat was terrible,\nits end distressing through the death of Be\u00f3wulf_), 2310.--2) _he who\nstands first, prince_; in comp. d\u00e6d-, hild-, land-, le\u00f3d-, ord-, w\u00eeg-fruma.\n\nfrum-cyn, st. n., (genus primitivum), _descent, origin_: acc. sg. nu ic\ne\u00f3wer sceal frumcyn witan, 252.\n\nfrum-g\u00e2r, st. m., primipilus, _duke, prince_: dat. sg. frumg\u00e2re (of\nBe\u00f3wulf), 2857.\n\nfrum-sceaft, st. f., prima creatio, _beginning_: acc. sg. se \u00fee c\u00fb\u00f0e\nfrumsceaft fira feorran reccan, _who could tell of the beginning of mankind\nin old times_, 91; dat. sg. frum-sceafte, _in the beginning_, i.e at his\nbirth, 45.\n\nfugol, st. m., _bird_: dat. sg. fugle gel\u00eecost, 218; dat. pl. [fuglum] t\u00f4\ngamene, 2942.\n\nful, adj., _full, filled_: nom. sg. w. gen. pl. se w\u00e4s innan full wr\u00e4tta\nand w\u00eera, 2413.--Comp.: eges-, sorh-, weor\u00f0-ful.\n\nful, adv., plene, _very_: ful oft, 480; ful-oft, 952.\n\nful, st. n., _cup, beaker_: nom. sg., 1193; acc. sg. ful, 616, 629, 1026;\nofer \u00fd\u00f0a ful, _over the cup of the waves_ (the basin of the sea filled with\nwaves), 1209; dat. sg. onf\u00f4h \u00feissum fulle, 1170.--Comp.: medo-, sele-full.\n\nfull\u00e6stian, w. v. w. dat, _to give help_: pres. sg. ic \u00fee full\u00e6stu, 2669.\n\nfultum, st. m., _help, support, protection_: acc. sg. fr\u00f4for (fr\u00f4fre) and\nfultum, 699, 1274; m\u00e4genes fultum, 1836; on fultum, 2663.--Comp.\nm\u00e4gen-fultum.\n\nfundian, w. v., _to strive, to have in view_: pres. pl. we fundia\u00f0 Higel\u00e2c\ns\u00eacan, 1820; pret. sg. fundode of geardum, 1138.\n\nfur\u00f0um, adv., primo, _just, exactly; then first_: \u00fe\u00e2 ic fur\u00f0um we\u00f3ld folce\nDeninga, _then first governed the people of the Danes_ (had just assumed\nthe government), 465; \u00fe\u00e2 hie t\u00f4 sele fur\u00f0um ... gangan cw\u00f4mon, 323; ic \u00fe\u00e6r\nfur\u00f0um cwom t\u00f4 \u00feam hringsele, 2010;--_before, previously_: ic \u00fee sceal m\u00eene\ngel\u00e6stan fre\u00f3de, sw\u00e2 wit fur\u00f0um spr\u00e6con, 1708.\n\nfur\u00f0ur, adv., _further, forward, more distant_, 254, 762, 3007.\n\nf\u00fbs, adj., _inclined to, favorable, ready_: nom. sg. nu ic eom s\u00ee\u00f0es f\u00fbs,\n1476; le\u00f3fra manna f\u00fbs, _prepared for the dear men_, i.e. expecting them,\n1917; sigel s\u00fb\u00f0an f\u00fbs, _the sun inclined from the south_ (midday sun),\n1967; se wonna hrefn f\u00fbs ofer f\u00e6gum, _eager over the slain_, 3026; sceft\n... fe\u00f0er-gearwum f\u00fbs, 3120; nom. pl. w\u00e6ron ... eft to le\u00f3dum f\u00fbse t\u00f4\nfarenne, 1806.--Sometimes f\u00fbs means _ready for death_, moribundus: f\u00fbs and\nf\u00e6ge, 1242.--Comp.: hin-, \u00fbt-f\u00fbs.\n\nf\u00fbs-l\u00eec, adj., _prepared, ready_: acc. sg. f\u00fbs-l\u00eec f[yrd]-le\u00f3\u00f0, 1425;\nfyrd-searo f\u00fbs-l\u00eec, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu f\u00fbs-l\u00eecu, 232.\n\nfyl, st. m., _fall_: nom. sg. fyll cyninges, _the fall of the king_ (in the\ndragon-fight), 2913; dat. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t he on fylle wear\u00f0, _that he came to a\nfall, fell_, 1545.--Comp. hr\u00e2-fyl.\n\nfylce (collective form from folc), st. n., _troop, band of warriors_: in\ncomp. \u00e4l-fylce.\n\nge-fyllan (see feal), w. v., _to fell, to slay in battle_: inf. f\u00e2ne\ngefyllan, _to slay the enemy_, 2656; pret. pl. fe\u00f3nd gefyldan, _they had\nslain the enemy_, 2707.\n\n\u00e2-fyllan (see ful), w. v., _to fill_: pret. part. Heorot innan w\u00e4s fre\u00f3ndum\n\u00e2fylled (_was filled with trusted men_), 1019.\n\nfyllo, st. f. (_plenty, abundant meal_: dat. (instr.) sg. fylle gefr\u00e6gnod,\n1334; gen. sg. n\u00e4s hie \u00fe\u00e6re fylle gefe\u00e1n h\u00e4fdon, 562; fylle gef\u00e6gon,\n1015.--Comp.: w\u00e4l-, wist-fyllo.\n\nfyl-w\u00earig, adj., _weary enough to fall, faint to death_, moribundus: acc.\nsg. fyl-w\u00earigne, 963.\n\nfyr. See feor.\n\nfyrian, w. v. w. acc. (= ferian) _to bear, to bring, carry_: pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e2\n\u00fee gif-sceattas Ge\u00e1ta fyredon \u00feyder t\u00f4 \u00feance, 378.\n\nfyras. See firas.\n\nfyren. See firen.\n\nfyrde, adj., _movable, that can be moved_.--Comp. hard-fyrde.--Leo.\n\nfyrd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade on an expedition, companion in battle_:\ndat. pl. fyrd-gesteallum, 2874\n\nfyrd-ham, st. m., _war-dress, coat of mail_: acc. sg. \u00feone fyrd-hom, 1505.\n\nfyrd-hr\u00e4gl, st. n., _coat of mail, war-dress_: acc. sg. fyrd-hr\u00e4gl, 1528.\n\nfyrd-hw\u00e4t, adj., _sharp, good in war, warlike_: nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,\n1642, 2477.\n\nfyrd-le\u00f3\u00f0, st. n., _war-song, warlike music_: acc. sg. horn stundum song\nf\u00fbsl\u00eec f[yrd]leo\u00f0, 1425.\n\nfyrd-searu, st. n., _equipment for an expedition_: acc. sg. fyrd-searu\nf\u00fbsl\u00eec, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu f\u00fbsl\u00eecu, 232.\n\nfyrd-wyr\u00f0e, adj., _of worth in war, excellent in battle_: nom. sg.\nfyrd-wyr\u00f0e man (Be\u00f3wulf), 1317.\n\nge-fyr\u00f0ran (see for\u00f0), w. v., _to bring forward, to further_: pret. part.\n\u00e2r w\u00e4s on \u00f4foste, efts\u00ee\u00f0es georn, fr\u00e4twum gefyr\u00f0red, _he was hurried\nforward by the treasure_ (i.e. after he had gathered up the treasure, he\nhasted to return, so as to be able to show it to the mortally-wounded\nBe\u00f3wulf), 2785.\n\nfyrmest. See forma.\n\nfyrn-dagas, st. m. pl., _by-gone days_: dat. pl. fyrndagum (_in old\ntimes_), 1452.\n\nfyrn-geweorc, st. n., _work, something done in old times_: acc. sg. fira\nfyrn-geweorc (the drinking-cup mentioned in 2283), 2287.\n\nfyrn-gewin, st. n., _combat in ancient times_: gen. sg. \u00f4r fyrn-gewinnes\n(_the origin of the battles of the giants_), 1690.\n\nfyrn-man, st. m., _man of ancient times_: gen. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, 2762.\n\nfyrn-wita, w. m., _counsellor ever since ancient times, adviser for many\nyears_: dat. sg. fr\u00f4dan fyrnwitan, of \u00c4schere, 2124.\n\nfyrst, st. m., _portion of time, definite time, time_: nom. sg. n\u00e4s hit\nlengra fyrst, ac ymb \u00e2ne niht ..., 134; fyrst for\u00f0 gew\u00e2t, _the time_ (of\ngoing to the harbor) _was past_, 210; n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e6r m\u00e2ra fyrst fre\u00f3de t\u00f4 friclan,\n2556; acc. sg. niht-longne fyrst, 528; f\u00eef nihta fyrst, 545; instr. sg. \u00fe\u00fd\nfyrste, 2574; dat. sg. him on fyrste gelomp ..., _within the fixed time_,\n76.\n\nfyr-wit, -wet, -wyt, st. n., _prying spirit, curiosity_: nom. sg. fyrwyt,\n232; fyrwet, 1986, 2785.\n\nge-f\u00fdsan (f\u00fbs), w. v., _to make ready, to prepare_: part. winde gef\u00fdsed\nflota, _the ship provided with wind_ (for the voyage), 217; (wyrm) f\u00fdre\ngef\u00fdsed, _provided with fire_, 2310; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s hringbogan (of the drake)\nheorte gef\u00fdsed s\u00e4cce t\u00f4 s\u00eaceanne, 2562; with gen., in answer to the\nquestion, for what? g\u00fb\u00f0e gef\u00fdsed, _ready for battle, determined to fight_,\n631.\n\nf\u00fdr, st. n., _fire_: nom. sg., 1367, 2702, 2882; dat. sg. f\u00fdre, 2220; as\ninstr. f\u00fdre, 2275, 2596; gen. sg. f\u00fdres f\u00e4\u00f0m, 185; f\u00fdres feng, 1765.--\nComp.: \u00e2d-, b\u00e6l-, hea\u00f0u-, w\u00e4l-f\u00fdr.\n\nf\u00fdr-bend, st. m., _band forged in fire_: dat. pl. duru ... f\u00fdr-bendum f\u00e4st,\n723.\n\nf\u00fdr-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, fire-spewing dragon_: nom. sg., 2690.\n\nf\u00fdr-heard, adj., _hard through fire, hardened in fire_: nom. pl. (eoforl\u00eec)\nf\u00e2h and f\u00fdr-heard, 305.\n\nf\u00fdr-le\u00f3ht, st. n., _fire-light_: acc. sg., 1517.\n\nf\u00fdr-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire, flame-wave_: dat. pl. wyrm ... f\u00fdrwylmum\nf\u00e2h, 2672.\n\n\nG\n\ngalan, st. v., _to sing, to sound_: pres. sg. sorh-le\u00f3\u00f0 g\u00e4le\u00f0, 2461; inf.\ngryre-le\u00f3\u00f0 galan, 787; bearhtm onge\u00e2ton, g\u00fb\u00f0horn galan, _heard the clang,\nthe battle-trumpet sound_, 1433.\n\n\u00e2-galan, _to sing, to sound_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t hire on hafelan hringm\u00e6l \u00e2g\u00f4l\ngr\u00e6dig g\u00fb\u00f0le\u00f3\u00f0, _that the sword caused a greedy battle-song to sound upon\nher head_, 1522.\n\ngamban, or, according to Bout., gambe, w. f., _tribute, interest_: acc. sg.\ngomban gyldan, 11.\n\ngamen, st. n., _social pleasure, rejoicing, joyous doings_: nom. sg. gamen,\n1161; gomen, 2460; gomen gle\u00f3be\u00e1mes, _the pleasure of the harp_, 2264; acc.\nsg. gamen and gle\u00f3dre\u00e1m, 3022; dat. sg. gamene, 2942; gomene, 1776.--Comp.\nheal-gamen.\n\ngamen-w\u00e2\u00f0, st. f., _way offering social enjoyment, journey in joyous\nsociety_: dat. sg. of gomen-w\u00e2\u00f0e, 855.\n\ngamen-wudu, st. m., _wood of social enjoyment_, i.e. harp: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s\n... gomenwudu gr\u00eated, 1066; acc. sg. gomenwudu gr\u00eatte, 2109.\n\ngamol, gomol, gomel, adj., _old_; of persons, _having lived many years,\ngray_: gamol, 58, 265; gomol, 3096; gomel, 2113, 2794; se gomela, 1398;\ngamela (gomela) Scylding, 1793, 2106; gomela, 2932; acc. sg. \u00feone gomelan,\n2422; dat. sg. gamelum rince, 1678; gomelum ceorle, 2445; \u00feam gomelan,\n2818; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe gomele, 1596.--Also, _late, belonging to former\ntime_: gen. pl. gomelra l\u00e2fe (_legacy_), 2037.--Of things, _old, from old\ntimes_: nom. sg. sweord ... gomol, 2683; acc. sg. gomele l\u00e2fe, 2564; gomel\nswyrd, 2611; gamol is a more respectful word than eald.\n\ngamol-feax, adj., _with gray hair_: nom. sg., 609.\n\ngang, st. m.: 1) _gait, way_: dat. sg. on gange, 1885; gen. sg. ic hine ne\nmihte ... ganges ge-tw\u00e6man, _could not keep him from going_, 969.--2)\n_step, foot-step_: nom. sg. gang (the foot-print of the mother of Grendel),\n1405; acc. sg. uton hra\u00f0e f\u00earan Grendles m\u00e2gan gang sce\u00e1wigan, 1392.--Comp.\nin-gang.\n\nbe-gang, bi-gang, st. m., (_so far as something goes_), _extent_: acc. sg.\nofer geofenes begang, _over the extent of the sea_, 362; ofer fl\u00f4da begang,\n1827; under swegles begong, 861, 1774; fl\u00f4da begong, 1498; siole\u00f0a bigong,\n2368.\n\ngangan. See under g\u00e2n.\n\nganot, st. m., _diver_, fulica marina: gen. sg. ofer ganotes b\u00e4\u00f0 (i.e. the\nsea), 1862.\n\ng\u00e2d, st. n., _lack_: nom. sg. ne bi\u00f0 \u00fee wilna g\u00e2d (_thou shalt have no lack\nof desirable_ [valuable] _things_), 661; similarly, 950.\n\ng\u00e2n, _expanded =_ gangan, st. v., _to go_: pres. sg. III. g\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e2 Wyrd sw\u00e2\nhi\u00f3 scel, 455; g\u00e6\u00f0 eft ... t\u00f4 medo, 605; \u00feonne he ... on flett g\u00e6\u00f0, 2035;\nsimilarly, 2055; pres. subj. III. sg. g\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r he wille, _let him go whither\nhe will_, 1395; imp. sg. II. g\u00e2 nu t\u00f4 setle, 1783; nu \u00feu lungre geong, hord\nsce\u00e1wian, under h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n, 2744; inf. in g\u00e2n, _to go in_, 386, 1645 'for\u00f0\ng\u00e2n, _to go forth, to go thither_, 1164; \u00feat hie him t\u00f4 mihton gegnum\ngangan, _to go towards, to go to_, 314; t\u00f4 sele ... gangan cw\u00f4mon, 324; in\na similar construction, gongan, 1643; nu ge m\u00f4ton gangan ... Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r\ngese\u00f3n, 395; \u00fe\u00e2 com of m\u00f4re ... Grendel gongan, _there came Grendel (going)\nfrom the fen_, 712; onge\u00e1n gramum gangan, _to go to meet the enemy, to go\nto the war_, 1035; cwom ... t\u00f4 hofe gongan, 1975; wutun gangan t\u00f4, _let us\ngo thither_, 2649.--As preterite, serve, 1) ge\u00f3ng or gi\u00f3ng: he t\u00f4 healle\nge\u00f3ng, 926; similarly, 2019; se \u00fee on orde ge\u00f3ng, _who went at the head,\nwent in front, _3126; on innan gi\u00f3ng, _went in_, 2215; he ... gi\u00f3ng t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s\n\u00fee he eor\u00f0sele \u00e2nne wisse, _went thither, where he knew of that earth-hall,\n_2410; \u00fe\u00e2 se \u00e4\u00f0eling, gi\u00f3ng, \u00fe\u00e4t he b\u00ee wealle ges\u00e4t, _then went the prince_\n(Be\u00f3wulf) _that he might sit down by the wall_, 2716.--2) gang: t\u00f4 healle\ngang Healfdenes sunu, 1010; similarly, 1296; gang \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4fter fl\u00f4re, _went\nalong the floor, along the hall_, 1317.--3) gengde (Goth. gaggida): he ...\nbeforan gengde ..., wong sce\u00e1wian, _went in front to inspect the fields_,\n1413; gengde, also of riding, 1402.--4) from another stem, eode (Goth.\niddja): eode ellenr\u00f4f, \u00fe\u00e4t he for eaxlum gest\u00f4d Deniga fre\u00e1n, 358;\nsimilarly, 403; [wi\u00f0 duru healle Wulfg\u00e2r eode], _went towards the door of\nthe hall_, 390; eode Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w for\u00f0, _went forth_, 613; eode t\u00f4 hire fre\u00e1n\nsittan, 641; eode yrrem\u00f4d, _went with angry feeling_, 727; eode ... t\u00f4\nsele, 919; similarly, 1233; eode ... \u00fe\u00e6r se snottra b\u00e2d, 1313; eode weor\u00f0\nDenum \u00e4\u00f0eling t\u00f4 yppan, _the prince_ (Be\u00f3wulf), _honored by the Danes, went\nto the high seat_, 1815; eode ... under inwit-hr\u00f4f, 3124; pl. \u00fe\u00e6r\nsw\u00ee\u00f0ferh\u00f0e sittan eodon, 493; eodon him \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes, _went to meet him_,\n1627; eodon under Earna n\u00e4s, 3032.\n\n\u00e2-gangan, _to go out, to go forth, to befall_: pret. part. sw\u00e2 bit \u00e2gangen\nwear\u00f0 eorla manegum (_as it befell many a one of the earls_), 1235.\n\nfull-gangan, _to emulate, to follow after_: pret. sg. \u00feonne ... sceft nytte\nhe\u00f3ld, fe\u00f0er-gearwum f\u00fbs fl\u00e2ne full-eode, _when the shaft had employment,\nfurnished with feathers it followed the arrow, did as the arrow_, 3120.\n\nge-g\u00e2n, ge-gangan: 1) _to go, to approach_: inf. (w. acc.) his m\u00f4dor ...\ngeg\u00e2n wolde sorhfulne s\u00ee\u00f0, 1278; se \u00fee gryre-s\u00ee\u00f0as geg\u00e2n dorste, _who dared\nto go the ways of terror_ (to go into the combat), 1463; pret. sg. se maga\ngeonga under his m\u00e6ges scyld elne geeode, _went quickly under his kinsman's\nshield_, 2677; pl. elne geeodon t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee ..., _went quickly thither where_\n..., 1968; pret. part. sy\u00f0\u00f0an hie t\u00f4-g\u00e4dre geg\u00e2n h\u00e4fdon, _when they_\n(W\u00eegl\u00e2f and the drake) _had come together_, 2631; \u00fe\u00e4t his aldres w\u00e4s ende\ngegongen, _that the end of his life had come_, 823; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s ended\u00e4g g\u00f4dum\ngegongen, \u00fe\u00e4t se g\u00fb\u00f0cyning ... swealt, 3037.--2) _to obtain, to reach_:\ninf. (w. acc.) \u00feonne he \u00e4t g\u00fb\u00f0e geg\u00e2n \u00feence\u00f0 longsumne lof, 1536; ic mid\nelne sceall gold gegangan, 2537; gerund, n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fd\u00f0e ce\u00e1p t\u00f4 gegangenne\ngumena \u00e6nigum, 2417; pret. pl. elne geeodon ... \u00fe\u00e4t se byrnw\u00eega b\u00fbgan\nsceolde, 2918; pret. part. h\u00e4fde ... gegongen \u00fe\u00e4t, _had attained it, that_\n..., 894; hord ys gesce\u00e1wod, grimme gegongen, 3086.--3) _to occur, to\nhappen_: pres. sg. III. gif \u00fe\u00e4t gegange\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t ..., _if that happen, that_\n..., 1847; pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t geiode ufaran d\u00f4grum hilde-hl\u00e4mmum, _it happened\nin later times to the warriors_ (the Ge\u00e1tas), 2201; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s\ngegongen guman unfr\u00f4dum earfo\u00f0l\u00eece \u00fe\u00e4t, _then it had happened to the young\nman in sorrowful wise that_ ..., 2822.\n\n\u00f4\u00f0-gangan, _to-go thither_: pret. pl. o\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hi \u00f4\u00f0eodon ... in Hrefnesholt,\n2935.\n\nofer-gangan, w. acc., _to go over_: pret. sg. ofereode \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4\u00f0elinga bearn\nste\u00e1p st\u00e2n-hli\u00f0o, _went over steep, rocky precipices_, 1409; pl.\nfreo\u00f0o-wong \u00feone for\u00f0 ofereodon, 2960.\n\nymb-gangan, w. acc., _to go around_: pret. ymb-eode \u00fe\u00e2 ides Helminga dugu\u00f0e\nand geogo\u00f0e d\u00e6l \u00e6ghwylcne, _went around in every part, among the superior\nand the inferior warriors_, 621.\n\ng\u00e2r, st. m., _spear, javelin, missile_: nom. sg., 1847, 3022; instr. sg.\ng\u00e2re, 1076; bl\u00f4digan g\u00e2re, 2441; gen. sg. g\u00e2res fliht, 1766; nom. pl.\ng\u00e2ras, 328; gen. pl., 161(?).--Comp.: bon-, frum-g\u00e2r.\n\ng\u00e2r-c\u00eane, adj., _spear-bold_: nom. sg., 1959.\n\ng\u00e2r-cwealm, st. m., _murder, death by the spear_: acc. sg. g\u00e2r-cwealm\ngumena, 2044.\n\ng\u00e2r-holt, st. n., _forest of spears_, i.e. crowd of spears: acc. sg., 1835.\n\ng\u00e2r-secg, st. m. (cf. Grimm, in Haupt l. 578), _sea, ocean_: acc. sg. on\ng\u00e2r-secg, 49, 537; ofer g\u00e2r-secg, 515.\n\ng\u00e2r-w\u00eega, w. m., _one who fights with the spear_: dat. sg. geongum\ng\u00e2r-w\u00eegan, of W\u00eegl\u00e2f, 2675, 2812.\n\ng\u00e2r-w\u00eegend, pres. part., _fighting with spear, spear-fighter_: acc. pl.\ng\u00e2r-w\u00eegend, 2642.\n\ng\u00e2st, g\u00e6st, st. m., _ghost, demon_: acc. sg. helle g\u00e2st (Grendel), 1275;\ngen. sg. wergan g\u00e2stes (of Grendel), 133; (of the tempter), 1748; gen. pl.\ndyrnra g\u00e2sta (Grendel's race), 1358; g\u00e6sta g\u00eefrost (_flames consuming\ncorpses_), 1124.--Comp.: ellor-, ge\u00f3-sceaft-g\u00e2st; ellen-, w\u00e4l-g\u00e6st.\n\ng\u00e2st-bana, w. m., _slayer of the spirit_, i.e. the devil: nom. sg.\ng\u00e2st-bona, 177.\n\ng\u00e4deling, st. m., _he who is connected with another, relation, companion_:\ngen. sg. g\u00e4delinges, 2618; dat. pl. mid his g\u00e4delingum, 2950.\n\n\u00e4t-g\u00e4dere, adv., _together, united_: 321, 1165, 1191; samod \u00e4tg\u00e4dere, 329,\n387, 730, 1064.\n\nt\u00f4-gadere, adv., _together_, 2631.\n\ng\u00e4st, gist, gyst, st. m., _stranger, guest_: nom. sg. g\u00e4st, 1801; se g\u00e4st\n(the drake), 2313; se grimma g\u00e4st (Grendel), 102; gist, 1139, 1523; acc.\nsg. gryre-l\u00eecne gist (the nixy slain by Be\u00f3wulf), 1442; dat. sg. gyste,\n2229; nom. pl. gistas, 1603; acc. pl. g\u00e4s[tas], 1894.--Comp.: f\u00ea\u00f0e-,\ngryre-, inwit-, n\u00ee\u00f0-, sele-g\u00e4st (-gyst).\n\ng\u00e4st-sele, st. m., _hall in which the guests spend their time, guest-hall_:\nacc. sg., 995.\n\nge, conj., _and_, 1341; ge ... ge ..., _as well ... as ..._, 1865; ge ...\nge ..., ge ..., 1249; ge swylce, _and likewise, and moreover_, 2259.\n\nge, pron., _ye, you_, plur. of \u00feu, 237, 245, etc.\n\ngegn-cwide, st. m., _reply_: gen. pl. \u00fe\u00eenra gegn-cwida, 367.\n\ngegnum, adv., _thither, towards, away_, with the prep, t\u00f4, ofer, giving the\ndirection: \u00fe\u00e4t hie him t\u00f4 mihton gegnum gangan (_that they might go\nthither_), 314; gegnum f\u00f4r [\u00fe\u00e2] ofer myrcan m\u00f4r, _away over the dark moor_,\n1405.\n\ngeh\u00f0u, geoh\u00f0u, st. f., _sorrow, care_: instr. sg. gioh\u00f0o m\u00e6nde, 2268; dat.\nsg. on geh\u00f0o, 3096; on gioh\u00f0e, 2794.\n\ngen (from gegn), adv., _yet, again_. ne w\u00e4s hit lenge \u00fe\u00e2 gen, \u00fe\u00e4t ..., _it\nwas not then long before_ ..., 83; ic sceal for\u00f0 sprecan gen ymb Grendel,\n_shall from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2071; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r \u00fbt \u00fe\u00e2 gen ...\ngongan wolde (_still he would not yet go out_), 2082; gen is eall \u00e4t \u00fee\nlissa gelong (_yet all my favor belongs to thee_), 2150; \u00fe\u00e2 gen, _then\nagain_, 2678, 2703; sw\u00e2 he nu gen d\u00ea\u00f0, _as he still does_, 2860; fur\u00f0ur\ngen, _further still, besides_, 3007; nu gen, _now again_, 3169; ne gen, _no\nmore, no farther_: ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t wyrd \u00fe\u00e2 gen, _that was no more fate_ (fate no\nlonger willed that), 735.\n\ngena, _still_: cwico w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 gena, _was still living_, 3094.\n\ngenga, w. m., _goer_; in comp. in-, s\u00e6-, sceadu-genga.\n\ngengde. See g\u00e2n(3).\n\ngenge. See \u00fb\u00f0-genge.\n\ngenunga (from gegnunga), adv., _precisely, completely_, 2872.\n\ngerwan, gyrwan, w. v.: 1) _to prepare, to make ready, to put in condition_:\npret. pl. gestsele gyredon, 995.--2) _to equip, to arm for battle_: pret.\nsg. gyrede hine Be\u00f3wulf eorl-gew\u00e6dum (_dressed himself in the armor_),\n1442.\n\nge-gyrwan: 1) _to make, to prepare_: pret. pl. him \u00fe\u00e2 gegiredan Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de\n\u00e2d ... unw\u00e2cl\u00eecne, 3138; pret. part. gl\u00f4f ... eall gegyrwed de\u00f3fles cr\u00e4ftum\nand dracan fellum, 2088.--2) _to fit out, to make ready_: inf. ce\u00f3l\ngegyrwan hilde-w\u00e6pnum and hea\u00f0ow\u00e6dum, 38; h\u00eat him \u00fd\u00f0lidan g\u00f4dne gegyrwan,\n_had (his) good ship fitted up for him_, 199. Also, _to provide warlike\nequipment_: pret. part. sy\u00f0\u00f0an he hine t\u00f4 g\u00fb\u00f0e gegyred h\u00e4fde, 1473.--3) _to\nendow, to provide, to adorn_: pret. part. nom. sg. beado-hr\u00e4gl ... golde\ngegyrwed, 553; acc. sg. l\u00e2fe ... golde gegyrede, 2193; acc. pl. m\u00e2dmas ...\ngolde gegyrede, 1029.\n\ngetan, w. v., _to injure, to slay_: inf., 2941.\n\nbe-g\u00eate, adj., _attainable_; in comp. \u00ea\u00f0-beg\u00eate.\n\ngeador, adv., _unitedly, together, jointly_, 836; geador \u00e4tsomne, 491.\n\non-geador, adv., _unitedly, together_, 1596.\n\ngealdor, st. n.: 1) _sound_: acc. sg. b\u00fdman gealdor, 2944.--2) _magic song,\nincantation, spell_: instr. sg. \u00feonne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t yrfe ... galdre bewunden\n(_placed under a spell_), 3053.\n\ngealga, w. m., _gallows_: dat. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t his byre r\u00eede giong on galgan, 2447.\n\ngealg-m\u00f4d, adj., _gloomy_: nom. sg. g\u00eefre and galgm\u00f4d, 1278.\n\ngealg-tre\u00f3w, st. n., _gallows_: dat. pl. on galg-tre\u00f3wu[m], 2941.\n\ngeard, st. m., _residence_; in Be\u00f3wulf corresponding to the house-complex\nof a prince's residence, used only in the plur.: acc. in geardas (_in\nFinn's castle_), 1135; dat. in geardum, 13, 2460; of geardum, 1139; \u00e6r he\non weg hwurfe ... of geardum, _before he went away from his\ndwelling-place_, i.e. died, 265.--Comp. middan-geard.\n\ngearo, adj., properly, _made, prepared_; hence, _ready, finished,\nequipped_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t hit wear\u00f0 eal gearo, heal-\u00e4rna m\u00e6st, 77; wiht\nunh\u00e6lo ... gearo s\u00f4na w\u00e4s, _the demon of destruction was quickly ready, did\nnot delay long_, 121; Here-Scyldinga betst beadorinca w\u00e4s on b\u00e6l gearu,\n_was ready for the funeral-pile_ (for the solemn burning), 1110; \u00fee\u00f3d (is)\neal gearo, _the warriors are altogether ready, always prepared_, 1231;\nhra\u00f0e w\u00e4s \u00e4t holme h\u00fd\u00f0-weard gearo (geara, MS.), 1915; gearo g\u00fb\u00f0-freca,\n2415; s\u00eee si\u00f3 b\u00e6r gearo \u00e4dre ge\u00e4fned, _let the bier be made ready at once_,\n3106. With gen.: gearo gyrnwr\u00e4ce, _ready for revenge for harm done_, 2119,\nacc. sg. gearwe st\u00f4we, 1007; nom. pl. beornas gearwe, 211; similarly, 1814.\n\ngearwe, gearo, geare, adv., _completely, entirely_: ne ge ... gearwe ne\nwisson, _you do not know at all_ ..., 246; similarly, 879; hine gearwe\ngeman witena welhwyle (_remembers him very well_), 265; wisse he gearwe \u00fe\u00e4t\n..., _he knew very well that_ ..., 2340, 2726; \u00fe\u00e4t ic ... gearo sce\u00e1wige\nswegle searogimmas (_that I may see the treasures altogether, as many as\nthey are_), 2749; ic w\u00e2t geare \u00fe\u00e4t ..., 2657.--Comp. gearwor, _more\nreadily, rather_, 3077.--Superl. gearwost, 716.\n\ngearo-folm, adj., _with ready hand_, 2086.\n\ngearwe, st. f., _equipment, dress_; in comp. fe\u00f0er-gearwe.\n\ngeat, st. n., _opening, door_; in comp. ben-, hilde-geat.\n\ngeato-l\u00eec, adj., _well prepared, handsome, splendid_: of sword and armor,\n215, 1563, 2155; of Heorot, 308. Adv.: w\u00eesa fengel geatol\u00eec gengde, _passed\non in a stately manner_, 1402.\n\ngeatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment, adornment_: acc. recedes geatwa, _the\nornaments of the dragon's cave_ (its treasures), 3089.--Comp.: e\u00f3red-,\ngryre-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, hilde-, w\u00eeg-geatwe.\n\nge\u00e1n (from gegn), adv. in\n\non-ge\u00e1n, adv. and prep., _against, towards_: \u00fe\u00e4t he me onge\u00e1n sle\u00e1, 682;\nr\u00e6hte onge\u00e1n fe\u00f3nd mid folme, 748; foran onge\u00e1n, _forward towards_, 2365.\nWith dat.: onge\u00e1n gramum, _against the enemy_, 1035.\n\nt\u00f4-ge\u00e1nes, t\u00f4-genes, prep, _against, towards_: Grendle t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes, _towards\nGrendel, against Grendel_, 667; gr\u00e2p \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes, _she grasped at_\n(Be\u00f3wulf), 1502; similarly, him t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes f\u00eang, 1543; eodon him \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes,\n_went towards him_, 1627; h\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 gebe\u00f3dan ... \u00fe\u00e4t hie b\u00e6l-wudu feorran\nferedon g\u00f4dum t\u00f4g\u00eanes, _had it ordered that they should bring the wood from\nfar for the funeral-pyre towards the good man_ (i.e. to the place where the\ndead Be\u00f3wulf lay), 3115.\n\nge\u00e1p, adj., _roomy, extensive, wide_: nom. sg. reced ... ge\u00e1p, _the roomy\nhall_, 1801; acc. sg. under ge\u00e1pne hr\u00f4f, 837.--Comp.: horn-, s\u00e6-ge\u00e1p.\n\nge\u00e2r, st. n., _year_: nom. sg., 1135; gen. pl. ge\u00e2ra, in adverbial sense,\nolim, _in former times_, 2665. See un-ge\u00e2ra.\n\nge\u00e2r-dagas, st. m. pl., _former days_: dat. pl. in (on) ge\u00e2r-dagum, 1,\n1355.\n\ngeofe. See gifu.\n\ngeofon, gifen, gyfen (see Kuhn Zeitschr. I. 137), st. n., _sea, flood_:\nnom. sg. geofon, 515; gifen ge\u00f3tende, _the streaming flood_, 1691; gen. sg.\ngeofenes begang, 362; gyfenes, 1395.\n\ngeogo\u00f0, st. f.: 1) _youth, time of youth_: dat. sg. on geogo\u00f0e, 409, 466,\n2513; on giogo\u00f0e, 2427; gen. giogu\u00f0e, 2113.--2) contrasted with dugu\u00f0, _the\nyounger warriors of lower rank_ (about as in the Middle Ages, the squires\nwith the knights): nom. sg. geogo\u00f0, 66; giogo\u00f0, 1191; acc. sg. geogo\u00f0e,\n1182; gen. dugu\u00f0e and geogo\u00f0e, 160; dugu\u00f0e and iogo\u00f0e (geogo\u00f0e), 1675, 622.\n\ngeogu\u00f0-feorh, st. n., _age of youth_, i.e. age in which one still belongs\nin the ranks of the geogo\u00f0: on geogo\u00f0- (geogu\u00f0-) feore, 537, 2665.\n\ngeoh\u00f0o. See geh\u00f0o.\n\ngeolo, adj., _yellow_: acc. sg. geolwe linde (_the shield of yellow linden\nbark_), 2611.\n\ngeolo-rand, st. m., _yellow shield_ (shield with a covering of interlaced\nyellow linden bark): acc. sg., 438.\n\ngeond, prep. w. acc., _through, throughout, along, over_: geond \u00feisne\nmiddangeard, _through the earth, over the earth_, 75; wide geond eor\u00f0an,\n266, 3100; f\u00eardon folctogan ... geond w\u00eed-wegas, _went along the ways\ncoming from afar_, 841; similarly, 1705; geond \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00e4ld, _through the hall,\nthrough the extent of the hall_, 1281; similarly, 1982, 2265.\n\ngeong, adj., _young, youthful_: nom. sg., 13, 20, 855, etc.; giong, 2447;\nw. m. se maga geonga, 2676; acc. sg. geongne g\u00fb\u00f0cyning, 1970; dat. sg.\ngeongum, 1949, 2045, 2675, etc.; on sw\u00e2 geongum feore, _at a so youthful\nage_, 1844; geongan cempan, 2627; acc. pl. geonge, 2019; dat. pl. geongum\nand ealdum, 72.--Superl. gingest, _the last_: nom. sg. w. f. gingeste word,\n2818.\n\ngeorn, adj., _striving, eager_, w. gen. of the thing striven for: eft s\u00ee\u00f0es\ngeorn, 2784.--Comp. lof-georn.\n\ngeorne, adv., _readily, willingly_: \u00fe\u00e4t him wine-m\u00e2gas georne h\u00fdrdon, 66;\ngeorne tr\u00fbwode, 670.--_zealously, eagerly_: s\u00f4hte georne \u00e4fter grunde,\n_eagerly searched over the ground_, 2295.--_carefully, industriously_: n\u00f4\nic him \u00fe\u00e4s georne \u00e4tfealh (_held him not fast enough_), 969.--_completely,\nexactly_: comp. wiste \u00fe\u00ea geornor, 822.\n\nge\u00f3, i\u00fa, adv., _once, formerly, earlier_, 1477; gi\u00f3, 2522; i\u00fa, 2460.\n\nge\u00f3c, st. f., _help, support_: acc. sg. ge\u00f3ce gefremman, 2675; \u00fe\u00e4t him\ng\u00e2st-bona ge\u00f3ce gefremede wi\u00f0 \u00fee\u00f3d-\u00fere\u00e1um, 177; ge\u00f3ce gel\u00fdfde, _believed in\nthe help_ (of Be\u00f3wulf), 609; dat. sg. t\u00f4 ge\u00f3ce, 1835.\n\nge\u00f3cor, adj., _ill, bad_: nom. sg., 766.--See Haupt's Zeitschrift 8, p. 7.\n\nge\u00f3-man, i\u00fa-man, st. m., _man of former times_: gen. pl. i\u00fa-manna, 3053.\n\nge\u00f3-meowle, w. f., (_formerly a virgin), wife_: acc. sg. i\u00f3-meowlan, 2932.\n\nge\u00f4mor, adj., _with depressed feelings, sad, troubled_: nom. sg. him w\u00e4s\nge\u00f4mor sefa, 49, 2420, 2633, 2951; m\u00f4des ge\u00f4mor, 2101; fem. \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s ge\u00f4muru\nides, 1076.\n\nge\u00f4more, adv., _sadly_, 151.\n\nge\u00f4mor-gid, st. n., _dirge_: acc. sg. gi\u00f4mor-gyd, 3151.\n\nge\u00f4mor-l\u00eec, adj., _sad, painful_: sw\u00e2 bi\u00f0 ge\u00f4morl\u00eec gomelum ceorle t\u00f4\ngeb\u00eedanne \u00fe\u00e4t..., _it is painful to an old man to experience it, that ..._,\n2445.\n\nge\u00f4mor-m\u00f4d, adj., _sad, sorrowful_: nom. sg., 2045, 3019; gi\u00f4mor-m\u00f4d, 2268.\n\nge\u00f4mrian, w. v., _to complain, to lament_: pret. sg. ge\u00f4mrode giddum, 1119.\n\nge\u00f3-sceaft, st. f., (_fixed in past times), fate_: acc. sg. ge\u00f3sceaft\ngrimme, 1235.\n\nge\u00f3sceaft-g\u00e2st, st. m., _demon sent by fate_: gen. pl. fela\nge\u00f3sceaft-g\u00e2sta, of Grendel and his race, 1267.\n\nge\u00f3tan, st. v. intrans., _to pour, to flow, to stream_: pres. part. gifen\nge\u00f3tende, 1691.\n\ngicel, st. m., _icicle_: in comp. hilde-gicel.\n\ngid, gyd, st. n., _speech, solemn alliterative song_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s ...\ngid oft wrecen, 1066; le\u00f3\u00f0 w\u00e4s \u00e2sungen, gle\u00f3mannes gyd, _the song was sung,\nthe gleeman's lay_, 1161; \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s gidd and gle\u00f3, 2106; acc. sg. ic \u00feis gid\n\u00e2wr\u00e4c, 1724; gyd \u00e2wr\u00e4c, 2109; gyd \u00e4fter wr\u00e4c, 2155; \u00feonne he gyd wrece,\n2447; dat. pl. giddum, 151, 1119; gen. pl. gidda gemyndig, 869.--Comp.:\nge\u00f4mor-, word-gid.\n\ngiddian, w. v., _to speak, to speak in alliteration_: pret. gyddode, 631.\n\ngif, conj.: 1) _if_, w. ind., 442, 447, 527, 662, etc.; gyf, 945, etc. With\nsubj., 452, 594, 1482, etc.; gyf, 280, 1105, etc.--2) _whether_, w. ind.,\n272; w. subj., 1141, 1320.\n\ngifa, geofa, w. m., _giver_; in comp. gold-, sinc-, wil-gifa (-geofa).\n\ngifan, st. v., _to give_: inf. giofan, 2973; pret. sg. nallas be\u00e1gas geaf\nDenum, 1720; he me [m\u00e2\u00f0mas] geaf, 2147; and similarly, 2174, 2432, 2624,\netc.; pret. pl. ge\u00e2fon (hyne) on g\u00e2rsecg, 49; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re\nhere-sp\u00ead gyfen, 64; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s gylden hilt gamelum rince ... on hand gyfen,\n1679; sy\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e6rest wear\u00f0 gyfen ... geongum cempan (_given in marriage_),\n1949.\n\n\u00e2-gifan, _to give, to impart_: inf. andsware ... \u00e2gifan, _to give an\nanswer_, 355; pret. sg. s\u00f4na him se fr\u00f4da f\u00e4der \u00d4htheres ... ondslyht \u00e2geaf\n(_gave him a counter-blow_), (_hand-blow_?), 2930.\n\nfor-gyfan, _to give, to grant_: pret. sg. him \u00fe\u00e4s l\u00eef-fre\u00e1 ... worold-\u00e2re\nforgeaf, 17; \u00fe\u00e4m t\u00f4 h\u00e2m forgeaf Hr\u00ea\u00f0el Ge\u00e1ta \u00e2ngan d\u00f4htor (_gave in\nmarriage_), 374; similarly, 2998; he me lond forgeaf, _granted me land_,\n2493; similarly, 697, 1021, 2607, 2617; m\u00e4gen-r\u00e6s forgeaf hilde-bille, _he\ngave with his battle-sword a mighty blow_, i.e. he struck with full force,\n1520.\n\nof-gifan, (_to give up_), _to leave_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t se m\u00e6ra maga Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes\ngrund-wong \u00feone ofgyfan wolde (_was fated to leave the earth-plain_), 2589;\npret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2s worold ofgeaf gromheort guma, 1682; similarly, gumdre\u00e1m\nofgeaf, 2470; Dena land ofgeaf, 1905; pret. pl. n\u00e4s ofge\u00e2fon hwate\nScyldingas, _left the promontory_, 1601; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 hildlatan holt ofg\u00eafan,\n_that the cowards left the wood_ (into which they had fled), 2847; sg.\npret. for pl. \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee \u00feis [l\u00eef] ofgeaf, 2252.\n\ngife\u00f0e, adj., _given, granted_: G\u00fb\u00f0fremmendra swylcum gife\u00f0e bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t...,\n_to such a warrior is it granted that_..., 299; similarly, 2682; sw\u00e2 me\ngife\u00f0e w\u00e4s, 2492; \u00fe\u00e6r me gife\u00f0e sw\u00e2 \u00e6nig yrfeweard \u00e4fter wurde, _if an\nheir_, (living) _after me, had been given me_, 2731.--Neut. as subst.: w\u00e4s\n\u00fe\u00e4t gife\u00f0e t\u00f4 sw\u00ee\u00f0, \u00fee \u00feone [\u00fee\u00f3den] \u00feyder ontyhte, _the fate was too harsh\nthat has drawn hither the king_, 3086; gyfe\u00f0e, 555, 820.--Comp. un-gife\u00f0e.\n\ngif-heal, st. f., _hall in which fiefs were bestowed, throne-hall_: acc.\nsg. ymb \u00fe\u00e2 gifhealle, 839.\n\ngif-sceat, st. m., _gift of value_: acc. pl. gif-sceattas, 378.\n\ngif-st\u00f4l, st. m., _seat from which fiefs are granted, throne_: nom. sg.,\n2328; acc. sg., 168.\n\ngift, st. f., _gift, present_: in comp. feoh-gift.\n\ngifu, geofu, st. f., _gift, present, grant; fief_: nom. sg. gifu, 1885 acc.\nsg. gimf\u00e4ste gife \u00fee him god sealde, _the great gift that God had granted\nhim_ (i.e. the enormous strength), 1272; ginf\u00e4stan gife \u00fee him god sealde,\n2183; dat. pl. (as instr.) geofum, 1959; gen. pl. gifa, 1931; geofena,\n1174.--Comp.: m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-, sinc-gifu.\n\ngigant, st. m., _giant_: nom. pl. gigantas, 113; gen. pl. giganta, 1563,\n1691.\n\ngild, gyld, st. n., _reparation_: in comp. wi\u00f0er-gyld(?).\n\ngildan, gyldan, st. v., _to do something in return, to repay, to reward, to\npay_: inf. gomban gyldan, _pay tribute_, 11; he mid g\u00f4de gyldan wille\nuncran eaferan, 1185; we him \u00fe\u00e2 g\u00fb\u00f0geatwa gyldan woldon, 2637; pret. sg.\nhea\u00f0or\u00e6sas geald mearum and m\u00e2\u00f0mum, _repaid the battles with horses and\ntreasures_, 1048; similarly, 2492; geald \u00feone g\u00fb\u00f0r\u00e6s ... Jofore and Wulfe\nmid oferm\u00e2\u00f0mum, _repaid Eofor and Wulf the battle with exceedingly great\ntreasures_, 2992.\n\nan-gildan, _to pay for_: pret. sg. sum s\u00e2re angeald \u00e6fenr\u00e4ste, _one_\n(\u00c4schere) _paid for the evening-rest with death's pain_, 1252.\n\n\u00e2-gildan, _to offer one's self_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 me s\u00e6l \u00e2geald, _when the\nfavorable opportunity offered itself_, 1666; similarly, \u00fe\u00e2 him r\u00fbm \u00e2geald,\n2691.\n\nfor-gildan, _to repay, to do something in return, to reward_: pres. subj.\nsg. III. alwalda \u00feec g\u00f4de forgylde, _may the ruler of all reward thee with\ngood_, 957; inf. \u00feone \u00e6nne h\u00eaht golde forgyldan, _he ordered that the one_\n(killed by Grendel) _be paid for_ (atoned for) _with gold_, 1055; he ...\nwolde Grendle for-gyldan g\u00fb\u00f0r\u00e6sa fela, _wished to pay Grendel for many\nattacks_, 1578; wolde se l\u00e2\u00f0a l\u00eege forgyldan drinc-f\u00e4t d\u00fdre, _the enemy\nwished to repay with fire the costly drinking vessel_ (the theft of it),\n2306; pret. sg. he him \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00e1n forgeald, _he gave them the reward\ntherefore_, 114; similarly, 1542, 1585, 2095; forgeald hra\u00f0e wyrsan wrixle\nw\u00e4lhlem \u00feone, _repaid the murderous blow with a worse exchange_, 2969.\n\ngilp, gylp, st. m., _speech in which one promises great things for himself\nin a coming combat, defiant speech, boasting speech_: acc. sg. h\u00e4fde ...\nGe\u00e1t-mecga le\u00f3d gilp gel\u00e6sted (_had fulfilled what he had claimed for\nhimself before the battle_), 830; nallas on gylp sele\u00f0 f\u00e4tte be\u00e1gas, _gives\nno chased gold rings for a boastful speech_, 1750; \u00fe\u00e4t ic wi\u00f0 \u00feone\ng\u00fb\u00f0flogan gylp ofersitte, _restrain myself from the speech of defiance_,\n2529; dat. sg. gylpe wi\u00f0gr\u00eepan (_fulfil my promise of battle_),\n2522.--Comp. dol-gilp.\n\ngilpan, gylpan, st. v. w. gen., acc., and dat., _to make a defiant speech,\nto boast, to exult insolently_: pres. sg. I. n\u00f4 ic \u00fe\u00e4s gilpe (after a break\nin the text), 587; sg. III. mor\u00f0res gylpe\u00f0, _boasts of the murder_, 2056;\ninf. sw\u00e2 ne gylpan \u00feearf Grendles maga \u00e6nig ... uhthlem \u00feone, 2007; nealles\nfolc-cyning fyrdgesteallum gylpan \u00feorfte, _had no need to boast of his\nfellow-warrior_, 2875; pret. sg. hr\u00ea\u00f0sigora ne gealp goldwine Ge\u00e1ta, _did\nnot exult at the glorious victory_ (could not gain the victory over the\ndrake), 2584.\n\ngilp-cwide, st. m., _speech in which a man promises much for himself for a\ncoming combat, speech of defiance_: nom. sg., 641.\n\ngilp-hl\u00e4den, pret. part., _laden with boasts of defiance_ (i.e. he who has\nmade many such boasts, and consequently has been victorious in many\ncombats), _covered with glory_: nom. sg. guma gilp-hl\u00e4den, 869.\n\ngilp-spr\u00e6c, same as gilp-cwide, _speech of defiance, boastful speech_: dat.\nsg. on gylp-spr\u00e6ce, 982.\n\ngilp-word, st. n., _defiant word before the coming combat, vaunting word_:\ngen. pl. gespr\u00e4c ... gylp-worda sum, 676.\n\ngim, st. m., _gem, precious stone, jewel_: nom. sg. heofones gim, _heaven's\njewel_, i.e. the sun, 2073. Comp. searo-gim.\n\ngimme-r\u00eece, adj., _rich in jewels_: acc. sg. gimme-r\u00eece hord-burh h\u00e4le\u00f0a,\n466.\n\ngin (according to Bout., ginne), adj., properly _gaping_, hence, _wide,\nextended_: acc. sg. gynne grund (_the bottom of the sea_), 1552.\n\ngin-f\u00e4st, adj., _extensive, rich_: acc. sg. gim-f\u00e4ste gife (gim-, on\naccount of the following _f_), 1272; in weak form, gin-f\u00e4stan gife, 2183.\n\nginnan, st. v., original meaning, _to be open, ready_; in\n\non-ginnan, _to begin, to undertake_: pret. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t \u00e2n ongan fyrene fremman\nfe\u00f3nd on helle, 100; secg eft ongan s\u00ee\u00f0 Be\u00f3wulfes snyttrum styrian, 872; \u00fe\u00e2\n\u00fe\u00e4t sweord ongan ... wanian, _the sword began to diminish_, 1606; Higel\u00e2c\nongan s\u00eenne geseldan ... f\u00e4gre fricgean, _began with propriety to question\nhis companion_, 1984, etc.; ongon, 2791; pret. pl. n\u00f4 her c\u00fb\u00f0l\u00eecor cuman\nongunnon lindh\u00e4bbende, _no shield-bearing men e'er undertook more openly to\ncome hither_, 244; pret. part. h\u00e4bbe ic m\u00e6r\u00f0a fela ongunnen on geogo\u00f0e,\n_have in my youth undertaken many deeds of renown_, 409.\n\ngist. See g\u00e4st.\n\ngistran, adv., _yesterday_: gystran niht, _yesterday night_, 1335.\n\ngit, pron., _ye two_, dual of \u00feu, 508, 512, 513, etc.\n\ngit, gyt, adv., _yet; then still_, 536, 1128, 1165, 2142; _hitherto_, 957;\nn\u00e6fre git, _never yet_, 583; _still_, 945, 1059, 1135; _once more_, 2513;\n_moreover_, 47, 1051, 1867.\n\ngitan (original meaning, _to take hold of, to seize, to attain_), in\n\nbe-gitan, w. acc., _to grasp, to seize, to reach_: pret. sg. begeat, 1147,\n2231; \u00fe\u00e2 hine w\u00eeg beget, _when war seized him, came upon him_, 2873;\nsimilarly, begeat, 1069; pret. pl. hit \u00e6r on \u00fee g\u00f4de be-ge\u00e2ton, _good men\nreceived it formerly from thee_, 2250; subj. sg. for pl. \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re\nhre\u00f3wa tornost \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee le\u00f3dfruman lange bege\u00e2te, _the bitterest of the\ntroubles that for a long time had befallen the people's chief_, 2131.\n\nfor-gitan, w. acc., _to forget_: pres. sg. III. he \u00fe\u00e2 for\u00f0gesceaft forgyte\u00f0\nand forg\u00fdme\u00f0, 1752.\n\nan-gitan, on-gitan, w. acc.: 1) _to take hold of, to grasp_: imp. sg.\ngumcyste ongit, _lay hold of manly virtue, of what becomes the man_, 1724;\npret. sg. \u00fee hine se br\u00f4ga angeat, _whom terror seized_, 1292.--2) _to\ngrasp intellectually, to comprehend, to perceive, to distinguish, to\nbehold_: pres. subj. I. \u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00e6rwelan ... ongite, _that I may behold the\nancient wealth_ (the treasures of the drake's cave), 2749; inf. s\u00e4l timbred\n... ongytan, 308, 1497; Ge\u00e1ta clifu ongitan, 1912; pret. sg. fyren-\u00feearfe\nongeat, _had perceived their distress from hostile snares_, 14; ongeat ...\ngrund-wyrgenne, _beheld the she-wolf of the bottom_, 1519; pret. pl.\nbearhtm onge\u00e2ton, g\u00fb\u00f0horn galan, _perceived the noise_, (heard) _the\nbattle-trumpet sound_, 1432; sy\u00f0\u00f0an hie Hygel\u00e2ces horn and b\u00fdman gealdor\nonge\u00e2ton, 2945.\n\ng\u00eefre, adj., _greedy, eager_: nom. sg. g\u00eefre and galgm\u00f4d, of Grendel's\nmother, 1278.--Superl.: l\u00eeg..., g\u00e6sta g\u00eefrost, 1124.--Comp. heoro-g\u00eefre.\n\ng\u00eetsian, w. v., _to be greedy_: pres. sg. III. g\u00fdtsa\u00f0, 1750.\n\ngio-, gi\u00f3-. See geo-, ge\u00f3-.\n\ngladian, w. v., _to gleam, to shimmer_: pres. pl. III. on him gladia\u00f0\ngomelra l\u00e2fe, _upon him gleams the legacy of the men of ancient times_\n(armor), 2037.\n\ngl\u00e4d, adj., _gracious, friendly_ (as a form of address for princes): nom.\nsg. be\u00f3 wi\u00f0 Ge\u00e1tas gl\u00e4d, 1174; acc. sg. gl\u00e4dne Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 864; gl\u00e4dne\nHr\u00f4\u00f0ulf, 1182; dat. sg. gladum suna Fr\u00f4dan, 2026.\n\ngl\u00e4de, adv., _in a gracious, friendly way_, 58.\n\ngl\u00e4dnian, w. v., _to rejoice_: inf. w. gen., 367.\n\ngl\u00e4d-m\u00f4d, adj., _joyous, glad_, 1786.\n\ngl\u00ead, st. f., _fire, flame_: nom. sg., 2653, 3115; dat. (instr.) pl.\ngl\u00eadum, 2313, 2336, 2678, 3042.\n\ngl\u00ead-egesa, w. m., _terror on account of fire, fire-terror_: nom. sg.\ngl\u00ead-egesa grim (_the fire-spewing of the drake_), 2651.\n\ngle\u00e1w (Goth, glaggwu-s), adj., _considerate, well-bred_, of social conduct;\nin comp. un-gle\u00e1w.\n\ngle\u00f3, st. n., _social entertainment_, (especially by music, play, and\njest): nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s gidd and gle\u00f3, 2106.\n\ngle\u00f3-be\u00e1m, st. m., _(tree of social entertainment, of music), harp._ gen.\nsg. gle\u00f3-be\u00e1mes, 2264.\n\ngle\u00f3-dre\u00e1m, st. _m., joyous carrying-on in social entertainment, mirth,\nsocial gaiety_: acc. sg. gamen and gle\u00f3-dre\u00e1m, 3022.\n\ngle\u00f3-man, m., _(gleeman, who enlivens the social entertainment, especially\nwith music), harper_: gen. sg. gle\u00f3mannes gyd, 1161.\n\nglitinian (O.H.G. glizin\u00f4n), w. v., _to gleam, to light, to glitter_: inf.\ngeseah \u00fe\u00e2 ... gold glitinian, 2759.\n\ngl\u00eedan, st. v., _to glide_: pret. sg. sy\u00f0\u00f0an heofones gim gl\u00e2d ofer\ngrundas, _after heaven's gem had glided over the fields_ (after the sun had\nset), 2074; pret. pl. glidon ofer g\u00e2rsecg, _you glided over the ocean_\n(swimming), 515.\n\nt\u00f4-gl\u00eedan _(to glide asunder), to separate, to fall asunder_: pret.\ng\u00fb\u00f0-helm t\u00f4-gl\u00e2d (Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w's helmet was split asunder by the blow of\nEofor), 2488.\n\ngl\u00f4f, st. f., _glove_: nom. sg. gl\u00f4f hangode, (on Grendel) _a glove hung_,\n2086.\n\ngne\u00e1\u00f0, adj., _niggardly_: nom. sg. f. n\u00e4s hi\u00f3 ... t\u00f4 gne\u00e1\u00f0 gifa Ge\u00e1ta\nle\u00f3dum, _was not too niggardly with gifts to the people of the Ge\u00e1tas_,\n1931.\n\ngnorn, st. m., _sorrow, sadness_: acc. sg. gnorn \u00ferowian, 2659.\n\ngnornian, w. v., _to be sad, to complain_: pret. sg. earme ... ides\ngnornode, 1118.\n\nbe-gnornian, w. acc., _to bemoan, to mourn for_: pret. pl. begnornodon ...\nhl\u00e2fordes [hry]re, _bemoaned their lord's fall_, 3180.\n\ngod, st. m., _god_: nom. sg., 13, 72, 478, etc.; h\u00e2lig god, 381, 1554;\nwitig god, 686; mihtig god, 702; acc. sg. god, 812; ne wiston hie drihten\ngod, _did not know the Lord God_, 181; dat. sg. gode, 113, 227, 626, etc.;\ngen. sg. godes, 570, 712, 787, etc.\n\ngold, st. n., _gold_: nom. sg., 3013, 3053; icge gold, 1108; wunden gold,\n_wound gold, gold in ring-form_, 1194, 3136; acc. sg. gold, 2537, 2759,\n2794, 3169; h\u00e6\u00f0en gold, _heathen gold_ (that from the drake's cave), 2277;\nbr\u00e2d gold, _massive gold_, 3106; dat. instr. sg. golde, 1055, 2932, 3019;\nf\u00e4ttan golde, _with chased gold, with gold in plate-form_, 2103; gehroden\ngolde, _covered with gold, gilded_, 304; golde gegyrwed (gegyrede),\n_provided with, ornamented with gold_, 553, 1029, 2193; golde geregnad,\n_adorned with gold_, 778; golde f\u00e2hne (hr\u00f4f), _the roof shining with gold_,\n928; bunden golde, _bound with gold_ (see under bindan), 1901; hyrsted\ngolde (helm), _the helmet ornamented with, mounted with gold_, 2256; gen.\nsg. goldes, 2302; f\u00e4ttan goldes, 1094, 2247; sc\u00eeran goldes, _of pure gold_,\n1695. --Comp. f\u00e4t-gold.\n\ngold-\u00e6ht, st. f., _possessions in gold, treasure_: acc. sg., 2749.\n\ngold-f\u00e2h, adj., _variegated with gold, shining with gold_: nom. sg. reced\n... gold-f\u00e2h, 1801; acc. sg. gold-f\u00e2hne helm, 2812; nom. pl. gold-f\u00e2g\nscinon web \u00e4fter wagum, _variegated with gold, the tapestry gleamed along\nthe walls_, 995.\n\ngold-gifa, w. m., _gold-giver_, designation of the prince: acc. sg. mid\nm\u00eenne goldgyfan, 2653.\n\ngold-hroden, pret. part., _(covered with gold), ornamented with gold_: nom.\nsg., 615, 641, 1949, 2026; epithet of women of princely rank.\n\ngold-hw\u00e4t, adj., _striving after gold, greedy for gold_: n\u00e4s he goldhw\u00e4t,\n_he_ (Be\u00f3wulf) _was not greedy for gold_ (he did not fight against the\ndrake for his treasure, cf. 3067 ff.) 3075.\n\ngold-m\u00e2\u00f0m, st. m., _jewel of gold_: acc. pl. gold-m\u00e2\u00f0mas (the treasures of\nthe drake's cave), 2415.\n\ngold-sele, st. m., _gold-hall_, i.e. the hall in which the gold was\ndistributed, ruler's hall: acc. sg., 716, 1254; dat. sg. gold-sele, 1640,\n2084.\n\ngold-weard, st. m., _gold-ward, defender of the gold_: acc. sg. (of the\ndrake), 3082.\n\ngold-wine, st. m., _friend who distributes gold_, i.e. ruler, prince: nom.\nsg. (partly as voc.) goldwine gumena, 1172, 1477, 1603; goldwine Ge\u00e1ta,\n2420, 2585.\n\ngold-wlanc, adj., _proud of gold_: nom. sg. g\u00fb\u00f0rinc goldwlanc (Be\u00f3wulf\nrewarded with gold by Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r on account of his victory), 1882.\n\ngomban, gomel, gomen. See gamban, gamal, gamen.\n\ngong, gongan. See gang, gangan.\n\ng\u00f4d, adj., _good, fit_, of persons and things: nom. sg., 11, 195, 864,\n2264, 2391, etc.; fr\u00f4d and g\u00f4d, 279; w. dat. cyning \u00e4\u00f0elum g\u00f4d, _the king\nnoble in birth_, 1871; gumcystum g\u00f4d, 2544; w. gen. wes \u00feu \u00fbs l\u00e2rena g\u00f4d,\n_be good to us with teaching_ (help us thereto through thy instruction),\n269; in weak form, se g\u00f4da, 205, 355, 676, 1191, etc.; acc. sg. g\u00f4dne, 199,\n347, 1596, 1970, etc.; gumcystum g\u00f4dne, 1487; neut. g\u00f4d, 1563; dat. sg.\ng\u00f4dum, 3037, 3115; \u00fe\u00e4m g\u00f4dan, 384, 2328; nom. pl. g\u00f4de, 2250; \u00fe\u00e2 g\u00f4dan,\n1164; acc. pl. g\u00f4de, 2642; dat. pl. g\u00f4dum d\u00e6dum, 2179; gen. pl. g\u00f4dra\ng\u00fb\u00f0rinca, 2649.--Comp. \u00e6r-g\u00f4d.\n\ng\u00f4d, st. n.: 1) _good that is done, benefit, gift_: instr. sg. g\u00f4de, 20,\n957, 1185; g\u00f4de m\u00e6re, _renowned on account of her gifts_ (\u00dery\u00f0o), 1953;\ninstr. pl. g\u00f4dum, 1862.--2) _ability_, especially in fight: gen. pl. n\u00e2t he\n\u00fe\u00e2ra g\u00f4da, 682.\n\ngram, adj., _hostile_: gen. sg. on grames gr\u00e2pum, _in the gripe of the\nenemy_ (Be\u00f3wulf), 766; nom. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 graman, 778; dat. pl. gramum, 424, 1035.\n\ngram-heort, adj., _of a hostile heart, hostile_: nom. sg. grom-heort guma,\n1683.\n\ngram-hydig, adj., _with hostile feeling, maliciously inclined_: nom. sg.\ngromhydig, 1750.\n\ngr\u00e2p, st. f., _the hand ready to grasp, hand, claw_: dat. sg. mid gr\u00e2pe,\n438; on gr\u00e2pe, 555; gen. sg. eal ... Grendles gr\u00e2pe, _all of Grendel's\nclaw, the whole claw_, 837; dat. pl. on grames gr\u00e2pum, 766; (as instr.)\ngrimman gr\u00e2pum, _with grim claws_, 1543.--Comp.: fe\u00f3nd-, hilde-gr\u00e2p.\n\ngr\u00e2pian, w. v., _to grasp, to lay hold of, to seize_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t hire\nwi\u00f0 halse heard gr\u00e2pode, _that_ (the sword) _griped hard at her neck_,\n1567; he ... gr\u00e2pode gearofolm, _he took hold with ready hand_, 2086.\n\ngr\u00e4s-molde, w. f., _grass-plot_: acc. sg. gr\u00e4smoldan tr\u00e4d, _went over the\ngrass-plot_, 1882.\n\ngr\u00e6dig, adj., _greedy, hungry, voracious_: nom. sg. grim and gr\u00e6dig, 121,\n1500; acc. sg. gr\u00e6dig g\u00fb\u00f0le\u00f3\u00f0, 1523.\n\ngr\u00e6g, adj., _gray_: nom. pl. \u00e4sc-holt ufan gr\u00e6g, _the ashen wood, gray\nabove_ (the spears with iron points) 330; acc. pl. gr\u00e6ge syrcan, _gray_\n(i.e. iron) _shirts of mail_, 334.\n\ngr\u00e6g-m\u00e6l, adj., _having a gray color_, here = _iron_: nom. sg. sweord\nBe\u00f3wulfes gomol and gr\u00e6gm\u00e6l, 2683.\n\ngr\u00e6pe. See \u00e4t-gr\u00e6pe.\n\ngr\u00eatan, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute_: inf. hine sw\u00e2 g\u00f4dne\ngr\u00eatan, 347; Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r gr\u00eatan, 1647, 2011; e\u00f3wic gr\u00eatan h\u00eat (_bade me bring\nyou his last greeting_), 3096; pret. sg. gr\u00eatte Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d, 626; gr\u00eatte \u00fe\u00e2\nguma \u00f4\u00f0erne, 653; Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r gr\u00eatte, 1817.-- 2) _to come on, to come near, to\nseek out; to touch; to take hold of_: inf. gifst\u00f4l gr\u00eatan, _take possession\nof the throne, mount it as ruler_, 168; n\u00e4s se folccyning \u00e6nig ... \u00fee mec\ng\u00fb\u00f0winum gr\u00eatan dorste (_attack with swords_), 2736; Wyrd ... se \u00feone\ngomelan gr\u00eatan sceolde, 2422; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feone sin-sca\u00f0an g\u00fb\u00f0billa n\u00e2n gr\u00eatan\nnolde, _that no sword would take hold upon the irreconcilable enemy_, 804;\npret. sg. gr\u00eatte goldhroden guman on healle, _the gold-adorned_ (queen)\n_greeted the men in the hall_, 615; n\u00f4 he mid hearme ... g\u00e4stas gr\u00eatte,\n_did not approach the strangers with insults_, 1894; gomenwudu gr\u00eatte,\n_touched the wood of joy, played the harp_, 2109; pret. subj. II. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t\n\u00feu \u00feone w\u00e4lg\u00e6st wihte ne gr\u00eatte, _that thou shouldst by no means seek out\nthe murderous spirit_ (Grendel), 1996; similarly, sg. III. \u00fe\u00e4t he ne gr\u00eatte\ngoldweard \u00feone, 3082; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s ... gomenwudu gr\u00eated, 1066.\n\nge-gr\u00eatan, w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute, to address_: pret. sg. holdne\ngegr\u00eatte meaglum wordum, _greeted the dear man with formal words_, 1981;\ngegr\u00eatte \u00fe\u00e2 gumena gehwylcne ... hindeman si\u00f0e, _spoke then the last time\nto each of the men_, 2517.--2) _to approach, to come near, to seek out_:\ninf. sceal ... manig \u00f4\u00f0erne g\u00f4dum gegr\u00eatan ofer ganotes b\u00e4\u00f0, _many a one\nwill seek another across the sea with gifts_, 1862.\n\ngre\u00f3t, st. m., _grit, sand, earth_: dat. sg. on gre\u00f3te, 3169.\n\ngre\u00f3tan, st. v., _to weep, to mourn, to lament_: pres. sg. III. se \u00fee \u00e4fter\nsincgyfan on sefan gre\u00f3te\u00f0, _who laments in his heart for the\ntreasure-giver_, 1343.\n\ngrim, adj., _grim, angry, wild, hostile_: nom. sg., 121, 555, 1500, etc.;\nweak form, se grimma g\u00e4st, 102; acc. sg. m. grimne, 1149, 2137; fem,\ngrimme, 1235; gen. sg. grimre g\u00fb\u00f0e, 527; instr. pl. grimman gr\u00e2pum,\n1543.--Comp.: beado-, hea\u00f0o-, heoro-, searo-grim.\n\ngrimme, adv., _grimly, in a hostile manner, bitterly_, 3013, 3086.\n\ngrim-l\u00eec, adj., _grim, terrible_: nom. sg. griml\u00eec gry[re-g\u00e4st], 3042.\n\ngrimman, st. v., (properly _to snort_), _to go forward hastily, to hasten_:\npret. pl. grummon, 306.\n\ngrindan, st. v., _to grind_, in\n\nfor-grindan, _to destroy, to ruin_: pret. sg. w. dat. forgrand gramum,\n_destroyed the enemy, killed them_ (?), 424; pret. part. w. acc. h\u00e4fde\nl\u00eegdraca le\u00f3da f\u00e4sten ... gl\u00eadum forgrunden, _had with flames destroyed the\npeople's feasts_, 2336; \u00fe\u00e2 his \u00e2gen (scyld) w\u00e4s gl\u00eadum forgrunden, _since\nhis own (shield) had been destroyed by the fire_, 2678.\n\ngripe, st. m., _gripe, attack_: nom. sg. gripe m\u00eaces, 1766; acc. sg. grimne\ngripe, 1149.--Comp.: f\u00e6r-, mund-, n\u00ee\u00f0-gripe.\n\ngr\u00eema, w. m., _mask, visor_: in comp. beado-, here-gr\u00eema.\n\ngr\u00eem-helm, st. m., _mask-helmet, helmet with visor_: acc. pl. gr\u00eem-helmas,\n334.\n\ngr\u00eepan, st. v., _to gripe, to seize, to grasp_: pret. sg. gr\u00e2p \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4ge\u00e1nes,\n_then she caught at_, 1502.\n\nfor-gr\u00eepan _(to gripe vehemently), to gripe so as to kill, to kill by the\ngrasp_, w. dat.: pret. sg. \u00e4t g\u00fb\u00f0e forgr\u00e2p Grendeles m\u00e6gum, 2354.\nwi\u00f0-gr\u00eepan, w. dat., _(to seize at), to maintain, to hold erect_: inf. h\u00fb\nwi\u00f0 \u00feam agl\u00e6cean elles meahte gylpe wi\u00f0-gr\u00eepan, _how else I might maintain\nmy boast of battle against the monster_, 2522.\n\ngr\u00f4wan, st. v., _to grow, to sprout_: pret. sg. him on ferh\u00f0e gre\u00f3w\nbre\u00f3sthord bl\u00f4dre\u00f3w, 1719.\n\ngrund, st. m.: 1) _ground, plain, fields_ in contrast with highlands;\n_earth_ in contrast with heaven: dat. sg. s\u00f4hte ... \u00e4fter grunde, _sought\nalong the ground_, 2295; acc. pl. ofer grundas, 1405, 2074.--2) _bottom,\nthe lowest part_: acc. sg. grund (of the sea of Grendel), 1368; on gyfenes\ngrund, 1395; under gynne grund (_bottom of the sea_) 1552; dat. sg. t\u00f4\ngrunde (of the sea), 553; grunde (of the drake's cave) getenge, 2759; so,\non grunde, 2766.--Comp.: eormen-, mere-, s\u00e6-grund.\n\ngrund-b\u00fbend, pres. part., _inhabitant of the earth_: gen. pl.\ngrund-b\u00fbendra, 1007.\n\ngrund-hyrde, st. m., _warder of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg. (of\nGrendel's mother), 2137.\n\ngrund-sele, st. m., _hall at the bottom_ (of the sea): dat sg. in \u00feam\n[grund]sele, 2140.\n\ngrund-wang, st. m., _ground surface, lowest surface_: acc. sg. \u00feone\ngrund-wong (_bottom of the sea_), 1497; (bottom of the drake's cave), 2772,\n2589.\n\ngrund-wyrgen, st. f., _she-wolf of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg.\ngrund-wyrgenne (Grendel's mother), 1519.\n\ngryn (cf. Gloss. Aldh. \"retinaculum, rete grin,\" Hpts. Ztschr. IX. 429),\nst. n., _net, noose, snare_: gen. pl. fela ... grynna, 931. See gyrn.\n\ngryre, st. m., _horror, terror, anything causing terror_: nom. sg., 1283;\nacc. sg. wi\u00f0 Grendles gryre, 384; hie Wyrd forswe\u00f3p on Grendles gryre,\n_snatched them away into the horror of Grendel, to the horrible Grendel_,\n478; dat. pl. mid gryrum ecga, 483; gen. pl. sw\u00e2 fela gryra, 592.--Comp.:\nf\u00e6r-, w\u00eeg-gryre.\n\ngryre-br\u00f4ga, w. m., _terror and horror, amazement_: nom. sg.\n[gryre-]br[\u00f4]g[a], 2229.\n\ngryre-f\u00e2h, adj., _gleaming terribly_: acc. sg. gryre-f\u00e2hne (_the\nfire-spewing drake_, cf. also [draca] f\u00fdrwylmum f\u00e2h, 2672), 2577.\n\ngryre-g\u00e4st, st. m., _terror-guest, stranger causing terror_: nom. sg.\ngriml\u00eec gry[reg\u00e4st], 3042; dat. sg. wi\u00f0 \u00feam gryregieste (the dragon), 2561.\n\ngryre-geatwe, st. f. pl., _terror-armor, warlike equipment_: dat. pl. in\nhyra gryre-geatwum, 324.\n\ngryre-le\u00f3\u00f0, st. n., _terror-song, fearful song_: acc. sg. geh\u00fdrdon\ngryrele\u00f3\u00f0 galan godes and-sacan (_heard Grendel's cry of agony_), 787.\n\ngryre-l\u00eec, adj., _terrible, horrible_: acc. sg. gryre-l\u00eecne, 1442, 2137.\n\ngryre-s\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _way of terror, way causing terror_, i.e. warlike\nexpedition: acc. pl. se \u00fee gryre-s\u00ee\u00f0as geg\u00e2n dorste, 1463.\n\nguma, w. m., _man, human being_: nom. sg., 653, 869, etc.; acc. sg. guman,\n1844, 2295; dat. sg. guman (gumum, MS.), 2822; nom pl. guman, 215, 306,\n667, etc.; acc. pl. guman, 615; dat. pl. gumum, 127, 321; gen. pl. gumena,\n73, 328, 474, 716, etc.--Comp.: driht-, seld-guma.\n\ngum-cyn, st. n., _race of men, people, nation_: gen. sg. we synt gumcynnes\nGe\u00e1ta le\u00f3de, _people from the nation of the Ge\u00e1tas_, 260; dat. pl. \u00e4fter\ngum-cynnum, _along the nations, among the nations_, 945.\n\ngum-cyst, st. f., _man's excellence, man's virtue_: acc. sg. (or pl.)\ngumcyste, 1724; dat. pl. as adv., _excellently, preeminently_: gumcystum\ng\u00f4dne be\u00e1ga bryttan, 1487; gumcystum g\u00f4d ... hilde-hlemma (Be\u00f3wulf), 2544.\n\ngum-dre\u00e1m, st. m., _joyous doings of men_: acc. sg. gum-dre\u00e1m ofgeaf\n(died), 2470.\n\ngum-dryhten, st. m., _lord of men_: nom. sg. 1643.\n\ngum-f\u00ea\u00f0a, w. m., _troop of men going on foot_: nom. sg., 1402.\n\ngum-man, st. m., _man_: gen. pl. gum-manna fela, 1029.\n\ngum-st\u00f4l, st. m., _man's seat_ [Greek: kat'ezoch\u00e6n] _ruler's seat, throne_:\ndat. sg. in gumst\u00f4le, 1953.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0, st. f., _combat, battle_: nom. sg., 1124, 1659, 2484, 2537; acc. sg.\ng\u00fb\u00f0e, 604; instr. sg. g\u00fb\u00f0e, 1998; dat. sg. t\u00f4 (\u00e4t) g\u00fb\u00f0e, 438, 1473. 1536,\n2354, etc.; gen. sg. g\u00fb\u00f0e, 483, 527, 631, etc.; dat. pl. g\u00fb\u00f0um, 1959, 2179;\ngen. pl. g\u00fb\u00f0a, 2513, 2544.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-beorn, st. m., _warrior_: gen. pl. g\u00fb\u00f0-beorna sum (_the strand-guard on\nthe Danish coast_), 314.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-bil, st. n., _battle-bill_: nom. sg. g\u00fb\u00f0bill, 2585; gen. pl. g\u00fb\u00f0-billa\nn\u00e2n, 804.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-byrne, w. f., _battle-corselet_: nom. sg., 321.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-cearu, st. f., _sorrow which the combat brings_: dat. sg. \u00e4fter\ng\u00fb\u00f0-ceare, 1259.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-cr\u00e4ft, st. m., _warlike strength, power in battle_: nom. sg. Grendles\ng\u00fb\u00f0-cr\u00e4ft, 127.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-cyning, st. m., _king in battle, king directing a battle_: nom. sg.,\n199, 1970, 2336, etc.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-de\u00e1\u00f0, st. m., _death in battle_: nom. sg., 2250.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-floga, w. m., _flying warrior_: acc. sg. wi\u00f0 \u00feone g\u00fb\u00f0flogan (the\ndrake), 2529.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-freca, w. m., _hero in battle, warrior_ (see freca): nom. sg. gearo\ng\u00fb\u00f0-freca, of the drake, 2415.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-fremmend, pres. part., _fighting a battle, warrior_: gen. pl.\ng\u00fb\u00f0-fremmendra, 246; g\u00fb\u00f0- (g\u00f4d-, MS.) fremmendra swylcum, _such a warrior_\n(meaning Be\u00f3wulf), 299.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-gew\u00e6de, st. n., _battle-dress, armor_: nom. pl. g\u00fb\u00f0-gew\u00e6do, 227; acc.\npl. -gew\u00e6du, 2618, 2631(?), 2852, 2872; gen. pl. -gew\u00e6da, 2624.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-geweorc, st. n., _battle-work warlike deed_: gen. pl., -geweorca, 679,\n982, 1826.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment for combat_: acc. \u00fe\u00e2 g\u00fb\u00f0-geatwa\n(-getawa, MS.), 2637; dat. in e\u00f3wrum g\u00fb\u00f0-geatawum, 395.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-helm, st. m., _battle-helmet_: nom. sg., 2488.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-horn, st. n., _battle-horn_: acc. sg., 1433.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-hr\u00ea\u00f0, st. f., _battle-fame_: nom. sg., 820.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-le\u00f3\u00f0, st. n., _battle-song_: acc., sg., 1523.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-m\u00f4d, adj., _disposed to battle, having an inclination to battle_. nom.\npl. g\u00fb\u00f0-m\u00f4de, 306.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-r\u00e6s, st. m., _storm of battle, attack_: acc. sg., 2992; gen. pl.\ng\u00fb\u00f0-r\u00e6sa, 1578, 2427.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-re\u00f3w, adj., _fierce in battle_: nom. sg., 58.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-rinc, st. m., _man of battle, fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 839, 1119,\n1882; acc. sg., 1502; gen. pl. g\u00fb\u00f0-rinca, 2649.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-r\u00f4f, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg., 609.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-scea\u00f0a, w. m., _battle-foe, enemy in combat_: nom. sg., of the drake,\n2319.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-scearu, st. f., _decision of the battle_: dat. sg. \u00e4fter g\u00fb\u00f0-sceare,\n1214.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-sele, st. m., _battle-hall, hall in which a battle takes place_: dat\nsg. in \u00fe\u00e4m g\u00fb\u00f0sele (in Heorot), 443.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-searo, st. n. pl., _battle-equipment, armor_; acc., 215, 328.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-sweord, st. n., _battle-sword_: acc. sg., 2155.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-w\u00earig, adj., _wearied by battle dead_: acc. sg. g\u00fb\u00f0-w\u00earigne Grendel,\n1587.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-wine, st. m., _battle-friend, comrade in battle_ designation of the\nsword: acc. sg., 1811; instr. pl. \u00fee mec g\u00fb\u00f0-winum gr\u00eatan dorste, _who\ndared to attack me with his war-friends_, 2736.\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-w\u00eega, w. m., _fighter of battles, warrior_: nom. sg., 2112.\n\ngyd. See gid.\n\ngyfan. See gifan.\n\ngyldan. See gildan.\n\ngylden, adj., _golden_: nom. sg. gylden hilt, 1678; acc. sg. segen\ngyldenne, 47, 1022; bring gyldenne, 2810; dat. sg. under gyldnum be\u00e1ge,\n1164.--Comp. eal-gylden.\n\ngylp. See gilp.\n\ngyrdan, w. v., _to gird, to lace_: pret. part. gyrded cempa, _the (sword-)\ngirt warrior_, 2079.\n\ngyrn, st. n., _sorrow, harm_: nom. sg., 1776.\n\ngyrn-wracu, st. f., _revenge for harm_: dat. sg. t\u00f4 gyrn-wr\u00e4ce, 1139; gen.\nsg. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s eft hra\u00f0e gearo gyrn-wr\u00e4ce Grendeles m\u00f4dor, _then was Grendel's\nmother in turn immediately ready for revenge for the injury_, 2119.\n\ngyrwan. See gerwan.\n\ngystran. See gistran.\n\ng\u00fdman, w. v. w. gen., _to take care of, to be careful about_: pres. III.\ng\u00fdme\u00f0, 1758, 2452; imp. sg. oferhyda ne g\u00fdm! _do not study arrogance_\n(despise it), 1761.\n\nfor-g\u00fdman, w. acc., _to neglect, to slight_: pres. sg. III. he \u00fe\u00e2\nfor\u00f0-gesceaft forgyte\u00f0 and forg\u00fdme\u00f0, 1752.\n\ng\u00fdtsian. See g\u00eetsian.\n\ngyt. See git.\n\n\nH\n\nhabban, w. v., _to have_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. I. \u00fe\u00e4s ic w\u00ean h\u00e4bbe (_as I\nhope_), 383; \u00fee ic geweald h\u00e4bbe, 951; ic me on hafu bord and byrnan, _have\non me shield and coat of mail_, 2525; hafo, 3001; sg. II. \u00feu nu [fri\u00f0u]\nhafast, 1175; pl. I. habba\u00f0 we ... micel \u00e6rende, 270; pres. subj. sg. III.\n\u00fe\u00e4t he \u00ferittiges manna m\u00e4gencr\u00e4ft on his mundgripe h\u00e4bbe, 381. Blended with\nthe negative: pl. III. \u00fe\u00e4t be S\u00e6-Ge\u00e1tas s\u00ealran n\u00e4bben t\u00f4 gece\u00f3senne cyning\n\u00e6nigne, _that the Sea-Ge\u00e1tas will have no better king than you to choose_,\n1851; imp. hafa nu and geheald h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest, 659; inf. habban, 446, 462,\n3018; pret. sg. h\u00e4fde, 79, 518, 554; pl. h\u00e4fdon, 539.--2) used as an\nauxiliary with the pret. part.: pres. sg. I. h\u00e4bbe ic ... ongunnen, 408;\nh\u00e4bbe ic ... ge\u00e2hsod, 433; II. hafast, 954, 1856; III. hafa\u00f0, 474, 596;\npret. sg. h\u00e4fde, 106, 220, 666, 2322, 2334, 2953, etc.; pl. h\u00e4fdon, 117,\n695, 884, 2382, etc. Pret. part. inflected: nu scealc hafa\u00f0 d\u00e6d gefremede,\n940; h\u00e4fde se g\u00f4da ... cempan gecorone, 205. With the pres. part. are\nformed the compounds: bord-, rond-h\u00e4bbend.\n\nfor-habban, _to hold back, to keep one's self_: inf. ne meahte w\u00e4fre m\u00f4d\nforhabban in hre\u00f0re, _the expiring life could not hold itself back in the\nbreast_, 1152; ne mihte \u00fe\u00e2 for-habban, _could not restrain himself_, 2610.\n\nwi\u00f0-habban, _to resist, to offer resistance_: pret. \u00fe\u00e4t se w\u00eensele\nwi\u00f0-h\u00e4fde hea\u00f0o-de\u00f3rum, _that the hall resisted them furious in fight_,\n773.\n\nhafela, heafola, w. m., _head_: acc. sg. hafelan, 1373, 1422, 1615, 1636,\n1781; n\u00e2 \u00feu m\u00eenne \u00feearft hafalan h\u00fddan, 446; \u00feonne we on orlege hafelan\nweredon, _protected our heads, defended ourselves_, 1328; se hw\u00eeta helm\nhafelan werede, 1449; dat. sg. hafelan, 673, 1522; heafolan, 2680; gen. sg.\nheafolan, 2698; nom. pl. hafelan, 1121.--Comp. w\u00eeg-heafola.\n\nhafenian, w. v., _to raise, to uplift_: pret. sg. w\u00e6pen hafenade heard be\nhiltum, _raised the weapon, the strong man, by the hilt_, 1574.\n\nhafoc, st. m., _hawk_: nom. sg., 2264.\n\nhaga, w. m., _enclosed piece of ground, hedge, farm-enclosure_: dat. sg. t\u00f4\nhagan, 2893, 2961.\n\nhaga, w. m. See \u00e2n-haga.\n\nhama, homa, w. m., _dress_: in the comp. fl\u00e6sc-, fyrd-, l\u00eec-hama, sc\u00eer-ham\n(adj.).\n\nhamer, st. m., _hammer_: instr. sg. hamere, 1286; gen. pl. homera l\u00e2fe\n(swords), 2830.\n\nhand, hond, st. f., _hand_: nom. sg. 2138; si\u00f3 sw\u00ee\u00f0re ... hand, _the right\nhand_, 2100; hond, 1521, 2489, 2510; acc. sg. hand, 558, 984; hond, 657,\n687, 835, 928, etc.; dat. sg. on handa, 495, 540; mid handa, 747, 2721; be\nhonda, 815; dat. pl. (as instr.) hondum, 1444, 2841.\n\nhand-bana, w. m., _murderer with the hand_, or _in hand-to-hand combat_:\ndat. sg. t\u00f4 hand-bonan (-banan), 460, 1331.\n\nhand-gem\u00f4t, st. n., _hand-to-hand conflict, battle_: gen. pl. (ecg) \u00feolode\n\u00e6r fela hand-gem\u00f4ta, 1527; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4t l\u00e4sest w\u00e4s hond-gem\u00f4ta, 2356.\n\nhand-gesella, w. m., _hand-companion, man of the retinue_: dat. pl.\nhond-gesellum, 1482.\n\nhand-gestealla, w. m., _(one whose position is near at hand), comrade,\ncompanion, attendant_: dat. sg. hond-gesteallan, 2170; nom. pl.\nhand-gesteallan, 2597.\n\nhand-geweorc, st. n., _work done with the hands_, i.e. achievement in\nbattle: dat. sg. for \u00fe\u00e4s hild-fruman hondgeweorce, 2836.\n\nhand-gewri\u00f0en, pret. part. _hand-wreathed, bound with the hand._ acc. pl.\nw\u00e4lbende ... hand-gewri\u00f0ene, 1938.\n\nhand-locen, pret. part., _joined, united by hand_: nom. sg. (g\u00fb\u00f0-byrne,\nl\u00eec-syrce) hondlocen (because the shirts of mail consisted of interlaced\nrings), 322, 551.\n\nhand-r\u00e6s, st. m., _hand-battle_, i.e. combat with the hands: nom. sg.\nhond-r\u00e6s, 2073.\n\nhand-scalu, st. f., _hand-attendance, retinue_: dat. sg. mid his hand-scale\n(hond-scole), 1318, 1964.\n\nhand-sporu, st. f., _finger_ (on Grendel's hand), under the figure of a\nspear: nom. pl. hand-sporu, 987.\n\nhand-wundor, st. n., _wonder done by the hand, wonderful handwork_: gen.\npl. hond-wundra m\u00e6st, 2769.\n\nhangan. See h\u00f4n.\n\nhangian, w. v., _to hang_: pres. sg. III. \u00feonne his sunu hanga\u00f0 hrefne to\nhr\u00f4\u00f0re, _when his son hangs, a joy to the ravens_, 2448; pl. III. ofer \u00fe\u00e4m\n(mere) hongia\u00f0 hr\u00eemge bearwas, _over which frosty forests hang_, 1364; inf.\nhangian, 1663; pret. hangode, _hung down_, 2086.\n\nhatian, w. v. w. acc., _to hate, to be an enemy to, to hurt_: inf. he \u00feone\nhea\u00f0o-rinc hatian ne meahte l\u00e2\u00f0um d\u00e6dum (_could not do him any harm_),\n2467; pret. sg. h\u00fb se g\u00fb\u00f0-scea\u00f0a Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de hatode and h\u00fdnde, 2320.\n\nh\u00e2d, st. m., _form, condition, position, manner_: acc. sg. \u00feurh h\u00e6stne h\u00e2d,\n_in a powerful manner_, 1336; on ges\u00ee\u00f0es h\u00e2d, _in the position of follower,\nas follower_, 1298; on sweordes h\u00e2d, _in the form of a sword_, 2194. See\nunder on.\n\nh\u00e2dor, st. m., _clearness, brightness_: acc. sg. under heofenes h\u00e2dor, 414.\n\nh\u00e2dor, adj., _clear, fresh, loud_: nom. sg. scop hw\u00eelum sang h\u00e2dor on\nHeorote, 497.\n\nh\u00e2dre, adv., _clearly, brightly_, 1572.\n\nh\u00e2l, adj., _hale, whole, sound, unhurt_: nom. sg. h\u00e2l, 300. With gen.\nhea\u00f0o-l\u00e2ces h\u00e2l, _safe from battle_, 1975. As form of salutation, wes ...\nh\u00e2l, 407; dat. sg. h\u00e2lan l\u00eece, 1504.\n\nh\u00e2lig, adj., _holy_: nom. sg. h\u00e2lig god, 381, 1554; h\u00e2lig dryhten, 687.\n\nh\u00e2m, st. m., _home, residence, estate, land_: acc. sg. h\u00e2m, 1408; Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res\nh\u00e2m, 718. Usually in adverbial sense: gew\u00e2t him h\u00e2m, _betook himself home_,\n1602; t\u00f4 h\u00e2m, 124, 374, 2993; fram h\u00e2m, _at home_, 194; \u00e4t h\u00e2m, _at home_,\n1249, 1924, 1157; gen. sg. h\u00e2mes, 2367; acc. pl. h\u00e2mas, 1128.--Comp.\nFinnes-h\u00e2m, 1157.\n\nh\u00e2m-weor\u00f0ung, st. f., _honor_ or _ornament of home_: acc. sg. h\u00e2m-weor\u00f0unge\n(designation of the daughter of Hygel\u00e2c, given in marriage to Eofor), 2999.\n\nh\u00e2r, adj., _gray_: nom. sg. h\u00e2r hilde-rinc, 1308, 3137; acc. sg. under\n(ofer) h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n, 888, 1416, 2554; h\u00e2re byrnan (i.e. iron shirt of mail),\n2154; dat. sg. h\u00e2rum hildfruman, 1679; f. on he\u00e1re h\u00e6\u00f0e (on heaw ... h ...\n\u00f0e, MS.), 2213; gen. sg. h\u00e2res, _of the old man_, 2989.--Comp. un-h\u00e2r.\n\nh\u00e2t, adj., _hot, glowing, flaming_ nom sg., 1617, 2297, 2548, 2559, etc.;\nwyrm h\u00e2t gemealt, _the drake hot_ (of his own heat) _melted_, 898; acc.\nsg., 2282(?); inst. sg. h\u00e2tan heolfre, 850, 1424; g. sg. hea\u00f0u-f\u00fdres h\u00e2tes,\n2523; acc. pl. h\u00e2te hea\u00f0o-wylmas, 2820.--Sup.: h\u00e2tost hea\u00f0o-sw\u00e2ta, 1669.\n\nh\u00e2t, st. n., _heat, fire_: acc. sg. geseah his mondryhten ... h\u00e2t \u00ferowian,\n_saw his lord endure the_ (drake's) _heat_, 2606.\n\nhata, w. m., _persecutor_; in comp. d\u00e6d-hata.\n\nh\u00e2tan, st. v.: 1) _to bid, to order, to direct_, with acc. and inf., and\nacc. of the person: pres. sg. I. ic magu\u00feegnas m\u00eene h\u00e2te ... flotan e\u00f3werne\n\u00e2rum healdan, _I bid my thanes take good care of your craft_, 293; imp. sg.\nII. h\u00e2t in g\u00e2n ... sibbegedriht, 386; pl. II. h\u00e2ta\u00f0 hea\u00f0o-m\u00e6re hl\u00e6w\ngewyrcean, 2803; inf. \u00fe\u00e4t healreced h\u00e2tan wolde ... men gewyrcean, _that he\nwished to command men to build a hall-edifice_, 68. Pret. sg. h\u00eaht: h\u00eaht\n... eahta mearas ... on flet te\u00f3n, _gave command to bring eight horses into\nthe hall_, 1036; \u00feonne \u00e6nne h\u00eaht golde forgyldan, _commanded to make good\nthat one with gold_, 1054; h\u00eaht \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t hea\u00f0o-weorc t\u00f4 hagan bi\u00f3dan,\n_ordered the combat to be announced at the hedge_(?), 2893; sw\u00e2 se snottra\nh\u00eaht, _as the wise_ (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r) _directed_, 1787; so, 1808, 1809. h\u00eat: h\u00eat\nhim \u00fd\u00f0lidan g\u00f4dne gegyrwan, _ordered a good vessel to be prepared for him_,\n198; so, h\u00eat, 391, 1115, 3111. As the form of a wish: h\u00eat hine wel br\u00fbcan,\n1064; so, 2813; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s h\u00e2ten hra\u00f0e Heort innan-weard folmum\ngefr\u00e4twod, _forthwith was ordered Heorot, adorned by hand on the inside_\n(i.e. that the edifice should be adorned by hand on the inside), 992.--2)\n_to name, to call_: pres. subj. III. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t hit s\u00e6l\u00ee\u00f0end ... h\u00e2tan\nBi\u00f3wulfes biorh, _that mariners may call it Be\u00f3wulf's grave-mound_, 2807;\npret. part. w\u00e4s se grimma g\u00e4st Grendel h\u00e2ten, 102; so, 263, 373, 2603.\n\nge-h\u00e2tan, _to promise, to give one's word, to vow, to threaten_: pres. sg.\nI. ic hit \u00fee geh\u00e2te, 1393; so, 1672; pret. sg. he me m\u00eade geh\u00eat, _promised\nme reward_, 2135; him f\u00e4gre geh\u00eat le\u00e1na (gen. pl.), _promised them proper\nreward_, 2990; we\u00e1n oft geh\u00eat earmre teohhe, _with woe often threatened the\nunhappy band_, 2938; pret. pl. geh\u00eaton \u00e4t h\u00e4rgtrafum wig-weor\u00f0unga, _vowed\nofferings at the shrines of the gods_, 175; \u00feonne we geh\u00eaton \u00fbssum hl\u00e2forde\n\u00fe\u00e4t ..., _when we promised our lord that_..., 2635; pret. part. si\u00f3 geh\u00e2ten\n[w\u00e4s] ... gladum suna Fr\u00f4dan, _betrothed to the glad son of Froda_, 2025.\n\nh\u00e2tor, st. m. n., _heat_: in comp. and-h\u00e2tor.\n\nh\u00e4ft, adj., _held, bound, fettered_: nom. sg., 2409; acc. sg. helle h\u00e4ftan,\n_him fettered by hell_ (Grendel), 789.\n\nh\u00e4ft-m\u00eace, st. m., _sword with fetters_ or _chains_ (cf. fetel-hilt): dat.\nsg. \u00fe\u00e4m h\u00e4ft-m\u00eace, 1458. See Note.\n\nh\u00e4g-steald, st. m., _man, liegeman, youth_: gen. pl. h\u00e4g-stealdra, 1890.\n\nh\u00e4le, st. m., _man_: nom. sg., 1647, 1817, 3112; acc. sg. h\u00e4le, 720; dat.\npl. h\u00e6lum (h\u00e6num, MS.), 1984.\n\nh\u00e4le\u00f0, st. m., _hero, fighter, warrior, man_: nom. sg., 190, 331, 1070;\nnom. pl. h\u00e4le\u00f0, 52, 2248, 2459, 3143; dat. pl. h\u00e4le\u00f0um 1710, 1962, etc.;\ngen. pl. h\u00e4le\u00f0a, 467, 497, 612, 663, etc.\n\nh\u00e4rg. See hearg.\n\nh\u00e6\u00f0, st. f., _heath_: dat. sg. h\u00e6\u00f0e, 2213.\n\nh\u00e6\u00f0en, adj., _heathenish_; acc. sg. h\u00e6\u00f0ene s\u00e2wle, 853; dat. sg. h\u00e6\u00f0num\nhorde, 2217; gen. sg. h\u00e6\u00f0enes, _of the heathen_ (Grendel), 987; gen. pl.\nh\u00e6\u00f0enra, 179.\n\nh\u00e6\u00f0-stapa, w. m., _that which goes about on the heath_ (stag): nom. sg.,\n1369\n\nh\u00e6l, st. f.: 1) _health, welfare, luck_: acc. sg. him h\u00e6l \u00e2be\u00e1d, 654; mid\nh\u00e6le, 1218.--2) _favorable sign, favorable omen_: h\u00e6l sce\u00e1wedon, _observed\nfavorable signs_ (for Be\u00f3wulf's undertaking), 204.\n\nh\u00e6lo, st. f., _health, welfare, luck_: acc. sg. h\u00e6lo \u00e2be\u00e1d heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tum,\n2419.--Comp. un-h\u00e6lo.\n\nh\u00e6st (O.H.G. haister\u00e2 hant\u00ee, manu violenta; heist, ira; heistigo,\niracunde), adj., _violent, vehement_: acc. sg. \u00feurh h\u00e6stne h\u00e2d, 1336.\n\nhe, fem. he\u00f3, neut. hit, pers. pron., _he, she, it_; in the oblique cases\nalso reflexive, _himself, herself, itself_: acc. sg. hine, h\u00ee, hit; dat.\nsg. him, hire, him; gen. sg. his, hire, his; plur. acc. nom. h\u00ee, hig, hie;\ndat. him; gen. hira, heora, hiera, hiora.--he omitted before the verb, 68,\n300, 2309, 2345.\n\nhebban, st. v., _to raise, to lift_, w. acc.: inf. si\u00f0\u00f0an ic hond and rond\nhebban mihte, 657; pret. part. hafen, 1291; h\u00e4fen, 3024.\n\n\u00e2-hebban, _raise, to lift from, to take away_: w\u00e4s ... icge gold \u00e2hafen of\nhorde, _taken up from the hoard_, 1109; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s ... w\u00f4p up \u00e2hafen, _a cry of\ndistress raised_, 128\n\nge-hegan [ge-h\u00eagan], w. v., _to enclose, to fence_: \u00feing gehegan, _to mark\noff the court, hold court_. Here figurative: inf. sceal ... \u00e2na gehegan\n\u00feing wi\u00f0 \u00feyrse (_shall alone decide the matter with Grendel_), 425.\n\nhel, st. f., _hell_: nom. sg., 853; acc. sg. helle, 179; dat. sg. helle,\n101, 589; (as instr.), 789; gen. sg. helle, 1275.\n\nhel-bend, st. m. f. _bond of hell_: instr. pl. hell-bendum f\u00e4st, 3073.\n\nhel-r\u00fbna, w. m., _sorcerer_: nom. pl. helr\u00fbnan, 163.\n\nbe-helan, st. v., _to conceal, to hide_: pret. part. be-holen, 414.\n\nhelm, st. m.: 1) _protection in general, defence, covering that protects_:\nacc. sg. on helm, 1393; under helm, 1746.--2) _helmet_: nom. sg., 1630;\nacc. sg. helm, 673, 1023, 1527, 2988; (helo, MS.), 2724; br\u00fbn-f\u00e2gne,\ngold-f\u00e2hne helm, 2616, 2812; dat. sg. under helme, 342, 404; gen. sg.\nhelmes, 1031; acc. pl. helmas, 240, 2639.--3) _defence, protector_,\ndesignation of the king: nom. sg. helm Scyldinga (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 371, 456, 1322;\nacc. sg. heofena helm _(the defender of the heavens_ = God), 182; helm\nScylfinga, 2382.--Comp.: gr\u00eem-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, hea\u00f0o-, niht-helm.\n\nofer-helmian, w. v. w. acc., _to cover over, to overhang_: pres. sg. III.\nofer-helma\u00f0, 1365.\n\nhelm-berend, pres. part., _helm-wearing_ (warrior): acc. pl. helmberend,\n2518, 2643.\n\nhelpan, st. v., _to help_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t him holt-wudu helpan ne meahte, lind\nwi\u00f0 l\u00eege, _that a wooden shield could not help him, a linden shield against\nflame_, 2341; \u00fe\u00e4t him \u00eerenna ecge mihton helpan \u00e4t hilde, 2685; wutun\ngangan to, helpan hildfruman, _let us go thitherto help the battle-chief_,\n2650; w. gen. ongan ... m\u00e6ges helpan, _began to help my kinsman_, 2880; so,\npret. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r he his m\u00e6ges (MS. m\u00e4genes) healp, 2699.\n\nhelp, m. and f., _help, support, maintenance_: acc. sg. helpe, 551, 1553;\ndat. sg. t\u00f4 helpe, 1831; acc. sg. helpe, 2449.\n\nhende, _-handed_: in comp. \u00eedel-hende.\n\nher, adv., _here_, 397, 1062, 1229, 1655, 1821, 2054, 2797, etc.; _hither_,\n244, 361, 376.\n\nhere (Goth, harji-s), st. m., _army, troops_: dat. sg. on herge, _in the\narmy, on a warlike expedition, 1249; in the army, among the fighting men_,\n2639; as instr. herge, 2348.--Comp.: flot-, scip-, sin-here.\n\nhere-br\u00f4ga, w. m., _terror of the army, fear of war_: dat. sg. for\nhere-br\u00f4gan, 462.\n\nhere-byrne, w. f., _battle-mail, coat of mail_: nom. sg., 1444.\n\nhere-gr\u00eema, w. m., _battle-mask_, i.e. helmet (with visor): dat. sg.\n-gr\u00eeman, 396, 2050, 2606.\n\nhere-net, st. n., _battle-net_, i.e. coat of mail (of interlaced rings):\nnom. sg., 1554.\n\nhere-n\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _battle-enmity, battle of armies_: nom. sg., 2475.\n\nhere-p\u00e2d, st. f., _army-dress_, i.e. coat of mail, armor: nom. sg., 2259.\n\nhere-rinc, st. m., _army-hero, hero in battle, warrior_: acc. sg. here-rinc\n(MS. here ric), 1177.\n\nhere-sceaft, st. m., _battle-shaft_, i.e. spear: gen. pl. here-sceafta\nhe\u00e1p, 335.\n\nhere-sp\u00ead, st. f., _(war-speed), luck in war_: nom. sg., 64.\n\nhere-str\u00e6l, st. m., _war-arrow, missile_: nom. sg., 1436.\n\nhere-syrce, w. f., _battle-shirt, shirt of mail_: acc. sg. here-syrcan,\n1512.\n\nhere-w\u00e6d, st. f., _army-dress, coat of mail, armor_: dat. pl. (as instr.)\nhere-w\u00e6dum, 1898.\n\nhere-w\u00e6sma, w. m., _war-might, fierce strength in battle_: dat. pl. an\nhere-w\u00e6smum, 678.--Leo.\n\nhere-w\u00eesa, w. m., _leader of the army_, i.e. ruler, king: nom. sg., 3021.\n\nherg, hearg, st. m., _image of a god, grove where a god was worshipped_,\nhence to the Christian a wicked place(?): dat. pl. hergum gehea\u00f0erod,\n_confined in wicked places_ (parallel with hell-bendum f\u00e4st), 3073.\n\nherigean, w. v. w. dat. of pers., _to provide with an army, to support with\nan army_: pres. sg. I. ic \u00fee wel herige, 1834.--Leo.\n\nhete, st. m., _hate, enmity_: nom. sg. 142, 2555.--Comp.: ecg-, mor\u00f0or-,\nw\u00eeg-hete.\n\nhete-l\u00eec, adj., _hated_: nom. sg., 1268.\n\nhetend, hettend, (pres. part. of hetan, see hatian), _enemy_, hostis: nom.\npl. hetende, 1829; dat. pl. wi\u00f0 hettendum, 3005.\n\nhete-n\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _enmity full of hate_: acc. pl. hete-n\u00ee\u00f0as, 152.\n\nhete-sweng, st. m., _a blow from hate_: acc. pl. hete-swengeas, 2226.\n\nhete-\u00feanc, st. m., _hate-thought, a hostile design_: dat. pl. mid his\nhete-\u00feancum, 475.\n\nh\u00eadan, ge-h\u00eadan, w. v. w. gen.: 1) _to protect_: pret. sg. ne h\u00eadde he \u00fe\u00e4s\nheafolan, _did not protect his head_, 2698.--2) _to obtain_: subj. pret.\nsg. III. geh\u00eadde, 505.\n\nh\u00earian, w. v. w. acc., _to praise, to commend_: with reference to God, _to\nadore_: inf. heofena helm h\u00earian ne c\u00fb\u00f0on, _could not worship the defence\nof the heavens_ (God), 182; ne h\u00fbru Hildeburh h\u00earian \u00feorfte Eotena tre\u00f3we,\n_had no need to praise the fidelity of the Eotens_, 1072; pres. subj. \u00fe\u00e4t\nmon his wine-dryhten wordum h\u00earge, 3177.\n\nge-hea\u00f0erian, w. v., _to force, to press in_: pret. part. ge-hea\u00f0erod,\n3073.\n\nhea\u00f0o-byrne, w. f., _battle-mail, shirt of mail_: nom. sg., 1553.\n\nhea\u00f0o-de\u00f3r, adj., _bold in battle, brave_: nom. sg., 689; dat. pl.\nhea\u00f0o-de\u00f3rum, 773.\n\nhea\u00f0o-fyr, st. n., _battle-fire, hostile fire_: gen. sg. hea\u00f0u-f\u00fdres, 2523;\ninstr. pl. hea\u00f0o-f\u00fdrum, 2548, of the drake's fire-spewing.\n\nhea\u00f0o-grim, adj., _grim in battle_, 548.\n\nhea\u00f0o-helm, st. m., _battle-helmet, war-helmet_: nom. sg., 3157(?).\n\nhea\u00f0o-l\u00e2c, st. n., _battle-play, battle_: dat. sg. \u00e4t hea\u00f0o-l\u00e2ce, 584; gen.\nsg. hea\u00f0o-l\u00e2ces h\u00e2l, 1975.\n\nhea\u00f0o-m\u00e6re, adj., _renowned in battle_: acc. pl. -m\u00e6re, 2803.\n\nhea\u00f0o-r\u00e6s, st. m., _storm of battle, attack in battle, entrance by force_:\nnom. sg., 557; acc. pl. -r\u00e6sas, 1048; gen. pl. -r\u00e6sa, 526.\n\nhea\u00f0o-re\u00e1f, st. n., _battle-dress, equipment for battle_: acc. sg.\nhea\u00f0o-re\u00e1f he\u00f3ldon (_kept the equipments_), 401.\n\nhea\u00f0o-rinc, st. m., _battle-hero, warrior_: acc. sg. \u00feone hea\u00f0o-rinc\n(Hr\u00ea\u00f0el's son, H\u00e6\u00f0cyn), 2467; dat. pl. \u00fe\u00e6m hea\u00f0o-rincum, 370.\n\nhea\u00f0o-r\u00f4f, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg., 381; nom. pl. hea\u00f0o-r\u00f4fe,\n865.\n\nhea\u00f0o-scearp, adj., _sharp in battle, bold_: n. m. pl. (-scearde, MS.),\n2830.\n\nhea\u00f0o-se\u00f3c, adj., _battle-sick_: dat. sg. -si\u00f3cum, 2755.\n\nhea\u00f0o-ste\u00e1p, adj., _high in battle, excelling in battle_: nom. sg. in weak\nform, hea\u00f0o-ste\u00e1pa, 1246; acc. sg. hea\u00f0o-ste\u00e1pne, 2154, both times of the\nhelmet.\n\nhea\u00f0o-sw\u00e2t, st. m., _blood of battle_: dat. sg. hea\u00f0o-sw\u00e2te, 1607; as\ninstr., 1461; gen. pl. h\u00e2tost hea\u00f0o-sw\u00e2ta, 1669.\n\nhea\u00f0o-sweng, st. m., _battle-stroke_ (blow of the sword): dat. sg. \u00e4fter\nhea\u00f0u-swenge, 2582.\n\nhea\u00f0o-torht, adj., _loud, clear in battle_: nom. sg. stefn ... hea\u00f0o-torht,\n_the voice clear in battle_, 2554.\n\nhea\u00f0o-w\u00e6d, st. f., _battle-dress, coat of mail, armor_: instr. pl.\nhea\u00f0o-w\u00e6dum, 39.\n\nhea\u00f0o-weorc, st. n., _battle-work, battle_: acc. sg., 2893.\n\nhea\u00f0o-wylm, st. m., _hostile (flame-) wave_: acc. pl. h\u00e2te hea\u00f0o-wylmas,\n2820; gen. pl. hea\u00f0o-wylma, 82.\n\nheaf, st. n., _sea_: acc. pl. ofer heafo, 2478. See Note.\n\nheafola. See hafela.\n\nheal, st. f., _hall, main apartment, large building_ (consisting of an\nassembly-hall and a banqueting-hall): nom. sg. heal, 1152, 1215; heall,\n487; acc. sg. healle, 1088; dat. sg. healle, 89, 615, 643, 664, 926, 1010,\n1927, etc.; gen. sg. [healle], 389.--Comp.: gif-, meodo-heal.\n\nheal-\u00e4rn, st. n., _hall-building, hall-house_: gen. sg. heal-\u00e4rna, 78.\n\nheal-gamen, st. n., _social enjoyment in the hall, hall-joy_: nom. sg.,\n1067.\n\nheal-reced, st. n., _hall-building_: acc. sg., 68.\n\nheal-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_ (at the banquet): dat. pl.\nheal-sittendum, 2869; gen. pl. heal-sittendra, 2016.\n\nheal-\u00feegn, st. m., _hall-thane_, i.e. a warrior who holds the hall: gen.\nsg. heal-\u00feegnes, of Grendel, 142; acc. pl. heal-\u00feegnas, of Be\u00f3wulfs band,\n720.\n\nheal-wudu, _hall-wood_, i.e. hall built of wood: nom. sg., 1318.\n\nhealdan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to hold, to hold fast; to support_: pret. pl.\nh\u00fb \u00fe\u00e2 st\u00e2nbogan ... \u00eace eor\u00f0reced innan he\u00f3ldon (MS. healde), _how the\narches of rock within held the everlasting earth-house_, 2720. Pret. sg.,\nwith a person as object: he\u00f3ld hine to f\u00e4ste, _held him too fast_, 789; w.\nthe dat. he him fre\u00f3ndl\u00e2rum he\u00f3ld, _supported him with friendly advice_,\n2378.--2) _to hold, to watch, to preserve, to keep_; reflexive, _to\nmaintain one's self, to keep one's self_: pres. sg. II. eal \u00feu hit ge\u00feyldum\nhealdest, m\u00e4gen mid m\u00f4des snyttrum, _all that preservest thou continuously,\nstrength and wisdom of mind_, 1706; III. healde\u00f0 hige-m\u00ea\u00f0um he\u00e1fod-wearde,\n_holds for the dead the head-watch_, 2910; imp. sg. II. heald for\u00f0 tela\nniwe sibbe, _keep well, from now on, the new relationship_, 949; heald\n(heold, MS.) \u00feu nu hruse ... eorla \u00e6hte, _preserve thou now, Earth, the\nnoble men's possessions_, 2248; inf. se \u00fee holmclifu healdan scolde, _watch\nthe sea-cliffs_, 230; so, 705; nacan ... \u00e2rum healdan, _to keep well your\nvessel_, 296; wearde healdan, 319; forl\u00eaton eorla gestre\u00f3n eor\u00f0an healdan,\n3168; pres. part. dre\u00e1m healdende, _holding rejoicing_ (i.e. thou who art\nrejoicing), 1228; pret. sg. he\u00f3ld hine sy\u00f0\u00f0an fyr and f\u00e4stor, _kept himself\nafterwards afar and more secure_, 142; \u00e6gwearde he\u00f3ld, _I have (hitherto)\nkept watch on the sea_, 241; so, 305; hi\u00f3ld he\u00e1h-lufan wi\u00f0 h\u00e4le\u00f0a brego,\n_preserved high love_, 1955; ginf\u00e4stan gife ... he\u00f3ld, 2184; gold-m\u00e2\u00f0mas\nhe\u00f3ld, _took care of the treasures of gold_, 2415; he\u00f3ld m\u00een tela,\n_protected well mine own_, 2738; \u00feonne ... sceft ... nytte he\u00f3ld, _had\nemployment, was employed_, 3119; he\u00f3ld mec, _protected_, i.e. brought me\nup, 2431; pret. pl. hea\u00f0o-re\u00e1f he\u00f3ldon, _watched over the armor_, 401; sg.\nfor pl. he\u00e1fodbeorge ... walan \u00fbtan he\u00f3ld, _outwards, bosses kept guard\nover the head_, 1032.--Related to the preceding meaning are the two\nfollowing: 3) _to rule and protect the fatherland_: inf. gif \u00feu healdan\nwylt maga rice, 1853; pret. he\u00f3ld, 57, 2738.--4) _to hold, to have, to\npossess, to inhabit_: inf. l\u00eat \u00feone brego-st\u00f4l Be\u00f3wulf healdan, 2390;\ngerund. t\u00f4 healdanne hle\u00f3burh wera, 1732; pret. sg. he\u00f3ld, 103, 161, 466,\n1749, 2752; lyftwynne he\u00f3ld nihtes hw\u00eelum, _at night-time had the enjoyment\nof the air_, 3044; pret. pl. Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de hre\u00e2wic he\u00f3ldon, _the Ge\u00e1tas held\nthe place of corpses_ (lay dead upon it), 1215; pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r he\u00f3 \u00e6r m\u00e6ste\nhe\u00f3ld worolde wynne, _in which she formerly possessed the highest earthly\njoy_, 1080.--5) _to win, to receive_: pret. pl. I. heoldon he\u00e1h gesceap,\n_we received a heavy fate, heavy fate befell us_, 3085.\n\nbe-healdan, w. acc.: 1) _to take care of, to attend to_: pret. sg. \u00feegn\nnytte behe\u00f3ld, _a thane discharged the office_, 494; so, 668.--2) _to\nhold_: pret. sg. se \u00fee fl\u00f4da begong ... behe\u00f3ld, 1499.--3) _to look at, to\nbehold_: \u00fery\u00f0swy\u00f0 behe\u00f3ld m\u00e6g Higel\u00e2ces h\u00fb ..., _great woe saw H.'s\nkinsman, how ..._, 737.\n\nfor-healdan, w. acc., _(to hold badly), to fall away from, to rebel_: pret.\npart. h\u00e4fdon hy forhealden helm Scylfinga, _had rebelled against the\ndefender of the Scylfings_, 2382.\n\nge-healdan: 1) _to hold, to receive, to hold fast_: pres. sg. III. se \u00fee\nwaldendes hyldo gehealde\u00f0, _who receives the Lord's grace_, 2294; pres.\nsubj. f\u00e4der alwalda ... e\u00f3wic gehealde s\u00ee\u00f0a gesunde, _keep you sound on\nyour journey_, 317; inf. ne meahte he ... on \u00feam frum-g\u00e2re feorh gehealdan,\n_could not hold back the life in his lord_, 2857.--2) _to take care, to\npreserve, to watch over; to stop_: imp. sg. hafa nu and geheald h\u00fbsa\ns\u00ealest, 659; inf. gehealdan h\u00eat hilde-geatwe, 675; pret. sg. he fr\u00e4twe\ngehe\u00f3ld fela missera, 2621; \u00feone \u00fee \u00e6r gehe\u00f3ld wi\u00f0 hettendum hord and r\u00eece,\n_him who before preserved treasure and realm_, 3004.--3) _to rule_: inf.\nfolc gehealdan, 912; pret. sg. gehe\u00f3ld tela (br\u00e2de r\u00eece), 2209.\n\nhealf, st. f., _half, side, part_: acc. sg. on \u00fe\u00e2 healfe, _towards this\nside_, 1676; dat. sg. h\u00e4le\u00f0um be healfe, _at the heroes' side_, 2263; acc.\npl. on tw\u00e2 healfa, _upon two sides, mutually_, 1096; on b\u00e2 healfa (healfe),\n_on both sides_ (to Grendel and his mother), 1306; _on two sides, on both\nsides_, 2064; gen. pl. on healfa gehwone, _in half, through the middle_,\n801.\n\nhealf, adj., _half_: gen. sg. healfre, 1088.\n\nheals, st. m., _neck_: acc. sg. heals, 2692; dat. sg. wi\u00f0 halse, 1567; be\nhealse, 1873.--Comp.: the adjectives f\u00e2mig-, wunden-heals.\n\nheals-be\u00e1h, st. m., _neck-ring, collar_: acc. sg. \u00feone heals-be\u00e1h, 2173;\ngen. pl. heals-be\u00e1ga, 1196.\n\nheals-gebedde, w. f., _beloved bedfellow, wife_: nom. sg. healsgebedde (MS.\nhealsgebedda), 63.\n\nhealsian, w. v. w. acc., _to entreat earnestly, to implore_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2\nse \u00fee\u00f3den mec ... healsode hre\u00f3h-m\u00f4d \u00fe\u00e4t..., _entreated me sorrowful,\nthat_..., 2133.\n\nheard, adj.: 1) of persons, _able, efficient in war, strong, brave_: nom.\nsg. heard, 342, 376, 404, 1575, 2540, etc.; in weak form, se hearda, 401,\n1964; se hearda \u00feegn, 2978; \u00fees hearda he\u00e1p, 432; nom. pl. hearde\nhilde-frecan, 2206; gen. pl. heardra, 989. Comparative: acc. sg. heardran\nh\u00e4le, 720. With accompanying gen.: w\u00eeges heard, _strong in battle_, 887;\ndat. sg. n\u00ee\u00f0a heardum, 2171.--2) of the implements of war, _good, firm,\nsharp, hard_: nom. sg. (g\u00fb\u00f0-byrne, l\u00eec-syrce) heard, 322, 551. In weak\nform: masc. here-str\u00e6l hearda, 1436; se hearda helm, 2256; neutr. here-net\nhearde, 1554; acc. sg. (swurd, w\u00e6pen), heard, 540, 2688, 2988; nom. pl.\nhearde ... homera l\u00e2fe, 2830; heard and hring-m\u00e6l Hea\u00f0obeardna gestre\u00f3n,\n2038; acc. pl. heard sweord, 2639. Of other things, _hard, rough, harsh,\nhard to bear_: acc. sg. hre\u00f0er-bealo hearde, 1344; nom. sg. wr\u00f4ht ...\nheard, 2915; here-n\u00ee\u00f0 hearda, 2475; acc. sg. heoro-sweng heardne, 1591;\ninstr. sg. heardan ce\u00e1pe, 2483; instr. pl. heardan, heardum clammum, 964,\n1336; gen. pl. heardra h\u00fdn\u00f0a, 166. Compar.: acc. sg. heardran feohtan,\n576.--Comp.: f\u00fdr-, \u00eeren-, n\u00ee\u00f0-, regn-, sc\u00fbr-heard.\n\nhearde, adv., _hard, very_, 1439.\n\nheard-ecg, adj., _sharp-edged, hard, good in battle_: nom. sg., 1289.\n\nheard-fyrde, adj., _hard to take away, heavy_: acc. sg. hard-fyrdne,\n2246.--Leo.\n\nheard-hycgend, pres. part. _of a warlike disposition, brave_: nom. pl.\n-hicgende, 394, 800.\n\nhearg-tr\u00e4f, st. n., _tent of the gods, temple_: dat. pl. \u00e4t h\u00e4rg-trafum\n(MS. hr\u00e6rg trafum), 175.\n\nhearm, st. m., _harm, injury, insult_: dat. sg. mid hearme, 1893.\n\nhearm-scea\u00f0a, w. m., _enemy causing injury_ or _grief_: nom. sg.\nhearm-sca\u00f0a, 767.\n\nhearpe, w. f., _harp_: gen. sg. hearpan sw\u00eag, 89, 3024; hearpan wynne\n(wyn), 2108, 2263.\n\nhe\u00e1\u00f0u, st. f., _sea, waves_: acc. sg. he\u00e1\u00f0u, 1863?\n\nhe\u00e1\u00f0u-l\u00ee\u00f0end, pres. part., _sea-farer, sailor_: nom. pl. -l\u00ee\u00f0ende, 1799;\ndat. pl. -l\u00ee\u00f0endum (designation of the Ge\u00e1tas), 2956.\n\nhe\u00e1fod, st. n., _head_: acc. sg., 48, 1640; dat. sg. he\u00e1fde, 1591, 2291,\n2974; dat. pl. he\u00e1fdum, 1243.\n\nhe\u00e1fod-beorh, st. f., _head-defence, protection for the head_: acc. sg.\nhe\u00e1fod-beorge, 1031.\n\nhe\u00e1fod-m\u00e6g, st. m., _head-kinsman, near blood-relative_: dat. pl.\nhe\u00e1fod-m\u00e6gum (_brothers_), 589; gen. pl. he\u00e1fod-m\u00e2ga, 2152.\n\nhe\u00e1fod-segn, st. n., _head-sign, banner_: acc. sg., 2153.\n\nhe\u00e1fod-weard, st. f., _head-watch_ acc. sg. healde\u00f0 ... he\u00e1fod-wearde\nle\u00f3fes and l\u00e2\u00f0es, _for the friend and the foe_ (Be\u00f3wulf and the drake, who\nlie dead near each other), 2910.\n\nhe\u00e1h, he\u00e1, adj., _high, noble_ (in composition, also primus): nom. sg. he\u00e1h\nHealfdene, 57; he\u00e1 (Higel\u00e2c), 1927; he\u00e1h (sele), 82; he\u00e1h hl\u00e6w, 2806, 3159;\nacc. sg. he\u00e1h (segn), 48, 2769; he\u00e1hne (MS. he\u00e1nne) hr\u00f4f, 984; dat. sg. in\n(t\u00f4) sele \u00feam he\u00e1n, 714, 920; gen. sg. he\u00e1n h\u00fbses, 116.--_high, heavy_:\nacc. he\u00e1h gesceap (_an unusual, heavy fate_), 3085.\n\nhe\u00e1-burh, st. f., _high city, first city of a country_: acc. sg., 1128.\n\nhe\u00e1h-cyning, st. m., _high king, mightiest of the kings_: gen. sg.\n-cyninges (of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 1040.\n\nhe\u00e1h-gestre\u00f3n, st. n., _splendid treasure_: gen. pl. -gestre\u00f3na, 2303.\n\nhe\u00e1h-lufe, w. f., _high love_: acc. sg. he\u00e1h-lufan, 1955.\n\nhe\u00e1h-sele, st. m., _high hall, first hall in the land, hall of the ruler_:\ndat. sg. he\u00e1h-sele, 648.\n\nhe\u00e1h-setl, st. n., _high seat, throne_: acc. sg., 1088.\n\nhe\u00e1h-stede, st. m., _high place, ruler's place_: dat. sg. on he\u00e1h-stede,\n285.\n\nhe\u00e1n, adj., _depressed, low, despised, miserable_: nom. sg., 1275, 2100,\n2184, 2409.\n\nhe\u00e1p, st. m., _heap, crowd, troop_: nom. sg. \u00feegna he\u00e1p, 400; \u00fees hearda\nhe\u00e1p, _this brave band_, 432; acc. sg. here-sceafta he\u00e1p, _the crowd of\nspears_, 335; mago-rinca he\u00e1p, 731; dat. sg. on he\u00e1pe, _in a compact body_,\nas many as there were of them, 2597.--Comp. w\u00eeg-he\u00e1p.\n\nhe\u00e1wan, st. v., _to hew, to cleave_: inf., 801.\n\nge-he\u00e1wan, _cleave_: pres. subj. ge-he\u00e1we, 683.\n\nheo\u00f0u, st. f., _the interior of a building_: dat. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t he on heo\u00f0e\ngest\u00f4d, _in the interior_ (of the hall, Heorot), 404.\n\nheofon, st. m., _heaven_: nom. sg., 3157; dat. sg. hefene, 1572; gen. sg.\nheofenes, 414, 576, 1802, etc.; gen. pl. heofena, 182; dat. pl. under\nheofenum, 52, 505.\n\nheolfor, st. n., _gore, fresh_ or _crude blood_: dat. instr. sg. h\u00e2tan\nheolfre, 850, 1424; heolfre, 2139; under heolfre, 1303.\n\nheolster, st. n., _haunt, hiding-place_: acc. sg. on heolster, 756.\n\nheonan, adv., _hence, from here_: heonan, 252; heonon, 1362.\n\nheor, st. m., _door-hinge_: nom. pl. heorras, 1000.\n\nheorde, adj. See wunden-heorde.\n\nheor\u00f0-gene\u00e1t, st. m., _hearth-companion_, i.e. a vassal of the king, in\nwhose castle he receives his livelihood: nom. pl. heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tas, 261,\n3181; acc. pl. heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tas, 1581, 2181; dat. pl. heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1tum, 2419.\n\nheorot, st. m., _stag_: nom. sg., 1370.\n\nheorte, w. f., _heart_: nom. sg., 2562; dat. sg. \u00e4t heortan, 2271; gen. sg.\nheortan, 2464, 2508.--Comp.: the adjectives bl\u00ee\u00f0-, grom-, r\u00fbm-,\nstearc-heort.\n\nheoru, st. m., _sword_: nom. sg. heoru bunden (cf. under b\u00eendan), 1286. In\nsome of the following compounds heoro- seems to be confounded with here-\n(see here).\n\nheoro-bl\u00e2c, adj., _pale through the sword, fatally wounded_: nom. sg.\n[heoro-]bl\u00e2c, 2489.\n\nheoru-dre\u00f3r, st. m., _sword-blood_: instr. sg. heoru-dre\u00f3re, 487;\nheoro-dre\u00f3re, 850.\n\nheoro-dre\u00f3rig, adj., _bloody through the sword_: nom. sg., 936; acc. sg.\nheoro-dre\u00f3rigne, 1781, 2721.\n\nheoro-drync, st. m., _sword-drink_, i.e. blood shed by the sword: instr.\npl. hioro-dryncum swealt, _died through sword-drink_, i.e. struck by the\nsword, 2359.\n\nheoro-g\u00eefre, adj., _eager for hostile inroads_: nom. sg., 1499.\n\nheoro-grim, adj., _sword-grim, fierce in battle_: nom. sg. m., 1565; fem.\n-grimme, 1848.\n\nheoro-h\u00f4cihte, adj., _provided with barbs, sharp like swords _: instr. pl.\nmid eofer-spre\u00f3tum heoro-h\u00f4cyhtum, 1439.\n\nheoro-serce, w. f., _shirt of mail_: acc. sg. hioro-sercean, 2540.\n\nheoro-sweng, st. m., _sword-stroke_: acc. sg. 1591.\n\nheoro-weallende, pres. part., _rolling around fighting_, of the drake,\n2782. See weallian.\n\nheoro-wearh, st. m. _he who is sword-cursed, who is destined to die by the\nsword_: nom. sg., 1268.\n\nhe\u00f3fan, w. v., _to lament, to moan_: part. nom. pl. hi\u00f3fende, 3143.\n\n\u00e2-he\u00f3ran, _to free_ (?): w. acc. pret. sg. br\u00fdd \u00e2he\u00f3rde, 2931.\n\nhe\u00f3re, adj., _pleasant, not haunted, secure_: nom. sg. fem, nis \u00fe\u00e4t he\u00f3ru\nst\u00f4w, _that is no secure place_, 1373.--Comp. un-he\u00f3re (-h\u00fdre).\n\nhider, adv., _hither_, 240, 370, 394, 3093, etc.\n\nofer-higian, w. v. (according to the connection, probably), _to exceed_,\n2767. (O.H.G. ubar-hugjan, _to be arrogant_.)\n\nhild, st. f., _battle, combat_: nom. sg., 452, 902, 1482, 2077; hild\nheoru-grimme, 1848; acc. sg. hilde, 648; instr. sg. hilde, _through\ncombat_, 2917; dat. sg. \u00e4t hilde, 1461.\n\nhilde-bil, st. n., _battle-sword_: nom. sg., 1667; instr. dat. sg.\nhilde-bille, 557, 1521.\n\nhilde-bord, st. n., _battle-shield_: acc. pl. hilde-bord, 397; instr. pl.\n-bordum, 3140.\n\nhilde-cyst, st. f., _excellence in battle, bravery in battle_: instr. pl.\n-cystum, 2599.\n\nhilde-de\u00f3r, adj., _bold in battle, brave in battle_: nom. sg., 312, 835,\n1647, 1817; hilde-di\u00f3r, 3112; nom. pl. hilde-de\u00f3re, 3171.\n\nhilde-freca, w. m., _hero in battle_: nom. pl. hilde-frecan, 2206; dat. sg.\nhild-frecan, 2367.\n\nhilde-geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment for battle, adornment for combat_:\nacc. hilde-geatwe, 675; gen. -geatwa, 2363.\n\nhilde-gicel, st. m., _battle-icicle_, i.e. the blood which hangs upon the\nsword-blades like icicles: instr. pl. hilde-gicelum, 1607.\n\nhilde-gr\u00e2p, st. f., _battle-gripe_: nom. sg., 1447, 2508.\n\nhilde-hlemma, w. m., _one raging in battle, warrior, fighter_: nom. sg.,\n2352, 2545; dat. pl. eft \u00fe\u00e4t ge-eode ... hilde-hl\u00e4mmum, _it happened to the\nwarriors_ (the Ge\u00e1tas), 2202.\n\nhilde-le\u00f3ma, w. m., _battle-light, gleam of battle_, hence: 1) the\nfire-spewing of the drake in the fight: nom. pl. -le\u00f3man, 2584.--2) _the\ngleaming sword_: acc. sg. -le\u00f3man, 1144.\n\nhilde-mecg, st. m., _man of battle, warrior_: nom. pl. hilde-mecgas, 800.\n\nhilde-m\u00eace, st. m., _battle-sword_: nom. pl. -m\u00eaceas, 2203.\n\nhilde-rand, st. m., _battle-shield_: acc. pl. -randas, 1243.\n\nhllde-r\u00e6s, st. m., _storm of battle_: acc. sg., 300.\n\nhilde-rinc, st. m., _man of battle, warrior, hero_: nom. sg., 1308, 3125,\n3137; dat. sg. hilde-rince, 1496; gen. sg. hilde-rinces, 987.\n\nhilde-s\u00e4d, adj., _satiated with battle, not wishing to fight any more_:\nacc. sg. hilde-s\u00e4dne, 2724.\n\nhilde-sceorp, st. n., _battle-dress, armor, coat of mail_: acc. sg., 2156.\n\nhilde-setl, st. n., _battle-seat_ (saddle): nom. sg., 1040.\n\nhilde-strengo, st. f., _battle-strength, bravery in battle_: acc., 2114.\n\nhilde-sw\u00e2t, st. m., _battle-sweat_: nom. sg. h\u00e2t hilde-sw\u00e2t (the hot, damp\nbreath of the drake as he rushes on), 2559.\n\nhilde-tux, st. m., _battle-tooth_: instr. pl. hilde-tuxum, 1512.\n\nhilde-w\u00e6pen, st. m., _battle-weapon_: instr. pl. -w\u00e6pnum, 39.\n\nhilde-w\u00eesa, w. m., _leader in battle, general_: dat. sg. fore Healfdenes\nhildew\u00eesan, _Healfdene's general_ (Hn\u00e4f), 1065.\n\nhild-freca. See hilde-freca\n\nhild-fruma, st. m., _battle-chief_: dat. sg. -fruma, 1679, 2650; gen. sg.\n\u00fe\u00e4s hild-fruman, 2836.\n\nhlld-lata, w. m., _he who is late in battle, coward_: nom. pl. \u00fe\u00e2\nhild-latan, 2847.\n\nhilt, st. n., _sword-hilt_: nom. gylden hilt, 1678; acc. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t hilt,\n1669; hylt, 1668. Also used in the plural; acc. \u00fe\u00e2 hilt, 1615; dat. pl, be\nhiltum, 1575.--Comp.: fetel-, wreo\u00f0en-hilt.\n\nhilte-cumbor, st. n., _banner with a staff_: acc. sg., 1023.\n\nhilted, pret. part., _provided with a hilt_ or _handle_: acc. sg. heard\nswyrd hiked, _sword with a_ (rich) _hilt_, 2988.\n\nhin-f\u00fbs, adj., _ready to die_: nom. sg. hyge w\u00e4s him hinf\u00fbs (i.e. he felt\nthat he should not survive), 756.\n\nhindema, adj. superl., _hindmost, last_: instr. sg. hindeman s\u00ee\u00f0e, _the\nlast time, for the last time_, 2050, 2518.\n\nhirde, hyrde, st. m., (_herd_) _keeper, guardian, possessor_: nom. sg.\nfolces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2982; r\u00eeces hyrde, 2028; fyrena hyrde, _the\nguardian of mischief, wicked one_, 751, 2220; wuldres hyrde, _the king of\nglory, God_, 932; hringa hyrde, _the keeper of the rings_, 2246; cumbles\nhyrde, _the possessor of the banner, the bearer of the banner_, 2506;\nfolces hyrde, 1850; fr\u00e4twa hyrde, 3134; r\u00eeces hyrde, 3081; acc. pl. h\u00fbses\nhyrdas, 1667.--Comp.: grund-hyrde.\n\nhit (O.N. hita), st. f. (?), _heat_: nom. sg. \u00feenden hyt s\u00fd, 2650.\n\nhladan, st. v.: 1) _to load, to lay_: inf. on b\u00e6l hladan le\u00f3fne mannan,\n_lay the dear man on the funeral-pile_, 2127; him on bearm hladan bunan and\ndiscas, _laid cups and plates upon his bosom, loaded himself with them_,\n2776; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s wunden gold on w\u00e6n hladen, _laid upon the wain_,\n3135.--2) _to load, to burden_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s ... s\u00e6ge\u00e1p naca hladen\nherew\u00e6dum, _loaded with armor_, 1898.--Comp. gilp-hl\u00e4den.\n\nge-hladan, w. acc., _to load, to burden_: pret. sg. s\u00e6b\u00e2t gehl\u00f4d (MS\ngehleod), 896.\n\nhl\u00e2ford, st. m., _lord, ruler_: nom. sg., 2376; acc. sg., 267; dat. sg.\nhl\u00e2forde, 2635; gen. sg. hl\u00e2fordes, 3181.--Comp. eald-hl\u00e2ford.\n\nhl\u00e2ford-le\u00e1s; adj., _without a lord_: nom. pl. hl\u00e2ford-le\u00e1se, 2936.\n\nhl\u00e2w, hl\u00e6w, st. m., _grave-hill_: acc. sg. hl\u00e6w, 2803, 3159, 3171; dat. sg.\nfor hl\u00e2we, 1121. Also, _grave-chamber_ (the interior of the grave-hill),\n_cave_: acc. sg. hl\u00e2w [under] hrusan, 2277; hl\u00e6w under hrusan, 2412; dat.\nsg. on hl\u00e6we, 2774. The drake dwells in the rocky cavern which the former\nowner of his treasure had chosen as his burial-place, 2242-2271.\n\nhl\u00e4st, st. n., _burden, load_: dat. sg. hl\u00e4ste, 52.\n\nhlem, st. m., _noise, din of battle, noisy attack_: in the compounds, uht-,\nw\u00e4l-hlem.\n\nhlemma, w. m., _one raging, one who calls_; see hilde-hlemma.\n\n\u00e2-hlehhan, st. v., _to laugh aloud, to shout, to exult_: pret. sg. his m\u00f4d\n\u00e2hl\u00f4g, _his mood exulted_, 731.\n\nhleahtor, st. m., _laughter_: nom. sg., 612; acc. sg., 3021.\n\nhle\u00e1pan, st. v., _to run, to trot, to spring_: inf. hle\u00e1pan l\u00eaton ...\nfealwe mearas, 865.\n\n\u00e2-hleapan, _to spring up_: pret. \u00e2hle\u00f3p, 1398.\n\nhleo\u00f0u. See hli\u00f0.\n\nhleonian, w. v., _to incline, to hang over_: inf. o\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t he ...\nfyrgen-be\u00e1mas ofer h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n hleonian funde, _till he found mountain-trees\nhanging over the gray rocks_, 1416.\n\nhle\u00f3, st. m., _shady, protected place; defence, shelter_; figurative\ndesignation of the king, or of powerful nobles: w\u00eegendra hle\u00f3, of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r,\n429; of Sigemund, 900; of Be\u00f3wulf, 1973, 2338; eorla hle\u00f3, of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r,\n1036, 1867; of Be\u00f3wulf, 792; of Hygel\u00e2c, 2191.\n\nhle\u00f3-burh, st. f., _ruler's castle_ or _city_: acc. sg., 913, 1732.\n\nhle\u00f3\u00f0or-cwyde, st. m., _speech of solemn sound, ceremonious words_, 1980.\n\nhle\u00f3r, st. n., _cheek, jaw_: in comp. f\u00e4ted-hle\u00f3r (adj.).\n\nhle\u00f3r-bera, w. m., _cheek-bearer_, the part of the helmet that reaches down\nover the cheek and protects it: acc. pl. ofer hle\u00f3r-beran (_visor_?), 304.\n\nhle\u00f3r-bolster, st. m., _cheek-bolster, pillow_: nom. sg., 689.\n\nhle\u00f3tan, st. v. w. acc., _to obtain by lot, to attain, to get_: pret. sg.\nfeorh-wunde hle\u00e1t, 2386.\n\nhlifian, w. v., _to rise, to be prominent_: inf. hlifian, 2806; pret.\nhlifade, 81, 1800, 1899.\n\nhli\u00f0, st. n., _cliff, precipice of a mountain_: dat. sg. on hli\u00f0e, 3159;\ngen. sg. hli\u00f0es, 1893; pl. hli\u00f0o in composition, st\u00e2n-hli\u00f0o; hleo\u00f0u in the\ncompounds fen-, mist-, n\u00e4s-, wulf-hleo\u00f0u.\n\nhlin-bed (Frisian hlen-bed, Richthofen 206^28, for which another text has\ncronk-bed), st. n., [Greek: klinidion], _bed for reclining, sick-bed_: acc.\nsg. hlim-bed, 3035.\n\nt\u00f4-hl\u00eedan, st. v., _to spring apart, to burst_: pret. part. nom. pl.\nt\u00f4-hlidene, 1000.\n\nhl\u00fbd, adj., _loud_: acc. sg. dre\u00e1m ... hl\u00fbdne, 89.\n\nhlyn, st. m., _din, noise, clatter_: nom. sg., 612.\n\nhlynnan, hlynian, w. v., _to sound, to resound_: inf. hlynnan (of the\nvoice), 2554; of fire, _to crackle_: pret. sg. hlynode, 1121.\n\nhlynsian, w. v., _to resound, to crash_: pret. sg. reced hlynsode, 771.\n\nhlytm, st. m., _lot_: dat. sg. n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 on hlytme, hw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t hord strude, _it\ndid not depend upon lot who should plunder the hoard_, i.e. its possession\nwas decided, 3127.\n\nhn\u00e2h, adj.: 1) _low, inferior_: comp. acc. sg. hn\u00e2gran, 678; dat. sg.\nhn\u00e2hran rince, _an inferior hero, one less brave_, 953.--2) _familiarly\nintimate_: nom. sg. n\u00e4s hi\u00f3 hn\u00e2h sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h, _was nevertheless not familiarly\nintimate_ (with the Ge\u00e1tas, i.e. preserved her royal dignity towards them),\n(_niggardly_?), 1930.\n\nhn\u00e6gan, w. v. w. acc., (for n\u00e6gan), _to speak to, to greet_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t\nhe \u00feone w\u00eesan wordum hn\u00e6gde fre\u00e1n Ingwina, 1319.\n\nge-hn\u00e6gan, w. acc., _to bend, to humiliate, to strike down, to fell_: pret.\nsg. ge-hn\u00e6gde helle g\u00e2st, 1275; \u00fe\u00e6r hyne Hetware hilde gehn\u00e6gdon, 2917.\n\nhnitan, st. v., _to dash against, to encounter_, here of the collision of\nhostile bands: pret. pl. \u00feonne hniton (hnitan) f\u00ea\u00f0an, 1328, 2545.\n\nho\u00f0ma, w. m., _place of concealment, cave_, hence, _the grave_: dat. sg. in\nho\u00f0man, 2459.\n\nhof, st. n., _enclosed space, court-yard, estate, manor-house_: acc. sg.\nhof (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's residence), 312; dat. sg. t\u00f4 hofe s\u00eenum (Grendel's home in\nthe sea), 1508; t\u00f4 hofe (Hygel\u00e2c's residence), 1975; acc. pl. beorht hofu,\n2314; dat. pl. t\u00f4 hofum Ge\u00e1ta, 1837.\n\nhogode. See hycgan.\n\nhold, adj., _inclined to, attached to, gracious, dear, true_: nom. sg. w.\ndat. of the person, hold weorod fre\u00e1n Scyldinga, _a band well disposed to\nthe lord of the Scyldings_, 290; mandrihtne hold, 1230; Hygel\u00e2ce w\u00e4s ...\nnefa sw\u00fd\u00f0e hold, _to H. was his nephew_ (Be\u00f3wulf) _very much attached_,\n2171; acc. sg. \u00feurh holdne hige, _from a kindly feeling, with honorable\nmind_, 267; holdne wine, 376; holdne, 1980; gen. pl. holdra, 487.\n\nhold. See healdan.\n\nholm, st. m., _deep sea_: nom. sg., 519, 1132, 2139; acc. sg., 48, 633;\ndat. sg. holme, 543, 1436, 1915; acc. pl. holmas, 240.--Comp. w\u00e6g-holm.\n\nholm-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: dat. sg. on \u00feam holm-clife, 1422; from \u00fe\u00e4m\nholmclife, 1636; acc. pl. holm-clifu, 230.\n\nholm-wylm, st. m., _the waves of the sea_: dat. sg. holm-wylme, 2412.\n\nholt, st. n., _wood, thicket, forest._ acc. sg. on holt, 2599; holt,\n2847.--Comp.: \u00e4sc-, fyrgen-, g\u00e2r-, Hrefnes-holt.\n\nholt-wudu, st. m., _forest-wood_: 1) of the material: nom. sg., 2341.--2) =\n_forest_: acc. sg., 1370.\n\nhord, st. m. and n., _hoard, treasure_: nom. sg., 2284, 3085; be\u00e1ga hord,\n2285; m\u00e2\u00f0ma hord, 3012; acc. sg. hord, 913, 2213, 2320, 2510, 2745, 2774,\n2956, 3057; s\u00e2wle hord, 2423; \u00fe\u00e4t hord, 3127; dat. sg. of horde, 1109; for\nhorde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the hoard_, 2782; h\u00e6\u00f0num horde,\n2217; gen. sg. hordes, 888.--Comp.: be\u00e1h-, bre\u00f3st-, word-, wyrm-hord.\n\nhord-\u00e4rn, st. n., _place in which a treasure is kept, treasure-room_: dat.\nhord-\u00e4rne, 2832; gen. pl. hord-\u00e4rna, 2280.\n\nhord-burh, st. f., _city in which is the treasure_ (of the king's),\n_ruler's castle_: acc. sg., 467.\n\nhord-gestre\u00f3n, st. n., _hoard-treasure, precious treasure_: dat. pl.\nhord-gestre\u00f3num, 1900; gen. pl. m\u00e4gen-byr\u00f0enne hord-gestre\u00f3na, _the great\nburden of rich treasures_, 3093.\n\nhord-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um, st. m., _treasure-jewel, precious jewel_: acc. sg. (-madmum,\nMS.), 1199.\n\nhord-wela, w. m., _treasure-riches, abundance of treasures_: acc. sg.\nhord-welan, 2345.\n\nhord-weard, st. m., _warder of the treasure, hoard-warden_: 1) of the king:\nnom. sg., 1048; acc. sg., 1853.--2) of the drake: nom. sg., 2294, 2303,\n2555, 2594.\n\nhord-weor\u00f0ung, st. f., _ornament out of the treasure, rich ornament_: acc.\nsg.--weor\u00f0unge, 953.\n\nhord-wyn, st. f., _treasure-joy, joy-giving treasure_: acc. sg. hord-wynne,\n2271.\n\nhorn, st. m., _horn_: 1) upon an animal: instr. pl. heorot hornum trum,\n1370.--2) wind-instrument: nom. sg., 1424; acc. sg., 2944.--Comp. g\u00fb\u00f0-horn.\n\nhorn-boga, w. m., _bow made of horn_: dat. sg. of horn-bogan, 2438.\n\nhorn-ge\u00e1p, adj., of great extent between the (stag-)horns adorning the\ngables(?): nom. sg. sele ... he\u00e1h and horn-ge\u00e1p, 82.\n\nhorn-reced, st. n., building whose two gables are crowned by the halves of\na stag's antler(?): acc. sg., 705. Cf. Heyne's Treatise on the Hall,\nHeorot, p. 44.\n\nhors, st. n., _horse_: nom. sg., 1400.\n\nh\u00f4ciht, adj., _provided with hooks, hooked_: in comp. heoro-h\u00f4ciht.\n\nbe-h\u00f4fian, w. v. w. gen., _to need, to want_: pres. sg. III. nu is se d\u00e4g\ncumen \u00feat \u00fbre man-dryhten m\u00e4genes beh\u00f4fa\u00f0 g\u00f4dra g\u00fb\u00f0rinca, _now is the day\ncome when our lord needs the might of strong warriors_, 2648.\n\non-h\u00f4hsnian, w. v., _to hinder_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t onh\u00f4hsnode Heminges m\u00e6g (on\nhohsnod, MS.), 1945.\n\nh\u00f4linga, adv., _in vain, without reason_, 1077.\n\nbe-h\u00f4n, st. v., _to hang with_: pret. part. helmum behongen, 3140.\n\nhop, st. n., _protected place, place of refuge, place of concealment_, in\nthe compounds fen-, m\u00f4r-hop.\n\nh\u00f4s (Goth, hansa), st. f., _accompanying troop, escort_: instr. sg. m\u00e4g\u00f0a\nh\u00f4se, _with an accompanying train of servingwomen_, 925.\n\nhr\u00e4\u00f0e, adv., _hastily, quickly, immediately_, 224, 741, 749, 1391, etc.;\nhra\u00f0e, 1438; hre\u00f0e, 992; compar. hra\u00f0or, 543.\n\nhran-fix, st. m., _whale_: acc. pl. hron-fixas, 540.\n\nhran-r\u00e2d, st. f., _whale-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. ofer hron-r\u00e2de, 10.\n\nhr\u00e2, st. n., _corpse_: nom. sg., 1589.\n\nhr\u00e2-fyl, st. m., _fall of corpses, killing, slaughter_: acc. sg., 277.\n\nhr\u00e4dl\u00eece, adv., _hastily, immediately_, 356, 964.\n\nhr\u00e4fn, hrefn, st. m., _raven_: nom. sg. hrefn blaca, _black raven_, 1802;\nse wonna hrefn, _the dark raven_, 3025; dat. sg. hrefne, 2449.\n\nhr\u00e4gl, st. n., _dress, garment, armor_: nom. sg., 1196; gen. sg., hr\u00e4gles,\n1218; gen. pl. hr\u00e4gla, 454--Comp.: beado-, fyrd-, mere-hr\u00e4gl.\n\nhre\u00f0e. See hra\u00f0e.\n\nhre\u00f0er, st. m., _breast, bosom_ nom. sg. hre\u00f0er inne we\u00f3ll _(it surged in\nhis breast_), 2114; hre\u00f0er \u00e6\u00f0me we\u00f3ll, 2594; dat. sg. in hre\u00f0re, 1152; of\nhre\u00f0re, 2820.--_Breast_ as the seat of feeling, _heart_: dat. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s\n... hre\u00f0re hygem\u00ea\u00f0e, _that was depressing to the heart_ (of the slayer,\nH\u00e6\u00f0cyn), 2443; on hre\u00f0re, 1879, 2329; gen. pl. \u00feurh hre\u00f0ra gehygd,\n2046.--_Breast_ as seat of life: instr. sg. hre\u00f0re, parallel with aldre,\n1447.\n\nhre\u00f0er-bealo, st. n., _evil that takes hold on the heart, evil severely\nfelt_: acc. sg., 1344.\n\nhrefn. See hr\u00e4fn.\n\nhr\u00ea\u00f0, st. f., _glory_; in composition, g\u00fb\u00f0-hr\u00ea\u00f0; _renown, assurance of\nvictory_, in sige-hr\u00ea\u00f0.\n\nhr\u00ea\u00f0e, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg. hr\u00ea\u00f0 (on account of the\nfollowing \u00e4t, final _e_ is elided, as w\u00eanic for w\u00eane ic, 442; fr\u00f4for and\nfultum for fr\u00f4fre and fultum, 699; firen ondrysne for firene ondr., 1933),\n2576.\n\nhr\u00ea\u00f0-sigor, st. m., _glorious victory_: dat. sg. hr\u00ea\u00f0-sigora, 2584.\n\nhr\u00eamig, adj., _boasting, exulting_: with instr. and gen. h\u00fb\u00f0e hr\u00eamig, 124;\nsince hr\u00eamig, 1883; fr\u00e4twum hr\u00eamig, 2055; nom. pl. nealles Hetware hr\u00eamge\n\u00feorfton (sc. wesan) f\u00ea\u00f0e-w\u00eeges, 2365.\n\non-hr\u00earan, w. v., _to excite, to stir up_: pret. part. on-hr\u00eared, 549,\n2555.\n\nhre\u00e2-w\u00eec, st. n., _place of corpses_: acc. sg. Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de hre\u00e2-w\u00eec\nhe\u00f3ldon, _held the place of corpses_, 1215.\n\nhre\u00e1d, st. f., _ornament_(?), in comp. earm-hre\u00e1d. See hre\u00f3\u00f0an.\n\nhre\u00e1m, st. m., _noise, alarm_:: nom. sg., 1303.\n\nhre\u00f3\u00f0a, w. m., _cover_, in the compound bord-hre\u00f3\u00f0a.\n\nhre\u00f3\u00f0an, ge-hre\u00f3\u00f0an, st. v., _to cover, to clothe_; only in the pret. part.\nhroden, gehroden, _dressed, adorned_: hroden, 495, 1023; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s heal hroden\nfe\u00f3nda feorum, _then was the hall covered with the corpses of the enemy_,\n1152; ge-hroden golde, _adorned with gold_, 304.--Comp.: be\u00e1g-,\ngold-hroden.\n\nhre\u00f3h, hre\u00f3w, hre\u00f3, adj., _excited, stormy, wild, angry, raging; sad,\ntroubled_: nom. sg. (Be\u00f3wulf) hre\u00f3h and heoro-grim, 1565; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feam g\u00f4dan w\u00e4s\nhre\u00f3w on hre\u00f0re, (_that came with violence upon him, pained his heart_),\n2329; hre\u00f3 w\u00e6ron \u00fd\u00f0a, _the waves were angry, the sea stormy_, 548; n\u00e4s him\nhre\u00f3h sefa, _his mind was not cruel_, 2181; dat. sg. on hre\u00f3n m\u00f4de, _of sad\nheart_, 1308; on hre\u00f3um m\u00f4de, _angry at heart_, 2582.\n\nhre\u00f3h-m\u00f4d, adj., _of sad heart_, 2133; _angry at heart_, 2297.\n\nhre\u00f3san, st. v., _to fall, to sink, to rush_: pret. hre\u00e1s, 2489, 2832;\npret. pl. hruron, 1075; hie on weg hruron, _they rushed away_, 1431; hruron\nhim te\u00e1ras, _tears burst from him_, 1873.\n\nbe-hre\u00f3san, _to fall from, to be divested of_: pret. part. acc. pl.\nfyrn-manna fatu ... hyrstum behrorene, _divested of ornaments_ (from which\nthe ornaments had fallen away), 2760.\n\nhre\u00f3w, st. f., _distress, sorrow_: gen. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re hre\u00f3wa\ntornost, _that was to Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r the bitterest of his sorrows_, 2130.\n\nhring, st. m.: 1) _ring_: acc. sg. \u00feone hring, 1203; hring gyldenne, 2810;\nacc. pl. hringas, 1196, 1971, 3035; gen. pl. hringa, 1508, 2246.--2) _shirt\nof mail_ (of interlaced rings): nom. sg. hring, 1504; byrnan hring,\n2261.--Comp. b\u00e2n-hring.\n\nhringan, w. v., _to give forth a sound, to ring, to rattle_: pret. pl.\nbyrnan hringdon, 327.\n\nhring-boga, w. m., _one who bends himself into a ring_: gen. sg.\nhring-bogan (of the drake, bending himself into a circle), 2562.\n\nhringed, pret. part., _made of rings_: nom. sg. hringed byrne, 1246; acc.\nsg. hringde byrnan, 2616.\n\nhringed-stefna, w. m., _ship whose stem is provided with iron rings_\n(cramp-irons), especially of sea-going ships (cf. Fri\u00f0-\u00feiofs saga, I:\n\u00feorsteinn \u00e2tti skip \u00feat er Ellidi h\u00eat, ... bor\u00f0it war spengt iarni): nom.\nsg., 32, 1898; acc. sg. hringed-stefnan, 1132.\n\nhring-\u00eeren, st. n., _ring-iron, ring-mail_: nom. sg., 322.\n\nhring-m\u00e6l, adj., _marked with rings_, i.e. ornamented with rings, or marked\nwith characters of ring-form: nom. acc. sg., of the sword, 1522, 1562(?);\nnom. pl. heard and hring-m\u00e6l Hea\u00f0obeardna gestre\u00f3n (_rich armor_), 2038.\n\nhring-naca, w. m., _ship with iron rings, sea-going ship_: nom. sg., 1863.\n\nhring-net, st. n., _ring-net_, i.e. a shirt of interlaced rings: acc. sg.,\n2755; acc. pl. hring-net, 1890.\n\nhring-sele, st. m., _ring-hall_, i.e. hall in which are rings, or in which\nrings are bestowed: acc. sg., 2841; dat. sg., 2011, 3054.\n\nhring-weor\u00f0ung, st. f., _ring-ornament_: acc. sg. -weor\u00f0unge, 3018.\n\nhr\u00eenan, st. v. w. dat.: 1) _to touch, lay hold of_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t him heardra\nn\u00e2n hr\u00eenan wolde \u00eeren \u00e6rg\u00f4d (_that no good sword of valiant men would make\nan impression on him_), 989; him for hr\u00f4f-sele hr\u00eenan ne mehte f\u00e6rgripe\nfl\u00f4des (_the sudden grip of the flood might not touch him owing to the\nhall-roof_), 1516; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feam hring-sele hr\u00eenan ne m\u00f4ste gumena \u00e6nig _(so that\nnone might touch the ringed-hall), _3054; pret. sg. si\u00f0\u00f0an he hire folmum\n[hr]\u00e2n (_as soon as he touched it with his hands_), 723; \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t de\u00e1\u00f0es wylm\nhr\u00e2n \u00e4t heortan (_seized his heart_), 2271. Pret. subj. \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee him wund\nhr\u00eene (_although he was wounded_), 2977.--2) (O.N. hr\u00eena, _sonare,\nclamare), to resound, rustle_: pres. part. nom. pl. hr\u00eende bearwas (for\nhr\u00eenende) 1364; but see Note.\n\nhroden. See hre\u00f3\u00f0an.\n\nhron-fix. See hran-fix.\n\nhr\u00f4\u00f0or, st. m., _joy, beneficium_: dat sg. hrefne t\u00f4 hr\u00f4\u00f0re, 2449; gen. pl.\nhr\u00f4\u00f0ra, 2172.\n\nhr\u00f4f, st. m., _roof, ceiling of a house_: nom. sg., 1000; acc. sg. under\nHeorotes hr\u00f4f, 403; under ge\u00e1pne hr\u00f4f, 838; geseah ste\u00e1pne hr\u00f4f (here\n_inner roof, ceiling_), 927; so, ofer he\u00e1hne hr\u00f4f, 984; ymb \u00fe\u00e4s helmes\nhr\u00f4f, 1031; under beorges hr\u00f4f, 2756.--Comp. inwit-hr\u00f4f.\n\nhr\u00f4f-sele, st. m., _covered hall_: dat. sg. hr\u00f4f-sele, 1516.\n\nhr\u00f4r, adj., _stirring, wide-awake, valorous_: dat. sg. of \u00fe\u00e4m hr\u00f4ran,\n1630.--Comp. fela-hr\u00f4r.\n\nhruron. See hre\u00f3san.\n\nhruse, w. f., _earth, soil_: nom. sg., 2248, 2559; acc. sg. on hrusan, 773,\n2832; dat. sg. under hrusan, 2412.\n\nhrycg, st. m., _back_: acc. sg. ofer w\u00e4teres hrycg (_over the water's back,\nsurface_), 471.\n\nhryre, st. m., _fall, destruction, ruin_: acc. sg., 3181; dat. sg., 1681,\n3006.--Comp.: le\u00f3d-, w\u00eeg-hryre.\n\nhrysian, w. v., _to shake, be shaken, clatter_: pret. pl. syrcan hrysedon\n(_corselets rattled_, of men in motion), 226.\n\nhund, st. m., _dog_: instr. pl. hundum, 1369.\n\nhund, num., _hundred_: \u00fere\u00f3 hund, 2279; w. gen. pl. hund missera, 1499;\nhund \u00fe\u00fbsenda landes and locenra be\u00e1ga, 2995.\n\nh\u00fb, adv., _how, quomodo_, 3, 116, 279, 738, 845, 2319, 2520, 2719, etc.\n\nhu\u00f0, st. f., _booty, plunder_: dat. (instr.) sg. h\u00fb\u00f0e, 124.\n\nh\u00fbru, adv., _above all, certainly_, 369; _indeed, truly_, 182, 670, 1072,\n1466, 1945, 2837; _yet, nevertheless_, 863; _now_, 3121.\n\nh\u00fbs, st. n., _house_: gen. sg. h\u00fbses, 116; gen. pl. h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest (Heorot),\n146, 285, 659, 936.\n\nhwan, adv., _whither_: t\u00f4 hwan sy\u00f0\u00f0an wear\u00f0 hondr\u00e6s h\u00e4le\u00f0a (_what issue the\nhand-to-hand fight of the heroes had_), 2072.\n\nhwanan, hwanon, adv., _whence_: hwanan, 257, 2404; hwanon, 333.\n\nhw\u00e2, interrog. and indef. pron., _who_: nom. sg. m. hw\u00e2, 52, 2253, 3127;\nneut. hw\u00e4t, 173; \u00e2nes hw\u00e4t (_a part only_), 3011; hw\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 men w\u00e6ron (_who\nthe men were_), 233, etc.; hw\u00e4t syndon ge searo-h\u00e4bbendra (_what armed men\nare ye?_), 237; acc. sg. m. wi\u00f0 manna hwone (_from (?) any man_), 155;\nneut. \u00feurh hw\u00e4t, 3069; hw\u00e4t wit ge\u00f3 spr\u00e6con, 1477; hw\u00e4t ... h\u00fdn\u00f0o (gen.),\nf\u00e6r-n\u00ee\u00f0a (_what shame and sudden woes_), 474; so, hw\u00e4t \u00feu worn fela (_how\nvery much thou_), 530; swylces hw\u00e4t, 881; hw\u00e4t ... \u00e2rna, 1187; dat. m.\nhw\u00e2m, 1697.--Comp. \u00e6g-hw\u00e2.\n\nhw\u00e4t, interj., _what! lo! indeed!_ 1, 943, 2249.\n\nge-hw\u00e2, w. part, gen., _each, each one_: acc. sg. m. wi\u00f0 fe\u00f3nda gehwone,\n294; n\u00ee\u00f0a gehwane, 2398; m\u00eaca gehwane, 2686; gum-cynnes gehwone, 2766; fem,\non healfa gehwone, 801; dat. sg. m. d\u00f4gora gehw\u00e2m, 88; \u00e4t n\u00ee\u00f0a gehw\u00e2m, 883;\n\u00feegna gehw\u00e2m, 2034; eorla gehw\u00e6m, 1421; fem. in m\u00e6g\u00f0a ge-hw\u00e6re, 25; nihta\ngehw\u00e6m, 1366; gen. sing. m. manna gehw\u00e4s, 2528; fem. d\u00e6da gehw\u00e4s, 2839.\n\nhw\u00e2r. See hw\u00e6r.\n\nhw\u00e4der. See hwider.\n\nhw\u00e4\u00f0er, pron., _which of two_: nom. sg. hw\u00e4\u00f0er ... uncer twega, 2531; sw\u00e2\nhw\u00e4\u00f0er, _utercunque_: acc. sg. on sw\u00e2 hw\u00e4\u00f0ere hond sw\u00e2 him gemet \u00feince,\n687.--Comp. \u00e6g-hw\u00e4\u00f0er.\n\nge-hw\u00e4\u00f0er, _each of two, either-other_: nom. sg. m. w\u00e4s gehw\u00e4\u00f0er \u00f4\u00f0rum\nlifigende l\u00e2\u00f0, 815; w\u00e4s ... gehw\u00e4\u00f0er \u00f4\u00f0rum hr\u00f4\u00f0ra gemyndig, 2172; ne\ngehw\u00e4\u00f0er incer (_nor either of you two_), 584; nom. sg. neut. gehw\u00e4\u00f0er \u00fe\u00e2ra\n(_either of them_, i.e. ready for war or peace), 1249; dat. sg. hiora\ngehw\u00e4\u00f0rum, 2995; gen. sg. bega gehw\u00e4\u00f0res, 1044.\n\nhw\u00e4\u00f0er, hw\u00e4\u00f0ere, hw\u00e4\u00f0re, 1) adv., _yet, nevertheless_: hw\u00e4\u00f0re, 555, 891,\n1271, 2099, 2299, 2378, etc.; hw\u00e4\u00f0re sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h, _however, notwithstanding_,\n2443; hw\u00e4\u00f0ere, 574, 578, 971, 1719--2) conj., = _utrum, whether_: hw\u00e4\u00f0re,\n1315; hw\u00e4\u00f0er, 1357, 2786.\n\nhw\u00e4t, adj., _sharp, bold, valiant_: nom. sg. se secg hwata, 3029; dat. sg.\nhwatum, 2162; nom. pl. hwate, 1602, 2053; acc. pl. hwate, 2643,\n3006.--Comp.: fyrd-, gold-hw\u00e4t.\n\nhw\u00e4t. See hw\u00e2.\n\nhw\u00e6r, adv., _where_: elles hw\u00e6r, _elsewhere_, 138; hw\u00e6r, _somewhere_, 2030.\nIn elliptical question: wundur hw\u00e2r \u00feonne..., _is it a wonder when...?_\n3063.--Comp. \u00f4-hw\u00e6r.\n\nge-hw\u00e6r, _everywhere_: \u00fee\u00e1h \u00feu hea\u00f0o-r\u00e6sa gehw\u00e6r dohte (_everywhere good in\nbattle_), 526.\n\nhwele. See hwyle.\n\nhwergen, adv., _anywhere_: elles hwergen, _elsewhere_, 2591.\n\nhwettan, w. v., _to encourage, urge_: pres. subj. sw\u00e2 \u00fein sefa hwette (_as\nthy mind urges, as thou likest_), 490; pret. pl. hwetton higer\u00f4fne (_they\nwhetted the brave one_), 204.\n\nhw\u00eane, adv., _a little, paululum_, 2700.\n\nhwealf, st. f., _vault_: acc. sg. under heofones hwealf, 576, 2016.\n\nhweorfan, st. v., _to stride deliberately, turn, depart, move, die_: pres.\npl. \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee cwice hwyrfa\u00f0, 98; inf. hw\u00eelum he on lufan l\u00e6te\u00f0 hworfan monnes\nm\u00f4d-ge\u00feonc (_sometimes on love_ (?) _possessions_ (?) _permits the thoughts\nof man to turn_), 1729; londrihtes m\u00f4t ... monna \u00e6ghwylc \u00eedel hweorfan (_of\nrights of land each one of men must be deprived_), 2889; pret. sg. f\u00e4der\nellor hwearf ... of earde (_died_), 55; hwearf \u00fe\u00e2 hr\u00e4dl\u00eece \u00fe\u00e6r Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r s\u00e4t,\n356; hwearf \u00fe\u00e2 b\u00ee bence (_turned then to the bench_), 1189; so, hwearf \u00fe\u00e2\nbe wealle, 1574; hwearf geond \u00fe\u00e4t reced, 1982; hl\u00e6w oft ymbe hwearf (_went\noft round the cave_), 2297; nalles \u00e4fter lyfte l\u00e2cende hwearf (_not at all\nthrough the air did he go springing_), 2833; subj. pret. sg, \u00e6r he on weg\nhwurfe ... of geardum (_died_), 264.\n\nand-hweorfan, _to move against_: pret. sg. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t ... nor\u00f0an wind\nhea\u00f0o-grim and-hwearf (_till the fierce north wind blew in our faces_),\n548.\n\n\u00e4t-hweorfan, _to go to_: pret. sg. hw\u00eelum he on beorh \u00e4t-hwearf (_at times\nreturned to the mountain_), 2300.\n\nge-hweorfan, _to go, come_: pret. sg. gehwearf \u00fe\u00e2 in Francna f\u00e4\u00f0m feorh\ncyninges, 1211; hit on \u00e6ht gehwearf ... Denigea fre\u00e1n, 1680; so, 1685,\n2209.\n\ngeond-hweorfan, _to go through from end to end_: pres. sg. flet eall\ngeond-hwearf, 2018.\n\nhwider, adv., _whither_: hwyder, 163; hw\u00e4der (hw\u00e4\u00f0er, MS.), 1332.\n\nhw\u00eel, st. f., _time, space of time_: nom. sg. w\u00e4s se\u00f3 hw\u00eel micel (_it was a\nlong time_), 146; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s hw\u00eel d\u00e4ges (_the space of a day_), 1496; acc. sg.\nhw\u00eele, _for a time_, 2138; _a while_, 105, 152; lange (longe) hw\u00eele, _a\nlong while_, 16, 2781; \u00e2ne hw\u00eele, _a while_, 1763; lytle hw\u00eele, _brief\nspace_, 2031, 2098; \u00e6nige hw\u00eele, _any while_, 2549; l\u00e4ssan hw\u00eele, _a lesser\nwhile_, 2572; dat. sg. \u00e6r d\u00e4ges hw\u00eele, _before daybreak_, 2321; dat. pl.\nnihtes hw\u00eelum, _sometimes at night_, 3045. Adv., _sometimes, often_:\nhw\u00eelum, 175, 496, 917, 1729, 1829, 2017, 2112, etc.; hw\u00eelum ... hw\u00eelum,\n2108-9-10.--Comp.: d\u00e4g-, gesc\u00e4p-, orleg-, sige-hw\u00eel.\n\nhw\u00eet, adj., _brilliant, flashing_: nom. sg. se hw\u00eeta helm, 1449.\n\nhworfan. See hweorfan.\n\nhw\u00f4pan, st. v., _to cry, cry out mourn_: pret. sg. hwe\u00f3p, 2269.\n\nhwyder. See hwider.\n\nhwylc, pron., _which, what, any_: 1) adj.: nom. sg. m. scea\u00f0a ic n\u00e2t hwylc,\n274; fem, hwylc orleghw\u00eel, 2003; nom. pl. hwylce S\u00e6ge\u00e1ta s\u00ee\u00f0as w\u00e6ron,\n1987.--2) subst., w. gen. pl. nom. m.: Frisna hwylc, 1105; fem, efne sw\u00e2\nhwylc m\u00e4g\u00f0a sw\u00e2 \u00feone magan cende (_whatever woman brought forth this son_),\n944; neut. \u00feonne his bearna hwylc (_than any one of his sons_), 2434; dat.\nsg. efne sw\u00e2 hwylcum manna sw\u00e2 him gemet \u00fe\u00fbhte, 3058.--Comp.: \u00e6g-, n\u00e2t-,\nwel-hwylc.\n\nge-hwylc, ge-hwilc, ge-hwelc, w. gen. pl., _each_: nom. sg. m. gehwylc,\n986, 1167, 1674; acc. sg. m. gehwylcne, 937, 2251, 2517; gehwelcne, 148;\nfem, gehwylce, 1706; neut. gehwylc, 2609; instr. sg. d\u00f4gra gehwylce, 1091;\nso, 2058, 2451; dat. sg. m. gehwylcum, 412, 769, 785, etc.; fem, ecga\ngehwylcre, 806; neut. cynna gehwylcum, 98; gen. sg. m. and neut. gehwylces,\n733, 1397, 2095.\n\nhwyrft, st. m., _circling movement, turn_: dat. pl. adv. hwyrftum scr\u00ee\u00f0a\u00f0\n(_wander to and fro_), 163.--Comp. ed-hwyrft.\n\nhycgan, w. v., _to think, resolve upon_: pret. sg. ic \u00fe\u00e4t hogode \u00fe\u00e4t ...\n(_my intention was that ..._), 633.--Comp. w. pres. part.: bealo-, heard-,\nsw\u00ee\u00f0-, \u00feanc-, w\u00ees-hycgend.\n\nfor-hycgan, _to despise, scorn, reject with contempt_: pres. sg. I. ic \u00fe\u00e4t\n\u00feonne for-hicge \u00fe\u00e4t ..., _reject with scorn the proposition that ..._, 435.\n\nge-hycgan, _to think, determine upon_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 \u00feu ... feorr gehogodest\ns\u00e4cce s\u00eacean, 1989.\n\nofer-hycgan, _to scorn_: pret. sg. ofer-hogode \u00fe\u00e2 hringa fengel \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feone\nw\u00eedflogan weorode ges\u00f4hte (_scorned to seek the wide-flier with a host_),\n2346.\n\nhydig (for hygdig), adj., _thinking, of a certain mind_: comp. \u00e2n-, bealo-,\ngrom-, n\u00ee\u00f0-, \u00fer\u00eest-hydig.\n\nge-hygd, st. n., _thought, sentiment_: acc. sg. \u00feurh hre\u00f0ra gehygd,\n2046.--Comp.: bre\u00f3st-, m\u00f4d-gehygd, won-hyd.\n\nhyge, hige, st. m., _mind, heart, thought_: nom. sg. hyge, 756; hige, 594;\nacc. sg. \u00feurh holdne hige, 267; gen. sg. higes, 2046; dat. pl. higum, 3149.\n\nhyge-bend, st. m. f., _mind-fetter, heart-band_: instr. pl. hyge-bendum\nf\u00e4st, _fast in his mind's fetters, secretly_, 1879.\n\nhyge-ge\u00f4mor, adj., _sad in mind_: nom. sg. hyge-gi\u00f4mor, 2409.\n\nhyge-m\u00ea\u00f0e, adj.: 1) _sorrowful, soul-crushing_: nom. sg., 2443.--2)\n_life-weary, dead_: dat. pl. hyge-m\u00ea\u00f0um (-m\u00e6\u00f0um, MS.), 2910.\n\nhyge-r\u00f4f, adj., _brave, valiant, vigorous-minded_: nom. sg. [hyger\u00f4f], 403;\nacc. sg. hige-r\u00f4fne, 204.\n\nhyge-sorh, st. f., _heart-sorrow_: gen. pl. -sorga, 2329.\n\nhyge-\u00feyhtig, adj., _doughty, courageous_: acc. sg. hige-\u00feihtigne (of\nBe\u00f3wulf), 747. See \u00feyhtig.\n\nhyge-\u00ferym, st. m., _animi majestas, high-mindedness_: dat. pl. for\nhige-\u00ferymmum, 339.\n\nhyht, st. m., _thought, pleasant thought, hope_ (Dietrich): nom. sg., 179.\n\nge-hyld (see healdan), st. n., _support, protection_: nom. sg., 3057.--Leo.\n\nhyldan, w. v., _to incline one's self, lie down to sleep_: pret. sg. hylde\nhine, _inclined himself, lay down_, 689.\n\nhyldo, st. f., _inclination, friendliness, grace_: acc. sg. hyldo, 2068,\n2294; gen. sg. hyldo, 671, 2999.\n\n\u00e2-hyrdan, w. v., _harden_: pret. part. \u00e2-hyrded, 1461.\n\nhyrde. See hirde.\n\nhyrst, st. f., _accoutrements, ornament, armor_: acc. sg. hyrste\n(Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w's _equipments and arms_), 2989; acc. pl. hyrsta, 3166; instr.\npl. hyrstum, 2763.\n\nhyrstan, w. v., _to deck, adorn_: pret. part. hyrsted sweord, 673; helm\n[hyr]sted golde, 2256.\n\nhyrtan, w. v., _to take heart, be emboldened_: pret. sg. hyrte hyne\nhord-weard (_the drake took heart_; see 2566, 2568, 2570), 2594.\n\nhyse, st. m., _youth, young man_: nom. sg. as voc., 1218.\n\nhyt. See hit.\n\nh\u00fddan, w. v., _to hide, conceal, protect, preserve_: pres. subj. h\u00fdde\n[hine, _himself_] se \u00fee wylle, 2767; inf. w. acc. n\u00f4 \u00feu m\u00eenne \u00feearft\nhafalan h\u00fddan, 446; \u00e6r he in wille hafelan [h\u00fddan] (_ere in it he_ [the\nstag] _will hide his head_), 1373.\n\nge-h\u00fddan, w. acc., _to conceal, preserve_: pret. sg. geh\u00fddde, 2236, 3060.\n\nh\u00fd\u00f0, st. f., _haven_: dat. sg. \u00e4t h\u00fd\u00f0e, 32.\n\nh\u00fd\u00f0-weard, st. m., _haven-warden_: nom. sg., 1915.\n\nh\u00fdnan (see he\u00e1n), w. v. w. acc., _to crush, afflict, injure_: pret. sg.\nh\u00fdnde, 2320.\n\nh\u00fdn\u00f0u, st. f., _oppression, affliction, injury_: acc. sg. h\u00fdn\u00f0u, 277; gen.\nsg. hw\u00e4t ... h\u00fdn\u00f0o, 475; fela ... h\u00fdn\u00f0o, 594; gen. pl. heardra h\u00fdn\u00f0a, 166.\n\nh\u00fdran, w. v.: 1) _to hear, perceive, learn_: a) w. inf. or acc. with inf.:\nI. pret. sg. h\u00fdrde ic, 38, 582, 1347, 1843, 2024; III. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t he fram\nSigemunde secgan h\u00fdrde, 876; I. pl. sw\u00e2 we s\u00f4\u00f0l\u00eece secgan h\u00fdrdon, 273. b)\nw. acc.: n\u00e6nigne ic ... s\u00ealran h\u00fdrde hordm\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um (_I heard of no better\nhoard-jewel_), 1198. c) w. dependent clause: I. sg. pret. h\u00fdrde ic \u00fe\u00e4t ...,\n62, 2164, 2173.--2) w. dat. of person, _to obey_: inf. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t him \u00e6ghwylc\n\u00fe\u00e2ra ymbsittendra h\u00fdran scolde, 10; h\u00fdran hea\u00f0o-si\u00f3cum, 2755; Pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t\nhim winem\u00e2gas georne h\u00fdrdon, 66.\n\nge-h\u00fdran, _to hear, learn_: a) w. acc.: II. pers. sg. pres. m\u00eenne geh\u00fdra\u00f0\n\u00e2nfealdne ge\u00fe\u00f4ht, 255; III. sg. pret. geh\u00fdrde on Be\u00f3wulfe f\u00e4str\u00e6dne ge\u00fe\u00f4ht,\n610. b) w. acc. and inf.: III. pl. pret. geh\u00fdrdon, 786. c) w. depend.\nclause: I. pres. sg. ic \u00fe\u00e4t geh\u00fdre \u00fe\u00e4t ..., 290.\n\n\nI\n\nic, pers. pron. _I_: acc. mec, dat. me, gen. m\u00een; dual nom. wit, acc.\nuncit, unc, dat. unc, gen. uncer; pl. nom. we, acc. \u00fbsic, \u00fbs, dat. \u00fbs, gen.\n\u00fbser. ic omitted before the verb, 470.\n\nicge, _gold_ (perhaps related to Sanskrit \u00ee\u00e7, = dominare, imperare, O.H.G.\n\u00eaht, _wealth_, opes), _treasure?, sword_ (edge)?, 1108.--K\u00f6rner.\n\nides, st. f., _woman, lady, queen_: nom. sg., 621, 1076, 1118, 1169; dat.\nsg. idese, 1650, 1942. Also of Grendel's mother: nom. sg., 1260; gen. sg.\nidese, 1352.\n\nin. See inn.\n\nin: I. prep. w. dat. and acc.: 1) w. dat. (local, indicating rest), _in_:\nin geardum, 13, 2460; in \u00fe\u00e4m g\u00fb\u00f0sele, 443; in be\u00f3rsele, 2636; so, 89, 482,\n589, 696, 729, 2140, 2233, etc.; in m\u00e6g\u00f0a gehw\u00e6re, 25; in \u00fe\u00fdstrum, 87; in\nCaines cynne, 107; in hyra gryregeatwum (_in their accoutrements of terror,\nwar-weeds_), 324; so, 395; in campe (_in battle_), 2506; hiora in \u00e2num (_in\none of them_), 2600. Prep. postpositive: Scedelandum in, 19. Also, _on,\nupon_, like on: in ealo-bence, 1030; in gumst\u00f4le, 1953; in \u00feam wongstede\n(_on the grassy plain, the battle-field_), 2787; in b\u00e6lstede, 3098.\nTemporal: in ge\u00e2r-dagum, 1.--2) w. acc. (local, indicating motion), _in,\ninto_: in woruld, 60; in f\u00fdres f\u00e4\u00f0m, 185; so, 1211; in Hrefnesholt, 2936.\nTemporal, _in, at, about, toward_: in \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00eede (in watide, MS.), 2228.\n\nII. adv., _in_ (here or there), 386, 1038, 1372, 1503, 1645, 2153, 2191,\n2228; inn, 3091.\n\nincge, adj. (perhaps related to icge), instr. sg. incge l\u00e2fe (_with the\ncostly sword_ ? or _with mighty sword_?), 2578.--[_Edge_: incge l\u00e2fe, _edge\nof the sword_.--K. K\u00f6rner?]\n\nin-fr\u00f4d, adj., _very aged_: nom. sg., 2450; dat. sg. in-fr\u00f4dum, 1875.\n\nin-gang, st. m., _entrance, access to_: acc. sg., 1550.\n\nin-genga, w. m., _in-goer, visitor_: nom. sg., of Grendel, 1777.\n\nin-gesteald, st. m., _house-property, possessions in the house_: acc. sg.,\n1156.\n\ninn, st. n., _apartment, house_: nom. sg. in, 1301.\n\ninnan, adv., _within, inside_, 775, 1018, 2413, 2720; on innan (_in the\ninterior_), _within_, 1741, 2716; \u00fe\u00e6r on innan (_in there_), 71; burgum on\ninnan (_within his city_), 1969. Also, _therein_: \u00fe\u00e6r on innan, 2090, 2215,\n2245.\n\ninnan-weard, adv., _inwards, inside, within_, 992, 1977; inne-weard, 999.\n\ninne, adv.: 1) _inside, within_, 643, 1282, 1571, 2114, 3060; word inne\n\u00e2be\u00e1d (_called, sent word, in_, i.e. standing in the hall door), 390; _in\nit_ (i.e. the battle), 1142; \u00fe\u00e6r inne (_therein_), 118, 1618, 2116, 2227,\n3088.--2) = _insuper, still further, besides_, 1867.\n\ninwit, st. n., _evil, mischief, spite, cunning hostility_, as in\n\ninwit-feng, st. m., _malicious grasp, grasp of a cunning foe_: nom. sg.,\n1448.\n\ninwit-g\u00e4st, st. m., _evil guest, hostile stranger_: nom. sg., 2671.\n\ninwit-hr\u00f4f, st. m., _hostile roof, hiding-place of a cunning foe_: acc. sg.\nunder inwit-hr\u00f4f, 3124.\n\ninwit-net, st. n., _mischief-net, cunning snare_: acc. sg., 2168.\n\ninwit-n\u00ee\u00f0, st. n., _cunning hostility, hostile contest_: nom. pl.\ninwit-n\u00ee\u00f0as (_hostility through secret attack_), 1859; gen. pl. inwit-n\u00ee\u00f0a,\n1948.\n\ninwit-scear, st. m., _massacre through cunning, murderous attack_: acc. sg.\neatolne inwit-scear, 2479.\n\ninwit-searo, st. n., _cunning, artful intrigue_: acc. sg. \u00feurh inwit-searo,\n1102. See searo.\n\ninwit-sorh, st. f., _grief, remorse, mourning springing from hostile\ncunning_: nom. sg., 1737; acc. sg. inwid-sorge, 832.\n\ninwit-\u00feanc, adj., _ill-disposed, malicious_: dat. sg. he onf\u00eang hra\u00f0e\ninwit-\u00feancum (_he quickly grasped the cunning-in-mind_ [Grendel]), 749.\n\nirnan (for rinnan), st. v., _to run_: so be-irnan, _to run up to_, occur_:\npret. sg him on m\u00f4d be-arn (_came into his mind_), 67.\n\non-irnan, _to open_: pret. sg. duru s\u00f4na onarn, 722.\n\nirre-m\u00f4d, adj. See yrre-m\u00f4d.\n\n\n\u00ce\n\n\u00eedel, adj., _empty, bare; deprived of_: nom. sg., 145, 413; w. gen.\nlond-rihtes \u00fe\u00e6re m\u00e6gburge \u00eedel (_deprived of his land-possessions among the\npeople_ [of the Ge\u00e1tas]), 2889.\n\n\u00eedel-hende, adj., _empty-handed_, 2082.\n\n\u00eeren, st. n., _iron, sword_: nom. sg. dryhtl\u00eec \u00eeren (_the doughty, lordly\nsword_), 893; \u00eeren \u00e6r-g\u00f4d, 990; acc. sg. le\u00f3fl\u00eec \u00eeren, 1810; gen. pl. \u00eerena\ncyst (_choicest of swords_), 674; \u00eerenna cyst, 803; \u00eerenna ecge (_edges of\nswords_), 2684.\n\n\u00eeren, adj., _of iron_: nom. sg. ecg w\u00e4s \u00eeren, 1460.\n\n\u00eeren-bend, st. f., _iron band, bond, rivet_: instr. pl. \u00eeren-bendum f\u00e4st\n(bold), 775, 999.\n\n\u00eeren-byrne, w. f., _iron corselet_: acc. sg. \u00eeren-byrnan, 2987. See\n\u00eesern-byrne.\n\n\u00eeren-heard, adj., _hard as iron_: nom. sg., 1113.\n\n\u00eerenne, adj., _of iron_: in comp. eall-\u00eerenne.\n\n\u00eeren-\u00fere\u00e1t, st. m., _iron troop, armored band_: nom. sg., 330.\n\n\u00ees, st. n., _ice_: dat. sg. \u00eese, 1609.\n\n\u00eesern-byrne, w. f., _iron corselet_: acc. sg. \u00eesern-byrnan, 672. See\n\u00eeren-byrne.\n\n\u00eesern-sc\u00fbr, st. f., _iron shower, shower of arrows_: gen. sg. \u00feone \u00fee oft\ngeb\u00e2d \u00eesern-sc\u00fbre, 3117.\n\n\u00ees-gebind, st. n., _fetters of ice_: instr. sg. \u00ees-gebinde, 1134.\n\n\u00eesig, adj., _shining, brilliant_ (like brass): nom. sg. \u00eesig (said of a\nvessel covered with plates(?) of metal), 33.--Leo.\n\nIO IU\n\ni\u00fa. See ge\u00f3.\n\ni\u00fa-man. See ge\u00f3-man.\n\ni\u00f3-me\u00f3wle. See ge\u00f3-me\u00f3wle.\n\n\nL\n\nla\u00f0u, st. f., _invitation_.--Comp.: fre\u00f3nd-, ne\u00f3d-la\u00f0u.\n\nge-lafian, w. v. w. acc. pers. and instr. of the thing, _to refresh, lave_:\npret. sg. wine-dryhten his w\u00e4tere gelafede, 2723.\n\nlagu, st. m., _lake, sea_: nom. sg., 1631.\n\nlagu-cr\u00e4ftig, adj., _acquainted with the sea_: nom. sg. lagu-cr\u00e4ftig mon\n(_pilot_), 209.\n\nlagu-str\u00e6t, st. f., _path over the sea_: acc. sg. ofer lagu-str\u00e6te, 239.\n\nlagu-stre\u00e1m, st. m., _sea-current, flood_: acc. pl. ofer lagu-stre\u00e1mas,\n297.\n\nland, st. n., _land_: nom. sg. lond, 2198; acc. sg. land, 221, 2063; lond,\n2472, 2493; land Dena, 242, 253; lond Brondinga, 521; Finna land, 580; dat.\nsg. on lande (_in the land_), 2311, 2837; _at near, land, shore_, 1914; t\u00f4\nlande (_to the land, ashore_), 1624; gen. sg. landes, 2996; gen. pl. ofer\nlanda fela (_over much country, space; afar_), 31l.--Comp.: el-, e\u00e1-land.\n\nland-b\u00fbend, part, pres., terricola, _inhabitant of the land_: nom. pl.\nlond-b\u00fbend, 1346; dat. pl. land-b\u00fbendum, 95.\n\nland-fruma, w. m., _ruler, prince of the country_: nom. sg., 31.\n\nland-gemyrcu, st. n. pl., _frontier, land-mark_: acc. pl., 209.\n\nland-geweorc, st. n., _land-work, fortified place_: acc. sg. le\u00f3da\nland-geweorc, 939. See weorc, geweorc.\n\nland-riht, st. n., _prerogatives based upon land-possessions, right to\npossess land_, hence _real estate_ itself: gen. sg. lond-rihtes \u00eedel, 2887.\n\nland-waru, st. f., _inhabitants, population_: acc. pl. land-wara, 2322.\n\nland-weard, st. m., _guard, guardian of the frontier_: nom. sg., 1891.\n\nlang, long, adj., _long_: 1) temporal: nom. sg. t\u00f4 lang, 2094; n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 long\n(lang) t\u00f4 \u00feon (_not long after_), 2592, 2846; acc. sg. lange hw\u00eele (_for a\nlong time_), 16, 2160, 2781; longe (lange) \u00ferage, 54, 114, 1258; lange t\u00eed,\n1916. Compar. nom. sg. lengra fyrst, 134.--2) local, nom. sg. se w\u00e4s\nf\u00eeftiges f\u00f4tgemearces lang, 3044.--Comp.: and-, morgen-, niht-, up-lang.\n\nlange, longe, adv., _long_: lange, 31, 1995, 2131, 2345, 2424; longe, 1062,\n2752, 3109; t\u00f4 lange (_too long, excessively long_), 906, 1337, 1749.\nCompar. leng, 451, 1855, 2802, 3065; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd leng (_none the longer_), 975.\nSuperl. lengest (_longest_), 2009, 2239.\n\nge-lang, adj., _extending, reaching to something_ or _somebody_, hence\n_ready, prepared_: n\u00fb is r\u00e6d gelang eft \u00e4t \u00fee \u00e2num (_now is help [counsel]\nat hand in thee alone_), 1377; gen is eall \u00e4t \u00fee lissa gelong (_all of\nfavor is still on thee dependent, is thine_), 2151. See ge-lenge.\n\nlang-ge-stre\u00f3n, st. n., _long-lasting treasure_: gen. pl. long-gestre\u00f3na,\n2241.--Leo.\n\nlangian, w. v., reflex, w. dat, _to long, yearn_: pres. sg. III. him\n...\u00e4fter de\u00f3rum men dyrne langa\u00f0 beorn (_the hero longeth secretly after\nthe dear man_), 1880.\n\nlang-sum, adj., _long-lasting, continuing_: nom. sg. longsum, 134, 192,\n1723; acc. sg. long-sumne, 1537.\n\nlang-twidig, adj., _long-granted, assured_: nom. sg., 1709.\n\nlata, w. m., _a lazy, cowardly one_; in comp. hild-lata.\n\nl\u00e2, interj., _yes! indeed!_ 1701, 2865.\n\nl\u00e2c, st. n.: 1) _measured movement, play_: in comp. beadu-, hea\u00f0o-l\u00e2c.--2)\n_gift, offering_: acc. pl. l\u00e2c, 1864; l\u00e2\u00f0l\u00eecu l\u00e2c (_loathly offering,\nprey_), 1585; dat. pl. l\u00e2cum, 43, 1869.--Comp. s\u00e6-l\u00e2c.\n\nge-l\u00e2c, st. n., _sport, play_: acc. pl. sweorda gel\u00e2c (_battle_), 1041;\ndat. pl. \u00e4t ecga gel\u00e2cum, 1169.\n\nl\u00e2can, st. v., _to move in measured time, dancing, playing, fighting,\nflying_, etc.: inf. dare\u00f0um l\u00e2can (_fight_), 2849; part. pres. \u00e4fter lyfte\nl\u00e2cende (_flying through the air_), 2833.\n\nfor-l\u00e2can, _to deceive, betray_: part, pret. he wear\u00f0 on fe\u00f3nda geweald\nfor\u00f0 forl\u00e2cen (_deceitfully betrayed into the enemy's hands_), 904.\n\nl\u00e2d, st. f., _street, way, journey_: dat. sg. on l\u00e2de, 1988; gen. sg. l\u00e2de,\n569.--Comp.: brim-, s\u00e6-l\u00e2d.\n\nge-l\u00e2d, st. n., _way, path, road_: acc. sg. unc\u00fb\u00f0 gel\u00e2d, 1411.\n\nl\u00e2\u00f0, adj., _loathly, evil, hateful, hostile_: nom. sg. l\u00e2\u00f0, 816; l\u00e2\u00f0\nlyft-floga, 2316; l\u00e2\u00f0 (_enemy_), 440; ne le\u00f3f ne l\u00e2\u00f0, 511; neut. l\u00e2\u00f0, 134,\n192; in weak form, se l\u00e2\u00f0a (of the dragon), 2306; acc. sg. l\u00e2\u00f0ne (wyrm),\n3041; dat. sg. l\u00e2\u00f0um, 440, 1258; gen. sg. l\u00e2\u00f0es (of the enemy), 842; fela\nl\u00e2\u00f0es (_much evil_), 930; so, 1062; l\u00e2\u00f0an l\u00eeges, 83; l\u00e2\u00f0an cynnes, 2009,\n2355; \u00fe\u00e4s l\u00e2\u00f0an (of the enemy), 132; acc. pl. neut. l\u00e2\u00f0 gewidru (_hateful\nstorms_), 1376; dat. instr. pl. wi\u00f0 l\u00e2\u00f0um, 550; l\u00e2\u00f0um scuccum and scinnum,\n939; l\u00e2\u00f0um d\u00e6dum (_with evil deeds_), 2468; l\u00e2\u00f0an fingrum, 1506; gen. pl.\nl\u00e2\u00f0ra manna, spella, 2673, 3030; l\u00e2\u00f0ra (_the enemy_), 242. Compar. nom. sg.\nl\u00e2\u00f0ra ... beorn, 2433.\n\nl\u00e2\u00f0-bite, st. m., _hostile bite_: dat. sg. l\u00e2\u00f0-bite l\u00eeces (_the body's\nhostile bite_ = the wound), 1123.\n\nl\u00e2\u00f0-gete\u00f3na, w. m., _evil-doer, injurer_: nom. sg., 975; nom. pl.\nl\u00e2\u00f0-gete\u00f3nan, 559.\n\nl\u00e2\u00f0-l\u00eec, adj., _loathly, hostile_: acc. pl. l\u00e2\u00f0-l\u00eecu, 1585.\n\nl\u00e2f, st. f.: 1) _what is left, relic; inheritance, heritage, legacy_: nom.\nsg. Hr\u00ea\u00f0lan l\u00e2f (Be\u00f3wulf's corselet), 454; nom. pl. f\u00eala l\u00e2fe (_the\nleavings of files_ = swords, Grein), 1033; so, homera l\u00e2fe, 2830; on him\ngladia\u00f0 gomelra l\u00e2fe, heard and hringm\u00e6l Hea\u00f0obeardna gestre\u00f3n (_on him\ngleams the forefather's bequest, hard and ring-decked, the Hea\u00f0obeardas'\ntreasure_, i.e. the equipments taken from the slain king of the\nHea\u00f0obeardas), 2037; acc. sg. sweorda l\u00e2fe (_leavings of the sword_, i.e.\nthose spared by the sword), 2937.--2) _the sword as a specially precious\nheir-loom_: nom. sg., 2629; acc. sg. l\u00e2fe, 796, 1489, 1689, 2192, 2564;\ninstr. sg. incge l\u00e2fe, 2578.--Comp.: ende-, eormen-, we\u00e1-, yrfe-, \u00fd\u00f0-l\u00e2f.\n\nl\u00e2r, st. f., _lore, instruction, prescription_: dat. sg. be f\u00e4der l\u00e2re,\n1951; gen. pl. l\u00e2ra, 1221; l\u00e2rena, 269.--Comp. fre\u00f3nd-l\u00e2r.\n\nl\u00e2st, st. m., _footstep, track_: acc. sg. l\u00e2st, 132, 972, 2165; on l\u00e2st\n(_on the traces of, behind_), 2946; nom. pl. l\u00e2stas, 1403; acc. pl. l\u00e2stas,\n842.--Comp.: f\u00ea\u00f0e-, feorh-, f\u00f4t-, wr\u00e4c-l\u00e2st.\n\nl\u00e4ger. See leger.\n\nl\u00e2ger-bed, st. n., _bed to lie on_ : instr. sg. leger-bedde, 1008.\n\nl\u00e4s, adj., _less_, 1947; \u00fe\u00fd l\u00e4s (_the less_), 487; conjunct, _that not,\nlest_, 1919.\n\nl\u00e4ssa, adj., _less, fewer_: nom. sg. l\u00e4ssa, 1283; acc. sg. m. l\u00e4ssan, 43;\nfem, l\u00e4ssan hw\u00eele, 2572; dat. sg. for l\u00e4ssan (_for less, smaller_), 952.\nSuperl. nom. sg. n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4t l\u00e4sest w\u00e4s hond-gem\u00f4t[a], 2355.\n\nl\u00e4t, adj., _negligent, neglectful_; w. gen.: nom. sg. elnes l\u00e4t, 1530.\n\nl\u00e6dan, w. v. w. acc.: _to lead, guide, bring_: inf. l\u00e6dan, 239; pret. pl.\nl\u00e6ddon, 1160.\n\nfor-1\u00e6dan, _to mislead_: pret. pl. for-l\u00e6ddan, 2440 (?).\n\nge-l\u00e6dan, _lead, bring_: part. pret. ge-l\u00e6ded, 37.\n\nl\u00e6fan, w. v.: 1), _to bequeathe, leave_: imper. sg. \u00fe\u00eenum magum l\u00e6f folc\nand r\u00eece, 1179; pret. sg. eaferum l\u00e6fde ... lond and le\u00f3dbyrig, 2471.--2)\n_spare, leave behind_: \u00e2ht cwices l\u00e6fan (_to spare aught living_), 2316.\n\nl\u00e6n-dagas, st. m. pl., _loan-days, transitory days_ (of earthly existence\nas contrasted with the heavenly, unending): acc. pl. l\u00e6n-dagas, 2592; gen.\npl. l\u00e6n-daga, 2342.\n\nl\u00e6ne, adj., _inconstant, perishable, evanescent, given over to death or\ndestruction_: nom. sg., 1755, 3179; acc. sg. of rust-eaten treasures, 3130;\n\u00fe\u00e2s l\u00e6nan gesceaft (_this fleeting life_), 1623; gen. sg. l\u00e6nan l\u00eefes,\n2846.\n\nl\u00e6ran, w. v., _to teach, instruct_: imper. sg. \u00feu \u00fee l\u00e6r be \u00feon (_learn\nthis, take this to heart_), 1723.\n\nge-l\u00e6ran, _to teach, instruct, give instruction_: inf. ic \u00fe\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r m\u00e4g\n... r\u00e6d gel\u00e6ran (_I can give H. good advice about this_), 278; so, 3080;\npret. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 me \u00fe\u00e4t ge-l\u00e6rdon le\u00f3de m\u00eene (_gave me the advice_), 415.\n\nl\u00e6stan, w. v.: 1) _to follow, to sustain, serve_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t him se l\u00eec-homa\nl\u00e6stan nolde (_that his body would not sustain him_), 813.--2) _perform_:\nimper. l\u00e6st eall tela (_do all well_), 2664.\n\nge-l\u00e6stan: 1) _to follow, serve_: pret. sg. (sweord) \u00fe\u00e4t mec \u00e6r and oft\ngel\u00e6ste, 2501.--2) _to fulfil, grant_: subj. pres. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t ... wilges\u00ee\u00f0as,\n\u00feonne w\u00eeg cume, le\u00f3de gel\u00e6stan (_render war service_), 24; inf. ic \u00fee sceal\nm\u00eene gel\u00e6stan fre\u00f3de (_shall grant thee my friendship, be grateful_), 1707;\npret. sg. be\u00f3t ... gel\u00e6ste (_fulfilled his boast_), 524; gel\u00e6ste sw\u00e2 (_kept\nhis word_), 2991; pres. part. h\u00e4fde E\u00e1st-Denum ... gilp gel\u00e6sted (_had\nfulfilled for the East Danes his boast_), 830.\n\nl\u00e6tan, st. v., _to let, allow_, w. acc. and inf.: pres. sg. III. l\u00e6te\u00f0,\n1729; imper. pl. II. l\u00e6ta\u00f0, 397; sg. II. l\u00e6t, 1489; pret. sg. l\u00eat, 2390,\n2551, 2978, 3151(?); pret. pl. l\u00eaton, 48, 865, 3133; subj. pret. sg. II.\nl\u00eate, 1997; sg. III. l\u00eate, 3083.\n\n\u00e2-l\u00e6tan: 1) _to let, allow_: subj. pres. sg. II. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu ne \u00e2l\u00e6te ... d\u00f4m\nge-dre\u00f3san, 2666.--2) _to leave, lay aside_: inf. \u00e2l\u00e6tan l\u00e6n-dagas (_die_)\n2592; so, \u00e2l\u00e6tan l\u00eef and le\u00f3dscipe, 2751.\n\nfor-l\u00e6tan: 1) _to let, permit_, w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg. for-l\u00eat, 971;\npret. pl. for-l\u00eaton, 3168. Also with inf. omitted: inf. nolde eorla hle\u00f3\n... \u00feone cwealmcuman cwicne (i.e. wesan) forl\u00e6tan (_would not let the\nmurderous spirit go alive_), 793.--2) _to leave behind, leave_: pret. sg.\nin \u00feam wong-stede ... \u00fe\u00e6r he hine \u00e6r forl\u00eat (_where he had previously left\nhim_), 2788.\n\nof-l\u00e6tan, _to leave, lay aside_: pres. sg. II. gyf \u00feu \u00e6r \u00feonne he worold\nofl\u00e6test (_leavest the world, diest_), 1184; so pret. sg. ofl\u00eat l\u00eef-dagas\nand \u00fe\u00e2s l\u00e6nan gesceaft, 1623.\n\non-l\u00e6tan, _to release, liberate_: pres. sg. III. \u00feonne forstes bend f\u00e4der\non-l\u00e6te\u00f0 (_as soon as the Father looseth the frost's fetters_), 1610.\n\n\u00e2-lecgan, w. v.: 1) _to lay, lay down_: pret. sg. sy\u00f0\u00f0an hilde-de\u00f3r hond\n\u00e2-legde ... under ge\u00e1pne hr\u00f4f, 835; \u00fe\u00e4t he on Be\u00f3wulfes bearm \u00e2-legde\n(_this_ [the sword] _he laid in B.'s bosom, presented to him_), 2195; pret.\npl. \u00e2-ledon \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00f3fne \u00fee\u00f3den ... on bearm scipes, 34; \u00e2-legdon \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 middes\nm\u00e6rne \u00fee\u00f3den _(laid the mighty prince in the midst_ [of the pyre]),\n3142.--2) _to lay aside, give up_: si\u00f0\u00f0an ... in fen-freo\u00f0o feorh \u00e2-legde\n(_laid down his life, died_), 852; nu se here-w\u00eesa hleahtor \u00e2-legde, gamen\nand gle\u00f3-dre\u00e1m _(now the war-chief has left laughter_, etc.), 3021.\n\nleger, st. n., _couch, bed, lair_: dat. sg. on legere, 3044.\n\nlemian, w. v., _to lame, hinder, oppress_: pret. sg. (for pl.) hine\nsorh-wylmas lemede t\u00f4 lange, 906. MS.\n\nleng. See lang.\n\nlenge, adj., _extending along_ or _to, near_ (of time): nom. sg. neut. ne\nw\u00e4s hit lenge \u00fe\u00e2 gen (_nor was it yet long_), 83.\n\nge-lenge, adj., _extending, reaching to, belonging_: nom. sg. yrfe-weard\n... l\u00eece gelenge (_an heir belonging to one's body_), 2733.\n\nlet, st. m., _place of rest, sojourn?_ in comp. eo-let (_voyage?_).\n\nlettan, w. v., _to hinder_: pret. pl. (acc. pers. and gen. thing), \u00fe\u00e4t\nsy\u00f0\u00f0an n\u00e2 ... brim-l\u00ee\u00f0ende l\u00e2de ne letton (_might no longer hinder\nseafarers from journeying_), 569.\n\n\u00e2-l\u00eadon. See \u00e2-lecgan.\n\nl\u00eag, st. m., _flame, fire_: nom. sg. wonna l\u00eag (_the lurid flame_), 3116;\nsw\u00f4gende l\u00eag, 3146; dat. sg. for dracan l\u00eage, 2550. See l\u00eeg.\n\nl\u00eag-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, flaming dragon_: nom. sg., 3041.\n\n*leahan, le\u00e1n, st. v. w. acc. _to scold, blame_: pres. sg. III. lyh\u00f0, 1049;\npret. sg. l\u00f4g, 1812; pret. pl. l\u00f4gon, 203, 863.\n\nbe-le\u00e1n, _to dissuade, prevent_: inf. ne inc \u00e6nig mon ... bele\u00e1n mihte\nsorhfullne s\u00ee\u00f0 (_no one might dissuade you twain from your difficult\njourney_), 511.\n\nleahtre. See or-leahtre.\n\nle\u00e1f, st. n., _leaf, foliage_: instr. pl. le\u00e1fum, 97.\n\nle\u00e1fnes-word, st. n., _permission, leave_: acc. pl., 245.\n\nle\u00e1n. See leahan.\n\nle\u00e1n, st. n., _reward, compensation_: acc. sg., 114, 952, 1221, 1585, 2392;\ndat. sg. le\u00e1ne, 1022. Often in the pl.: acc. \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00e1n, 2996; dat. \u00feam\nle\u00e1num, 2146; gen. le\u00e1na, 2991.--Comp.: and-, ende-le\u00e1n.\n\nle\u00e2n (for l\u00e6n, O.H.G. l\u00eahan), st. n, _loan_, 1810.\n\nle\u00e1nian, w. v., _to reward, compensate_: pres. sg. I. ic \u00fee \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e fe\u00f3\nle\u00e1nige (_repay thee for the contest with old-time treasures_), 1381; pret.\nsg. me \u00feone w\u00e4l-r\u00e6s wine Scyldinga f\u00e4ttan golde fela le\u00e1node (_the friend\nof the Scyldings rewarded me richly for the combat with plated gold_),\n2103.\n\nle\u00e1s, adj., _false_: nom. pl. le\u00e1se, 253.\n\nle\u00e1s, adj., _deprived of, free from_, w. gen.: nom. sg. dre\u00e1ma le\u00e1s, 851;\ndat. sg. winigea le\u00e1sum, 1665.--Comp.: d\u00f4m-, dre\u00e1m-, ealdor-, feoh-,\nfeormend-, hl\u00e2ford-, s\u00e2wol-, sige-, sorh-, t\u00eer-, \u00fee\u00f3den-, wine-, wyn-le\u00e1s.\n\nle\u00e1sig, adj., _concealing one's self_; in comp. sin-le\u00e1sig(?).\n\nleo\u00f0o-cr\u00e4ft, st. m., _the art of weaving_ or _working in meshes, wire_,\netc.: instr. pl. segn eall-gylden ... gelocen leo\u00f0o-cr\u00e4ftum (_a banner all\nhand-wrought of interlaced gold_), 2770.\n\nleo\u00f0o-syrce, w. f., _shirt of mail (limb-sark)_: acc. sg. locene\nleo\u00f0o-syrcan (_locked linked sark_), 1506; acc. pl. locene leo\u00f0o-syrcan,\n1891.\n\nleomum. See lim.\n\nleornian, w. v., _to learn, devise, plan_: pret. him \u00fe\u00e4s g\u00fb\u00f0-cyning ...\nwr\u00e4ce leornode (_the war-king planned vengeance therefor_), 2337.\n\nle\u00f3d, st. m., _prince_: nom. sg., 341, 348, 670, 830, 1433, 1493, 1613,\n1654, etc.; acc. le\u00f3d, 626.\n\nle\u00f3d, st. f., _people_: gen. sg. le\u00f3de, 597, 600, 697. In pl. indicates\n_individuals, people, kinsmen_: nom. pl. le\u00f3de, 362, 415, 1214, 2126, etc.;\ngum-cynnes Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3de (_people of the race of the Ge\u00e1tas_), 260; acc. pl.\nle\u00f3de, 192, 443, 1337, 1346, etc.; dat. pl. le\u00f3dum, 389, 521, 619, 698,\n906, 1160, etc.; gen. pl. le\u00f3da, 205, 635, 794, 1674, 2034, etc.\n\nle\u00f3d-bealo, st. n., (_mischief, misfortune affecting an entire people_),\n_great, unheard-of calamity_: acc. sg., 1723; gen. pl. le\u00f3d-bealewa, 1947.\n\nle\u00f3d-burh, st. f., _princely castle, stronghold of a ruler, chief city_:\nacc. pl. -byrig, 2472.\n\nle\u00f3d-cyning, st. m., _king of the people_: nom. sg., 54.\n\nle\u00f3d-fruma, w. m., _prince of the people, ruler_: acc. sg. le\u00f3d-fruman,\n2131.\n\nle\u00f3d-gebyrgea, w. m., _protector of the people, prince_: acc. sg.\n-gebyrgean, 269.\n\nle\u00f3d-hryre, st. m., _fall, overthrow, of the prince, ruler_: dat. sg. \u00e4fter\nle\u00f3d-hryre (_after the fall of the king of the Hea\u00f0obeardas_, Fr\u00f4da, cf.\n2051), 2031; gen. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00f3d-hryres (of the fall of Heardred, cf. 2389),\n2392.\n\nle\u00f3d-scea\u00f0a, w. m., _injurer of the people_: dat. sg. \u00feam le\u00f3d-scea\u00f0an,\n2094.\n\nle\u00f3d-scipe, st. m., _the whole nation, people_: acc. sg., 2752; dat. sg. on\n\u00feam le\u00f3d-scipe, 2198.\n\nle\u00f3\u00f0, st. n., _song, lay_: nom. sg., 1160.--Comp.: fyrd-, gryre-, g\u00fb\u00f0-,\nsorh-le\u00f3\u00f0.\n\nle\u00f3f, adj., _lief, dear_: nom. sg., 31, 54, 203, 511, 521, 1877, 2468; weak\nform m., le\u00f3fa, 1217, 1484, 1855, 2664; acc. sg. m. le\u00f3fne, 34, 297, 619,\n1944, 2128, 3109, 3143; gen. sg. le\u00f3fes (m.), 1995, 2081, 2898; (neut.),\n1062, 2911; dat. pl. le\u00f3fum, 1074; gen. pl. le\u00f3fra, 1916. Compar. nom. sg.\nneut. le\u00f3fre, 2652. Superl. nom. sg. m. le\u00f3fost, 1297; acc. sg. \u00feone\nle\u00f3festan, 2824.\n\nle\u00f3fl\u00eec, _dear, precious, valued_: nom. sg. m. le\u00f3fl\u00eec lind-w\u00eega, 2604;\nacc. sg. neut. le\u00f3fl\u00eec \u00eeren, 1810.\n\nle\u00f3gan, st. v., _to lie, belie, deceive_. subj. pres. n\u00e4fne him his wlite\nle\u00f3ge (_unless his looks belie him_), 250; pret. sg. he ne le\u00e1g fela wyrda\nne worda, 3030.\n\n\u00e2-le\u00f3gan, _to deceive, leave unfulfilled_: pret. sg. he be\u00f3t ne \u00e2-l\u00eah (_he\nleft not his promise unfulfilled_), 80.\n\nge-le\u00f3gan, _to deceive, betray_: pret. sg. him se\u00f3 w\u00ean gele\u00e1h (_hope\ndeceived him_), 2324.\n\nle\u00f3ht, st. n., _light, brilliance_: nom. sg., 569, 728, 1751 (?); acc. sg.\nsunnan le\u00f3ht, 649; godes le\u00f3ht gece\u00e1s (_chose God's light, died_), 2470;\ndat. sg. t\u00f4 le\u00f3hte, 95.--Comp.: \u00e6fen-, f\u00fdr-, morgen-le\u00f3ht.\n\nle\u00f3ht, adj., _luminous, bright_: instr. sg. le\u00f3htan sweorde, 2493.\n\nle\u00f3ma, w. m.: 1) _light, splendor_: nom. sg., 311, 2770; acc. sg. le\u00f3man,\n1518; sunnan and m\u00f4nan le\u00f3man (_light of sun and moon_), 95.--2) (as beadu-\nand hilde-le\u00f3ma), _the glittering sword_: nom. sg. lixte se le\u00f3ma (_the\nblade-gleam flashed_), 1571.\n\nle\u00f3san, st. v., = amitti, in\n\nbe-le\u00f3san, _to deprive, be deprived of_: pres. part. (he\u00f3) wear\u00f0 beloren\nle\u00f3fum bearnum and br\u00f4\u00f0rum (_was deprived of her dear children and\nbrethren_), 1074.\n\nfor-le\u00f3san, with dat. instr., _to lose something_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r he d\u00f4me\nfor-le\u00e1s, ellen-m\u00e6r\u00f0um (_there lost he the glory, the repute, of his heroic\ndeeds_), 1471; pret. sg. for pl. \u00fe\u00e2m \u00fee \u00e6r his elne for-le\u00e1s (_to him who,\nbefore, had lost his valor_), 2862; part. pret. nealles ic \u00fe\u00e2m le\u00e1num\nfor-loren h\u00e4fde (_not at all had I lost the rewards_), 2146.\n\nlibban, w. v., _to live, be, exist_: pres. sing. III. lifa\u00f0, 3169; lyfa\u00f0,\n945; leofa\u00f0, 975, 1367, 2009; subj. pres. sg. II. lifige, 1225; pres. part.\nlifigende, 816, 1954, 1974, 2063; dat. sg. be \u00fee lifigendum (_in thy\nlifetime_), 2666; pret. sg. lifde, 57, 1258; lyfde, 2145; pret. pl. lifdon,\n99. See unlifigende.\n\nlicgan, st. v.: 1) _to lie, lie down_ or _low_: pres. sg. nu se\u00f3 hand lige\u00f0\n(_now the hand lies low_), 1344; nu se wyrm lige\u00f0, 2746, so 2904; inf.\nlicgan, 3130; licgean, 967, 3083; pret. sg. l\u00e4g, 40, 552, 2078; sy\u00f0\u00f0an\nHeardr\u00ead l\u00e4g (_after Heardr\u00ead had fallen_), 2389; pret. pl. l\u00e2gon, 3049;\nl\u00e6gon, 566.--2) _to lie prostrate, rest, fail_: pret. sg. n\u00e6fre on \u00f4re l\u00e4g\nw\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0es w\u00eeg (_never failed the far-famed one's valor at the front_),\n1042; sy\u00f0\u00f0an wi\u00f0er-gyld l\u00e4g (_after vengeance failed_, or, _when Withergyld\nlay dead_, if _W._ is a proper name), 2052.\n\n\u00e2-licgan, _to succumb, fail, yield_: inf. 2887; pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t his d\u00f4m \u00e2-l\u00e4g\n(_that its power failed it_), 1529.\n\nge-licgan, _to rest, lie still_: pret. sg. wind-blond gel\u00e4g, 3147.\n\nlida, w. m., _boat, ship_ (as in motion); in comp.: sund-, \u00fd\u00f0-lida.\n\nlid-man, st. m., _seafarer, sailor_: gen. pl. lid-manna, 1624.\n\nlim, st. n., _limb, branch_: instr. pl. leomum, 97.\n\nlimpan, st. v., _to happen, befall_ (well or ill); impers. w. dat. pret.\nsg. h\u00fb lomp e\u00f3w on l\u00e2de (_how went it with you on the journey?_), 1988.\n\n\u00e2-limpan, _to come about, offer itself_: pret. sg. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00e6l \u00e2-lamp (_till\nthe opportunity presented itself_), 623; pret. part, \u00fe\u00e2 him \u00e2-lumpen w\u00e4s\nwistfylle w\u00ean (_since a hope of a full meal had befallen him_), 734.\n\nbe-limpan, _to happen to, befall_: pret. sg. him si\u00f3 s\u00e2r belamp, 2469.\n\nge-limpan, _to happen, occur, turn out_: pres. sg. III. hit eft gelimpe\u00f0\n\u00fe\u00e4t..., 1754; subj. pres. \u00feisse ans\u00fdne alwealdan \u00feanc lungre gelimpe\n(_thanks to the Almighty forthwith for this sight!_), 930; pret. sg. him on\nfyrste gelamp \u00fe\u00e4t..., 76; sw\u00e2 him ful-oft gelamp (_as often happened to\nthem_), 1253; \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee hire se willa gelamp \u00fe\u00e4t ... (_because her wish had\nbeen fulfilled_), 627; fr\u00f4for eft gelamp s\u00e2rig-m\u00f4dum, 2942; subj. pret. gif\nhim \u00feysl\u00eecu \u00feearf gelumpe, 2638; pret. part. Denum eallum wear\u00f0 ... willa\ngelumpen, 825.\n\nlind, st. f. (properly _linden_; here, a a wooden shield covered with\nlinden-bark or pith): nom. sg., 2342; acc. sg. geolwe linde, 2611; acc. pl.\nlinde, 2366.\n\nlind-gestealla, w. m., _shield-comrade, war-comrade_: nom. sg., 1974.\n\nlind-h\u00e4bbend, pres. part., _provided with a shield_, i.e. warrior: nom. pl.\n-h\u00e4bbende, 245; gen. pl. h\u00e4bbendra, 1403.\n\nlind-plega, w. m., _shield-play_, i.e. battle: dat. sg. lind-plegan, 1074,\n2040.\n\nlind-w\u00eega, w. m., _shield-fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 2604.\n\nlinnan, st. v., _to depart, be deprived of_: inf. aldre linnan (_depart\nfrom life_), 1479; ealdres linnan, 2444.\n\nlis, st. f., _favor, affection_: gen. pl. eall ... lissa, 2151.\n\nlist, st. m., _art, skill, cleverness, cunning_: dat. pl. adverbial, listum\n(_cunningly_), 782.\n\nlixan, w. v., _to shine, flash_: pret. sg. lixte, 311, 485, 1571.\n\nl\u00eec, st. n.: 1) _body, corpse_: nom. sg., 967; acc. sg. l\u00eec, 2081; \u00fe\u00e4t l\u00eec\n(_the body, corpse_), 2128; dat. sg. l\u00eece, 734, 1504, 2424, 2572, 2733,\n2744; gen. sg. l\u00eeces, 451, 1123.-- 2) _form, figure_: in comp. eofor-,\nsw\u00een-l\u00eec.\n\nge-l\u00eec, adj., _like, similar_: nom. pl. m. ge-l\u00eece, 2165. Superl.\nge-l\u00eecost, 218, 728, 986, 1609.\n\nl\u00eec-hama, -homa, w. m. _(body-home, garment), body_: nom. sg. l\u00eec-homa,\n813, 1008, 1755; acc. sg. l\u00eec-haman, 2652; dat. sg. l\u00eec-haman, 3179.\n\nl\u00eecian, w. v., _to please, like_ (impers.): pres. sg. III. me \u00fe\u00een m\u00f4d-sefa\nl\u00eeca\u00f0 leng sw\u00e2 wel, 1855; pret. pl. \u00feam w\u00eefe \u00fe\u00e2 word wel l\u00eecodon, 640.\n\nl\u00eecnes. See on-l\u00eecnes.\n\nl\u00eec-s\u00e2r, st. n., _bodily pain_: acc. sg. l\u00eec-s\u00e2r, 816.\n\nl\u00eec-syrce, w. f., _body-sark, shirt of mail covering the body_: nom. sg.,\n550.\n\n1\u00ee\u00f0an, st. v., _to move, go_: pres. part. nom. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 l\u00ee\u00f0ende (_navigantes,\nsailors_), 221; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s sund liden (_the water was then traversed_),\n223.--Comp.: he\u00e1\u00f0u-, mere-, w\u00e6g-l\u00ee\u00f0end.\n\nl\u00ee\u00f0e (O.H.G. lindi), adj., _gentle, mild, friendly_: nom. sg. w. instr.\ngen. l\u00e2ra l\u00ee\u00f0e, 1221. Superl. nom. sg. l\u00ee\u00f0ost, 3184.\n\nli\u00f0-w\u00e6ge, st. n., _can in which l\u00ee\u00f0_ (a wine-like, foaming drink) _is\ncontained_: acc. sg., 1983.\n\nl\u00eef, st. n., _life_: acc. sg. l\u00eef, 97, 734, 1537, 2424, 2744, 2752; dat.\nsg. l\u00eefe, 2572; t\u00f4 l\u00eefe (_in one's life, ever_) 2433; gen. sg. l\u00eefes, 197,\n791, 807, 2824, 2846; worolde l\u00eefes (_of the earthly life_), 1388,\n2344.--Comp. edw\u00eet-l\u00eef.\n\nl\u00eef-bysig, adj. _(striving for life or death), weary of life, in torment of\ndeath_: nom. sg., 967.\n\nl\u00eef-dagas, st. m. pl., _lifetime_: acc.-dagas, 794, 1623.\n\nl\u00eef-fre\u00e1, w. m., _lord of life, God_: nom. sg., 16.\n\nl\u00eef-ged\u00e2l, st. n., _separation from life_: nom. sg., 842.\n\nl\u00eef-gesceaft, st. f., _fate, destiny_: gen. pl.-gesceafta, 1954, 3065.\n\nl\u00eef-wra\u00f0u, st. f., _protection for one's life, safety_: acc. sg. l\u00eef-wra\u00f0e,\n2878; dat. sg. t\u00f4 l\u00eef-wra\u00f0e, 972.\n\nl\u00eef-wyn, st. f., _pleasure, enjoyment, joy_ (of life): gen. pl. l\u00eef-wynna,\n2098.\n\nl\u00eeg, st. m. n., _flame, fire_: nom. sg., 1123; dat. instr. sg. l\u00eege, 728,\n2306, 2322, 2342; gen. sg. l\u00eeges, 83, 782. See l\u00eag.\n\nl\u00eeg-draca, w. m., _ fire-drake, flaming dragon_; nom. pl., 2334. See\nl\u00eag-draca.\n\nl\u00eeg-egesa, w. m., _horror arising through fire, flaming terror_: acc. sg.,\n2781.\n\nl\u00eege-torn, st. m., _false, pretended insult_ or _injury, fierce anger_(?):\ndat. sg. \u00e4fter l\u00eege-torne _(on account of a pretended insult?_ or _fierce\nanger?_ cf. Bugge in Zacher's Zeits. 4, 208), 1944.\n\nl\u00eeg-\u00fd\u00f0, st. m., _wave of fire_: instr. pl. l\u00eeg-\u00fd\u00f0um, 2673.\n\nle\u00f3n, st. v., _to lend_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t him on \u00feearfe l\u00e2h \u00feyle Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res\n(_which H.'s spokesman lent him in need_), 1457.\n\non-le\u00f3on, _to lend, grant as a loan_, with gen. of thing and dat. pers.:\npret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 he \u00fe\u00e4s w\u00e6pnes on-l\u00e2h s\u00ealran sweord-frecan, 1468.\n\nloca, w. m., _bolt, lock_: in comp. b\u00e2n-, burh-loca.\n\nlocen. See l\u00fbcan.\n\nlond, long. See land, lang.\n\nlof, st. m. n., _praise, repute_: acc. sg. lof, 1537.\n\nlof-d\u00e6d, st. f., _deed of praise_: instr. pl. lof-d\u00e6dum, 24.\n\nlof-georn, adj., _eager for praise, ambitious_: superl. nom. sg.\nlof-geornost, 3184.\n\nloga, w. m., _liar_; in comp. tre\u00f3w-loga.\n\nlosian, w. v., _to escape, flee_: pres. sg. III. losa\u00f0, 1393, 2063; pret.\nsg. he on weg losade (_fled away_), 2097.\n\nl\u00f4cian, w. v., _to see, look at_: pres. sg. II. s\u00e6-l\u00e2c ... \u00fee \u00feu her t\u00f4\nl\u00f4cast (_booty of the sea that thou lookest on_), 1655.\n\nge-l\u00f4me, adv., _often, frequently_, 559.\n\nlufe, w. f., _love_: in comp. he\u00e1h-, m\u00f4d-, w\u00eef-lufe.\n\nlufa (cf. and-leofa, big-leofa, _nourishment_), w. m., _food, subsistence;\nproperty, real estate_: acc. sg. on lufan (_on possessions_), 1729.--Comp.\neard-lufa.\n\nlufen, st. f. (cf. lufa), _subsistence, food; real estate, (enjoyment?)_:\nnom. sg. lufen (parallel with \u00ea\u00f0el-wyn), 2887.\n\nluf-t\u00e2cen, st. n., _love-token_: acc. pl. luf-t\u00e2cen, 1864.\n\nlufian, w. v., _to love, serve affectionately_: pret. sg. III. lufode \u00fe\u00e2\nle\u00f3de (_was on affectionate terms with the people_), 1983.\n\nlungre, adv.: 1) _hastily, quickly, forthwith_, 930, 1631, 2311, 2744.--2)\n_quite, very, fully_: fe\u00f3wer mearas lungre gel\u00eece (_four horses quite\nalike_), 2165.\n\nlust, st. m., _pleasure, joy_: dat. pl. adv. lustum (_joyfully_), 1654; so,\non lust, 619, cf. 600.\n\nl\u00fbcan, st. v., _to twist, wind, lock, interweave_: pret. part. acc. sg. and\npl. locene leo\u00f0o-syrcan (_shirt of mail wrought of meshes or rings\ninterlocked_), 1506, 1891; gen. pl. locenra be\u00e1ga (_rings wrought of gold\nwire_), 2996.\n\nbe-l\u00fbcan: 1) _to shut, close in or around_: pret. sg. winter \u00fd\u00f0e be-le\u00e1c\n\u00ees-gebinde (_winter locked the waves with icy bond_), 1133.-- 2) _to shut\nin, off, preserve, protect_: pret. sg. I. hig w\u00eege bele\u00e1c manegum m\u00e6g\u00f0a (_I\nshut them in, protected them, from war arising from many a tribe_), 1771.\nCf. me w\u00eege bel\u00fbc wr\u00e2\u00f0um fe\u00f3ndum (_protect me against mine enemies_), Ps.\n34, 3.\n\nge-l\u00fbcan, _to unite, link together, make_: pret. part. gelocen, 2770.\n\non-l\u00fbcan, _to unlock, open_: pret. sg. word-hord on-le\u00e1c (_opened the\nword-hoard, treasure of speech_), 259.\n\nt\u00f4-lucan, _(to twist, wrench, in two) to destroy_: inf., 782.\n\nlyft, st. f. (m. n.?), _air_: nom. sg., 1376; dat. sg. \u00e4fter lyfte (_along,\nthrough, the air_), 2833.\n\nlyft-floga, w. m., _air-flier_: nom. sg. (of the dragon), 2316.\n\nlyft-geswenced, pret. part., _urged, hastened on, by the wind_, 1914.\n\nlyft-wyn, st. f., _enjoyment of the air_: acc. sg. lyft-wynne, 3044.\n\nlyh\u00f0. See leahan.\n\nlystan, w. v., _to lust after, long for_: pret. sg. Ge\u00e1t ungemetes wel ...\nrestan lyste(_the Ge\u00e1t_ [Be\u00f3wulf] _longed sorely to rest_), 1794.\n\nlyt, adj. neut. (= parum), _little, very little, few_: lyt eft becwom ...\nh\u00e2mes ni\u00f3san (_few escaped homeward_), 2366; lyt \u00e6nig (_none at all_),\n3130; usually with gen.: wintra lyt, 1928; lyt ... he\u00e1fod-m\u00e2ga, 2151;\nwergendra t\u00f4 lyt (_too few defenders_), 2883; lyt sw\u00eegode n\u00eewra spella (_he\nkept to himself little, none at all, of the new tidings_), 2898; dat. sg.\nlyt manna (_too few of men_), 2837.\n\nlytel, adj., _small, little_: nom. sg. neut. t\u00f4 lytel, 1749; acc. sg. f.\nlytle hw\u00eele (_a little while_), 2031, 2098; lif-wra\u00f0e lytle (_little\nprotection for his life_), 2878.--Comp. un-lytel.\n\nlyt-hw\u00f4n, adv., _little = not at all_: lyt-hw\u00f4n l\u00f4gon, 204.\n\nl\u00fdfe, st. n., _leave, permission, (life?)_: instr. sg. \u00fe\u00eene l\u00fdfe (life,\nMS.), 2132.--Leo. Cf. O.N. leyfi, n., _leave, permission_, in M\u00f6bius'\nGlossary, p. 266.\n\nl\u00fdfan, w. v., (fundamental meaning _to believe, trust_) in\n\n\u00e2-l\u00fdfan, _to allow, grant, entrust_: pret. sg. n\u00e6fre ic \u00e6negum men \u00e6r\n\u00e2l\u00fdfde ... \u00fery\u00f0-\u00e4rn Dena (_never before to any man have I entrusted the\npalace of the Danes_), 656; pret. part. (\u00fe\u00e2 me w\u00e4s) s\u00ee\u00f0 ... \u00e2l\u00fdfed inn\nunder eor\u00f0-weall (_the way in under the wall of earth was allowed me_),\n3090.\n\nge-l\u00fdfan, w. v., _to believe, trust_: 1) w. dat.: inf. \u00fe\u00e6r gel\u00fdfan sceal\ndryhtnes d\u00f4me se \u00fee hine de\u00e1\u00f0 nime\u00f0 (_whomever death carrieth away, shall\nbelieve it to be the judgment of God_, i.e. in the contest between Be\u00f3wulf\nand Grendel), 440.--2) w. acc.: pret. sg. ge\u00f3ce gel\u00fdfde brego Beorht-Dena\n(_believed in, expected, help_, etc.), 609; \u00fe\u00e4t he\u00f3 on \u00e6nigne eorl gel\u00fdfde\nfyrena fr\u00f4fre (_that she at last should expect from any earl comfort, help,\nout of these troubles_), 628; se \u00fee him bealwa t\u00f4 b\u00f4te gel\u00fdfde (_who\ntrusted in him as a help out of evils_), 910; him t\u00f4 anwaldan \u00e2re gel\u00fdfde\n(_relied for himself on the help of God_), 1273.\n\n\u00e2-l\u00fdsan, w. v., _to loose, liberate_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s of \u00fe\u00e4m hr\u00f4ran helm\nand byrne lungre \u00e2-l\u00fdsed (_helm and corselet were straightway loosed from\nhim_), 1631.\n\n\nM\n\nma\u00f0elian, w. v. (sermocinari), _to speak, talk_: pret. sg. ma\u00f0elode, 286,\n348, 360, 371, 405, 456, 499, etc.; ma\u00f0elade, 2426.\n\nmaga, w. m., _son, male descendant, young man_: nom. sg. maga Healfdenes\n(Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 189, 1475, 2144; maga Ecg\u00fee\u00f3wes (Be\u00f3wulf), 2588: maga (Grendel),\n979; se maga geonga (W\u00eegl\u00e2f), 2676; Grendeles maga (_a relative of\nGrendel_), 2007; acc. sg. \u00feone magan, 944.\n\nmagan, v. with pret.-pres. form, _to be able_: pres. sg. I. III. m\u00e4g, 277,\n478, 931, 943, 1485, 1734, etc.; II. meaht \u00feu, 2048; subj. pres. m\u00e6ge,\n2531, 2750; \u00fee\u00e1h ic eal m\u00e6ge (_even though I could_), 681; subj. pl. we\nm\u00e6gen, 2655; pret. sg. meahte, 542, 755, 1131, 1660, 2465, etc.; mihte,\n190, 207, 462, 511, 571, 657, 1509, 2092, 2610; mehte, 1083, 1497, 1516,\n1878; pl. meahton, 649, 942, 1455, 1912, 2374, 3080; mihton, 308, 313,\n2684, 3164; subj. pret. sg. meahte, 243, 763, 2521; pres. sg. m\u00e4g,\nsometimes = licet, _may, can, will_ (fut.), 1366, 1701, 1838, 2865.\n\nmago (Goth. magu-s), st. m., _male, son_: nom. sg. mago Ecgl\u00e2fes (Hunfer\u00f0),\n1466; mago Healfdenes (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 1868, 2012.\n\nmago-dryht, st. f., _troop of young men, band of men_: nom. sg. mago-driht,\n67.\n\nmago-rinc, st. m., _hero, man_ (preeminently): gen. pl. mago-rinca, he\u00e1p,\n731.\n\nmagu-\u00feegn, mago-\u00feegn, st. m., _vassal, war-thane_: nom. sg. 408, 2758; dat.\nsg. magu-\u00feegne, 2080; acc. pl. magu-\u00feegnas, 293; dat. pl. mago-\u00feegnum,\n1481; gen. pl. mago-\u00feegna ... \u00feone s\u00ealestan (_the best of vassals_), 1406.\n\nman, mon, st. m.: 1) _man, human being_: nom. sg. man, 25, 503, 534, 1049,\n1354, 1399, 1535, 1877, etc.; mon, 209, 510, 1561, 1646, 2282, etc.; acc.\nsg. w. mannan, 297, 577, 1944, 2128, 2775; w\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0ne man, 1490; dat. sg.\nmen, 656, 753, 1880; menn, 2190; gen. sg. mannes, 1195 (?), 2081, 2534,\n2542; monnes, 1730; nom. pl. men, 50, 162, 233, 1635, 3167; acc. pl. men,\n69, 337, 1583, 1718; dat. pl. mannum, 3183; gen. pl. manna, 155, 201, 380,\n702, 713, 736, etc.; monna, 1414, 2888.--2) indef. pron. = _one, they,\npeople_ (Germ. _man_): man, 1173, 1176; mon, 2356, 3177.--Comp.: fyrn-,\ngle\u00f3-, gum-, i\u00fa-, lid-, s\u00e6-, w\u00e6pned-man.\n\nman. See munan.\n\nman-cyn, st. n., _mankind_: dat. sg. man-cynne, 110; gen. sg. man-cynnes,\n164, 2182; mon-cynnes, 196, 1956.\n\nman-dre\u00e1m, st. m., _human joy, mundi voluptas_: acc. sg. man-dre\u00e1m, 1265;\ndat. pl. mon-dre\u00e1mum, 1716.\n\nman-dryhten, st. m. (_lord of men_), _ruler of the people, prince, king_:\nnom. sg. man-dryhten, 1979, 2648; mon-drihten, 436; mon-dryhten, 2866; acc.\nsg. mon-dryhten, 2605; dat. sg. man-drihtne, 1230; man-dryhtne, 1250, 2282;\ngen. sg. man-dryhtnes, 2850; mon-dryhtnes, 3150.\n\nge-mang, st. m., _troop, company_: dat. sg. on gemonge (_in the troop_ [of\nthe fourteen Ge\u00e1tas that returned from the sea]), 1644.\n\nmanian, w. v., _to warn, admonish_: pres. sg. III. mana\u00f0 sw\u00e2 and myndga\u00f0\n... s\u00e2rum wordum (_so warneth and remindeth he with bitter words_), 2058.\n\nmanig, monig, adj., _many, many a, much_: 1) adjectively: nom. sg. rinc\nmanig, 399; geong manig (_many a young man_), 855; monig snell\u00eec s\u00e6-rinc,\n690; medu-benc monig, 777; so 839, 909, 919, 1511, 2763, 3023, etc.; acc.\nsg. medo-ful manig, 1016; dat. sg. m. \u00feegne monegum, 1342, 1420; dat. sg.\nf. manigre m\u00e6g\u00f0e, 75; acc. pl. manige men, 337; dat. pl. manegum m\u00e2\u00f0mum,\n2104; monegum m\u00e6g\u00f0um, 5; gen. pl. manigra m\u00eada, 1179.--2) substantively:\nnom. sg. manig, 1861; monig, 858; dat. sg. manegum, 349, 1888; nom. pl.\nmanige, 1024; monige, 2983; acc. pl. monige, 1599; gen. pl. manigra,\n2092.--3) with depend. gen. pl.: dat. manegum m\u00e6g\u00f0a, 1772; monegum fira,\n2002; h\u00e4le\u00f0a monegum bold-\u00e2gendra, 3112; acc. pl. rinca manige, 729;\n(m\u00e2\u00f0m)-\u00e6hta monige, 1614.\n\nmanig-oft, adv., _very often, frequently_, 171 [if manig and oft are to be\nconnected].\n\nman-l\u00eece, adv., _man-like, manly_, 1047.\n\nman-\u00few\u00e6re, adj., _kind, gentle toward men, philanthropic_: nom. sg. superl.\nmon-\u00few\u00e6rust, 3183.\n\nm\u00e2, contracted compar., _more_: with partitive gen., 504, 736, 1056.\n\nm\u00e2\u00f0um, m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um, st. m., _gift, jewel, object of value_: acc. sg. m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um,\n169, 1053, 2056, 3017; dat. instr. sg. m\u00e2\u00f0me, 1529, 1903; nom. pl. m\u00e2\u00f0mas,\n1861; acc. pl. m\u00e2dmas, 385, 472, 1028, 1483, 1757, 1868, etc.; dat. instr.\npl. m\u00e2\u00f0mum, m\u00e2dmum, 1049, 1899, 2104, 2789; gen. pl. m\u00e2\u00f0ma, 1785, 2144,\n2167, etc.; m\u00e2dma, 36, 41.--Comp.: dryht-, gold-, hord-, ofer-, sinc-,\nwundor-m\u00e2\u00f0um.\n\nm\u00e2\u00f0m-\u00e6ht, st. f., _treasure in jewels, costly objects_: gen. pl. m\u00e2\u00f0m-\u00e6hta,\n1614, 2834.\n\nm\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-f\u00e4t, st. n., _treasure-casket_ or _cup, costly vessel_: nom. sg.,\n2406.\n\nm\u00e2\u00f0m-gestre\u00f3n, st. n., _precious jewel_: gen. pl. m\u00e2\u00f0m-gestre\u00f3na, 1932.\n\nm\u00e2\u00f0um-gifu, st. f., _gift of valuable objects, largess of treasure_: dat.\nsg. \u00e4fter m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-gife, 1302.\n\nm\u00e2\u00f0um-sigl, st. n., _costly, sun-shaped ornament, valuable decoration_:\ngen. pl. m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-sigla, 2758.\n\nm\u00e2\u00f0um-sweord, st. n., _costly sword_ (inlaid with gold and jewels): acc.\nsg., 1024.\n\nm\u00e2\u00f0um-wela, w. m., _wealth of jewels, valuables_:: dat. sg.\n\u00e4fter-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-welan (_after the sight of the wealth of jewels_), 2751.\n\nm\u00e2gas. See m\u00e6g.\n\nm\u00e2ge, w. f., _female relative_: gen. sg. Grendles m\u00e2gan (_mother_), 1392.\n\nm\u00e2n, st. n., _crime, misdeed_: instr. sg. m\u00e2ne, 110, 979; adv.,\n_criminally_, 1056.\n\nm\u00e2n-for-d\u00e6dla, w. m., _evil-doer, criminal_: nom. pl. m\u00e2n-for-d\u00e6dlan, 563.\n\nm\u00e2n-sca\u00f0a, w. m., _mischievous, hurtful foe, hostis nefastus_: nom. sg.\n713, 738, 1340; m\u00e2n-scea\u00f0a, 2515.\n\nm\u00e2ra (comp. of micel), adj., _greater, stronger, mightier_: nom. sg. m.\nm\u00e2ra, 1354, 2556; neut. m\u00e2re, 1561; acc. sg. m. m\u00e2ran, 2017; mund-gripe\nm\u00e2ran (_a mightier hand-grip_), 754; with following gen. pl. m\u00e2ran ...\neorla (_a more powerful earl_), 247; fem. m\u00e2ran, 533, 1012; neut. m\u00e2re,\n518; with gen. pl. mor\u00f0-beala m\u00e2re _(more, greater, deeds of murder_), 136;\ngen. sg. f. m\u00e2ran, 1824.\n\nm\u00e6st (superl. of micel, m\u00e2ra), _greatest, strongest_: nom. sg. neut. (with\npartitive gen.), m\u00e6st, 78, 193; fem. m\u00e6st, 2329; acc. sg. fem. f\u00e6h\u00f0e m\u00e6ste,\n459; m\u00e6ste ... worolde wynne (_the highest earthly pleasure_), 1080; neut.\nn. (with partitive gen.) m\u00e6st m\u00e6r\u00f0a, 2646; hond-wundra m\u00e6st, 2769; b\u00e6l-f\u00fdra\nm\u00e6st, 3144; instr. sg. m. m\u00e6ste cr\u00e4fte, 2182.\n\nm\u00e4cg. See mecg.\n\nm\u00e4g\u00f0, st. f., _wife, maid, woman_: nom. sg., 3017; gen. pl. m\u00e4g\u00f0a h\u00f4se\n(_accompanied by her maids of honor_), 925; m\u00e4g\u00f0a, 944, 1284.\n\nm\u00e4gen, st. n.: 1) _might, bodily strength, heroic power_: acc. sg. m\u00e4gen,\n518, 1707; instr. sg. m\u00e4gene, 780(?), 2668; gen. sg. m\u00e4genes, 418, 1271,\n1535, 1717, etc.; m\u00e4gnes, 671, 1762; m\u00e4genes strang, strengest (_great in\nstrength_), 1845, 196; m\u00e4genes r\u00f4f (id.), 2085.--2) _prime, flower_ (of a\nnation), _forces available in war_: acc. sg. sw\u00e2 he oft (i.e. etan) dyde\nm\u00e4gen Hr\u00ea\u00f0manna (_the best of the Hre\u00f0men_), 445; gen. sg. wi\u00f0 manna hwone\nm\u00e4genes Deniga (_from(?) any of the men of the Danes_), 155.--Comp.\nofer-m\u00e4gen.\n\nm\u00e4gen-\u00e2gend, pres. part., _having great strength, valiant_: gen. pl.\n-\u00e2gendra, 2838.\n\nm\u00e4gen-byr\u00f0en, st. f., _huge burthen_: acc. sg. m\u00e4gen-byr\u00f0enne, 3092; dat.\n(instr.) sg., 1626.\n\nm\u00e4gen-cr\u00e4ft, st. m., _great, hero-like, strength_: acc. sg., 380.\n\nm\u00e4gen-ellen, st. n. (the same), acc. sg., 660.\n\nm\u00e4gen-fultum, st. m., _material aid_: gen. pl. n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feonne m\u00e6tost\nm\u00e4gen-fultuma (_that was not the least of strong helps_, i.e. the sword\nHrunting), 1456.\n\nm\u00e4gen-r\u00e6s, st. m., _mighty attack, onslaught_: acc. sg., 1520.\n\nm\u00e4gen-strengo, st. f., _main strength, heroic power_: acc. sg., 2679.\n\nm\u00e4gen-wudu, st. m., _might-wood_, i.e. the spear, lance: acc. sg., 236.\n\nm\u00e4st, st. m., _mast_: nom. sg., 1899; dat. sg. be m\u00e4ste (_beside the\nmast_), 36; _to the mast_, 1906.\n\nm\u00e6\u00f0um. See m\u00e2\u00f0um, hyge-m\u00e6\u00f0um.\n\nm\u00e6g, st. m., _kinsman by blood_: nom. sg. m\u00e6g, 408, 738, 759, 814, 915,\n1531, 1945, etc; (_brother_), 468, 2605? acc. sg. m\u00e6g (_son_), 1340;\n(_brother_), 2440, 2485, 2983; dat. sg. m\u00e6ge, 1979; gen. sg. m\u00e6ges, 2629,\n2676, 2699, 2880; nom. pl. m\u00e2gas, 1016; acc. pl. m\u00e2gas, 2816; dat. pl.\nm\u00e2gum, 1179, 2615, 3066; (_to brothers_), 1168; m\u00e6gum, 2354; gen. pl. m\u00e2ga,\n247, 1080, 1854, 2007, 2743.--Comp.: f\u00e4deren-, he\u00e1fod-, wine-m\u00e6g.\n\nm\u00e6g-burh, st. f., _borough of blood-kinsmen, entire population united by\nties of blood_; (in wider sense) _race, people, nation_: gen. sg.\nlond-rihtes ... \u00fe\u00e6re m\u00e6g-burge (_of land possessions among the people_,\ni.e. of the Ge\u00e1tas), 2888.\n\nm\u00e6g\u00f0, st. f., _race, people_: acc. sg. m\u00e6g\u00f0e, 1012; dat. sg. m\u00e6g\u00f0e, 75;\ndat. pl. m\u00e6g\u00f0um, 5; gen. pl. m\u00e6g\u00f0a, 25, 1772.\n\nm\u00e6g-wine, st. m., _blood kinsman, friend_, 2480 (nom. pl.).\n\nm\u00e6l, st. n.: l) _time, point of time_: nom. sg. 316; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s s\u00e6l and m\u00e6l\n(_there was_ [appropriate] _chance and time_), 1009; acc. sg. m\u00e6l, 2634;\ninstr. pl. \u00e6rran m\u00e6lum, 908, 2238, 3036; gen. pl. m\u00e6la, 1250; s\u00e6la and\nm\u00e6la, 1612; m\u00e6la gehwylce (_each time, without intermission_), 2058.--2)\n_sword, weapon_: nom. sg. broden (brogden) m\u00e6l (_the drawn sword_), 1617,\n1668 (cf. Grimm, Andreas and Elene, p. 156).--3) _mole, spot,\nmark_.--Comp.: gr\u00e6g-, hring-, scea\u00f0en-, wunden-m\u00e6l.\n\nm\u00e6l-cearu, st. f., _long-continued sorrow, grief_: acc. sg. m\u00e6l-ceare, 189.\n\nm\u00e6l-gesceaft, st. f., _fate, appointed time_: acc. pl. ie on earde b\u00e2d\nm\u00e6l-gesceafta (_awaited the time allotted for me by fate_), 2738.\n\nm\u00e6nan, w. v., with acc. in the sense of (1) _to remember, mention,\nproclaim_: inf. m\u00e6nan, 1068; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s Be\u00f3wulfes m\u00e6r\u00f0o m\u00e6ned,\n858.--2) _to mention sorrowfully, mourn_: inf. 3173; pret. sg. gioh\u00f0o m\u00e6nde\n(_mourned sorrowfully_), 2268; pret. pl. m\u00e6ndon, 1150, 3150.\n\nge-m\u00e6nan (see m\u00e2n), w. v. with acc., _to injure maliciously, break_: subj.\npret. pl. ge-m\u00e6nden, 1102.\n\nge-m\u00e6ne, adj., _common, in common_: nom. sg. gem\u00e6ne, 2474; \u00fe\u00e6r unc hw\u00eele\nw\u00e4s hand gem\u00e6ne (i.e. in battle), 2138; sceal \u00fbrum \u00fe\u00e4t sweord and helm b\u00e2m\ngem\u00e6ne (i.e. wesan), 2661; nom. pl. gem\u00e6ne, 1861; dat. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2m folcum\nsceal ... sib gem\u00e6num (attraction for gem\u00e6ne, i.e. wesan), 1858; gen. pl.\nunc sceal (i.e. wesan) fela m\u00e2\u00f0ma gem\u00e6nra (_we two shall share many\ntreasures together_), 1785.\n\nm\u00e6r\u00f0u, st. f.: 1) _glory, a heroes fame_: nom. sg. 858; acc. sg. m\u00e6r\u00f0o,\n660, 688; acc. pl. m\u00e6r\u00f0a, 2997; instr. pl. m\u00e6r\u00f0um (_gloriously_), 2515:\ngen. pl. m\u00e6r\u00f0a, 504, 1531.--2) _deed of glory, heroism_: acc. sg. m\u00e6r\u00f0o,\n2135; gen. pl. m\u00e6r\u00f0a, 408, 2646.--Comp. ellen-m\u00e6r\u00f0u.\n\nm\u00e6re, adj., _memorable; celebrated, noble; well known, notorious_: nom. sg.\nm. m\u00e6re, 103, 129, 1716, 1762; se m\u00e6ra, 763, 2012, 2588; also as vocative\nm. se m\u00e6ra, 1475; nom. fem. m\u00e6ru, 2017; m\u00e6re, 1953; neut. m\u00e6re, 2406; acc.\nsg. m. m\u00e6rne, 36, 201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2789, 3099; neut. m\u00e6re, 1024;\ndat. sg. m\u00e6rum, 345, 1302, 1993, 2080, 2573; t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4m m\u00e6ran, 270; gen. sg.\nm\u00e6res, 798; m\u00e6ran, 1730; nom. pl. m\u00e6re, 3071; superl. m\u00e6rost, 899,--Comp.:\nfore-, hea\u00f0o-m\u00e6re.\n\nm\u00e6st. See m\u00e2ra.\n\nm\u00e6te, adj., _moderate, small_: superl. nom. sg. m\u00e6tost, 1456.\n\nmecg, m\u00e4cg, st. m., _son, youth, man_. in comp. hilde-, oret-mecg,\nwr\u00e4c-m\u00e4cg.\n\nmedla. See on-medla.\n\nmedu, st. m., _mead_: acc. sg. medu, 2634; dat. sg. t\u00f4 medo, 605.\n\nmedo-\u00e4rn, st. n., _mead-hall_: acc. sg. medo-\u00e4rn (Heorot), 69.\n\nmedu-benc, st. f., _mead-bench, bench in the mead-hall_: nom. sg.\nmedu-benc, 777; dat. sg. medu-bence, 1053; medo-bence, 1068, 2186;\nmeodu-bence, 1903.\n\nmedu-dre\u00e1m, st. m., _mead-joy, joyous carousing during mead-drinking_: acc.\nsg. 2017.\n\nmedo-ful, st. n., _mead-cup_: acc. sg. 625, 1016.\n\nmedo-heal, st. f., _mead-hall_: nom. sg., 484; dat. sg. meodu-healle, 639.\n\nmedu-scenc, st. m., _mead-can, vessel_: instr. pl. meodu-scencum, 1981.\n\nmedu-seld, st. n., _mead-seat, mead-house_: acc. sg., 3066.\n\nmedo-setl, st. n., _mead-seat upon which one sits mead-drinking_: gen. pl.\nmeodo-setla, 5.\n\nmedo-st\u00eeg, st. f., _mead-road, road to the mead-hall_: acc. sg. medo-st\u00eeg,\n925.\n\nmedo-wang, st. m., _mead-field_ (where the mead-hall stood): acc. pl.\nmedo-wongas, 1644.\n\nme\u00f0el, st. n., _assembly, council_: dat. sg. on me\u00f0le, 1877.\n\nme\u00f0el-stede, st. m., (properly _place of speech, judgment-seat_), here\n_meeting-place, battle-field_ (so, also 425, the battle is conceived under\nthe figure of a parliament or convention): dat. sg. on \u00fe\u00e4m me\u00f0el-stede,\n1083.\n\nme\u00f0el-word, st. n., _words called forth at a discussion; address_: instr.\npl. me\u00f0el-wordum, 236.\n\nmelda, w. m., _finder, informer, betrayer_: gen. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s meldan, 2406.\n\nmeltan, st. v. intrans., _to consume by fire, melt or waste away_: inf.,\n3012; pret. sg. mealt, 2327; pl. multon, 1121.\n\nge-meltan, the same: pret. sg. gemealt, 898, 1609, 1616; ne gemealt him se\nm\u00f4d-sefa (_his courage did not desert him_), 2629.\n\nmen. See man.\n\nmene, st. m., _neck ornament, necklace, collar_: acc. sg., 1200.\n\nmengan, w. v., _to mingle, unite, with_, w. acc. of thing: inf. se \u00fee\nmere-grundas mengan scolde, 1450.\n\nge-mengan, _to mix with, commingle_: pret. part. 849, 1594.\n\nmenigu, st. f., _multitude, many_: nom. and acc. sg. m\u00e2\u00f0ma menigeo\n(_multitude of treasures, presents_), 2144; so, m\u00e4nigo, 41.\n\nmercels, st. m., _mark, aim_: gen. sg. mercelses, 2440.\n\nmere, st. m., _sea, ocean_: nom. sg. se mere, 1363; acc. sg. on mere, 1131,\n1604; on nicera mere, 846; dat. sg. fram mere, 856.\n\nmere-de\u00f3r, st. n., _sea-beast_: acc. sg., 558.\n\nmere-fara, w. m., _seafarer_: gen. sg. mere-faran, 502.\n\nmere-fix, st. m., _sea-fish_: gen. pl. mere-fixa (_the whale_, cf. 540),\n549.\n\nmere-grund, st. m., _sea-bottom_: acc. sg., 2101; acc. pl. mere-grundas,\n1450.\n\nmere-hr\u00e4gl, st. n., _-sea-garment_, i.e., sail: gen. pl. mere-hr\u00e4gla sum,\n1906.\n\nmere-l\u00ee\u00f0end, pres. part., _moving on the sea, sailor_: nom. pl.\nmere-l\u00ee\u00f0ende, 255.\n\nmere-str\u00e6t, st. f., _sea-street, way over the sea_: acc. pl. mere-str\u00e6ta\n514.\n\nmere-strengo, st. f., _sea-power, strength in the sea_: acc. sg., 533.\n\nmere-w\u00eef, st. n., _sea-woman, mer-woman_: acc. sg. (of Grendel's mother),\n1520.\n\nmergen. See morgen.\n\nmet, st. n., _thought, intention_ (cf. metian = meditari): acc. pl. ons\u00e6l\nmeoto, 489 (meaning doubtful; see Bugge, Journal 8, 292; Dietrich, Haupt's\nZeits. 11, 411; K\u00f6rner, Eng. Stud. 2, 251).\n\nge-met, st. n., _an apportioned share; might, power, ability _: nom. sg.\nnis \u00fe\u00e4t ... gemet mannes nefne m\u00een \u00e2nes (_nobody, myself excepted, can do\nthat_), 2534; acc. sg. ofer m\u00een gemet (_beyond my power_), 2880; dat. sg.\nmid gemete, 780.\n\nge-met, adj., _well-measured, meet, good_: nom. sg. sw\u00e2 him gemet \u00feince\n(\u00fe\u00fbhte), (_as seemed meet to him_), 688, 3058. See un-gemete, adv.\n\nmetan, st. v., _to measure, pass over_ or _along_: pret. pl. fealwe str\u00e6te\nmearum m\u00e6ton (_measured the yellow road with their horses_), 918; so, 514,\n1634.\n\nge-metan, the same: pret. sg. medu-st\u00eeg gem\u00e4t.(_measured, walked over, the\nroad to the mead-hall_), 925.\n\nmetod, st. m. (the measuring, arranging) _Creator, God_: nom. sg., 110,\n707, 968, 1058, 2528; sc\u00eer metod, 980; s\u00f4\u00f0 metod, 1612; acc. sg. metod,\n180; dat. sg. metode, 169, 1779; gen. sg. metodes, 671.--Comp. eald-metod.\n\nmetod-sceaft, st. f.: 1) _the Creator's determination, divine purpose,\nfate_: acc. sg. -sceaft, 1078.--2) _the Creators glory_: acc. sg.\nmetod-sceaft se\u00f3n (i.e. die), 1181; dat. sg. t\u00f4 metod-sceafte, 2816.\n\nm\u00eace, st. m., _sword_: nom. sg., 1939; acc. sg. m\u00eace, 2048; br\u00e2dne m\u00eace,\n2979; gen. sg. m\u00eaces, 1766, 1813, 2615, 2940; dat. pl. instr. m\u00eacum, 565;\ngen. pl. m\u00eaca, 2686.--Comp.: beado-, h\u00e4ft-, hilde-m\u00eace.\n\nm\u00ead, st. f., _meed, reward_: acc. sg. m\u00eade, 2135; dat. sg. m\u00eade, 2147; gen.\npl. m\u00eada, 1179.\n\nge-m\u00eade, st. n., _approval, permission_ (Grein): acc. pl. ge-m\u00eadu, 247.\n\nm\u00ea\u00f0e, adj., _tired, exhausted, dejected_: in comp. hyge-, s\u00e6-m\u00ea\u00f0e.\n\nm\u00eatan, w. v., _to meet, find, fall in with_: with acc., pret. pl. sy\u00f0\u00f0an\n\u00c4scheres ... hafelan m\u00eatton, 1422; subj. pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t he ne m\u00eatte ... on\nelran man mundgripe m\u00e2ran (_that he never met, in any other man, with a\nmightier hand-grip_), 752.\n\nge-m\u00eatan, with acc., the same: pret. sg. gem\u00eatte, 758, 2786; pl. n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2\nlong t\u00f4 \u00feon, \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 agl\u00e6cean hy eft gem\u00eatton (_it was not long after that\nthe warriors again met each other_), 2593.\n\nge-m\u00eating, st. f., _meeting, hostile coming together_: nom. sg., 2002.\n\nmeagol, adj., _mighty, immense; formal, solemn_: instr. pl. meaglum wordum,\n1981.\n\nmearc, st. f., _frontier, limit, end_: dat. sg. t\u00f4 mearce (_the end of\nlife_), 2385.--Comp. Weder-mearc, 298.\n\nge-mearc, st. n., _measure, distance_: comp. f\u00f4t-, m\u00eel-ge-mearc.\n\nmearcian, w. v., _to mark, stain_: pres. ind. sg. mearca\u00f0 m\u00f4rhopu (_will\nstain, mark, the moor with the blood of the corpse_), 450.\n\nge-mearcian, the same: pret. part. (Cain) mor\u00f0re gemearcod (_murder-marked_\n[cf. 1 Book Mos. IV. 15]), 1265; sw\u00e2 w\u00e4s on \u00fe\u00e6m scennum ... gemearcod ...\nhw\u00e2m \u00fe\u00e4t sweord geworht w\u00e6re (_engraved for whom the sword had been\nwrought_), 1696.\n\nmearc-stapa, w. m., _march-strider, frontier-haunter_ (applied to Grendel\nand his mother): nom. sg., 103; acc. pl. mearc-stapan, 1349.\n\nmearh, st. m., _horse, steed_: nom. pl. mearas, 2164; acc. pl. mearas, 866,\n1036; dat. pl. inst. mearum, 856, 918; mearum and m\u00e2\u00f0mum, 1049, 1899; gen.\npl. meara and m\u00e2\u00f0ma, 2167.\n\nmearn. See murnan.\n\nmeodu. See medu.\n\nmeoto. See met.\n\nmeotud. See metod.\n\nmeowle, w. f., _maiden_: comp. ge\u00f3-meowle.\n\nmicel, adj., _great, huge, long_ (of time): nom. sg. m., 129, 502; fem.,\n67, 146, 170; neut., 772; acc. sg. m. micelne, 3099; fem, micle, 1779,\n3092; neut. micel, 270, 1168. The comp. m\u00e2re must be supplied before \u00feone\nin: medo-\u00e4rn micel ... (m\u00e2re) \u00feone yldo beam \u00e6fre ge-frunon, 69; instr. sg.\nge-trume micle, 923; micle (_by much, much_); micle le\u00f3fre (_far dearer_),\n2652; efne sw\u00e2 micle (l\u00e4ssa), (_[less] even by so much_), 1284; oftor micle\n(_much oftener_), 1580; dat. sg, weak form miclan, 2850; gen. sg. miclan,\n979. The gen. sg. micles is an adv. = _much, very_: micles wyr\u00f0ne ged\u00f4n\n(_deem worthy of much_, i.e. honor very highly), 2186; t\u00f4 fela micles (_far\ntoo much, many_), 695; acc. pl. micle, 1349. Compar., see m\u00e2ra.\n\nmid, I. prep. w. dat., instr., and acc., signifying pre\u00ebminently _union,\ncommunity, with_, hence: 1) w. dat.: a) _with, in company, community,\nwith_; mid Finne, 1129; mid Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re, 1593; mid scip-herge, 243; mid\nges\u00ee\u00f0um (_with his comrades_), 1314; so, 1318, 1964, 2950, etc.; mid his\nfre\u00f3-drihtne, 2628; mid \u00fe\u00e6m l\u00e2cum (_with the gifts_), 1869; so, 2789, 125;\nmid h\u00e6le (_with good luck!_), 1218; mid b\u00e6le f\u00f4r (_sped off amid fire_),\n2309. The prep. postponed: him mid (_with him, in his company_), 41; _with\nhim_, 1626; ne w\u00e4s him Fitela mid (_was not with him_), 890. b) _with,\namong_: mid Ge\u00e1tum (_among the Ge\u00e1tas_), 195, 2193, 2624; mid Scyldingum,\n274; mid Eotenum, 903; mid yldum (eldum), 77, 2612; mid him (_with, among,\none another_), 2949. In temporal sense: mid \u00e6r-d\u00e4ge (_at dawn_), 126.--2)\n_with, with the help of, through_, w. dat.: mid \u00e2r-stafum (_through his\ngrace_), 317; so, 2379; mid gr\u00e2pe (_with the fist_), 438; so, 1462, 2721;\nmid his hete-\u00feoncum (_through his hatred_), 475; mid sweorde, 574; so,\n1660, 2877; mid gemete (_through, by, his power_), 780; so, 1220, 2536,\n2918; mid g\u00f4de (_with benefits_), 1185; mid hearme (_with harm, insult_),\n1893; mid \u00fe\u00e6re sorge (_with [through?] this sorrow_), 2469; mid rihte (_by\nrights_), 2057. With instr.: mid \u00fe\u00fd w\u00eefe (_through [marriage with] the\nwoman_), 2029.--3) w. acc., _with, in community, company, with_: mid his\neorla gedriht, 357; so, 634, 663, 1673; mid hine, 880; mid m\u00eenne\ngold-gyfan, 2653.\n\nII. adv., mid, _thereamong, in the company_, 1643; _at the same time,\nlikewise_, 1650.\n\nmiddan-geard, st. m., _globe, earth_: acc. sg., 75, 1772; dat. sg. on\nmiddan-gearde, 2997; gen. sg. middan-geardes, 504, 752.\n\nmidde, w. f., _middle = medius_: dat. sg. on middan (_through the middle,\nin two_), 2706; gen. sg. (adv.) t\u00f4-middes (_in the midst_), 3142.\n\nmiddel-niht, st. f., _midnight_: dat. pl. middel-nihtum, 2783, 2834.\n\nmiht, st. f., _might, power, authority_: acc. sg. \u00feurh drihtnes miht\n(_through the Lord's help, power_), 941; instr. pl. selfes mihtum, 701.\n\nmihtig, adj.: 1) _physically strong, powerful_: acc. sg. mihtig mere-de\u00f3r,\n558; mere-w\u00eef mihtig, 1520.--2) _possessing authority, mighty_: nom. sg.\nmihtig god, 702, 1717, 1726; dat. sg. mihtigan drihtne, 1399.--Comp.: \u00e4l-,\nfore-mihtig.\n\nmilde, adj., _kind, gracious, generous_: nom. sg. m\u00f4des milde\n(_kind-hearted_), 1230; instr. pl. mildum wordum (_graciously_), 1173.\nSuperl. nom. sg. worold-cyning mannum mildust (_a king most liberal to\nmen_), 3183.\n\nmilts, st. f., _kindness, benevolence_: nom. sg., 2922.\n\nmissan, w. v. with gen., _to miss, err in_: pret. sg. miste mercelses\n(_missed the mark_), 2440.\n\nmissere, st. n., _space of a semester, half a year_: gen. pl. hund missera\n(_fifty winters_), 2734, 2210; generally, _a long period of time, season_,\n1499, 1770; fela missera, 153, 2621.\n\nmist-hli\u00f0, st. n., _misty cliff, cloud-capped slope_: dat. pl. under\nmist-hleo\u00f0um, 711.\n\nmistig, adj., _misty_: acc. pl. mistige m\u00f4ras, 162.\n\nm\u00eel-gemearc, st. n., _measure by miles_: gen. sg. m\u00eel-gemearces, 1363.\n\nm\u00een: 1) poss. pron., _my, mine_, 255, 345, etc.; Hygel\u00e2c m\u00een (_my lord_, or\n_king, H._), 2435.--2) gen. sg. of pers. pron. ic, _of me_, 2085, 2534,\netc.\n\nmolde, w. f., _dust; earth, field_: in comp. gr\u00e4s-molde.\n\nmon. See man.\n\nge-mong. See ge-mang.\n\nmor\u00f0-bealu, st. n., _murder, deadly hale_ or _deed of murder_: gen. pl.\nmor\u00f0-beala, 136.\n\nmor\u00f0or, st. n., _deed of violence, murder_: dat. instr. sg. mor\u00f0re, 893,\n1265, 2783; gen. sg. mor\u00f0res, 2056; mor\u00f0res scyldig (_guilty of murder_),\n1684.\n\nmor\u00f0or-bed, st. n., _bed of death, murder-bed_: acc. sg. w\u00e4s \u00feam yldestan\n... mor\u00f0or-bed str\u00ead (_a bed of death was spread for the eldest_, i.e.\nthrough murder his death-bed was prepared), 2437.\n\nmor\u00f0or-bealu, st. n., _death-bale, destruction by murder_: acc. sg.\nmor\u00f0or-bealo, 1080, 2743.\n\nmor\u00f0or-hete, st. m., _murderous hate_: gen. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s mor\u00f0or-hetes, 1106.\n\nmorgen, morn, mergen, st. m., _morning, forenoon_; also _morrow_: nom. sg.\nmorgen, 1785, 2125; (_morrow_), 2104; acc. sg. on morgen (_in the\nmorning_), 838; dat. sg. on morgne, 2485; on mergenne, 565, 2940; gen. pl.\nmorna gehwylce (_every morning_), 2451.\n\nmorgen-ceald, adj., _morning-cold, dawn-cold_: nom. sg. g\u00e2r morgen-ceald\n(_spear chilled by the early air of morn_), 3023.\n\nmorgen-lang, adj., _lasting through the morning_: acc. sg. morgen-longne\nd\u00e4g (_the whole forenoon_), 2895.\n\nmorgen-le\u00f3ht, st. n., _morning-light_: nom. sg., 605, 918.\n\nmorgen-sw\u00eag, st. m., _morning-cry, cry at morn_: nom. sg., 129.\n\nmorgen-t\u00eed, st. f., _morning-tide_: acc. sg. on morgen-t\u00eede, 484, 818(?)\n\nmorn. See morgen.\n\nm\u00f4d, st. n.: 1) _heart, soul, spirit, mood, mind, manner of thinking_: nom.\nsg., 50, 731; w\u00e4fre m\u00f4d (_the flicker ing spirit, the fading breath_),\n1151; acc. sg. on m\u00f4d (_into his mind_), 67; dat. instr. sg. m\u00f4de ge\u00feungen\n(_of mature, lofty spirit_), 625; on m\u00f4de (_in heart, mind_), 754, 1845,\n2282? 2528; on hre\u00f3um m\u00f4de (_fierce of spirit_), 2582; gen. sg. modes, 171,\n811, 1707; modes bl\u00ee\u00f0e (_gracious-minded, kindly disposed_), 436; so, m\u00f4des\nmilde, 1230; m\u00f4des se\u00f3ce (_depressed in mind_), 1604.--2) _boldness,\ncourage_: nom. and acc. sg., 1058, 1168. 3) _passion, fierceness_: nom.\nsg., 549.--Comp. form adj.: galg-, ge\u00f4mor-, gl\u00e4d-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, hre\u00f3h-, irre-,\ns\u00e2rig-, st\u00ee\u00f0-, sw\u00ee\u00f0-, w\u00earig-m\u00f4d.\n\nm\u00f4d-cearu, st. f., _grief of heart_: acc. sg. m\u00f4d-ceare, 1993, 3150.\n\nm\u00f4d-gehygd, st. f ., _thought of the heart; mind_: instr. pl. m\u00f4d-gehygdum,\n233\n\nm\u00f4d-ge-\u00feanc, st. n., _mood-thought, meditation_: acc. sg. m\u00f4d-ge-\u00feonc,\n1730.\n\nm\u00f4d-gi\u00f4mor, adj., _grieved at heart, dejected_: nom. sg., 2895.\n\nm\u00f4dig, adj., _courageous_: nom. sg., 605, 1644, 1813, 2758; he \u00fe\u00e4s (\u00fe\u00e4m,\nMS.) m\u00f4dig w\u00e4s (_had the courage for it_), 1509; se m\u00f4dega, 814; dat. sg.\nmid \u00feam m\u00f4digan, 3012; gen. sg. m\u00f4dges, 502; m\u00f4diges, 2699; Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d\ngeorne tr\u00fbwode m\u00f4dgan m\u00e4gnes (_trusted firmly in his bold strength_), 671;\nnom. pl. m\u00f4dge, 856; m\u00f4dige, 1877; gen. pl. m\u00f4digra, 312, 1889.--Comp,\nfela-m\u00f4dig.\n\nm\u00f4dig-l\u00eec, adj., _of bold appearance_: compar. acc. pl. m\u00f4digl\u00eecran, 337.\n\nm\u00f4d-lufe, w. f., _hearts affection, love_: gen. sg. \u00fe\u00eenre m\u00f4d-lufan, 1824.\n\nm\u00f4d-sefa, w. m., _thought of the heart; brave, bold temper; courage_: nom.\nsg., 349, 1854, 2629; acc. sg. m\u00f4d-sefan, 2013; dat. sg. m\u00f4d-sefan, 180.\n\nm\u00f4d-\u00feracu, st. f., _boldness, courage, strength of mind_: dat. sg. for his\nm\u00f4d-\u00fer\u00e4ce, 385.\n\nm\u00f4dor, f., _mother_: nom. sg., 1259, 1277, 1283, 1684, 2119; acc. sg.\nm\u00f4dor, 1539, 2140, 2933.\n\nm\u00f4na, w. m., _moon_: gen. sg. m\u00f4nan, 94.\n\nm\u00f4r, st. m., _moor, morass, swamp_: acc. sg. ofer myrcan m\u00f4r, 1406; dat.\nsg. of m\u00f4re, 711; acc. pl. m\u00f4ras, 103, 162, 1349.\n\nm\u00f4r-hop, st. n., _place of refuge in the moor, hiding-place in the swamp_:\nacc. pl. m\u00f4r-hopu, 450.\n\nge-m\u00f4t, st. n., _meeting_: in comp. hand-, torn-ge-m\u00f4t.\n\nm\u00f4tan, pret.-pres. v.: 1) _power_ or _permission to have something, to be\npermitted; may, can_: pres. sg. I., III. m\u00f4t, 186, 442, 604; II. m\u00f4st,\n1672; pl. m\u00f4ton, 347, 365, 395; pres. subj. ic m\u00f4te, 431; III. se \u00fee m\u00f4te,\n1388; pret sg. m\u00f4ste, 168, 707, 736, 895, 1488, 1999, 2242, 2505, etc.; pl.\nm\u00f4ston, 1629, 1876, 2039, 2125, 2248; pres. subj. sg. II. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu hine\nselfne gese\u00f3n m\u00f4ste (_mightest see_), 962.--2) _shall, must, be obliged_:\npres. sg. m\u00f4t, 2887; pret. sg. m\u00f4ste, 1940; \u00fe\u00e6r he \u00fe\u00fd fyrste forman d\u00f4gore\nwealdan m\u00f4ste, sw\u00e2 him Wyrd ne gescr\u00e2f, hr\u00ea\u00f0 \u00e4t hilde (_if he must for the\nfirst time that day be victorious, as Fate had denied him victory_, cf.\n2681, 2683 seqq.), 2575.\n\nge-munan, pret.-pres. v., _to have in mind, be mindful; remember, think\nof_, w. acc.: pres. sg. hine gearwe geman witena wel-hwylc (_each of the\nknowing ones still remembers him well_), 265; ic \u00fee \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00e1n geman (_I\nshall not forget thy reward for this_), 1221; ic \u00fe\u00e4t eall gemon (_I\nremember all that_), 2428; so, 1702, 2043; gif he \u00fe\u00e4t eall gemon hw\u00e4t ...\n(_if he is mindful of all that which_ ...), 1186; ic \u00fe\u00e4t m\u00e6l gemon hw\u00e6r...\n(_I remember the time when_...), 2634; pret. sg. w. gemunde... \u00e6fen-spr\u00e6ce\n(_recalled his evening speech_), 759; so, 871, 1130, 1260, 1271, 1291,\n2115, 2432, 2607, 2679; se \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00f3d-hryres le\u00e1n ge-munde (_was mindful of\nreward for the fall of the ruler_), 2392; \u00fe\u00e4t he Eotena bearn inne gemunde\n(_that he in this should remember, take vengeance on, the children of the\nEotens_), 1142; so, hond gemunde f\u00e6h\u00f0o gen\u00f4ge (_his hand remembered strife\nenough_), 2490; ne ge-munde mago Ecgl\u00e2fes \u00fe\u00e4t ... (_remembered not that\nwhich_ ...), 1466; pret. pl. helle gemundon in m\u00f4d-sefan (_their thoughts_\n[as heathens] _fixed themselves on, remembered, hell_), 179.\n\non-munan, w. acc. pers. and gen. of thing, _to admonish, exhort_: pret. sg.\nonmunde \u00fbsic m\u00e6r\u00f0a (_exhorted us to deeds of glory_), 2641.\n\nmund, st. f., _hand_: instr. pl. mundum, mid mundum, 236, 514, 1462, 3023,\n3092.\n\nmund-bora, w. m., _protector, guardian, preserver_: nom. sg., 1481, 2780.\n\nmund-gripe, st. m., _hand-grip, seizure_: acc. sg. mund-gripe, 754; dat.\nsg. mund-gripe, 380, 1535; \u00e4fter mund-gripe (_after having seized the\ncriminal_), 1939.\n\nmurnan, st. v., _to shrink from, be afraid of, avoid_: pret. sg. n\u00f4 mearn\nfore f\u00e6h\u00f0e and fyrene, 136; so, 1538; nalles for ealdre mearn (_was not\napprehensive for his life_), 1443.--2) _to mourn, grieve_: pres. part. him\nw\u00e4s ... murnende m\u00f4d, 50; pres. subj., \u00feonne he fela murne (_than that he\nshould mourn much_), 1386.\n\nbe-murnan, be-meornan, with acc., _to mourn over_: pret. be-mearn, 908,\n1078.\n\nmurn-l\u00eece. See un-murn-l\u00eece.\n\nm\u00fb\u00f0-bana, w. m., _mouth-destroyer_: dat. sg. t\u00f4 m\u00fb\u00f0-bonan (of Grendel\nbecause he bit his victim to death), 2080.\n\nm\u00fb\u00f0a, w. m., _mouth, entrance_: acc. sg. recedes m\u00fb\u00f0an (_mouth of the\nhouse, door_), 725.\n\nge-mynd, st. f., _memory, memorial, remembrance_: dat. pl. t\u00f4 gemyndum,\n2805, 3017. See weor\u00f0-mynd.\n\nmyhdgian, w. v., _to call to mind, remember_: pres. sg. myndga\u00f0, 2058;\npres. part. w. gen. gif \u00feonne Fresna hwylc ... \u00fe\u00e4s mor\u00f0or-hetes myndgiend\nw\u00e6re (_were to call to mind the bloody feud_), 1106.\n\nge-myndgian, w. v. w. acc., _to remember_: bi\u00f0 gemyndgad ... eaforan\nellor-s\u00ee\u00f0 (_is reminded of his son's decease_), 2451.\n\nge-myndig, adj., _mindful_: nom. sg. w. gen., 614, 869, 1174, 1531, 2083,\netc.\n\nmyne, st. m.: 1) _mind, wish_: nom. sg., 2573.--2) _love_(?): ne his myne\nwisse (_whose_ [God's] _love he knew not_), 169.\n\nge-mynian, w. v. w. acc., _to be mindful of_: imper. sg. gemyne m\u00e6r\u00f0o! 660.\n\nmyntan, w. v., _to intend, think of, resolve_: pret. sg. mynte ... manna\ncynnes sumne besyrwan (_meant to entrap all_(?) [see sum], _some one of\n(?), the men_), 713; mynte \u00fe\u00e4t he ged\u00e6lde ... (_thought to sever_), 732;\nmynte se m\u00e6ra, \u00fe\u00e6r he meahte sw\u00e2, w\u00eedre gewindan (_intended to flee_), 763.\n\nmyrce, adj., _murky, dark_: acc. sg. ofer myrcan m\u00f4r, 1406.\n\nmyr\u00f0, st. f., _joy, mirth_: dat. (instr.) sg. m\u00f4des myr\u00f0e, 8n.\n\n\nN\n\nnaca, w. m., _vessel, ship_: acc. sg. nacan, 295; gen. sg. nacan,\n214.--Comp.: hring-, \u00fd\u00f0-naca.\n\nnacod, adj., _naked_: nom. and acc. sg. swurd, g\u00fb\u00f0-bill nacod, 539, 2586;\nnacod n\u00ee\u00f0-draca, 2274.\n\nnalas, nales, nallas. See nealles.\n\nnama, w. m., _name_: nom. sg. Be\u00f3wulf is m\u00een nama, 343; w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4m h\u00e4ft-m\u00eace\nHrunting nama, 1458; acc. sg. sc\u00f4p him Heort naman (_gave it the name\nHart_), 78.\n\nn\u00e2 (from ne-\u00e2), strength, negative, _never, not all_, 445, 567, 1537.\n\nn\u00e2h, from ne-\u00e2h. See \u00e2gan.\n\nn\u00e2n (from ne-\u00e2n), indef. pron., _none, no_: with gen. pl. g\u00fb\u00f0-billa n\u00e2n,\n804; adjectively, n\u00e2n ... \u00eeren \u00e6rg\u00f4d, 990.\n\nn\u00e2t, from ne-w\u00e2t: _I know not=nescio_. See witan.\n\nn\u00e2t-hwylc (nescio quis, ne-w\u00e2t-hwylc, _know not who, which_, etc.), indef.\npron., _any, a certain one, some or other_: 1) w. partitive gen.: nom. sg.\ngumena n\u00e2t-hwylc, 2234;. gen. sg. n\u00e2t-hwylces (\u00fe\u00e2ra banena), 2054; ni\u00f0a\nn\u00e2t-hwylces(?), 2216; n\u00e2t-hwylces h\u00e4le\u00f0a bearna, 2225.--2) adjectively:\ndat. sg. in ni\u00f0-sele n\u00e2t-hwylcum, 1514.\n\nn\u00e4bben, from ne-h\u00e4bben (subj. pres.). See habban.\n\nn\u00e4fne. See nefne.\n\nn\u00e4gel, st. m., _nail_: gen. pl. n\u00e4gla (of the finger-nails), 986.\n\nn\u00e4gled, part., _nailed?, nail-like?, buckled?_: acc. sg. neut. n\u00e4gled (MS.\ngled) sinc, 2024.\n\nn\u00e4s, st. m., _naze, rock projecting into the sea, cliff, promontory_: acc.\nsg. n\u00e4s, 1440, 1601, 2899; dat. sg. n\u00e4sse, 2244, 2418; acc. pl. windige\nn\u00e4ssas, 1412; gen. pl. n\u00e4ssa, 1361.\n\nn\u00e4s, from ne-w\u00e4s (_was not_). See wesan.\n\nn\u00e4s, neg. adv., _not, not at all_, 562, 2263.\n\nn\u00e4s-hli\u00f0, st. n., _declivity, slope of a promontory that sinks downward to\nthe sea_: dat. pl. on n\u00e4s-hleo\u00f0um, 1428.\n\nn\u00e6fre, adv., _never_, 247, 583, 592, 656, 719, 1042, 1049, etc.; also\nstrengthened by ne: n\u00e6fre ne, 1461.\n\nge-n\u00e6gan, w. v. w. acc. pers. and gen. of thing, _to attack, press_; pret.\npl. n\u00ee\u00f0a gen\u00e6gdan nefan Herer\u00eeces (_in combats pressed hard upon H.'s\nnephew_), 2207; pret. part. wear\u00f0 ... n\u00ee\u00f0a gen\u00e6ged, 1440.\n\nn\u00e6nig (from ne-\u00e6nig), pron., _not any, none, no_: 1) substantively w. gen.\npl.: nom. sg., 157, 242, 692; dat. sg. n\u00e6negum, 599; gen. pl. n\u00e6nigra,\n950.--2) adjectively: nom. sg. \u00f4\u00f0er n\u00e6nig, 860; n\u00e6nig w\u00e4ter, 1515; n\u00e6nig\n... de\u00f3r, 1934; acc. sg. n\u00e6nigne ... hord-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um, 1199.\n\nn\u00e6re, from ne-w\u00e6re (_were not, would not be_). See wesan.\n\nne, simple neg., _not_, 38, 50, 80, 83, 109, etc.; before imper. ne sorga!\n1385; ne g\u00fdm! 1761, etc. Doubled =_certainly not, not even that_: ne ge ...\ngearwe ne wisson (_ye certainly have not known_, etc.), 245; so, 863; ne ic\n... wihte ne w\u00eane (_nor do I at all in the least expect_), 2923; so, 182.\nStrengthened by other neg.: n\u00f4\u00f0er ... ne, 2125; sw\u00e2 he ne mihte n\u00f4 ... (_so\nthat he absolutely could not_), 1509.\n\nne ... ne, _not ... and not, nor; neither ... nor_, 154-157, 511,\n1083-1085, etc. Another neg. may supply the place of the first ne: so, n\u00f4\n... ne, 575-577, 1026-1028, 1393-1395, etc.; n\u00e6fre ... ne, 583-584; nalles\n... ne, 3016-3017. The neg. may be omitted the first time: \u00e6r ne si\u00f0\u00f0an\n(_neither before nor after, before nor since_), 719; s\u00fb\u00f0 ne nor\u00f0 (_south\nnor north_), 859; \u00e2dl ne yldo (_neither illness nor old age_), 1737; wordum\nne worcum (_neither by word nor deed_), 1101; wiston and ne w\u00eandon (_knew\nnot and weened not_), 1605.\n\nnefa, w. m., _nephew, grandson_: nom. sg. nefa (_grandson_), 1204; so,\n1963; (_nephew_), 2171; acc. sg. nefan (_nephew_), 2207; dat. sg. nefan\n(_nephew_), 882.\n\nnefne, n\u00e4fne, nemne (orig. from ne-gif-ne): 1) subj.: a) with depend.\nclause = _unless_: nefne him witig god wyrd forst\u00f4de (_if fate, the wise\nGod, had not prevented him_), 1057; nefne god sylfa ... sealde (_unless God\nhimself_, etc.), 3055; n\u00e4fne him his wlite le\u00f3ge (MS. n\u00e6fre) (_unless his\nface belie him_), 250; n\u00e4fne he w\u00e4s m\u00e2ra (_except that he was huger_),\n1354; nemne him hea\u00f0o-byrne helpe ge-fremede, 1553; so, 2655.--b) w.\nfollow. substantive = _except, save, only_: nefne sin-fre\u00e1 (_except the\nhusband_), 1935; ic lyt hafo he\u00e1fod-m\u00e2ga nefne Hygel\u00e2c \u00feec (_have no near\nkin but thee_), 2152; nis \u00fe\u00e4t e\u00f3wer (gen. pl.) s\u00ee\u00f0 ... nefne m\u00een \u00e2nes,\n2534.--2) Prep. with dat., _except_: nemne fe\u00e1um \u00e2num, 1082.\n\nge-nehost. See ge-neahhe.\n\nnelle, from ne-wille (_I will not_). See willan.\n\nnemnan, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to name, call_: pres. pl. \u00feone yldestan\noret-mecgas Be\u00f3wulf nemna\u00f0 (_the warriors call the most distinguished one\nBe\u00f3wulf_), 364; so inf. nemnan, 2024; pret. pl. nemdon, 1355.--2) _to\naddress_, as in\n\nbe-nemnan, _to pronounce solemnly, put under a spell_: pret. sg. Fin\nHengeste ... \u00e2\u00f0um be-nemde \u00fe\u00e4t (_asserted, promised under oath that_ ...),\n1098; pret. pl. sw\u00e2 hit \u00f4\u00f0 d\u00f4mes d\u00e4g di\u00f3pe benemdon \u00fee\u00f3dnas m\u00e6re (_put\nunder a curse_), 3070.\n\nnemne. See nefne.\n\nnerian, ge-nerian, w. v., _to save, rescue, liberate_: pres. sg. Wyrd oft\nnere\u00f0 unf\u00e6gne eorl, 573; pret. part. h\u00e4fde ... sele Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res ge-nered wi\u00f0\nn\u00ee\u00f0e (_saved from hostility_), 828.\n\nge-nesan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to remain over, be preserved_: pret. sg.\nhr\u00f4f \u00e2na gen\u00e4s ealles ansund (_the roof alone was quite sound_), 1000.--2)\nw. acc., _to endure successfully, survive, escape from_: pret. sg. se \u00fe\u00e2\ns\u00e4cce ge-n\u00e4s, 1978; fela ic ... g\u00fb\u00f0-r\u00e6sa ge-n\u00e4s, 2427; pret. part. sw\u00e2 he\nn\u00ee\u00f0a gehwane genesen h\u00e4fde, 2398.\n\nnet, st. n., _net_: in comp. bre\u00f3st-, here-, hring-, inwit-, searo-net.\n\nn\u00eadla, w. m., _dire necessity, distress_: in comp. \u00fere\u00e1-n\u00eadla.\n\nn\u00ea\u00f0an (G. nan\u00fejan), w. v., _to venture, undertake boldly_: pres. part.\nnearo n\u00ea\u00f0ende (_encountering peril_), 2351; pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e6r git ... on de\u00f3p\nwater aldrum n\u00ea\u00f0don (_where ye two risked your lives in the deep water_),\n510; so, 538.\n\nge-n\u00ea\u00f0an, the same: inf. ne dorste under \u00fd\u00f0a gewin aldre ge-n\u00ea\u00f0an, 1470.\nWith depend. clause: n\u00e6nig \u00fe\u00e4t dorste gen\u00ea\u00f0an \u00fe\u00e4t (_none durst undertake\nto_ ...), 1934; pret. sg. he under h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n \u00e2na gen\u00ea\u00f0de fr\u00eacne d\u00e6de (_he\nrisked alone the bold deed, venturing under the grey rock_), 889; (ic) w\u00eege\nunder w\u00e4tere weorc gen\u00ea\u00f0de earfo\u00f0-l\u00eece (_I with difficulty stood the work\nunder the water in battle_, i.e. could hardly win the victory), 1657; ic\ngen\u00ea\u00f0de fela g\u00fb\u00f0a (_ventured on, risked, many contests_), 2512; pres. pl.\n(of majesty) we ... fr\u00eacne gen\u00ea\u00f0don eafo\u00f0 unc\u00fb\u00f0es (_we have boldly risked,\ndared, the monster's power_), 961.\n\nn\u00eah. See ne\u00e1h.\n\nge-neahhe, adv., _enough, sufficiently_, 784, 3153; superl. genehost br\u00e4gd\neorl Be\u00f3wulfes ealde l\u00e2fe (_many an earl of B.'s_), 795.\n\nnealles (from ne-ealles), adv., _omnino non, not at all, by no means_:\nnealles, 2146, 2168, 2180, 2223, 2597, etc.; nallas, 1720, 1750; nalles,\n338, 1019, 1077, 1443, 2504, etc.; nalas, 43, 1494, 1530, 1538; nales,\n1812.\n\nnearo, st. n., _strait, danger, distress_: acc. sg. nearo, 2351, 2595.\n\nnearo, adj., _narrow_: acc. pl. f. nearwe, 1410.\n\nnearwe, adv., _narrowly_, 977.\n\nnearo-cr\u00e4ft, st. m., _art of rendering difficult of access?,\ninaccessibility_ (see 2214 seqq.): instr. pl. nearo-cr\u00e4ftum, 2244.\n\nnearo-f\u00e2h, m., _foe that causes distress, war-foe_: gen. sg. nearo-f\u00e2ges,\n2318.\n\nnearo-\u00feearf, st. f., _dire need, distress_: acc. sg. nearo-\u00feearfe, 422.\n\nge-nearwian, w. v., _to drive into a corner, press upon_: pret. part.\ngenearwod, 1439.\n\nne\u00e1h, n\u00eah: 1) adj., _near, nigh_: nom. sg. ne\u00e1h, 1744, 2729. In superl.\nalso = _last_: instr. sg. n\u00fdhstan s\u00ee\u00f0e (_for the last time_), 1204;\nni\u00e9hstan s\u00ee\u00f0e, 2512.\n\n2) adv., _near_: feor and (o\u00f0\u00f0e) ne\u00e1h, 1222, 2871; 3) prep, s\u00e6-grunde ne\u00e1h,\n564; so, 1925, 2243; holm-wylme n\u00eah, 2412. Compar. ne\u00e1r, 746.\n\nne\u00e1n, adv., _near by, (from) close at hand_, 528; (neon, MS.), 3105;\nfeorran and ne\u00e1n, 840; ne\u00e1n and feorran, 1175, 2318.\n\nge-ne\u00e1t, st. m., _comrade, companion_: in comp. be\u00f3d-, heor\u00f0-gene\u00e1t.\n\nnio\u00f0or. See ni\u00f0er.\n\nneowol, adj., _steep, precipitous_: acc. pl. neowle, 1412.\n\nne\u00f3d, st. f., _polite intercourse regulated by etiquette?, hall-joy?_: acc.\nsg. ni\u00f3de, 2117; inst. (= _joy_), 2216.\n\nne\u00f3d-la\u00f0u, st. f., _polite invitation; wish_: dat. sg. \u00e4fter ne\u00f3d-la\u00f0u\n(_according to his wishes_), 1321.\n\nne\u00f3san, ne\u00f3sian, w. v. w. gen., _to seek out, look for; to attack_: inf.\nne\u00f3san, 125, 1787, 1792, 1807, 2075; ni\u00f3san, 2389, 2672; ne\u00f3sian, 115,\n1126; ni\u00f3sian, 3046; pret. sg. ni\u00f3sade, 2487.\n\nne\u00f3tan, st. v., _to take, accept_, w. gen.; _to use, enjoy_: imper. sg.\nne\u00f3t, 1218.\n\nbe-ne\u00f3tan, w. dat., _to rob, deprive of_: inf. hine aldre be-ne\u00f3tan, 681;\npret. sg. cyning ealdre bi-ne\u00e1t (_deprived the king of life_), 2397.\n\nnicor, st. m., _sea-horse, walrus, sea-monster_ (cf. Bugge in Zacher's\nJournal, 4, 197): acc. pl. niceras, 422, 575; nicras, 1428; gen. pl.\nnicera, 846.\n\nnicor-h\u00fbs, st. n., _house_ or _den of sea-monsters_: gen. pl. nicor-h\u00fbsa,\n1412.\n\nni\u00f0 st. m., _man, human being_: gen. pl. ni\u00f0\u00f0a, 1006; ni\u00f0a? (passage\ncorrupt), 2216.\n\nni\u00f0er, ny\u00f0er, neo\u00f0or, adv., _down, downward_: ni\u00f0er, 1361; nio\u00f0or, 2700;\nny\u00f0er, 3045.\n\nni\u00f0-sele, st. m., _hall, room, in the deep_ (Grein): dat. sg. [in] ni\u00f0-sele\nn\u00e2t-hwylcum, 1514.\n\nnigen, num., _nine_: acc. nigene, 575.\n\nniht, st. f. _night_: nom. sg., 115, 547. 650, 1321, 2117; acc. sg. niht,\n135, 737, 2939; gystran niht (_yester-night_), 1335; dat. sg. on niht, 575,\n684; on wanre niht, 703; gen. sg. nihtes hw\u00eelum (_sometimes at night, in\nthe hours of the night_), 3045; as adv. = _of a night, by night_, G.\nnachts, 422, 2274; d\u00e4ges and nihtes, 2270; acc. pl. seofon niht\n(_se'nnight, seven days_, cf. Tac. Germ, 11), 517; dat. pl. sweartum\nnihtum, 167; deorcum nihtum, 275, 221; gen. pl. nihta, 545, 1366.--Comp.:\nmiddel-, sin-niht.\n\nniht-bealu, st. n., _night-bale, destruction by night_: gen. pl.\nniht-bealwa, 193.\n\nniht-helm, st. m., _veil_ or _canopy of night_: nom. sg., 1790.\n\nniht-long, adj., _lasting through the night_: acc. sg. m. niht-longne fyrst\n(_space of a night_), 528.\n\nniht-weorc, st. n., _night-work, deed done at night_: instr. sg.\nniht-weorce, 828.\n\nniman, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to take, hold, seize, undertake_: pret. sg. nam\n\u00fe\u00e2 mid handa hige-\u00feihtigne rinc, 747; pret. pl. we . . . ni\u00f3de n\u00e2man,\n2117.--2) _to take, take away, deprive of_: pres. sg. se \u00fee hine de\u00e1\u00f0 nime\u00f0\n(_he whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 447; nyme\u00f0, 1847; nyme\u00f0 n\u00fdd-b\u00e2de,\n599; subj. pres. gif mec hild nime, 452, 1482; pret. sg. ind. nam on\nOngen\u00fei\u00f3 \u00eeren-byrnan, 2987; ne nom he ... m\u00e2\u00f0m-\u00e6hta m\u00e2 (_he took no more of\nthe rich treasures_), 1613; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s ... se\u00f3 cw\u00ean numen (_the\nqueen carried off_), 1154.\n\nbe-niman, _to deprive of_: pret. sg. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t hine yldo benam m\u00e4genes wynnum\n(_till age bereft him of joy in his strength_), 1887.\n\nfor-niman, _to carry off_: pres. sg. \u00fee \u00fe\u00e2 de\u00e1\u00f0 for-nam (_whom death\ncarried off_), 488; so, 557, 696, 1081, 1124, 1206, 1437, etc. Also, dat.\nfor acc.: pret. pl. him \u00eerenna ecge forn\u00e2mon, 2829.\n\nge-niman: 1) _to take, seize_: pret. sg. (hine) be healse ge-nam (_clasped\nhim around the neck, embraced him_), 1873.--2) _to take, take away_: pret.\non reste genam \u00feritig \u00feegna, 122; he\u00f3 under heolfre genam c\u00fb\u00f0e folme, 1303;\nsegn e\u00e1c genom, 2777; \u00fe\u00e2 mec sinca baldor ... \u00e4t m\u00eenum f\u00e4der genam (_took\nme at my father's hands, adopted me_), 2430; pret. part. genumen, 3167.\n\nge-nip, st. n., _darkness, mist, cloud_: acc. pl. under n\u00e4ssa genipu, 1361;\nofer fl\u00f4da genipu, 2809.\n\nnis, from ne-is (_is not_): see wesan.\n\nniwe, ni\u00f3we, adj., _new, novel; unheard-of_: nom. sg. sw\u00eag up \u00e2-st\u00e2g niwe\ngeneahhe (_a monstrous hubbub arose_), 784; beorh ... niwe (_a\nnewly-raised(?) grave-mound_), 2244; acc. sg. niwe sibbe (_the new\nkinship_), 950; instr. sg. niwan stefne (properly, nov\u00e2 voce; here = de\nnovo, iterum, _again_), 2595; ni\u00f3wan stefne (_again_), 1790; gen. pl. niwra\nspella (_new tidings_), 2899.\n\nge-niwian, w. v., _to renew_: pret. part. ge-niwod, 1304, 1323; geniwad,\n2288.\n\nniw-tyrwed, pret. part., _newly-tarred_: acc. sg. niw-tyrwedne (-tyrwydne,\nMS.) nacan, 295.\n\nn\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., properly only _zeal, endeavor_; then _hostile endeavor,\nhostility, battle, war_: nom. sg., 2318; acc. sg. n\u00ee\u00f0, 184, 276; Wedera n\u00ee\u00f0\n(_enmity against the W., the sorrows of the Weders_), 423; dat. sg. wi\u00f0\n(\u00e4t) n\u00ee\u00f0e, 828, 2586; instr. n\u00ee\u00f0e, 2681; gen. pl. n\u00ee\u00f0a, 883, 2351, 2398,\netc.; also instr. = _by, in, battle_, 846, 1440, 1963, 2171, 2207.--Comp.:\nbealo-, f\u00e6r-, here-, hete-, inwit-, searo-, w\u00e4l-n\u00ee\u00f0.\n\nn\u00ee\u00f0-draca, w. m., _battle-dragon_: nom. sg., 2274.\n\nn\u00ee\u00f0-gast, st. m., _hostile alien, fell demon_: acc. sg. \u00feone n\u00ee\u00f0-g\u00e4st (_the\ndragon_), 2700.\n\nn\u00ee\u00f0-geweorc, st. n., _work of enmity, deed of evil_: gen. pl. -geweorca,\n684.\n\nn\u00ee\u00f0-grim, adj., _furious in battle, savage_: nom. sg., 193.\n\nn\u00ee\u00f0-heard, adj., _valiant in war_: nom. sg., 2418.\n\nn\u00ee\u00f0-hydig, adj., _eager for battle, valorous_: nom. pl. n\u00ee\u00f0-hydige men,\n3167.\n\nge-n\u00ee\u00f0la, w. m., _foe, persecutor, waylayer_: in comp. ferh\u00f0-,\nfeorh-gen\u00ee\u00f0la.\n\nn\u00ee\u00f0-wundor, st. n., _hostile wonder, strange marvel of evil_: acc. sg.,\n1366.\n\nn\u00eepan, st. v., _to veil, cover over, obscure_; pres. part. n\u00eepende niht,\n547, 650.\n\nnolde, from ne-wolde (_would not_); see willan.\n\nnor\u00f0, adv., _northward_, 859.\n\nnor\u00f0an, adv., _from the north_, 547.\n\nnose, w. f., _projection, cliff, cape_: dat. sg. of hli\u00f0es nosan, 1893; \u00e4t\nbrimes nosan, 2804.\n\nn\u00f4 (strengthened neg.), _not, not at all, by no means_, 136, 244, 587, 755,\n842, 969, 1736, etc.; strengthened by following ne, 459(?), 1509; n\u00f4 ... n\u00f4\n(_neither ... nor_), 541-543; so, n\u00f4 ... ne, 168. See ne.\n\nn\u00f4\u00f0er (from n\u00e2-hw\u00e4\u00f0er), neg., _and not, nor_, 2125.\n\nge-n\u00f4h, adj., _sufficient, enough_: acc. sg. f\u00e6h\u00f0o gen\u00f4ge, 2490; acc. pl.\ngen\u00f4ge ... be\u00e1gas, 3105.\n\nn\u00f4n, st. f., [Eng. _noon_], ninth hour of the day, three o'clock in the\nafternoon of our reckoning_ (the day was reckoned from six o'clock in the\nmorning; cf. Bouterwek Scre\u00e1dunga, 24 _2_: we h\u00e2ta\u00f0 \u00e6nne d\u00e4g fram sunnan\nupgange \u00f4\u00f0 \u00e6fen): nom. sg. n\u00f4n, 1601.\n\nnu, adv.: l) _now, at present_, 251, 254, 375, 395, 424, 426, 489, etc.: nu\ngyt (_up to now, hitherto_), 957; nu gen (_now still, yet_), 2860; (_now\nyet, still_), 3169.--2) conj., _since, inasmuch as_: nu \u00feu lungre geong ...\nnu se wyrm lige\u00f0 (_go now quickly, since the dragon lieth dead_), 2746; so,\n2248; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu me ne forwyrne ... nu ic \u00feus feorran com (_that do not thou\nrefuse me, since I am come so far_), 430; so, 1476; nu ic on m\u00e2\u00f0ma hord\nm\u00eene bebohte fr\u00f4de feorh-lege, fremma\u00f0 ge nu (_as I now..., so do ye_),\n2800; so, 3021.\n\nnym\u00f0e, conj. w. subj., _if not, unless_, 782; nym\u00f0e mec god scylde (_if God\nhad not shielded me_), 1659.\n\nnyt, st. f., _duty, service, office, employment_: acc. sg. \u00feegn nytte\nbehe\u00f3ld (_did his duty_), 494; so, 3119.--Comp.: sund-, sundor-nyt.\n\nnyt, adj., _useful_: acc. pl. m. nytte, 795; comp. un-nyt.\n\nge-nyttian, w. v., _to make use of, enjoy_: pret. part. h\u00e4fde eor\u00f0-scrafa\nende ge-nyttod (_had enjoyed, made use of_), 3047.\n\nn\u00fdd, st. f., _force, necessity, need, pain_: acc. sg. \u00feurh de\u00e1\u00f0es n\u00fdd,\n2455; instr. sg. n\u00fdde, 1006. In comp. (like n\u00fdd-maga, consanguineus, in\n\u00c6thelred's Laws, VI. 12, Schmid, p. 228; n\u00ead-maga, in Cnut's Laws, I. 7,\nibid., p. 258); also, _tie of blood._--Comp. \u00fere\u00e1-n\u00fdd.\n\nge-n\u00fddan, w. v.: 1) _to force, compel_: pret. part. n\u00ee\u00f0e ge-n\u00fdded (_forced\nby hostile power_), 2681.--2) _to force upon_: pret. part. acc. sg. f. n\u00fdde\ngen\u00fddde ... gearwe st\u00f4we (_the inevitable place prepared for each_, i.e.\nthe bed of death), 1006.\n\nn\u00fdd-b\u00e2d, st. f., _forced pledge, pledge demanded by force_: acc. pl.\nn\u00fdd-b\u00e2de, 599.\n\nn\u00fdd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade in need_ or _united by ties of blood_: nom.\npl. n\u00fdd-gesteallan, 883.\n\nn\u00fdd-gripe, st. m., _compelling grip_: dat. sg. in n\u00fdd-gripe (mid-gripe,\nMS.), 977.\n\nn\u00fdd-wracu, st. f., _distressful persecution, great distress_: nom. sg.,\n193.\n\nn\u00fdhst. See ne\u00e1h.\n\n\nO\n\no\u00f0\u00f0e, conj.: 1) _or; otherwise_, 283, 437, 636, 638, 694, 1492, 1765,\netc.--2) _and_(?), _till_(?), 650, 2476, 3007.\n\nof, prep. w. dat., _from, off from_: 1) _from some point of view_: ge-seah\nof wealle (_from the wall_), 229; so, 786; of hefene sc\u00eene\u00f0 (_shineth from\nheaven_), 1572; of hli\u00f0es nosan g\u00e4stas gr\u00eatte (_from the cliff's\nprojection_), 1893; of \u00feam le\u00f3ma st\u00f4d (_from which light streamed_), 2770;\n\u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s m\u00e2\u00f0ma fela of feorwegum ... gel\u00e6ded (_from distant lands_), 37; \u00fe\u00e2\ncom of m\u00f4re (_from the moor_), 711, 922.--2) _forth from, out of_: hwearf\nof earde (_wandered from his home, died_), 56; so, 265, 855, 2472; \u00fe\u00e2 ic of\nsearwum com (_when I had escaped from the persecutions of the foe_), 419;\n\u00fe\u00e2 him Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r gew\u00e2t ... \u00fbt of healle (_out of the hall_), 664; so, 2558,\n2516; 1139, 2084, 2744; wudu-r\u00eac \u00e2-st\u00e2h sweart of (ofer) swio\u00f0ole (_black\nwood-reek ascended from the smoking fire_), 3145; (icge gold) \u00e2-h\u00e4fen of\nhorde (_lifted from the hoard_), 1109; l\u00eat \u00fe\u00e2 of bre\u00f3stum ... word \u00fbt faran\n(_from his breast_), 2551; dyde ... helm of hafelan (_doffed his helmet_),\n673; so, 1130; sealdon w\u00een of wunder-fatum (_presented wine from wondrous\nvessels_), 1163; si\u00f0\u00f0an hyne H\u00e6\u00f0cyn of horn-bogan ... fl\u00e2ne geswencte\n(_with an arrow shot from the horned bow_), 2438; so, 1434. Prep.\npostponed: \u00fe\u00e2 he him of dyde \u00eesern-byrnan (_doffed his iron corselet_),\n672.\n\nofer, prep. w. dat. and acc., _over, above_: 1) w. dat, _over_ (rest,\nlocality): W\u00eegl\u00e2f site\u00f0 ofer Bi\u00f3wulfe, 2908; ofer \u00e4\u00f0elinge, 1245; ofer\neor\u00f0an, 248, 803, 2008; ofer wer-\u00fee\u00f3de (_over the earth, among mankind_),\n900; ofer \u00fd\u00f0um, 1908; ofer hron-r\u00e2de (_over the sea_), 10; so, 304, 1287,\n1290, etc.; ofer ealow\u00e6ge (_over the beer-cup, drinking_), 481.--2) w. acc.\nof motion: a) _over_ (local): ofer \u00fd\u00f0e (_over the waves_), 46, 1910; ofer\nswan-r\u00e2de (_over the swan-road, the sea_), 200; ofer w\u00e6gholm, 217; ofer\ngeofenes be-gang, 362; so, 239, 240, 297, 393, 464, 471, etc.; ofer bolcan\n(_over the gangway_), 231; ofer landa fela (_over many lands_), 311; so,\n1405, 1406; ofer he\u00e1hne hr\u00f4f (_along upon (under?) the high roof_), 984;\nofer eormen-grund (_over the whole earth_), 860; ofer ealle (_over all, on\nall sides_), 2900, 650; so, 1718;--606, 900, 1706; ofer borda gebr\u00e4c\n(_over, above, the crashing of shields_), 2260; ofer bord-(scild) weall,\n2981, 3119. Temporal: ofer \u00fe\u00e2 niht (_through the night, by night_), 737. b)\nw. verbs of saying, speaking, _about, of, concerning_: he ofer benne spr\u00e4c,\n2725. c) _beyond, over_: ofer m\u00een ge-met (_beyond my power_), 2880;--hence,\n_against, contrary to_: he ofer willan gi\u00f3ng (_went against his will_),\n2410; ofer ealde riht (_against the ancient laws_, i.e. the ten\ncommandments), 2331;--also, _without_: w\u00eeg ofer w\u00e6pen (_war sans,\ndispensing with, weapons_), 686;--temporal = _after_: ofer eald-gewin\n(_after long, ancient, suffering_), 1782.\n\nofer-hygd, st. n., _arrogance, pride, conceit_: gen. pl. ofer-hygda, 1741;\nofer-hyda, 1761.\n\nofer-m\u00e2\u00f0um, st. m., _very rich treasure_: dat. pl. ofer-m\u00e2\u00f0mum, 2994.\n\nofer-m\u00e4gen, st. n., _over-might, superior numbers_: dat. sg. mid\nofer-m\u00e4gene, 2918.\n\nofer-\u00feearf, st. f., _dire distress, need_: dat. sg. [for ofer] \u00feea[rfe],\n2227.\n\noft, adv., _often_, 4, 165, 444, 572, 858, 908, 1066, 1239, etc.; oft [n\u00f4]\nseldan, 2030; oft nalles \u00e6ne, 3020; so, 1248, 1888. Compar. oftor, 1580.\nSuperl. oftost, 1664.\n\nom-, on-. See am-, an-.\n\nombiht. See ambiht.\n\noncer. See ancer.\n\nond. See and.\n\nons\u00fdn. See ans\u00fdn.\n\non, prep. w. dat. and acc., signifying primarily _touching on, contact\nwith_: I. local, w. dat.: a) _on, upon, in at_ (of exterior surface): on\nhe\u00e1h-stede (_in the high place_), 285; on m\u00eenre \u00ea\u00f0el-tyrf (_in my native\nplace_), 410; on \u00fe\u00e4m me\u00f0el-stede, 1083; so, 2004; on \u00feam holmclife, 1422;\nso, 1428; on foldan (_on earth_), 1197; so, 1533, 2997; on \u00fe\u00e6re medu-bence\n(_on the mead-bench_), 1053; beornas on blancum (_the heroes on the\ndapple-greys_), 857, etc.; on r\u00e4ste (_in bed_), 1299; on stapole (_at,\nnear, the pillar_), 927; on wealle, 892; on wage (_on the wall_), 1663; on\n\u00fe\u00e4m w\u00e4l-stenge (_on the battle-lance_), 1639; on eaxle (_on his shoulder_),\n817, 1548; on bearme, 40; on bre\u00f3stum, 552; on hafelan, 1522; on handa (_in\nhis hand_), 495, 540; so, 555, 766; on him byrne sc\u00e2n (_on him shone the\ncorselet_), 405; on \u00f4re (_at the front_), 1042; on cor\u00f0re (_at the head of,\namong, his troop_), 1154; scip on ancre (_the ship at anchor_), 303; \u00fe\u00e4t he\non heo\u00f0e ge-st\u00f4d (_until he stood in the hall_), 404; on f\u00e4der st\u00e4le (_in a\nfather's place_), 1480; on \u00fd\u00f0um (_on the waves, in the water_), 210, 421,\n534, 1438; on holme, 543; on \u00eag-stre\u00e1mum, 577; on segl-r\u00e2de, 1438, etc.; on\nfl\u00f4de, 1367. The prep. postponed: Freslondum on, 2358.--b) _in, inside of_\n(of inside surface): secg on searwum (_a champion in armor_), 249; so, 963;\non w\u00eeg-geatwum, 368; (reced) on \u00fe\u00e4m se r\u00eeca b\u00e2d (_in which the mighty one\nabode_), 310; on Heorote (_in Heorot_), 475, 497, 594, 1303; on be\u00f3r-sele,\n492, 1095; on healle, 615, 643; so, 639, 1017, 1026, etc.; on burgum (_in\nthe cities, boroughs_), 53; on helle, 101; on sefan m\u00eenum (_in my mind_),\n473; on m\u00f4de, 754; so, 755, 949, 1343, 1719, etc.; on aldre (_in his\nvitals_), 1435; on middan (in medio), 2706.--c) _among, amid_: on searwum\n(_among the arms_), 1558; on gemonge (_among the troop_), 1644; on \u00feam\nle\u00f3d-scipe (_among the people_), 2198; nym\u00f0e l\u00eeges f\u00e4\u00f0m swulge on swa\u00f0ule\n(_unless the embracing flame should swallow it in smoke_), 783;--_in, with,\ntouched by, possessing something_: \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s on s\u00e2lum sinces brytta (_then was\nthe dispenser of treasure in joy_), 608; so, 644, 2015; w\u00e4s on hre\u00f3n m\u00f4de,\n1308; on sweofote (_in sleep_), 1582, 2296; he\u00f3 w\u00e4s on \u00f4fste (_she was in\nhaste_), 1293; so, 1736, 1870; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s on bl\u00f4de brim weallende (_there was\nthe flood billowing in, with, blood_), 848; (he) w\u00e4s on sunde (_was\na-swimming_), 1619; w\u00e4s t\u00f4 fore-mihtig fe\u00f3nd on f\u00ea\u00f0e (_too powerful in\nspeed_), 971; \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s sw\u00eegra secg ... on gylpspr\u00e6ce (_there was the\nchampion more silent in his boasting speech_), 982;--_in; full of,\nrepresenting, something_: on weres w\u00e4stmum (_in man's form_), 1353.--d)\n_attaching to_, hence _proceeding from; from something_: ge-h\u00fdrde on\nBe\u00f3wulfe f\u00e4st-r\u00e6dne ge-\u00fe\u00f4ht (_heard in, from, B. the fixed resolve_), 610;\n\u00fe\u00e4t he ne m\u00eatte ... on elran men mund-gripe m\u00e2ran, 753;--hence, with verbs\nof taking: on r\u00e4ste genam (_took from his bed_), 122; so, 748, 2987; hit \u00e6r\non \u00fee g\u00f4de be-ge\u00e2ton (_took it before from thee_), 2249.--e) _with_: sw\u00e2\nhit lungre wear\u00f0 on hyra sinc-gifan s\u00e2re ge-endod (_as it, too, soon\npainfully came to an end with the dispenser of treasure_), 2312.--f) _by_:\nm\u00e4g \u00feonne on \u00fe\u00e4m golde ongitan Ge\u00e1ta dryhten (_the lord of the Geatas may\nperceive by the gold_), 1485.--g) _to_, after weor\u00f0an: \u00fe\u00e4t he on fylle\nwear\u00f0 (_that he came to a fall_), 1545.\n\nWith acc.: a) w. verbs of moving, doing, giving, seeing, etc., _up to, on,\nupon, in_: \u00e2-l\u00eadon \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00f3fne \u00fee\u00f3den ... on bearm scipes, 35; on stefn (on\nwang) stigon, 212, 225; \u00fe\u00e2 him mid scoldon on fl\u00f4des \u00e6ht feor ge-w\u00eetan, 42;\nse \u00fee wi\u00f0 Brecan wunne on s\u00eedne s\u00e6 (_who strovest in a swimming-match with\nB. on the broad sea_), 507, cf. 516; \u00fe\u00e4t ic on holma ge-\u00fering eorlscipe\nefnde (_that I should venture on the sea to do valiant deeds_), 2133; on\nfe\u00f3nda geweald s\u00ee\u00f0ian, 809; \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee on swylc stara\u00f0, 997; so, 1781; on\nlufan l\u00e6te\u00f0 hworfan (_lets him turn his thoughts to love?, to\npossessions?_), 1729; him on m\u00f4d bearn (_came into his mind, occurred to\nhim_), 67; r\u00e6sde on \u00feone r\u00f4fan (_rushed on the powerful one_), 2691; (cwom)\non wor\u00f0ig (_came into the palace_), 1973; so, 27, 242, 253, 512, 539, 580,\n677, 726, etc.; on weg (_away_), 764, 845, 1383, 1431, 2097.--b) _towards,\non_: g\u00f4de gewyrcean ... on f\u00e4der wine (pl.), 21.--c) aim or object, _to,\nfor the object, for, as, in, on_: on \u00feearfe (_in his need, in his strait_),\n1457; so, on hyra man-dryhtnes miclan \u00feearfe, 2850; wr\u00e2\u00f0um on andan (_as a\nterror to the foe_), 709; Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r ma\u00f0elode him on andsware (_said to him in\nreply_), 1841; betst beado-rinca w\u00e4s on b\u00e6l gearu (_on the pyre ready_),\n1110; w\u00eeg-heafolan b\u00e4r fre\u00e1n on fultum (_for help_), 2663; wear\u00f0 on b\u00eed\nwrecen (_forced to wait_), 2963.--d) ground, reason, _according to, in\nconformity with_: rodera r\u00e6dend hit on ryht gesc\u00ead (_decided it in\naccordance with right_), 1556; ne me sw\u00f4r fela \u00e2\u00f0a on unriht (_swore no\noaths unjustly, falsely_), 2740; on sp\u00ead (_skilfully_), 874; nallas on gylp\nsele\u00f0 f\u00e4tte be\u00e1gas (_giveth no gold-wrought rings as he promised_), 1750;\non s\u00eenne selfes d\u00f4m (_boastingly, at his own will_), 2148; him eal worold\nwende\u00f0 on willan (_according to his will_), 1740.--e) w. verbs of buying,\n_for, in exchange for_: me ic on m\u00e2\u00f0ma hord m\u00eene be-bohte fr\u00f4de feorh-lege\n(_for the hoard of jewels_), 2800.--f) _of, as to_: ic on Higel\u00e2ce w\u00e2t,\nGe\u00e1ta dryhten (_I know with respect to, as to, of, H._), 1831; so, 2651;\n\u00fe\u00e4t he\u00f3 on \u00e6nigne eorl ge-l\u00fdfde fyrena fr\u00f4fre (_that she should rely on any\nearl for help out of trouble_), 628; \u00fe\u00e2 hie ge-tr\u00fbwedon on tw\u00e2 healfa (_on\nboth sides, mutually_), 1096; so, 2064; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu him ondr\u00e6dan ne \u00feearft ...\non \u00fe\u00e2 healfe (_from, on this side_), 1676.--g) after superlatives or\nvirtual superlatives = _among_: n\u00e4s ... sinc-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um s\u00ealra (= \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s\nsinc-m\u00e2\u00f0ma s\u00ealest) on sweordes h\u00e2d (_there was no better jewel in sword's\nshape_, i.e. among all swords there was none better), 2194; se w\u00e4s Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re\nh\u00e4le\u00f0a le\u00f3fost on ge-s\u00ee\u00f0es h\u00e2d (_dearest of men as, in the character of,\nfollower_, etc.), 1298.\n\nII. Of time: a) w. dat., _in, inside of, during, at_: on fyrste (_in time,\nwithin the time appointed_), 76; on uhtan (_at dawn_), 126; on mergenne\n(_at morn, on the morrow_), 565, 2940; on niht, 575; on wanre niht, 703; on\ntyn dagum, 3161; so, 197, 719, 791, 1063, etc.; on geogo\u00f0e (_in youth_),\n409, 466; on geogo\u00f0-feore, 537; so, 1844; on orlege (_in, during, battle_),\n1327; h\u00fb lomp e\u00f3w on l\u00e2de (_on the way_), 1988; on gange (_in going, en\nroute_), 1885; on sweofote (_in sleep_), 1582.--b) w. acc., _towards,\nabout_: on undern-m\u00e6l (_in the morning, about midday_), 1429; on\nmorgen-t\u00eed, 484, 518; on morgen, 838; on ende-st\u00e4f (_toward the end, at\nlast_), 1754; oftor micle \u00feonne on \u00e6nne s\u00ee\u00f0 (_far oftener than once_),\n1580.\n\nIII. With particles: him on efn (_beside, alongside of, him_), 2904; on\ninnan (_inside, within_), 71, 1741, 1969, 2453, 2716; \u00fe\u00e6r on innan (_in\nthere_), 2090, 2215, 2245. With the relative \u00fee often separated from its\ncase: \u00fee ic her on starie (_that I here look on, at_), 2797; \u00fee ge \u00fe\u00e6r on\nstanda\u00f0 (_that ye there stand in_), 2867.\n\non-c\u00fd\u00f0 (cf. Dietrich in Haupt's Zeits. XI., 412), st. f., _pain,\nsuffering_: nom. sg., 1421; acc. sg. or pl. on-c\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e, 831.\n\non-drysne, adj., _frightful, terrible_: acc. sg. firen on-drysne, 1933.\n\nonettan (for anettan, from root an-, Goth. inf. anan, _to breathe, pant_),\nw. v., _to hasten_: pret. pl. onetton, 306, 1804.\n\non-l\u00eecnes, st. f., _likeness, form, figure_: nom. sg., 1352.\n\non-m\u00eadla, w. m., _pride, arrogance_: dat. sg. for on-m\u00eadlan, 2927. Cf.\nBugge in Zacher's Zeits. 4, 218 seqq.\n\non-s\u00e6ge, adj., _tending to fall, fatal_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s Hondsci\u00f3 (dat.)\nhild on-s\u00e6ge, 2077; H\u00e6\u00f0cynne wear\u00f0 ... g\u00fb\u00f0 on-s\u00e6ge, 2484.\n\non-weald, st. m., _power, authority_: acc. sg. (him) bega ge-hw\u00e4\u00f0res ...\nonweald ge-te\u00e1h (_gave him power over, possession of, both_), 1044.\n\nopen, adj., _open_: acc. sg. hord-wynne fond ... opene standan, 2272.\n\nopenian, w. v., _to open_, w. acc.: inf. openian, 3057.\n\norc (O.S. orc, Goth. a\u00farkei-s), st. m., _crock, vessel, can _: nom. pl.\norcas, 3048; acc. pl. orcas, 2761.\n\norcn\u00ea, st. m., _sea-monster_: nom. pl. orcn\u00eaas, 112.\n\nord, st. n. _point_: nom. sg. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t wordes ord bre\u00f3st-hord \u00feurh-br\u00e4c\n(_till the word-point broke through his breast-hoard, came to utterance_),\n2792; acc. sg. ord (_sword-point_), 1550; dat. instr. orde (id.), 556; on\norde (_at the head of, in front_ [of a troop]), 2499, 3126.\n\nord-fruma, w. m., _head lord, high prince_: nom. sg., 263.\n\noret-mecg, st. m., _champion, warrior, military retainer_: nom. pl.\noret-mecgas, 363, 481; acc. pl. oret-mecgas, 332.\n\noretta, w. m., _champion, fighter, hero_: nom. sg., 1533, 2539.\n\nor-leg, st. n., _war, battle_: dat. sg. on orlege, 1327; gen. sg. or-leges,\n2408.\n\nor-leg-hw\u00eel, st. f., _time of battle, war-time_: nom. sg. [or-leg]-hw\u00eel,\n2003; gen. sg. orleg-hw\u00eele, 2912; gen. pl orleg-hw\u00eela, 2428.\n\nor-leahtre, adj., _blameless_: nom. sg 1887.\n\nor-\u00feanc (cf. Gloss. Aldhelm. mid or-\u00feance = argumento in Haupt XI., 436;\nor\u00feancum = machinamentis, _ibid._ 477; or-\u00feanc-scipe = mechanica, 479), st.\nm., _mechanical art, skill_: instr. pl. or-\u00feoncum, 2088; smi\u00f0es or-\u00feancum,\n406.\n\nor-w\u00eana, adj. (weak form), _hopeless, despairing_, w. gen.: aldres or-w\u00eana\n(_hopeless of life_), 1003, 1566.\n\nor-wearde, adj., _unguarded, without watch_ or _guard_: adv., 3128.\n\noru\u00f0, st. n., _breath, snorting_: nom. sg., 2558; dat. ore\u00f0e, 2840.\n\n\n\u00d4\n\n\u00f4\u00f0 (Goth. und, O.H.G. unt, unz): 1) prep. w. acc., _to, till, up to_, only\ntemporal: \u00f4\u00f0 \u00feone \u00e2nne d\u00e4g, 2400; \u00f4\u00f0 d\u00f4mes d\u00e4g, 3070; \u00f4 woruld-ende,\n3084.--2) \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t, conj. w. depend, indicative clause, _till, until_, 9, 56,\n66, 100, 145. 219, 296, 307, etc.\n\n\u00f4\u00f0er (Goth. an\u00fear), num.: 1) _one or other of two, a second_, = alter: nom.\nsg. subs.: se \u00f4\u00f0er, 2062; \u00f4\u00f0er(_one_ i.e. of my blood-relations, H\u00e6\u00f0cyn and\nHygel\u00e2c), 2482; \u00f4\u00f0er ... \u00f4\u00f0er (_the one ... the other_), 1350-1352. Adj.:\n\u00f4\u00f0er ... mihtig m\u00e2n-scea\u00f0a (_the second mighty, fell foe_, referring to\n1350), 1339; se \u00f4\u00f0er ... h\u00e4le, 1816; fem. niht \u00f4\u00f0er, 2118; neut. \u00f4\u00f0er ge\u00e2r\n(_the next, second, year_), 1134; acc. sg. m. \u00f4\u00f0erne, 653, 1861, 2441,\n2485; \u00feenden re\u00e1fode rinc \u00f4\u00f0erne(_whilst one warrior robbed the other_,\ni.e. Eofor robbed Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w), 2986; neut. \u00f4\u00f0er swylc(_another such, an\nequal number_), 1584; instr. sg. \u00f4\u00f0re s\u00ee\u00f0e (_for the second time, again_),\n2671, 3102; dat. sg. \u00f4\u00f0rum, 815, 1030, 1166, 1229, 1472, 2168, 2172, etc.;\ngen. sg. m. \u00f4\u00f0res d\u00f4gores, 219, 606; neut. \u00f4\u00f0res, 1875.--2) _another, a\ndifferent one_, = alius: nom. sg., subs. \u00f4\u00f0er, 1756; \u00f4\u00f0er n\u00e6nig (_no\nother_), 860. Adj.: \u00e6nig \u00f4\u00f0er man, 503, 534; so, 1561; \u00f4\u00f0er in (_a\ndifferent house_ or _room_), 1301; acc. sg. \u00f4\u00f0er flet, 1087; gen. sg. \u00f4\u00f0res\n... yrfe-weardes, 2452; acc. pl. ealo drincende \u00f4\u00f0er s\u00e6dan (_ale drinkers\nsaid other things_), 1946; acc. pl. neut. word \u00f4\u00f0er, 871.\n\n\u00f4fer, st. m., _shore_: dat. sg. on \u00f4fre, 1372.\n\n\u00f4fost, st. f., _haste_: nom. sg. \u00f4fost is s\u00ealest t\u00f4 gec\u00fd\u00f0anne (_haste is\nbest to make known, best to say at once_), 256; so, 3008; dat. sg. be\u00f3 \u00feu\non \u00f4feste (\u00f4foste) (_be in haste, hasten_), 386, 2748; on \u00f4fste, 1293; on\n\u00f4foste, 2784, 3091.\n\n\u00f4fost-l\u00eece, adv., _in haste, speedily_, 3131.\n\n\u00f4-hw\u00e6r, adv., _anywhere_, 1738, 2871.\n\n\u00f4mig, adj., _rusty_: nom. sg., 2764; nom. pl. \u00f4mige, 3050.\n\n\u00f4r, st. n., _beginning, origin; front_: nom. sg., 1689; acc. sg., 2408;\ndat. sg. on \u00f4re, 1042.\n\n\u00f4-wiht, _anything, aught_: instr. sg. \u00f4-wihte (_in any way_), 1823, 2433.\n\n\nP\n\np\u00e2d, st. f., _dress_; in comp. here-p\u00e2d.\n\np\u00e4\u00f0, st. m., _path, road, way_; in comp. \u00e2n-p\u00e4\u00f0.\n\nplega, w. m., _play, emulous contest_; lind-plega, 1074.\n\n\nR\n\nra\u00f0e, adv., _quickly, immediately_, 725, Cf. hr\u00e2\u00f0e.\n\nrand, rond, st. m., _shield_: acc. sg, rand, 683; rond, 657, 2567, 2610;\ndat. ronde (rond, MS.), 2674; under rande, 1210; b\u00ee ronde, 2539; acc. pl.\nrandas, 231; rondas, 326, 2654.--Comp.: bord-, hilde-, s\u00eed-rand.\n\nrand-h\u00e4bbend, pres. part., _shield-bearer_, i.e. _man at arms, warrior_:\ngen. pl. rond-h\u00e4bbendra, 862.\n\nrand-w\u00eega, w. m., _shield-warrior, shield-bearing warrior_: nom. sg., 1299;\nacc. sg. rand-w\u00eegan, 1794.\n\nr\u00e2d, st. f., _road, street_; in comp. hran-, segl-, swan-r\u00e2d.\n\nge-r\u00e2d, adj., _clever, skilful, ready_: acc. pl. neut. ge-r\u00e2de, 874.\n\nr\u00e2p, st. m., _rope, bond, fetter_: in comp. w\u00e4l-r\u00e2p.\n\nr\u00e2sian, w. v., _to find, discover_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s hord r\u00e2sod, 2284.\n\nr\u00e4st. See rest.\n\nr\u00e6can, w. v., _to reach, reach after_: pret. sg. r\u00e6hte onge\u00e1n fe\u00f3nd mid\nfolme (_reached out his hand toward the foe_), 748.\n\nge-r\u00e6can, _to attain, strike, attack_: pret. sg. hyne ... w\u00e6pne ge-r\u00e6hte\n(_struck him with his sword_), 2966; so, 556.\n\nr\u00e6d, st. m.: 1) _advice, counsel, resolution; good counsel, help_: nom. sg.\nnu is r\u00e6d gelong eft \u00e4t \u00fee \u00e2num (_now is help to be found with thee\nalone_), 1377; acc. sg. r\u00e6d, 172, 278, 3081.--2) _advantage, gain, use_:\nacc. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t r\u00e6d tala\u00f0 (_counts that a gain_), 2028; \u00eacne r\u00e6d (_the eternal\ngain, everlasting life_), 1202; acc. pl. \u00eace r\u00e6das, 1761.--Comp.: folc-r\u00e6d,\nand adj., \u00e2n-, f\u00e4st-r\u00e6d.\n\nr\u00e6dan, st. v., _to rule; reign; to possess_: pres. part. rodera r\u00e6dend\n(_the ruler of the heavens_), 1556; inf. \u00feone \u00fee \u00feu mid rihte r\u00e6dan\nsceoldest (_that thou shouldst possess by rights_), 2057; wolde d\u00f4m godes\nd\u00e6dum r\u00e6dan gumena gehwylcum (_God's doom would rule over, dispose of,\nevery man in deeds_), 2859. See sele-r\u00e6dend.\n\nr\u00e6d-bora, w. m. _counsellor, adviser_: nom. sg., 1326.\n\nr\u00e6den, st. f., _order, arrangement, law_: see Note on 1143; comp.\nworold-r\u00e6den(?).\n\n\u00e2-r\u00e6ran, w. v.: 1) _to raise, lift up_: pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e6ron monige \u00fee his\nm\u00e6g ... ricone \u00e2-r\u00e6rdon (_there were many that lifted up his brother\nquickly_), 2984.--2) figuratively, _to spread, disseminate_: pret. part.\nbl\u00e6d is \u00e2-r\u00e6red (_thy renown is far-spread_), 1704.\n\nr\u00e6s, st. m., _on-rush, attack, storm_: acc. sg. g\u00fb\u00f0e r\u00e6s (_the storm of\nbattle, attack_), 2627; instr. pl. g\u00fb\u00f0e r\u00e6sum, 2357.--Comp.: g\u00fb\u00f0-, hand-,\nhea\u00f0o-, m\u00e4gen-, w\u00e4l-r\u00e6s.\n\n(ge-)r\u00e6san, w. v., _to rush (upon)_: pret. sg. r\u00e6sde on \u00feone r\u00f4fan, 2691,\n2840.\n\nr\u00e6swa, w. m., _prince, ruler_: dat. sg. weoroda r\u00e6swan, 60.\n\nreccan, w. v., _to explicate, recount, narrate_: inf. frum-sceaft fira\nfeorran reccan (_recount the origin of man from ancient times_), 91;\ngerund, t\u00f4 lang is t\u00f4 reccenne, h\u00fb ic ... (_too long to tell how I_...),\n2094; pret. sg. syll\u00eec spell rehte (_told a wondrous tale_), 2111; so\nintrans. feorran rehte (_told of olden times_), 2107.\n\nreced, st. n., _building, house; hall_ (complete in itself): nom. sg., 412,\n771, 1800; acc. sg., 1238; dat. sg. recede, 721, 729, 1573; gen. sg.\nrecedes, 326, 725, 3089; gen. pl. receda, 310.--Comp.: eor\u00f0-, heal-, horn-,\nwin-reced.\n\nregn-heard, adj., _immensely strong, firm_: acc. pl. rondas regn-hearde,\n326.\n\nregnian, r\u00eanian, w. v., _to prepare, bring on_ or _about_: inf. de\u00e1\u00f0\nr\u00ean[ian] hond-gesteallan (_prepare death for his comrade_), 2169.\n\nge-regnian, _to prepare, deck out, adorn_: pret. part. medu-benc monig ...\ngolde ge-regnad, 778.\n\nregn-, r\u00ean-weard, st. m., _mighty guardian_: nom. pl. r\u00ean-weardas (of\nBe\u00f3wulf and Grendel contending for the possession of the hall), 771.\n\nrest, r\u00e4st, st. f.: 1) _bed, resting-place_: acc. sg. r\u00e4ste, 139; dat. sg.\non r\u00e4ste (genam) (_from his resting-place_), 1299, 1586; t\u00f4 r\u00e4ste (_to\nbed_), 1238. Comp.: flet-r\u00e4st, sele-rest, w\u00e4l-rest.--2) _repose, rest_; in\ncomp. \u00e6fen-r\u00e4st.\n\nge-reste (M.H.G. reste), f., _resting-place_: in comp. wind-gereste.\n\nrestan, w. v.: 1) _to rest_: inf. restan, 1794; pret. sg. reflex. reste\nhine \u00fe\u00e2 r\u00fbm-heort, 1800.--2) _to rest, cease_: inf., 1858.\n\nr\u00eac (O.H.G. rouh), st. m., _reek, smoke_: instr. sg. r\u00eace, 3157.--Comp.:\nw\u00e4l-, wudu-r\u00eac.\n\nr\u00eacan (O.H.G. ruohjan), w. v. w. gen., _to reck, care about something, be\nanxious_: pres. sg. III. w\u00e6pna ne r\u00eace\u00f0 (_recketh not for weapons, weapons\ncannot hurt him_), 434.\n\nr\u00ea\u00f0e, adj., _wroth, furious_: nom. sg., 122, 1586; nom. pl. r\u00ea\u00f0e, 771.\nAlso, of things, _wild, rough, fierce_: gen. sg. r\u00ea\u00f0es and-h\u00e2ttres\n(_fierce, penetrating heat_), 2524.\n\nre\u00e1f, st. n., _booty, plunder in war; clothing, garments_ (as taken by the\nvictor from the vanquished): in comp. hea\u00f0o-, w\u00e4l-re\u00e1f.\n\nre\u00e1fian, w. v., _to plunder, rob_, w. acc.: inf. hord re\u00e1fian, 2774; pret.\nsg. \u00feenden re\u00e1fode rinc \u00f4\u00f0erne, 2986; w\u00e4l re\u00e1fode, 3028; pret. pl. w\u00e4l\nre\u00e1fedon, 1213.\n\nbe-re\u00e1fian, w. instr., _to bereave, rob of_: pret. part. since be-re\u00e1fod,\n2747; golde be-re\u00e1fod, 3019.\n\nreord, st. f., _speech, language; tone of voice_: acc. sg. on-cni\u00f3w mannes\nreorde (_knew, heard, a human voice_), 2556.\n\nreordian, w. v., _to speak, talk_: inf. fela reordian _(speak much_), 3026.\n\nge-reordian, _to entertain, to prepare for_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s eft sw\u00e2 \u00e6r\n... flet-sittendum f\u00e4gere ge-reorded (_again, as before, the guests were\nhospitably entertained_), 1789\n\nre\u00f3t, st. m.?, f.?, _noise, tumult_? (_grave_?): instr. sg. re\u00f3te, 2458.\nBugge, in Zachers Zeits. 4, 215, takes re\u00f3te as dat. from re\u00f3t (_rest,\nrepose_).\n\nre\u00f3c, adj., _savage, furious_: nom. sg., 122.\n\nbe-re\u00f3fan, st. v., _to rob of, bereave_: pret. part. w. instr. acc. sg.\nfem. golde berofene, 2932; instr. sg. re\u00f3te berofene, 2458.\n\nre\u00f3n. See r\u00f4wan.\n\nre\u00f3tan, st. v., _to weep_: pres. pl. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t ... roderas re\u00f3ta\u00f0, 1377.\n\nre\u00f3w, adj., _excited, fierce, wild_: in comp. bl\u00f4d-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, w\u00e4l-re\u00f3w. See\nhre\u00f3w.\n\nricone, _hastily, quickly, immediately_, 2984.\n\nriht, st. n., _right_ or _privilege; the_ (abstract) _right_: acc. sg. on\nryht (_according to right_), 1556; s\u00f4\u00f0 and riht (_truth and right_), 1701;\ndat. sg. wi\u00f0 rihte, 144; \u00e4fter rihte (_in accordance with right_), 1050;\nsyll\u00eec spell rehte \u00e4fter rihte _(told a wondrous tale truthfully_), 2111;\nmid rihte, 2057; acc. pl. ealde riht (_the ten commandments_), 2331;\n--Comp. in \u00ea\u00f0el-, folc-, land-, un-, word-riht.\n\nriht, adj., _straight, right_: in comp. up-riht.\n\nrihte, adv., _rightly, correctly_, 1696. See \u00e4t-rihte.\n\nrinc, st. m., _man, warrior, hero_: nom. sg., 399, 2986; also of Grendel,\n721; acc. sg. rinc, 742, 748; dat. sg. rince, 953; of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 1678; gen.\npl. rinca, 412, 729.--Comp. in beado-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, here-, hea\u00f0o-, hilde-, mago-,\ns\u00e6-rinc.\n\nge-risne, ge-rysne, adj., _appropriate, proper_: nom. sg. n. ge-rysne,\n2654.\n\nr\u00eece, st. n.: 1) _realm, land ruled over_: nom. sg., 2200, 2208; acc. sg.\nr\u00eece, 913, 1734, 1854, 3005; gen. sg. r\u00eeces, 862, 1391, 1860, 2028, 3081.\nComp. Swi\u00f3-r\u00eece.--2) _council of chiefs, the king with his chosen\nadvisers_(?): nom. sg. oft ges\u00e4t r\u00eece t\u00f4 r\u00fbne, 172.\n\nr\u00eece, adj., _mighty, powerful_: nom. sg. (of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 1238; (of Hygel\u00e2c),\n1210; (of \u00c4sc-here), 1299; weak form, se r\u00eeca (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 310; (Be\u00f3wulf),\n399; (Hygel\u00e2c), 1976.--Comp. gimme-r\u00eece.\n\nr\u00eecsian, r\u00eexian, w. v. intrans., _to rule, reign_: inf. r\u00eecsian, 2212;\npret. sg. r\u00eexode, 144.\n\nr\u00eedan, st. v., _to ride_: subj. pres. \u00fe\u00e4t his byre r\u00eede giong on galgan,\n2446; pres. part. nom. pl. r\u00eedend, 2458; inf. wicge r\u00eedan, 234; mearum\nr\u00eedan, 856; pret. sg. s\u00e6-genga ... se \u00fee on ancre r\u00e2d, 1884; him t\u00f4-ge\u00e1nes\nr\u00e2d (_rode to meet them_), 1894; pret. pl. ymbe hl\u00e6w riodan (_rode round\nthe grave-mound_), 3171.\n\nge-r\u00eedan, w. acc., _to ride over_: pret. sg. se \u00fee n\u00e4s ge-r\u00e2d (_who rode\nover the promontory_), 2899.\n\nr\u00eem, st. n., _series, number_: in comp. d\u00e4g-, un-r\u00eem.\n\nge-r\u00eem, st. n., _series, number_: in comp. d\u00f4gor-ge-rim.\n\nge-r\u00eeman, w. v., _to count together, enumerate in all_: pret. part. in\ncomp. for\u00f0-ger\u00eemed.\n\n\u00e2-r\u00eesan, st. v., _to arise, rise_: imper. sg. \u00e2-r\u00ees, 1391; pret. sg. \u00e2-r\u00e2s\n\u00fe\u00e2 se r\u00eeca, 399; so, 652, 1791, 3031; \u00e2-r\u00e2s \u00fe\u00e2 b\u00ee ronde (_arose by his\nshield_), 2539; hwanan si\u00f3 f\u00e6h\u00f0 \u00e2-r\u00e2s (_whence the feud arose_), 2404.\n\nrodor, st. m., _ether, firmament, sky_ (from _radius_?, Bugge): gen. sg.\nrodores candel, 1573; nom. pl. roderas, 1377; dat. pl. under roderum, 310;\ngen. pl. rodera, 1556.\n\nr\u00f4f, adj., _fierce, of fierce, heroic, strength, strong_: nom. sg., 2539;\nalso with gen. m\u00e4genes r\u00f4f (_strong in might_), 2085; so, \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee he r\u00f4f\ns\u00eee n\u00ee\u00f0-geweorca, 683; acc. sg. r\u00f4fne, 1794; on \u00feone r\u00f4fan, 2691.--Comp.:\nbeadu-, brego-, ellen-, hea\u00f0o-, hyge-, sige-r\u00f4f.\n\nr\u00f4t, adj., _glad, joyous_: in comp. un-r\u00f4t.\n\nr\u00f4wan, st. v., _to row_ (with the arms), _swim_: pret. pl. re\u00f3n (for\nre\u00f3won), 512, 539.\n\nr\u00fbm, st. m., _space, room_: nom. sg., 2691.\n\nr\u00fbm, adj.: 1) _roomy, spacious_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00fbhte him eall t\u00f4 r\u00fbm, wongas and\nw\u00eec-stede (_fields and dwelling seemed to him all too broad_, i.e. could\nnot hide his shame at the unavenged death of his murdered son), 2462.--2)\nin moral sense, _great, magnanimous, noble-hearted_: acc. sg. \u00feurh r\u00fbmne\nsefan, 278.\n\nr\u00fbm-heort, adj., _big-hearted, noble-spirited_: nom. sg., 1800, 2111.\n\nge-r\u00fbm-l\u00eec, adj., _commodious, comfortable_: compar. ge-r\u00fbm-l\u00eecor, 139.\n\nr\u00fbn, st. f., _secrecy, secret discussion, deliberation_ or _council_: dat.\nsg. ge-s\u00e4t r\u00eece t\u00f4 r\u00fbne, 172.--Comp. beado-r\u00fbn.\n\nr\u00fbn-st\u00e4f, st. m., _rune-stave, runic letter_: acc. pl. \u00feurh r\u00fbn-stafas,\n1696.\n\nr\u00fbn-wita, w. m., _rune-wit, privy councillor, trusted adviser_: nom. sg.,\n1326.\n\nge-rysne. See ge-risne.\n\nge-r\u00fdman, w. v.: 1) _to make room for, prepare, provide room_: pret. pl.\n\u00fe\u00e4t hie him \u00f4\u00f0er flet eal ge-r\u00fdmdon, 1087; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s Ge\u00e1t-m\u00e4cgum\n... benc ger\u00fdmed, 492; so, 1976.--2) _to allow, grant, admit_: pret. part.\n\u00fe\u00e2 me ge-r\u00fdmed w\u00e4s (s\u00ee\u00f0) (_as access was permitted me_), 3089; \u00fe\u00e2 him\nger\u00fdmed wear\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e4t hie w\u00e4l-st\u00f4we wealdan m\u00f4ston, 2984.\n\n\nS\n\nge-saca, w. m., _opponent, antagonist, foe_: acc. sg. ge-sacan, 1774.\n\nsacan, st. v., _to strive, contend_: inf. ymb feorh sacan, 439.\n\nge-sacan, _to attain, gain by contending_ (Grein): inf. gesacan sceal\ns\u00e2wl-berendra ... gearwe st\u00f4we _(gain the place prepared_, i.e. the\ndeath-bed), 1005.\n\non-sacan: 1) (originally in a lawsuit), _to withdraw, take away, deprive\nof_: pres. subj. \u00fe\u00e4tte freo\u00f0uwebbe feores on-s\u00e4ce ... le\u00f3fne mannan,\n1943.--2) _to contest, dispute, withstand_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t he s\u00e6mannum on-sacan\nmihte (i.e. hord, bearn, and br\u00fdde), 2955.\n\nsacu, st. f., _strife, hostility, feud_: nom. sg., 1858, 2473; acc. sg.\ns\u00e4ce, 154; s\u00e4cce, 1978, 1990, 2348, 2500, 2563; dat. sg. \u00e4t (t\u00f4) s\u00e4cce,\n954, 1619, 1666, 2613, 2660, 2682, 2687; gen. sg. secce, 601; gen. pl.\ns\u00e4cca, 2030.\n\nge-sacu, st. f., _strife, enmity_: nom. sg., 1738.\n\nsadol, st. m., _saddle_: nom. sg., 1039.\n\nsadol-beorht, adj., _with bright saddles_ (?): acc. pl. sadol-beorht, 2176.\n\nge-saga. See secgan.\n\nsamne, somne, adv., _together, united_; in \u00e4t-somne, _together, united_,\n307, 402, 491, 544, 2848.\n\nt\u00f4-somne (_together_), 3123; \u00fe\u00e2 se wyrm ge-be\u00e1h sn\u00fbde t\u00f4-somne (_when the\ndragon quickly coiled together_), 2569.\n\nsamod, somod: I. adv., _simultaneously, at the same time_: somod, 1212,\n1615, 2175, 2988; samod, 2197; samod \u00e4t-g\u00e4dere, 387, 730, 1064.--II. prep.\nw. dat., _with, at the same time with_: samod \u00e6r-d\u00e4ge (_with the break of\nday_), 1312; somod \u00e6r-d\u00e4ge, 2943.\n\nsand, st. n., _sand, sandy shore_: dat. sg. on sande, 295, 1897, 3043(?);\n\u00e4fter sande (_along the shore_), 1965; wi\u00f0 sande, 213.\n\nsang, st. m., _song, cry, noise_: nom. sg. sang, 1064; swutol sang sc\u00f4pes,\n90; acc. sg. sige-le\u00e1sne sang (Grendel's cry of woe), 788; s\u00e2rigne sang\n(Hr\u00ea\u00f0el's dirge for Herebeald), 2448.\n\ns\u00e2l, st. m., _rope_: dat. sg. s\u00e2le, 1907; on s\u00e2le (sole, MS.), 302.\n\ns\u00e2l. See s\u00e6l.\n\ns\u00e2r, st. n., _wound, pain_ (physical or spiritual): nom. sg. s\u00e2r, 976; si\u00f3\ns\u00e2r, 2469; acc. sg. s\u00e2r, 788; s\u00e2re, 2296; dat. (instr.) sg. s\u00e2re, 1252,\n2312, 2747.--Comp. l\u00eec-s\u00e2r.\n\ns\u00e2r, adj., _sore, painful_: instr. pl. s\u00e2rum wordum, 2059.\n\ns\u00e2re, adv., _sorely, heavily, ill_, graviter: se \u00fee him [s\u00e2]re gesce\u00f4d\n(_who injured him sorely_), 2224.\n\ns\u00e2rig, adj., _painful, woeful_: acc. sg. s\u00e2rigne sang, 2448.\n\ns\u00e2rig-fer\u00f0, adj., _sore-hearted, grieved_: nom. sg. s\u00e2rig-fer\u00f0 (W\u00eegl\u00e2f),\n2864.\n\ns\u00e2rig-m\u00f4d, adj., _sorrowful-minded, saddened_: dat. pl. s\u00e2rig-m\u00f4dum, 2943.\n\ns\u00e2r-l\u00eec, adj., _painful_: nom. sg., 843; acc. sg. neut., 2110.\n\ns\u00e2wol, s\u00e2wl, st. f., _soul_ (the immortal principle as contrasted with l\u00eef,\nthe physical life): nom. sg. s\u00e2wol, 2821; acc. sg. s\u00e2wle, 184, 802; h\u00e6\u00f0ene\ns\u00e2wle, 853; gen. sg. s\u00e2wele, 1743; s\u00e2wle, 2423.\n\ns\u00e2wl-berend, pres. part., _endowed with a soul, human being_: gen. pl.\ns\u00e2wl-berendra, 1005.\n\ns\u00e2wul-dre\u00f3r, st. n., (blood gushing from the seat of the soul), _soul-gore,\nheart's blood, life's blood_: instr. sg. s\u00e2wul-dri\u00f3re, 2694.\n\ns\u00e2wul-le\u00e1s, adj., _soulless, lifeless_: acc. sg. s\u00e2wol-le\u00e1sne, 1407;\ns\u00e2wul-le\u00e1sne, 3034.\n\ns\u00e4ce, s\u00e4cce. See sacu.\n\ns\u00e4d, adj., _satiated, wearied_: in comp. hilde-s\u00e4d.\n\ns\u00e4l, st. n., _habitable space, house_, _hall_: dat. sg. sel, 167; s\u00e4l, 307,\n2076, 2265.\n\ns\u00e4ld, st. n., _hall, king's hall_ or _palace_: acc. sg. geond \u00fe\u00e4t s\u00e4ld\n(Heorot), 1281.\n\ns\u00e6, st. m. and f., _sea, ocean_: nom. sg., 579, 1224; acc. sg. on s\u00eedne s\u00e6,\n507; ofer s\u00e6, 2381; ofer s\u00e6 s\u00eede, 2395; dat. sg. t\u00f4 s\u00e6, 318; on s\u00e6, 544;\ndat. pl. be s\u00e6m tweonum, 859, 1298, 1686, 1957.\n\ns\u00e6-b\u00e2t, st. m., _sea-boat_: acc. sg., 634, 896.\n\ns\u00e6-cyning, st. m., _sea-king, king ruling the sea_: gen. pl. s\u00e6-cyninga,\n2383.\n\ns\u00e6-de\u00f3r, st. n., _sea-beast, sea-monster_: nom. sg., 1511.\n\ns\u00e6-draca, w. m., _sea-dragon_: acc. pl. s\u00e6-dracan, 1427.\n\nge-s\u00e6gan, w. v., _to fell, slay_: pret. part. h\u00e4fdon eal-fela eotena cynnes\nsweordum ge-s\u00e6ged (_felled with the sword_), 885.\n\ns\u00e6ge. See on-s\u00e6ge.\n\ns\u00e6-genga, w. m., _sea-goer_, i.e. sea-going ship: nom. sg., 1883, 1909.\n\ns\u00e6-ge\u00e1p, adj., _spacious_ (broad enough for the sea): nom. sg. s\u00e6-ge\u00e1p\nnaca, 1897.\n\ns\u00e6-grund, st. m., _sea-bottom, ocean-bottom_: dat. sg. s\u00e6-grunde, 564.\n\ns\u00e6l, s\u00e2l, s\u00eal, st. f.: 1) _favorable opportunity, good_ or _fit time_: nom.\nsg. s\u00e6l, 623, 1666, 2059; s\u00e6l and m\u00e6l, 1009; acc. sg. s\u00eale, 1136; gen. pl.\ns\u00e6la and m\u00e6la, 1612.--2) _Fate_(?): see Note on l. 51.--3) _happiness,\njoy_: dat. pl. on s\u00e2lum, 608; s\u00e6lum, 644, 1171, 1323. See s\u00eal, adj.\n\nge-s\u00e6lan, w. v., _to turn out favorably, succeed_: pret. sg. him ge-s\u00e6lde\n\u00fe\u00e4t ...(_he was fortunate enough to_, etc.), 891; so, 574; efne swylce\nm\u00e6la, swylce hira man-dryhtne \u00feearf ge-s\u00e6lde (_at such times as need\ndisposed it for their lord_), 1251.\n\ns\u00e6lan (see s\u00e2l), w. v., _to tie, bind_: pret. sg. s\u00e6lde ... s\u00ee\u00f0-f\u00e4\u00f0me scip,\n1918; pl. s\u00e6-wudu s\u00e6ldon, 226.\n\nge-s\u00e6lan, _to bind together, weave, interweave_: pret. part. earm-be\u00e1ga\nfela searwum ge-s\u00e6led (_many curiously interwoven armlets_, i.e. made of\nmetal wire: see Guide to Scandinavian Antiquities, p. 48), 2765.\n\non-s\u00e6lan, with acc., _to unbind, unloose, open_: on-s\u00e6l meoto, sige-hr\u00ea\u00f0\nsecgum (_disclose thy views to the men, thy victor's courage_; or, _thy\npresage of victory_?), 489.\n\ns\u00e6-l\u00e2c, st. n., _sea-gift, sea-booty_: instr. sg. s\u00e6-l\u00e2ce, 1625; acc. pl.\n\u00fe\u00e2s s\u00e6-l\u00e2c, 1653.\n\ns\u00e6-l\u00e2d, st. f., _sea-way, sea-journey_: dat. sg. s\u00e6-l\u00e2de, 1140, 1158.\n\ns\u00e6-l\u00ee\u00f0end, pres. part., _seafarer_: nom. pl. s\u00e6-l\u00ee\u00f0end, 411, 1819, 2807;\ns\u00e6-l\u00ee\u00f0ende, 377.\n\ns\u00e6-man, m., _sea-man, sea-warrior_: dat. pl. s\u00e6-mannum, 2955; gen. pl.\ns\u00e6-manna, 329 (both times said of the Ge\u00e1tas).\n\ns\u00e6mra, weak adj. compar., _the worse, the weaker_: nom. sg. s\u00e6mra, 2881;\ndat. sg. s\u00e6mran, 954.\n\ns\u00e6-m\u00ea\u00f0e, adj., _sea-weary, exhausted by sea-travel_: nom. pl. s\u00e6-m\u00ea\u00f0e, 325.\n\ns\u00e6-n\u00e4s, st. m., _sea-promontory, cape, naze_: acc. pl. s\u00e6-n\u00e4ssas, 223, 571.\n\ns\u00e6ne, adj., _careless, slow_: compar. sg. nom. he on holme w\u00e4s sundes \u00fe\u00ea\ns\u00e6nra, \u00fee hyne swylt fornam (_was the slower in swimming in the sea, whom\ndeath took away_), 1437.\n\ns\u00e6-rinc, st. m., _sea-warrior_ or _hero_: nom. sg., 691.\n\ns\u00e6-s\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _sea-way, path, journey_: dat. sg. \u00e4fter s\u00e6-s\u00ee\u00f0e, 1150.\n\ns\u00e6-wang, st. m., _sea-shore_ or _beach_: acc. sg. s\u00e6-wong, 1965.\n\ns\u00e6-weal, st. m., _(sea-wall), seashore_: dat. sg. s\u00e6-wealle, 1925.\n\ns\u00e6-wudu, st. m., _(sea-wood), vessel, ship_: acc. sg. s\u00e6-wudu, 226.\n\ns\u00e6-wylm, st. m., _sea-surf, billow_: acc. pl. ofer s\u00e6-wylmas, 393.\n\nscacan, sceacan, st. v., properly, _to shake one's self_; hence, _to go,\nglide, pass along_ or _away_: pres. sg. \u00feonne m\u00een sceace\u00f0 l\u00eef of l\u00eece,\n2743; inf. \u00fe\u00e2 com beorht [sunne] scacan [ofer grundas], (_the bright sun\ncame gliding over the fields_), 1804; pret. sg. dugu\u00f0 ellor sc\u00f4c _(the\nchiefs are gone elsewhither_, i.e. have died), 2255; \u00feonne str\u00e6la storm ...\nsc\u00f4c ofer scild-weall (_when the storm of arrows leapt over the wall of\nshields_), 3119; pret. part. w\u00e4s hira bl\u00e6d scacen (_their bravest men had\npassed away_), 1125; \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s winter scacen (_the winter was past_), 1137;\nso, sceacen, 2307, 2728.\n\nscadu, sceadu, st. f., _shadow, concealing veil of night_: acc. sg. under\nsceadu bregdan (i.e. kill), 708.\n\nscadu-genga, w. m., _shadow-goer, twilight-stalker_ (of Grendel): nom. sg.\nsceadu-genga, 704.\n\nscadu-helm, st. m., _shadow-helm, veil of darkness_: gen. pl. scadu-helma\nge-sceapu (_shapes of the shadow, evil spirits wandering by night_), 651.\n\nscalu, st. f., _retinue, band_ (part of an armed force); in comp.\nhand-scalu: mid his hand-scale (hond-scole), 1318, 1964.\n\nscamian, w. v., _to be ashamed_: pres. part. nom. pl. scamiende, 2851; n\u00f4\nhe \u00fe\u00e6re feoh-gyfte ... scamigan \u00feorfte (_needed not be ashamed of his\ntreasure-giving_), 1027.\n\nscawa (see sce\u00e1wlan), w. m., _observer, visitor_: nom. pl. scawan, 1896.\n\nge-sc\u00e2d, st. n., _difference, distinction_: acc. sg. \u00e6g-hw\u00e4\u00f0res gesc\u00e2d,\nworda and worca (_difference between, of, both words and deeds_), 288.\n\nge-sc\u00e2dan, st. v., _to decide, adjudge_: pret. sg. rodera r\u00e6dend hit on\nryht gesc\u00ead (_decided it in accordance with right_), 1556.\n\nsc\u00e2nan? See sc\u00eenan, pret. pl. scionon, 303; the imaginary sc\u00e2nan having\nbeen abandoned.\n\nge-sc\u00e4p-hw\u00eele, st. f., _fated hour, hour of death (appointed rest?)_: dat.\nsg. t\u00f4 gesc\u00e4p-hw\u00eele (_at the fated hour_), 26.\n\nsce\u00f0\u00f0an, w. v., _to scathe, injure_: inf. w. dat. pers., 1034; aldre\nsce\u00f0\u00f0an (_hurt her life_), 1525; \u00fe\u00e4t on land Dena l\u00e2\u00f0ra n\u00e6nig mid scipherge\nsce\u00f0\u00f0an ne meahte (_injure through robber incursions_), 243; pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r\nhim n\u00e6nig w\u00e4ter wihte ne sce\u00f0ede, 1515.\n\nge-sce\u00f0\u00f0an, the same: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t him ... ne mihte eorres inwit-feng aldre\ngesce\u00f0\u00f0an, 1448.\n\nscenc, st. m., _vessel, can_: in comp. medu-scenc.\n\nscencan, w. v., _to hand drink, pour out_: pret. sg. scencte sc\u00eer wered,\n496 (cf. skinker = cup-bearer).\n\nscenne, w. f.?, _sword-guard?_: dat. pl. on \u00fe\u00e6m scennum sc\u00eeran goldes,\n1695.\n\nsceran, st. v., _to shear off, cleave, hew to pieces_: pres. sg. \u00feonne\nheoru bunden ... sw\u00een ofer helme andweard scire\u00f0 (_hews off the boar-head\non the helm_), 1288.\n\nge-sceran, _to divide, hew in two_: pret. sg. helm oft ge-sc\u00e4r (_often\nclove the helm in two_), 1527; so, gescer, 2974.\n\nscerwen, st. f.?, in comp. ealu-scerwen (_ale-scare_ or _panic_?), 770.\n\nsc\u00eat. See sce\u00f3tan.\n\nsceadu. See scadu.\n\nscea\u00f0a, w. m.: 1) _scather, foe_: gen. pl. scea\u00f0ena, 4.--2) _fighter,\nwarrior_: nom. pl. sca\u00f0an, 1804.--Comp.: \u00e2ttor-, dol-, fe\u00f3nd-, g\u00fb\u00f0-,\nhearm-, le\u00f3d-, m\u00e2n-, sin-, \u00fee\u00f3d-, uht-scea\u00f0a.\n\nscea\u00f0an, st. v. w. dat., _to scathe, injure, crush_: pret. sg. se \u00fee oft\nmanegum sc\u00f4d (_which has oft oppressed many_), 1888.\n\nge-scea\u00f0an, w. dat., the same: pret. sg. sw\u00e2 him \u00e6r gesc\u00f4d hild \u00e4t Heorote,\n1588; se \u00fee him s\u00e2re ge-sce\u00f4d (_who injured him sorely_), 2224; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r in\ngesc\u00f4d h\u00e2lan l\u00eece, 1503; bill \u00e6r gesc\u00f4d eald-hl\u00e2fordes \u00feam \u00fe\u00e2ra m\u00e2\u00f0ma\nmund-bora w\u00e4s (_the weapon of the ancient chieftain had before laid low the\ndragon, the guardian of the treasure_), 2778 (or, _sheathed in brass_?, if\n\u00e6r and gesc\u00f4d form compound).\n\nscea\u00f0en-m\u00e6l, st. n., _deadly weapon, hostile sword_: nom. sg., 1940.\n\nsceaft, st. m., _shaft, spear, missile_: nom. sg. sceft, 3119.--Comp.:\nhere-, w\u00e4l-sceaft.\n\nge-sceaft, st. f.: 1) _creation, earth, earthly existence_: acc. sg. \u00fe\u00e2s\nl\u00e6nan ge-sceaft, 1623.--2) _fate, destiny_: in comp. for\u00f0-, l\u00eef-,\nm\u00e6l-gesceaft.\n\nscealc, st. m., _servant, military retainer_: nom. sg., 919; (of Be\u00f3wulf),\n940.--Comp be\u00f3r-scealc.\n\nge-sceap, st. n.: 1) _shape, creature_: nom. pl. scadu-helma ge-sceapu,\n651.--2) _fate, providence_: acc. sg. he\u00e1h ge-sceap (_heavy fate_), 3085.\n\nsceapan, sceppan, scyppan, st. v., _to shape, create, order, arrange,\nestablish_: pres. part. scyppend (_the Creator_), 106; pret. sg. sc\u00f4p him\nHeort naman (_shaped, gave, it the name Heorot_), 78; pres. part. w\u00e4s si\u00f3\nwr\u00f4ht scepen heard wi\u00f0 H\u00fbgas, sy\u00f0\u00f0an Hygel\u00e2c cwom (_the contest with the\nH\u00fbgas became sharp after H. had come_), 2915.\n\nge-sceapan, _to shape, create_: pret. sg. l\u00eef ge-sce\u00f4p cynna gehwylcum, 97.\n\nscear, st. m., _massacre_: in comp. g\u00fb\u00f0-, inwit-scear, 2429, etc.\n\nscearp, adj., _sharp, able, brave_: nom. sg. scearp scyld-w\u00eega,\n288.--Comp.: beadu-, hea\u00f0o-scearp.\n\nscearu, st. f., _division, body, troop_: in comp. folc-scearu; _that is\ndecided_ or _determined_, in g\u00fb\u00f0-scearu (_overthrow_?), 1214.\n\nsceat, st. m., _money_; also _unit of value in appraising_ (cf. Rieger in\nZacher's Zeits. 3, 415): acc. pl. sceattas, 1687. When numbers are given,\nsceat appears to be left out, cf. 2196, 2995 (see \u00fe\u00fbsend).--Comp.\ngif-sceat.\n\nsce\u00e1t, st. m., _region, field_: acc. pl. gefr\u00e4twade foldan sce\u00e1tas leomum\nand le\u00e1fum, 96;--_top, surface, part_: gen. pl. eor\u00f0an sce\u00e1ta, 753.\n\nsce\u00e1were, st. m., _observer, spy_: nom. pl. sce\u00e1weras, 253.\n\nsce\u00e1wian, w. v. w. acc., _to see, look at, observe_: inf. sce\u00e1wian, 841,\n1414, 2403, 2745, 3009, 3033; sce\u00e1wigan, 1392; pres. sg. II. \u00fe\u00e4t ge gen\u00f4ge\nne\u00e1n sce\u00e1wia\u00f0 be\u00e1gas and br\u00e2d gold, 3105; subj. pres. \u00fe\u00e4t ic ... sce\u00e1wige\nswegle searo-gimmas, 2749; pret. sg. sce\u00e1wode, 1688, 2286, 2794; sg. for\npl., 844; pret. pl. sce\u00e1wedon, 132, 204, 984, 1441.\n\nge-sce\u00e1wian, _to see, behold, observe_: pret. part. ge-sce\u00e1wod, 3076, 3085.\n\nsceorp, st. n., _garment_: in comp. hilde-sceorp.\n\nsce\u00f3tan, st. v., _to shoot, hurl missiles_: pres. sg. se \u00fee of fl\u00e2n-bogan\nfyrenum sce\u00f3te\u00f0, 1745; pres. part. nom. pl. sce\u00f3tend (_the warriors,\nbowmen_), 704, 1155; dat. pl. for sce\u00f3tendum (MS. scotenum), 1027.\n\nge-sce\u00f3tan, w. acc., _to shoot off, hurry_: pret. sg. hord eft gesce\u00e1t\n(_the dragon darted again back to the treasure_), 2320.\n\nof-sce\u00f3tan, _to kill by shooting_: pret. sg. his m\u00e6g of-sc\u00eat ... bl\u00f4digan\ng\u00e2re _(killed his brother with bloody dart_), 2440.\n\nscild, scyld, st. m., _shield_: nom. sg. scyld, 2571; acc. sg. scyld, 437,\n2076; acc. pl. scyldas, 325, 333, 2851.\n\nscildan, scyldan, w. v., _to shield, protect_: pret. subj. nym\u00f0e mec god\nscylde (_if God had not shielded me_), 1659.\n\nscild-freca, w. m., _shield-warrior_ (warrior armed with a shield): nom.\nsg. scyld-freca, 1034.\n\nscild-weall, st. m., _wall of shields_: acc. sg. scild-weall, 3119.\n\nscild-w\u00eega, w. m., _shield-warrior_: nom. sg. scyld-w\u00eega, 288.\n\nscinna, w. m., _apparition, evil spirit_: dat. pl. scynnum, 940.\n\nscip, st. n., _vessel, ship_: nom. sg., 302; acc. sg., 1918; dat. sg. t\u00f4\nscipe, 1896; gen. sg. scipes, 35, 897; dat pl. t\u00f4 scypum (scypon, MS.),\n1155.\n\nscip-here, st. m., (exercitus navalis) _armada, fleet_: dat. sg. mid\nscip-herge, 243.\n\nge-sc\u00eefe (for ge-sc\u00fdfe), adj., _advancing_ (of the dragon's movement),\n2571; = G. _schief_?\n\nsc\u00eenan, st. v., _to shine, flash_: pres. sg. sunne ... s\u00fb\u00f0an sc\u00eene\u00f0, 607;\nso, 1572; inf. geseah bl\u00e2cne le\u00f3man beorhte sc\u00eenan, 1518; pret. sg.\n(g\u00fb\u00f0-byrne, woruld--candel) sc\u00e2n, 321, 1966; on him byrne sc\u00e2n, 405; pret.\npl. gold-f\u00e2g scinon web \u00e4fter wagum, 995; scionon, 303.\n\nsc\u00eer, adj., _sheer, pure, shining_: nom. sg. hring-\u00eeren sc\u00eer, 322; sc\u00eer\nmetod, 980; acc. sg. n. sc\u00eer wered, 496; gen. sg. sc\u00eeran goldes, 1695.\n\nsc\u00eer-ham, adj., _bright-armored, clad in bright mail_: nom. pl. sc\u00eer-hame,\n1896.\n\nscoten. See sce\u00f3ten.\n\nge-sc\u00f4d, pret. part., _shod_ (calceatus), _covered_: in comp.\n\u00e6r-ge-sc\u00f4d(?). See ge-scea\u00f0an, and Note.\n\nsc\u00f4p, st. m., _singer, shaper, poet_: nom. sg., 496, 1067; gen. sg. sc\u00f4pes,\n90.\n\nscr\u00e4f, st. n., _hole in the earth, cavern_: in comp. eor\u00f0-scr\u00e4f.\n\nscr\u00ee\u00f0an, st. v., _to stride, go_: pres. pl. scr\u00ee\u00f0a\u00f0, 163; inf. scr\u00ee\u00f0an,\n651, 704; scr\u00ee\u00f0an t\u00f4, 2570.\n\nscr\u00eefan, st. v., _to prescribe, impose_ (punishment): inf. h\u00fb him (Grendel)\nsc\u00eer metod scr\u00eefan wille, 980.\n\nfor-scr\u00eefan, w. dat. pers., _to proscribe, condemn_: pret. part. si\u00f0\u00f0an him\nscyppend for-scrifen h\u00e4fde, 106.\n\nge-scr\u00eefan, _to permit, prescribe_: pret. sg. sw\u00e2 him Wyrd ne ge-scr\u00e2f (_as\nWeird did not permit him_), 2575.\n\nscr\u00fbd, st. m., _clothing, covering; ornament_: in comp. beadu-,\nbyrdu-scr\u00fbd.\n\nscucca, w. m., _shadowy sprite, demon_: dat. pl. scuccum, 940.\n\nsculan, aux. v. w. inf.: 1) _shall, must_ (obligation): pres. sg. I., III.\nsceal, 20, 24, 183, 251, 271, 287, 440, 978, 1005, 1173, 1387, 1535, etc.;\nscel, 455, 2805, 3011; II. scealt, 589, 2667; subj. pres. scyle, 2658;\nscile, 3178; pret. ind. sg. I., III. scolde, 10, 806, 820, 966, 1071, 1444,\n1450, etc.; sceolde, 2342, 2409, 2443, 2590, 2964; II. sceoldest, 2057; pl.\nscoldon, 41, 833, 1306, 1638; subj. pret. scolde, 1329, 1478; sceolde,\n2709.--2) w. inf. following it expresses futurity, = _shall, will_: pres.\nsg. I., III. sceal be\u00f3dan (_shall offer_), 384; so, 424, 438, 602, 637,\n1061, 1707, 1856, 1863, 2070; sceall, 2499, 2509, etc.; II. scealt, 1708;\npl. wit sculon, 684; subj. pret. scolde, 280, 692, 911; sceolde, 3069.--3)\nsculan sometimes forms a periphrastic phrase or circumlocution for a simple\ntense, usually with a slight feeling of obligation or necessity: pres. sg.\nhe ge-wunian sceall (_he inhabits; is said to inhabit?_), 2276; pret. sg.\nse \u00fee w\u00e4ter-egesan wunian scolde, 1261; w\u00e4cnan scolde (_was to awake_), 85;\nse \u00feone gomelan gr\u00eatan sceolde (_was to, should, approach_), 2422; \u00fe\u00e4t se\nbyrn-w\u00eega b\u00fbgan sceolde (_the corseleted warrior had to bow, fell_), 2919;\npl. \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fee beado-gr\u00eeman b\u00fdwan sceoldon (_they that had to polish or deck the\nbattle-masks_), 2258; so, 230, 705, 1068.--4) w. omitted inf., such as\nwesan, gangan: unc sceal worn fela m\u00e2\u00f0ma ge-m\u00e6nra (i.e. wesan). 1784; so,\n2660; sceal se hearda helm ... f\u00e4tum befeallen (i.e. wesan), 2256; ic him\n\u00e4fter sceal (i.e. gangan), 2817; subj. \u00feonne \u00feu for\u00f0 scyle (i.e. gangan),\n1180. A verb or inf. expressed in an antecedent clause is not again\nexpressed with a subsequent sceal: g\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e2 Wyrd sw\u00e2 hi\u00f3 scel (_Weird goeth\never as it shall_ [go]), 455; g\u00fb\u00f0-bill ge-sw\u00e2c sw\u00e2 hit n\u00f4 sceolde (i.e.\nge-sw\u00eecan), 2586.\n\nsc\u00fba, w. m., _shadowy demon_: in comp. de\u00e1\u00f0-sc\u00fba.\n\nsc\u00fbfan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to move forward, hasten_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s\nmorgen-le\u00f3ht scofen and scynded, 919.--2) w. acc., _to shove, push_: pret.\npl. guman \u00fbt scufon ... wudu bundenne (_pushed the vessel from the land_),\n215; dracan scufun ... ofer weall-clif (_pushed the dragon over the\nwall-like cliff_), 3132. See w\u00eed-scofen(?)\n\nbe-sc\u00fbfan, w. acc., _to push, thrust down, in_: inf. w\u00e2 bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee sceal\n... s\u00e2wle be-sc\u00fbfan in f\u00fdres f\u00e4\u00f0m (_woe to him that shall thrust his soul\ninto fire's embrace_), 184.\n\nsc\u00fbr, st. m., _shower, battle-shower_: in comp. \u00eesern-sc\u00fbr.\n\nsc\u00fbr-heard, adj., _fight-hardened? (file-hardened?_): nom. pl. sc\u00fbr-heard,\n1034.\n\nscyld, scyldan. See scild, scildan.\n\nscyldig, adj., _under obligations_ or _bound for; guilty of_, w. gen. and\ninstr.: ealdres (mor\u00f0res) scyldig, 1339, 1684, 2062; synnum scyldig\n(_guilty of evil deeds_), 3072.\n\nscyndan, w. v., _to hasten_: inf. scyndan, 2571; pret. part, scynded, 919\n\nscynna. See scinna.\n\nscyppend. See sceapan.\n\nscyran, w. v., _to arrange, decide_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t hit scea\u00f0en-m\u00e6l scyran m\u00f4ste\n(_that the sword must decide it_), 1940. O.N. skora, _to score, decide_.\n\nsc\u00fdne, adj., _sheen, well-formed, beautiful_: nom. sg. m\u00e4g\u00f0 sc\u00fdne, 3017.\n\nse, pron. dem. and article, _the_: m. nom., 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92, 102,\netc.; fem, se\u00f3, 66, 146, etc.; neut. \u00fe\u00e4t;--relative: se (_who_), 1611,\n2866; se \u00fee (_he who_), 2293; se\u00f3 \u00fee (_she who_), 1446; se \u00fee (for se\u00f3 \u00fee),\n1345, 1888, 2686; cf. 1261, 1498; (Grendel's mother, as a wild, demonic\ncreature, is conceived now as man, now as woman: woman, as having borne a\nson; man, as the incarnation of savage cunning and power); se for se\u00f3,\n2422; dat. sg. \u00feam (for \u00feam \u00fee), 2780.\n\nsecce. See sacu.\n\nsecg, st. m., _man, warrior, hero, spokesman_ (secgan?): nom. sg., 208,\n872, 2228, 2407, etc.; (Be\u00f3wulf), 249, 948, 1312, 1570, 1760, etc.;\n(Wulfg\u00e2r), 402; (H\u00fbnfer\u00f0), 981; (W\u00eegl\u00e2f), 2864; acc. sg. sinnigne secg\n(Grendel's mother, cf. se), 1380; dat. sg. secge, 2020; nom. pl. secgas,\n213, 2531, 3129; dat. pl. secgum, 490; gen. pl. secga, 634, 843, 997, 1673.\n\nsecg, st. f., _sword_ (sedge?): acc. sg. secge, 685.\n\nsecgan, w. v., _to say, speak_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. gode ic \u00feanc secge,\n1998; so, 2796; pres. part. sw\u00e2 se secg hwata secgende w\u00e4s l\u00e2\u00f0ra spella\n(partitive gen.), 3029; inf. secgan, 582, 876, 881, 1050; pret. sg. s\u00e4gde\nhim \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00e1nes \u00feanc, 1810; pret. sg. II. hw\u00e4t \u00feu worn fela ... s\u00e4gdest from\nhis s\u00ee\u00f0e, 532.--2) without acc inf. sw\u00e2 we s\u00f4\u00f0l\u00eece secgan h\u00fdrdon, 273;\npret. sg. s\u00e4gde, 2633, 2900--3) w. depend. clause: pres. sg. ic secge, 591;\npl. III. secga\u00f0, 411; inf. secgan, 51, 391, 943, 1347, 1701, 1819, 2865,\n3027; gerund. t\u00f4 secganne, 473, 1725; pret. sg. s\u00e4gde, 90, 1176; pl.\ns\u00e4gdon, 377, 2188; s\u00e6dan, 1946.\n\n\u00e2-secgan (edicere), _to say out, deliver_: inf. wille ic \u00e2-secgan suna\nHealfdenes ... m\u00een \u00e6rende, 344.\n\nge-secgan, _to say, relate_: imper. sg. II. ge-saga, 388; \u00fe\u00e4t ic his \u00e6rest\n\u00fee eft ge-s\u00e4gde (_that I should, after, tell thee its origin_), 2158; pret.\npart. ges\u00e4gd, 141; ges\u00e6d, 1697.\n\nsefa, w. m., _heart, mind, soul, spirit_: nom. sg., 49, 490, 595, 2044,\n2181, 2420, 2601, 2633; acc. sg. sefan, 278, 1727, 1843; dat. sg. sefan,\n473, 1343, 1738.--Comp. m\u00f4d-sefa.\n\nge-segen, st. f., _legend, tale_: in comp. eald-ge-segen.\n\nsegl, st. n., _sail_: nom. sg., 1907.\n\nsegl-r\u00e2d, st. f., _sail-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. on segl-r\u00e2de, 1430.\n\nsegn, st. n., _banner_, vexillum: nom. sg., 2768, 2959; acc. sg. segen, 47,\n1022; segn, 2777; dat. sg. under segne, 1205.--Comp. he\u00e1fod-segn.\n\nsel, st. n., _hall, palace_. See s\u00e4l.\n\nseld, st. n., _dwelling, house_: in comp. medu-seld.\n\nge-selda, w. m., contubernalis, _companion_: acc. sg. geseldan, 1985.\n\nseldan, adv., _seldom_: oft [n\u00f4] seldan, 2030.\n\nseld-guma, w. m., _house-man, home-stayer(?); common man?, house-carl?_:\nnom. sg., 249.\n\nsele, st. m. and n., _building consisting of one apartment; apartment,\nroom_: nom. sg., 81, 411; acc. sg. sele, 827, 2353; dat. sg. t\u00f4 sele, 323,\n1641; in (on, t\u00f4) sele \u00feam he\u00e1n, 714, 920, 1017, 1985; on sele (_in the den\nof the dragon_), 3129.--Comp.: be\u00e1h-, be\u00f3r-, dryht-, eor\u00f0-, gest-, gold-,\ngrund-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, he\u00e1h-, hring-, hr\u00f4f-, ni\u00f0-, win-sele.\n\nsele-dre\u00e1m, st. m., _hall-glee, joy in the hall_: acc. sg. \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee \u00feis l\u00eef\nofgeaf, ges\u00e2won sele-dre\u00e1m (referring to the joy of heaven?), 2253.\n\nsele-ful, st. n., _hall-goblet_: acc. sg., 620.\n\nsele-gyst, st. m., _hall-guest, stranger in hall_ or _house_: acc. sg. \u00feone\nsele-gyst, 1546.\n\nsele-r\u00e6dend, pres. part., _hall-ruler, possessor of the hall_: nom. pl.,\n51; acc. le\u00f3de m\u00eene sele-r\u00e6dende, 1347.\n\nsele-rest, st. f., _bed in the hall_: acc. sg. sele-reste, 691.\n\nsele-\u00feegn, st. m., _retainer, hall-thane, chamberlain_: nom. sg., 1795.\n\nsele-weard, st. m., _hall-ward, guardian of the hall_: acc. sg., 668.\n\nself, sylf, pron., _self_: nom. sg. strong form, self, 1314, 1925 (?\nselfa); \u00feu self, 595; \u00feu \u00fee self, 954; self cyning (_the king himself, the\nking too_), 921, 1011; sylf, 1965; in weak form, selfa, 1469; he selfa, 29,\n1734; \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee him selfa de\u00e1h (_that can rely upon, trust to, himself_),\n1840; seolfa, 3068; he sylfa, 505; god sylfa, 3055; acc. sg. m. selfne,\n1606; hine selfne (_himself_), 962; hyne selfne (_himself_, reflex.), 2876;\nwi\u00f0 sylfne (_beside_), 1978; gen. sg. m. selfes, 701, 896; his selfes,\n1148; on s\u00eenne sylfes d\u00f4m (_at his own will_), 2148; sylfes, 2224, 2361,\n2640, 2711, 2777, 3014; his sylfes, 2014, 2326; fem. hire selfre, 1116;\nnom. pl. selfe, 419; S\u00fb\u00f0-Dene sylfe, 1997.\n\nge-sella, w. m., _house-companion, comrade_: in comp. hand-gesella.\n\nsellan, syllan, w. v.: 1) w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to give,\ndeliver; permit, grant, present_: pres. sg. III. sele\u00f0 him on \u00ea\u00f0le eor\u00f0an\nwynne, 1731; inf. syllan, 2161, 2730; pret. sg. sealde, 72, 673, 1272,\n1694, 1752, 2025, 2156, 2183, 2491, 2995; nefne god sylfa sealde \u00feam \u00fee he\nwolde hord openian (_unless God himself gave to whom he would to open the\nhoard_), 3056; pret. sg. II. sealdest, 1483.--2) _to give, give up_ (only\nw. acc. of thing): \u00e6r he feorh sele\u00f0 (_he prefers to give up his life_),\n1371; nallas on gylp sele\u00f0 f\u00e4tte be\u00e1gas (_giveth out gold-wrought rings_,\netc.), 1750; pret. sg. sinc-fato sealde, 623; pl. byrelas sealdon w\u00een of\nwunder-fatum, 1162.\n\nge-sellan, w. acc. and dat. of pers., _to give, deliver; grant, present_:\ninf. ge-sellan, 1030; pret. sg. ge-sealde, 616, 1053, 1867, 1902, 2143,\netc.\n\nsel-l\u00eec, syl-l\u00eec (from seld-l\u00eec), adj., _strange, wondrous_: nom. sg. gl\u00f4f\n... syll\u00eec, 2087; acc. sg. n. syll\u00eec spell, 2110; acc. pl. sell\u00eece\ns\u00e6-dracan, 1427. Compar. acc. sg. syll\u00eecran wiht (the dragon), 3039.\n\nsemninga, adv., _straightway, at once_ 645, 1641, 1768.\n\nsendan, w. v. w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers., _to send_: pret. sg. \u00feone\ngod sende folce t\u00f4 fr\u00f4fre (_whom God sent as a comfort to the people_), 13;\nso, 471, 1843.\n\nfor-sendan, _to send away, drive off_ pret. part. he wear\u00f0 on fe\u00f3nda\ngeweald ... sn\u00fbde for-sended, 905.\n\non-sendan, _to send forth, away_, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.:\nimper. sg. on-send, 452, 1484; pret. sg. on-sende, 382; pl. \u00fee hine ...\nfor\u00f0 on-sendon \u00e6nne ofer \u00fd\u00f0e (_who sent him forth alone over the sea_), 45;\npret. part. bealo-cwealm hafa\u00f0 fela feorh-cynna feorr on-sended, 2267.\n\nsendan (cf. Gl. Aldhelm, sanda = ferculorum, epularum, in Haupt IX. 444),\nw. v., _to feast, banquet_: pres. sg. III. sende\u00f0, 601.--Leo.\n\nserce, syrce, w. f., _sark, shirt of mail_: nom. sg. syrce, 1112; nom. pl.\nsyrcan, 226; acc. pl. gr\u00e6ge syrcan, 334.--Comp.: beadu-, heoro-serce;\nhere-, leo\u00f0o-, l\u00eec-syrce.\n\nsess, st. m., _seat, place for sitting_: dat. sg. sesse, 2718; \u00fe\u00e2 he b\u00ee\nsesse ge\u00f3ng (_by the seat_, i.e. before the dragon's lair), 2757.\n\nsetl, st. n., _seat, settle_: acc. sg., 2014; dat. sg. setle, 1233, 1783,\n2020; gen. sg. setles, 1787; dat. pl. setlum, 1290.--Comp.: he\u00e1h-, hilde-,\nmeodu-setl.\n\nsettan, w. v., _to set_: pret. sg. setton s\u00e6-m\u00ea\u00f0e s\u00eede scyldas ... wi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4s\nrecedes weall (_the sea-wearied ones set their broad shields against the\nwall of the hall_), 325; so, 1243.\n\n\u00e2-settan, _to set, place, appoint_: pret. pl. hie him \u00e2-setton segen\n[gyl]-denne he\u00e1h ofer he\u00e1fod, 47; pret. part. h\u00e4fde kyninga wuldor Grendle\nt\u00f4-ge\u00e1nes ... sele-weard \u00e2-seted, 668.\n\nbe-settan, _to set with, surround_: pret. sg. (helm) besette sw\u00een-l\u00eecum\n(_set the helm with swine-bodies_), 1454.\n\nge-settan: 1) _to set, set down_: pret. part. sw\u00e2 w\u00e4s ...\u00feurh r\u00fbn-stafas\nrihte ge-mearcod, ge-seted and ge-s\u00e6d (_thus was ... in rune-staves rightly\nmarked, set down and said_), 1697.--2) _to set, ordain, create_: pret. sg.\nge-sette ... sunnan and m\u00f4nan le\u00f3man t\u00f4 le\u00f3hte land-b\u00fbendum, 94.--3) =\ncomponere, _to lay aside, smooth over, appease_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t he mid \u00fe\u00fd\nw\u00eefe w\u00e4l-f\u00e6h\u00f0a ... d\u00e6l ... ge-sette, 2030.\n\ns\u00eacan, w. v., _to follow after_, hence: 1) _to seek, strive for_, w. acc.:\npret. sg. sinc-f\u00e4t s\u00f4hte _(sought the costly cup_), 2301; ne s\u00f4hte\nsearo-n\u00ee\u00f0as, 2739; so, 3068. Without acc.: \u00feonne his myne s\u00f4hte (_than his\nwish demanded_), 2573; hord-weard s\u00f4hte georne \u00e4fter grunde (_the\nhoard-warden sought eagerly along the ground_), 2294.--2) _to look for,\ncome_ or _go some whither, attain something_, w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se \u00fee\n... biorgas s\u00eace\u00f0, 2273; subj. \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee h\u00e6\u00f0-stapa holt-wudu s\u00eace, 1370;\nimper. s\u00eac gif \u00feu dyrre (_look for her_, i.e. Grendel's mother, _if thou\ndare_), 1380; inf. s\u00eacean, 200, 268, 646, 1598, 1870, 1990, 2514(?), 3103,\netc.; s\u00eacan, 665, 1451; drihten s\u00eacean (_seek, go to, the Lord_), 187;\ns\u00eacean wyn-le\u00e1s w\u00eec (_Grendel was to seek a joyless place_, i.e. Hell),\n822; so, s\u00eacan de\u00f3fla gedr\u00e4g, 757; s\u00e2wle s\u00eacan (_seek the life, kill_),\n802; so, s\u00eacean s\u00e2wle hord, 2423; gerund. s\u00e4cce t\u00f4 s\u00eaceanne, 2563; pret.\nsg. I., III. s\u00f4hte, 139, 208, 376, 417, 2224; II. s\u00f4htest, 458; pl. s\u00f4hton,\n339.--3) _to seek, attack_: \u00fee \u00fbs s\u00eacea\u00f0 t\u00f4 Swe\u00f3na le\u00f3de, 3002; pret. pl.\nhine wr\u00e4c-m\u00e4cgas ofer s\u00e6 s\u00f4htan, 2381.\n\nge-s\u00eacan: 1) _to seek_, w. acc.: inf. gif he ges\u00eacean dear w\u00eeg ofer w\u00e6pen,\n685.--2) _to look for, come_ or _go to attain_, w. acc.: inf. ge-s\u00eacean,\n693; gerund, t\u00f4 ge-s\u00eacanne, 1923; pret. sg. ge-s\u00f4hte, 463, 520, 718, 1952;\npret. part. nom. pl. feor-c\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e be\u00f3\u00f0 s\u00ealran ge-s\u00f4hte \u00feam \u00fee hine selfa\nde\u00e1h, 1840.--3) _to seek with hostile intent, to attack_: pres. sg.\nge-s\u00eace\u00f0 2516; pret. sg. ge-s\u00f4hte, 2347; pl. ge-s\u00f4hton, 2927; ge-s\u00f4htan,\n2205.\n\nofer-s\u00eacan, w. acc., _to surpass, outdo_ (in an attack): pres. sg. w\u00e4s si\u00f3\nhond t\u00f4 strong, se \u00fee m\u00eaca gehwane ... swenge ofer-s\u00f4hte, \u00feonne he t\u00f4 s\u00e4cce\nb\u00e4r w\u00e6pen wundrum heard (_too strong was the hand, that surpassed every\nsword in stroke, when he_ [Be\u00f3wulf] _bore the wondrous weapon to battle_,\ni.e. the hand was too strong for any sword; its strength made it useless in\nbattle), 2687.\n\ns\u00eal, st. f. See s\u00e6l.\n\ns\u00eal, s\u00e6l, adj., _good, excellent, fit_, only in compar.: nom. sg. m. s\u00ealra,\n861, 2194; \u00fe\u00e6m \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00ealra w\u00e4s (_to the one that was the better_, i.e.\nHygel\u00e2c), 2200; de\u00e1\u00f0 bi\u00f0 s\u00ealla \u00feonne edw\u00eet-l\u00eef, 2891; neut. s\u00ealre, 1385;\nacc. sg. m. s\u00ealran \u00fee (_a better than thee_), 1851; s\u00ealran, 1198; neut. \u00fe\u00e4t\ns\u00ealre, 1760; dat. sg. m. s\u00ealran sweord-frecan, 1469; nom. pl. fem. s\u00ealran,\n1840. Superl., strong form: nom. sg. neut. s\u00ealest, 173, 1060; h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest,\n146, 285, 936; \u00f4fost is s\u00ealest, 256; bolda s\u00ealest, 2327; acc. sg. neut.\nhr\u00e4gla s\u00ealest, 454; h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest, 659; billa s\u00ealest, 1145;--weak form: nom.\nsg. m. reced s\u00ealesta, 412; acc. sg. m. \u00feone s\u00ealestan, 1407, 2383; (\u00fe\u00e4s,\nMS.), 1957; dat. sg. m. \u00fe\u00e4m s\u00ealestan, 1686; nom. pl. s\u00ealestan, 416; acc.\npl. \u00fe\u00e2 s\u00ealestan, 3123.\n\ns\u00eal, compar. adv., _better, fitter, more excellent_, 1013, 2531; ne by\u00f0 him\nwihte \u00fe\u00ea s\u00eal (_he shall be nought the better for it_), 2278; so, 2688.\n\nsealma (Frisian selma, in bed-selma), w. m., _bed-chamber, sleeping-place_:\nacc. sg. on sealman, 2461.\n\nsealt, adj., _salty_: acc. sg. neut. ofer sealt w\u00e4ter (_the sea_), 1990.\n\nsearo (G. sarwa, pl.), st. n.: 1) _armor, accoutrements, war-gear_: nom.\npl. s\u00e6-manna searo, 329; dat. pl. secg on searwum (_a man, warrior, in\npanoply_), 249, 2701; in (on) searwum, 323, 1558; 2531, 2569; instr. pl.\nsearwum, 1814.--2) _insidiae, ambuscade, waylaying, deception, battle_: \u00fe\u00e2\nic of searwum cwom, f\u00e2h from fe\u00f3ndum, 419.--3) _cunning, art, skill_:\ninstr. pl. sadol searwum f\u00e2h (_saddle cunningly ornamented_), 1039;\nearmbe\u00e1ga fela, searwum ge-s\u00e6led (_many cunningly-linked armlets_),\n2765.--Comp. fyrd-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, inwit-searo.\n\nsearo-bend, st. f., _band, bond, of curious workmanship_: instr. pl.\nsearo-bendum f\u00e4st, 2087.\n\nsearo-f\u00e2h, adj., _cunningly inlaid, ornamented, with gold_: nom. sg.\nhere-byrne hondum ge-broden, s\u00eed and searo-f\u00e2h, 1445.\n\nsearo-ge-\u00fer\u00e4c, st. n., _heap of treasure-objects_: acc. sg., 3103.\n\nsearo-gim, st. m., _cunningly set gem, rich jewel_: acc. pl. searo-gimmas,\n2750; gen. pl. searo-gimma, 1158.\n\nsearo-grim, adj., _cunning and fierce_: nom. sg., 595.\n\nsearo-h\u00e4bbend, pres. part. as subst., _arms-bearing, warrior with his\ntrappings_: gen. pl. searo-h\u00e4bbendra, 237.\n\nsearo-net, st. n., _armor-net, shirt of mail, corselet_: nom. sg., 406.\n\nsearo-n\u00ee\u00f0, st. m.: 1) _cunning hostility, plot, wiles_: acc. pl.\nsearo-n\u00ee\u00f0as, 1201, 2739.--2) also, only _hostility, feud, contest_: acc.\npl. searo-n\u00ee\u00f0as, 3068; gen. pl. searo-n\u00ee\u00f0a, 582.\n\nsearo-\u00feanc, st. m., _ingenuity_: instr. pl. searo-\u00feoncum, 776.\n\nsearo-wundor, st. n., _rare wonder_: acc. sg., 921.\n\nseax, st. n., _shortsword, hip-knife; dagger_: instr. sg. seaxe,\n1546.--Comp. w\u00e4l-seax.\n\nseax-ben, st. f., _dagger-wound_: instr. pl. siex-bennum, 2905.\n\nseofon, num., _seven_, 517; seofan, 2196; decl. acc. syfone, 3123.\n\nseomian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to be tied; lie at rest_: inf. siomian, 2768;\npret. sg. seomode, 302.--2) w. acc., _to put in bonds, entrap, catch_:\npret. sg. dugu\u00f0e and geogo\u00f0e seomade (cf. 2086-2092), 161.\n\nseonu, st. f., _sinew_: nom. pl. seonowe, 818.\n\nse\u00f3c, adj., _feeble, weak; fatally ill_: nom. sg. feorh-bennum se\u00f3c (of\nBe\u00f3wulf, _sick unto death_), 2741; siex-bennum se\u00f3c (of the dead dragon),\n2905; nom. pl. m\u00f4des se\u00f3ce (_sick of soul_), 1604.--Comp.: ellen-, feorh-,\nhea\u00f0o-se\u00f3c.\n\nse\u00f3\u00f0an, st. v. w. acc., _to seethe, boil_; figuratively, _be excited over,\nbrood_: pret. sg. ic \u00fe\u00e4s m\u00f4d-ceare sorh-wylmum se\u00e1\u00f0 (_I pined in\nheart-grief for that_), 1994; so, 190.\n\nse\u00f3lo\u00f0, st. m.?, _bight, bay_ (cf. Dietrich in Haupt XI. 416): gen. pl.\nsi\u00f3le\u00f0a bi-gong (_the realm of bights_ = the [surface of the] sea?), 2368.\n\nse\u00f3n, s\u00fdn, st. f., _aspect, sight_: in comp. wlite-, wundor-se\u00f3n, an-s\u00fdn.\n\nse\u00f3n, st. v., _to see_: a) w. acc.: inf. searo-wunder se\u00f3n, 921; so, 387,\n1181, 1276, 3103; \u00fe\u00e6r m\u00e4g nihta ge-hw\u00e6m n\u00ee\u00f0-wundor se\u00f3n (_there may every\nnight be seen a repulsive marvel_), 1366; pret. sg. ne seah ic ...\nheal-sittendra medudre\u00e1m m\u00e2ran, 2015.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.: ne\nseah ic el\u00fee\u00f3dige \u00feus manige men m\u00f4digl\u00eecran, 336.--c) w. prep. or adv.:\npret. sg. seah on enta ge-weorc, 2718; seah on un-le\u00f3fe, 2864; pl. folc t\u00f4\ns\u00e6gon (_looked on_), 1423.\n\nge-se\u00f3n, _to see, behold_: a) w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se \u00fee be\u00e1h ge-syh\u00f0,\n2042; inf. ge-se\u00f3n, 396, 571, 649, 962, 1079, etc.; pret. sg. geseah, 247,\n927, 1558, 1614; pl. ge-s\u00e2won, 1606, 2253.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.,\npres. sg. III. ge-syh\u00f0 ... on his suna b\u00fbre win-sele w\u00eastne (_sees in his\nson's house the wine-hall empty_; or, _hall of friends_?), 2456.--c) w.\ninf.: pret. sg. ge-seah ... beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas (_saw shining\nshields borne over the gang-plank_), 229; pret. pl. m\u00e6re m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-sweord\nmonige ge-s\u00e2won beforan beorn beran, 1024.--d) w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg.\nge-seah, 729, 1517, 1586, 1663, 2543, 2605, etc.; pl. ge-s\u00e2won, 221, 1348,\n1426; ge-s\u00eagan, 3039; ge-s\u00eagon, 3129.--e) w. depend, clause: inf. m\u00e4g \u00feonne\n... gese\u00f3n sunu Hr\u00ea\u00f0les, \u00fe\u00e4t ic (_may the son of H. see that I..._), 1486;\npret. pl. ge-s\u00e2won, 1592.\n\ngeond-se\u00f3n, _to see, look through, over_, w. acc.: pret. sg. (ic) \u00fe\u00e4t eall\ngeond-seh, 3088.\n\nofer-se\u00f3n, _to see clearly, plainly_: pret. pl. ofer-s\u00e2won, 419.\n\non-se\u00f3n, _to look on, at_, w. acc.: pret. pl. on-s\u00e2won, 1651.\n\nse\u00f3wian, w. v., _to sew, put together, link_: pret. part. searo-net se\u00f3wed\nsmi\u00f0es or-\u00feancum (_the corselet woven by the smith's craft_), 406.\n\nsib, st. f., _peace, friendship, relationship_: nom. sg., 1165, 1858; sibb,\n2601; acc. sibbe, 950, 2432, 2923; instr. sg. sibbe (_in peace_?),\n154.--Comp.: dryht-, fri\u00f0o-sib.\n\nsib-\u00e4\u00f0eling, st. m., _nobilis consanguineus, kindred prince_ or _nobleman_:\nnom. pl. -\u00e4\u00f0elingas, 2709.\n\nsibbe-gedryht, st. f., _body of allied_ or _related warriors_: acc. sg.\nsibbe-gedriht (the Danes), 387; (the Ge\u00e1tas), 730.\n\nsi\u00f0\u00f0an, sy\u00f0\u00f0an: 1) adv.: a) _since, after, from now on, further_, 142, 149,\n283, 567, 1903, 2052, 2065, 2176, 2703, 2807, 2921; seo\u00f0\u00f0an, 1876.--b)\n_then, thereupon, after_, 470, 686, 1454, 1557, 1690, 2208; seo\u00f0\u00f0an, 1938;\n\u00e6r ne si\u00f0\u00f0an (_neither before nor after_), 719.\n\n2) Conj.: a) w. ind. pres., _as soon as, when_, 413, 605, 1785, 2889,\n2912.--b) w. ind. pret., _when, whilst_, 835, 851, 1205, 1207, 1421, 1590,\n2357, 2961, 2971, 3128; seo\u00f0\u00f0an, 1776;--_since_, 649, 657, 983, 1199, 1254,\n1309, 2202;--_after_, either with pluperf.: si\u00f0\u00f0an him scyppend forscrifen\nh\u00e4fde (_after the Creator had proscribed him_), 106; so, 1473; or with\npret. = pluperf.: sy\u00f0\u00f0an niht becom (_after night had come on_), 115; so,\n6, 132, 723, 887, 902, 1078, 1149, 1236, 1262, 1282, 1979, 2013, 2125; or\npret. and pluperf. together, 2104-2105.\n\nsiex. See seax.\n\nsige-dryhten, st. m., _lord of victory, victorious lord_: nom. sg.\nsige-drihten, 391.\n\nsige-e\u00e1dig, adj., _blest with victory, victorious_: acc. sg. neut.\nsige-e\u00e1dig bil, 1558.\n\nsige-folc, st. n., _victorious people, troop_: gen. pl. sige-folca, 645.\n\nsige-hr\u00ea\u00f0, st. f., _confidence of victory_(?): acc. sg., 490. See Note.\n\nsige-hr\u00ea\u00f0ig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 94, 1598, 2757.\n\nsige-hw\u00eel, st. f., _hour_ or _day of victory_: gen. sg. sige-hw\u00eele, 2711.\n\nsige-le\u00e1s, adj., _devoid of victory, defeated_: acc. sg. sige-le\u00e1sne sang,\n788.\n\nsige-r\u00f4f, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 620.\n\nsige-\u00fee\u00f3d, st. f., _victorious warrior troop_: dat. sg. on sige-\u00fee\u00f3de,\n2205.\n\nsige-w\u00e6pen, st. n., _victor-weapon, sword_: dat. pl. sige-w\u00e6pnum, 805.\n\nsigl, st. n.: 1) _sun_: nom. sg. sigel, 1967.--2) _sun-shaped ornament_:\nacc. pl. siglu, 3165; sigle (bracteates of a necklace), 1201; gen. pl.\nsigla, 1158.--Comp. m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-sigl.\n\nsigor, st. m., _victory_: gen. sg. sigores, 1022; gen. pl. sigora, 2876,\n3056.--Comp.: hr\u00ea\u00f0-, w\u00eeg-sigor.\n\nsigor-e\u00e1dig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg. sigor-e\u00e1dig secg (of Be\u00f3wulf),\n1312, 2353.\n\nsin. See syn.\n\nsinc, st. n., _treasure, jewel, property_: nom. sg., 2765; acc. sg. sinc,\n81, 1205, 1486, 2384, 2432; instr. sg. since, 1039, 1451, 1616, 1883, 2218,\n2747; gen. sg. sinces, 608, 1171, 1923, 2072; gen. pl. sinca, 2429.\n\nsinc-f\u00e2h, adj., _treasure-decked_: acc. sg. neut. weak form, sinc-f\u00e2ge sel,\n167.\n\nsinc-f\u00e4t, st. n., _costly vessel_: acc. sg., 2232, 2301;--_a costly\nobject_: acc. sg., 1201 (i.e. mene); acc. pl. sinc-fato, 623.\n\nsinc-ge-stre\u00f3n, st. n., _precious treasure, jewel of value _: instr. pl.\n-gestre\u00f3num, 1093; gen. pl. -gestre\u00f3na, 1227.\n\nsinc-gifa, w. m., _jewel-giver, treasure-giver = prince, ruler_: acc. sg.\nsinc-gyfan, 1013; dat. sg. sinc-gifan (of Be\u00f3wulf), 2312; (of \u00c4schere),\n1343.\n\nsinc-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um, st. m., _treasure_: nom. sg., 2194.\n\nsinc-\u00feego, f., _acceptance, taking, of jewels_: nom. sg., 2885.\n\nsin-dolh, st. n., _perpetual_, i.e. incurable, _wound_: nom. sg. syn-dolh,\n818.\n\nsin-fre\u00e1, w. m., _wedded lord, husband_: nom. sg., 1935.\n\nsin-gal, adj., _continual, lasting_: acc. sg. fem, sin-gale s\u00e4ce, 154.\n\nsin-gales, adv. gen. sg., _continually, ever_, 1778; syngales, 1136.\n\nsingala, adv. gen. pl., the same, 190.\n\nsingan, st. v., _to sound, ring, sing_: pret. sg. hring-\u00eeren sc\u00eer song in\nsearwum (_the ringed iron rang in the armor_), 323; horn stundum song\nf\u00fbs-l\u00eec f[yrd]-le\u00f3\u00f0 (_at times the horn rang forth a ready battle-song_),\n1424; sc\u00f4p hw\u00eelum sang (_the singer sang at whiles_), 496.\n\n\u00e2-singan, _to sing out, sing to an end_: pret. part. le\u00f3\u00f0 w\u00e4s \u00e2-sungen,\n1160.\n\nsin-here, st. m., (_army without end_?), _strong army, host_: instr. sg.\nsin-herge, 2937.\n\nsin-niht, st. f., _perpetual night, night after night_: acc. pl. sin-nihte\n(_night after night_), 161.\n\nsin-scea\u00f0a, w. m., _irreconcilable foe_: nom. sg. syn-sca\u00f0a, 708; acc. sg.\nsyn-sca\u00f0an, 802.\n\nsin-sn\u00e6d, st. f., (_continuous biting_) _bite after bite_: dat. pl.\nsyn-sn\u00e6dum swealh (_swallowed bite after bite, in great bites_), 744.\n\nsittan, st. v.: 1) _to sit_: pres. sg. W\u00eegl\u00e2f site\u00f0 ofer Bi\u00f3wulfe, 2907;\nimper. sg. site nu t\u00f4 symle, 489; inf. \u00fe\u00e6r sw\u00ee\u00f0-ferh\u00f0e sittan eodon\n(_whither the strong-minded went and sat_), 493; eode ... t\u00f4 hire fre\u00e1n\nsittan (_went to sit by her lord_), 642; pret. sg. on wicge s\u00e4t (_sat on\nthe horse_), 286; \u00e4t f\u00f4tum s\u00e4t (_sat at the feet_), 500, 1167; \u00fe\u00e6r Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r\ns\u00e4t (_where H. sat_), 356; so, 1191, 2895; he gew\u00eargad s\u00e4t ... fre\u00e1n eaxlum\nne\u00e1h, 2854; pret. pl. s\u00e6ton, 1165; gistas s\u00eatan (MS. s\u00eacan) ... and on mere\nstaredon (_the strangers sat and stared on the sea_), 1603.--2) _to be in a\ncertain state_ or _condition_ (_quasi_ copula): pret. sg. m\u00e6re \u00fee\u00f3den ...\nunbl\u00ee\u00f0e s\u00e4t, 130.--Comp.: flet-, heal-sittend.\n\nbe-sittan, obsidere, _to surround, besiege_, w. acc.: bes\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 sin-herge\nsweorda l\u00e2fe wundum w\u00earge (_then besieged he with a host the leavings of\nthe sword, wound-weary_), 2937.\n\nfor-sittan, obstrui, _to pass away, fail_: pres. sg. e\u00e1gena bearhtm\nfor-site\u00f0 (_the light of the eyes passeth away_), 1768.\n\nge-sittan: 1) _to sit, sit together_: pret. sg. monig-oft ge-s\u00e4t r\u00eece to\nr\u00fbne (_very often sat the king deliberating with his council_ (see r\u00eece),\n171; wi\u00f0 earm ge-s\u00e4t (_supported himself upon his arm, sat on his arm_?),\n750; f\u00ea\u00f0a eal ge-s\u00e4t (_the whole troop sat down_), 1425; ge-s\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 wi\u00f0\nsylfne (_sat there beside, near to, him_, i.e. Hygel\u00e2c), 1978;\n\nge-s\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 on n\u00e4sse, 2418; so, 2718; pret. part. (sy\u00f0\u00f0an) ... we t\u00f4 symble\nge-seten h\u00e4fdon, 2105.--2) w. acc., _to seat one's self upon_ or _in\nsomething, to board_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 ic ... s\u00e6-b\u00e2t ge-s\u00e4t, 634.\n\nof-sittan, w. acc., _to sit over_ or _upon_: pret. sg. of-s\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 \u00feone\nsele-gyst, 1546.\n\nofer-sittan, w. acc., _to dispense with, refrain from_ (cf. ofer, 2 [c]):\npres. sg. I. \u00fe\u00e4t ic wi\u00f0 \u00feone g\u00fb\u00f0-flogan gylp ofer-sitte, 2529; inf. secge\nofer-sittan, 685.\n\non-sittan (O.H.G. int-sizzan, _to start from one's seat, to be startled_),\nw. acc., _to fear_: inf. \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e, atole ecg-\u00fer\u00e4ce e\u00f3wer le\u00f3de s\u00eew\u00f0e\nonsittan _to dread the hostility, the fierce contest, of your people_, 598.\n\nymb-sittan, _to sit around_, w. acc.: pret. pl. (\u00fe\u00e4t hie) ... symbel\nymb-s\u00e6ton (_sat round the feast_), 564. See ymb-sittend.\n\ns\u00eed, adj.: 1) _wide, broad, spacious, large_: nom. sg. (here-byrne, gl\u00f4f)\ns\u00eed, 1445, 2087; acc. sg. m. s\u00eedne scyld, 437; on s\u00eedne s\u00e6, 507; fem.\nbyrnan s\u00eede (of a corselet extending over the legs), 1292; ofer s\u00e6 s\u00eede,\n2395; neut. s\u00eede r\u00eece, 1734, 2200; instr. sg. s\u00eedan herge, 2348; acc. pl.\ns\u00eede s\u00e6-n\u00e4ssas, 223; s\u00eede scyldas, 325; gen. pl. s\u00eedra sorga (_of great\nsorrows_), 149.--2) in moral sense, _great, noble_: acc. sg. \u00feurh s\u00eedne\nsefan, 1727.\n\nside, adv., _far and wide, afar_, 1224.\n\ns\u00eed-f\u00e4\u00f0me, adj., _broad-bosomed_: acc. sg. s\u00eed-f\u00e4\u00f0me scip, 1918.\n\ns\u00eed-f\u00e4\u00f0med, _quasi_ pret. part., the same: nom. sg. s\u00eed-f\u00e4\u00f0med scip, 302.\n\ns\u00eed-rand, st. m., _broad shield_: nom. sg., 1290.\n\ns\u00ee\u00f0 (G. se\u00feu-s), adj., _late_: superl. nom. sg. s\u00ee\u00f0ast sige-hw\u00eele (_the\nlast hour, day, of victory_), 2711; dat. sg. \u00e4t s\u00ee\u00f0estan (_in the end, at\nlast_), 3014.\n\ns\u00ee\u00f0, adv. compar., _later_: \u00e6r and s\u00ee\u00f0 (_sooner and later, early and\nlate_), 2501.\n\ns\u00ee\u00f0 (G. sin\u00fe-s), st. m.: l) _road, way, journey, expedition_; esp., _road\nto battle_: nom. sg., 501, 3059, 3090; n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t \u00ea\u00f0e s\u00ee\u00f0 (_that was no easy\nroad, task_), 2587; so, \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s ge\u00f3cor s\u00ee\u00f0, 766; acc. sg. s\u00ee\u00f0, 353, 512,\n909, 1279, 1430, 1967; instr. dat. s\u00ee\u00f0e, 532, 1952, 1994; gen. sg. s\u00ee\u00f0es,\n579, 1476, 1795, 1909. Also, _return_: nom. sg., 1972.--2) _undertaking,\nenterprise_; esp., _battle-work_: nom. sg. nis \u00fe\u00e4t e\u00f3wer s\u00ee\u00f0, 2533; ne bi\u00f0\nswylc earges s\u00ee\u00f0 (_such is no coward's enterprise_), 2542; acc. sg. s\u00ee\u00f0,\n873. In pl.= _adventures_: nom. s\u00ee\u00f0as, 1987; acc. s\u00ee\u00f0as, 878; gen. s\u00ee\u00f0a,\n318.--3) time (as iterative): nom. sg. n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t forma s\u00ee\u00f0 (_that was not the\nfirst time_), 717, 1464; so, 1528, 2626; acc. sg. oftor micle \u00feonne on \u00e6nne\ns\u00ee\u00f0, 1580; instr. sg. (forman, \u00f4\u00f0re, \u00feriddan) s\u00ee\u00f0e, 741, 1204, 2050, 2287,\n2512, 2518, 2671, 2689, 3102.--Comp.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, s\u00e6-,\nwil-, wr\u00e6c-s\u00ee\u00f0.\n\nge-s\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _comrade, follower_: gen. sg. ge-s\u00ee\u00f0es, 1298; nom. pl.\nge-s\u00ee\u00f0as, 29; acc. pl. ge-s\u00ee\u00f0as, 2041, 2519; dat. pl. ge-s\u00ee\u00f0um, 1314, 1925,\n2633; gen. pl. ge-s\u00ee\u00f0a, 1935.--Comp.: eald-, wil-ges\u00ee\u00f0.\n\ns\u00ee\u00f0-f\u00e4t, st. m., _way, journey_: acc. sg. \u00feone s\u00ee\u00f0-f\u00e4t, 202; dat. sg.\ns\u00ee\u00f0-fate, 2640.\n\ns\u00ee\u00f0-fram, -from, adj., _ready for the journey_: nom. pl. s\u00ee\u00f0-frome, 1814.\n\ns\u00ee\u00f0ian, w. v., _to journey, march_: inf., 721, 809; pret. sg. s\u00ee\u00f0ode, 2120.\n\nfor-s\u00ee\u00f0ian, _iter fatale inire_ (Grein): pret. sg. h\u00e4fde \u00fe\u00e2 for-s\u00ee\u00f0od sunu\nEcg-\u00fee\u00f3wes under gynne grund _(would have found his death_, etc.), 1551.\n\ns\u00eee, s\u00fd. See wesan.\n\ns\u00eegan, st. v., _to descend, sink, incline_: pret. pl. sigon \u00e4t-somne\n(_descended together_), 307; sigon \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00f4 sl\u00e6pe _(they sank to sleep_),\n1252.\n\nge-s\u00eegan, _to sink, fall_: inf. ge-s\u00eegan \u00e4t s\u00e4cce (_fall in battle_), 2660.\n\ns\u00een, poss. pron., _his_: acc. sg. m. s\u00eenne, 1961, 1985, 2284, 2790; dat.\nsg. s\u00eenum, 1508.\n\nsl\u00e6p, st. m., _sleep_: nom. sg., 1743; dat. sg. t\u00f4 sl\u00e6pe, 1252.\n\nsl\u00e6pan, st. v., _to sleep_: pres. part. nom. sg. sl\u00e6pende, 2220; acc. sg.\nhe gef\u00eang ... sl\u00e6pendne rinc (_seized a sleeping warrior]_, 742; acc. pl.\nsl\u00e6pende fr\u00e4t folces Denigea f\u00eeftyne men _(devoured, sleeping, fifteen of\nthe people of the Danes_), 1582.\n\nsleac, adj., _slack, lazy_: nom. sg., 2188.\n\nsleahan, sle\u00e1n: 1) _to strike, strike at_: a) intrans.: pres. subj. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t\nhe me onge\u00e1n sle\u00e1 (_that he should strike at me_), 682; pret. sg. yrringa\nsl\u00f4h (_struck angrily_), 1566; so, sl\u00f4h hilde-bille, 2680. b) trans.: pret.\nsg. \u00fe\u00e4t he \u00feone n\u00ee\u00f0-g\u00e4st nio\u00f0or hw\u00eane sl\u00f4h _(that he struck the dragon\nsomewhat lower_, etc.), 2700.--2) w. acc.: _to slay, kill_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s\n\u00fee he Abel sl\u00f4g (_because he slew A._), 108; so, sl\u00f4g, 421, 2180; sl\u00f4h,\n1582, 2356; pl. sl\u00f4gon, 2051; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s Fin sl\u00e4gen, 1153.\n\nge-sle\u00e1n, w. acc.: 1) _to fight a battle_: pret. sg. ge-sl\u00f4h \u00fe\u00een f\u00e4der\nf\u00e6h\u00f0e m\u00e6ste, 459.--2) _to gain by fighting_: sy\u00f0\u00f0an hie \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e6r\u00f0a ge-sl\u00f4gon,\n2997.\n\nof-sle\u00e1n, _to ofslay, kill_, w. acc.: pret. sg. of-sl\u00f4h, 574, 1666, 3061.\n\nsl\u00ee\u00f0e (G. slei\u00fe-s), adj., _savage, fierce, dangerous_: acc. sg. \u00feurh sl\u00ee\u00f0ne\nn\u00ee\u00f0, 184; gen. pl. sl\u00ee\u00f0ra ge-slyhta, 2399.\n\nsl\u00ee\u00f0en, adj., _furious, savage, deadly_ nom. sg. sweord-bealo sl\u00ee\u00f0en, 1148.\n\nsl\u00eetan, st. v., _to slit, tear to pieces_, w. acc.: pret. sg. sl\u00e2t\n(sl\u00e6pendne rinc), 742.\n\nslyht, st. m., _blow_: in comp. and-slyht.\n\nge-slyht, st. n. (collective), _battle, conflict_: gen. pl. sl\u00ee\u00f0ra\nge-slyhta, 2399.\n\nsmi\u00f0, st. m., _smith, armorer_: nom. sg. w\u00e6pna smi\u00f0, 1453; gen. sg. smi\u00f0es,\n406.--Comp. wundor-smi\u00f0.\n\nbe-smi\u00f0ian, w. v., _to surround with iron-work, bands_, etc.: pret. part.\nhe (the hall Heorot) \u00fe\u00e4s f\u00e4ste w\u00e4s innan and \u00fbtan \u00eeren-bendum searo-\u00feoncum\nbesmi\u00f0od (i.e. the beams out of which the hall was built were held together\nskilfully, within and without, by iron clamps), 776.\n\nsnell, adj., _fresh, vigorous, lively; of martial temper_: nom. sg. se\nsnella, 2972.\n\nsnell\u00eec, adj., the same: nom. sg., 691.\n\nsnotor, snottor, adj., _clever, wise, intelligent_: nom. sg. snotor, 190,\n827, 909, 1385; in weak form, (se) snottra, 1314, 1476, 1787; snotra, 2157,\n3121; nom. pl. snotere, 202, 416; snottre, 1592.--Comp. fore-snotor.\n\nsnotor-l\u00eece, adv., _intelligently, wisely_: compar. snotor-l\u00eecor, 1483.\n\nsn\u00fbde, adv., _hastily, quickly, soon_, 905, 1870, 1972, 2326, 2569, 2753.\n\nbe-sny\u00f0ian, w. v., _to rob, deprive of_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4tte Ongen\u00fei\u00f3 ealdre\nbe-sny\u00f0ede H\u00e6\u00f0cyn, 2925.\n\nsnyrian, w. v., _to hasten, hurry_: pret. pl. snyredon \u00e4t-somne (_hurried\nforward together_), 402.\n\nsnyttru, f., _intelligence, wisdom_: acc. sg. snyttru, 1727; dat. pl. mid\nm\u00f4des snyttrum, 1707; \u00fee we ealle \u00e6r ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed\nwhich all of us together could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_),\n943. Adv., _wisely_, 873.\n\nsomne. See samne.\n\nsorgian, w. v.: 1) _to be grieved, sorrow_: imper. sg. II. ne sorga!\n1385.--2) _to care for, trouble one's self about_: inf. n\u00f4 \u00feu ymb m\u00eenes ne\n\u00feearft l\u00eeces feorme leng sorgian (_thou needst not care longer about my\nlife's [body's] sustenance_), 451.\n\nsorh, st. f., _grief, pain, sorrow_: nom. sg., 1323; sorh is me t\u00f4 secganne\n(_pains me to say_), 473; acc. sg. sorge, 119, 2464; dat. instr. sg. mid\n\u00fe\u00e6re sorge, 2469; sorge (_in sorrow, grieved_), 1150; gen. sg. worna fela\n... sorge, 2005; dat. pl. sorgum, 2601; gen. pl. sorga, 149.--Comp.: hyge-,\ninwit-, \u00feegn-sorh.\n\nsorh-cearig, adj., _curis sollicitus, heart-broken_: nom. sg., 2456.\n\nsorh-ful, adj., _sorrowful, troublesome, difficult_: nom. sg., 2120; acc.\nsg. sorh-fullne (sorh-fulne) s\u00ee\u00f0, 512, 1279, 1430.\n\nsorh-le\u00e1s, adj., _free from sorrow_ or _grief_: nom. sg., 1673.\n\nsorh-leo\u00f0, st. n., _dirge, song of sorrow_: acc. sg., 2461.\n\nsorh-wylm, st. m., _wave of sorrow_ nom. pl. sorh-wylmas, 905.\n\ns\u00f4cn, st. f., _persecution, hostile pursuit_ or _attack_ (see s\u00eacan): dat,\n(instr.) \u00fe\u00e6re s\u00f4cne (by reason of Grendel's persecution), 1778.\n\ns\u00f4\u00f0, st. n., _sooth, truth_:: acc. sg. s\u00f4\u00f0, 532, 701, 1050, 1701, 2865;\ndat. sg. t\u00f4 s\u00f4\u00f0e (_in truth_), 51, 591, 2326.\n\ns\u00f4\u00f0, adj., _true, genuine_: nom. sg, \u00fe\u00e4t is s\u00f4\u00f0 metod, 1612; acc. sg. n.\ngyd \u00e2wr\u00e4c s\u00f4\u00f0 and s\u00e2r-l\u00eec, 2110.\n\ns\u00f4\u00f0e, adv., _truly, correctly, accurately_, 524; s\u00f4\u00f0e gebunden (of\nalliterative verse: _accurately put together_), 872.\n\ns\u00f4\u00f0-cyning, st. m., _true king_: nom. sg. sigora s\u00f4\u00f0-cyning (_God_), 3056.\n\ns\u00f4\u00f0-f\u00e4st, adj., _soothfast, established in truth, orthodox_ (here used of\nthe Christian martyrs): gen. pl. s\u00f4\u00f0-f\u00e4stra d\u00f4m (_glory, realm, of the\nsaints_), 2821.\n\ns\u00f4\u00f0-l\u00eece, adv., _in truth, truly, truthfully_, 141, 273, 2900.\n\ns\u00f4fte, adv., _gently, softly_: compar. \u00fe\u00fd s\u00eaft (_the more easily_),\n2750.--Comp. un-s\u00f4fte.\n\ns\u00f4na, adv., _soon, immediately_, 121, 722, 744, 751, 1281, 1498, 1592,\n1619, 1763, etc.\n\non-spannan, st. v., _to un-span, unloose_: pret. sg. his helm on-spe\u00f3n\n(_loosed his helm_), 2724.\n\nspel, st. n., _narrative, speech_: acc. sg. spell, 2110; acc. pl. spel,\n874; gen. pl. spella, 2899, 3030.--Comp. we\u00e1-spel.\n\nsp\u00ead, st. f.: 1) _luck, success_: in comp. here-, w\u00eeg-sp\u00ead.--2) _skill,\nfacility_: acc. sg. on sp\u00ead (_skilfully_), 874.\n\nsp\u00eewan, st. v., _to spit, spew_, w. instr.: inf. gl\u00eadum sp\u00eewan (_spit\nfire_), 2313\n\nspor, st. n., _spur_: in comp. hand-spor.\n\nsp\u00f4wan, st. v., _to speed well, help, avail_: pret. sg. him wiht ne spe\u00f3w\n(_availed him naught_), 2855; h\u00fb him \u00e4t \u00e6te spe\u00f3w (_how he sped in the\neating_), 3027.\n\nspr\u00e6c, st. f., _speech, language_: instr. sg. fr\u00eacnan spr\u00e6ce (_through\nbold, challenging, discourse_), 1105.--Comp.: \u00e6fen-, gylp-spr\u00e6c.\n\nsprecan, st. v., _to speak_: inf. ic sceal for\u00f0 sprecan gen ymbe Grendel\n_(I shall go on speaking about G._), 2070; w. acc. se \u00fee wyle s\u00f4\u00f0 sprecan\n(_he who will speak the truth_), 2865; imper. t\u00f4 Ge\u00e1tum sprec (spr\u00e6c, MS.),\n1172; pret. sg. III. spr\u00e4c, 1169, 1699, 2511, 2725; word \u00e4fter spr\u00e4c, 341;\nn\u00f4 ymbe \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e spr\u00e4c, 2619; II. hw\u00e4t \u00feu worn fela ... ymb Brecan spr\u00e6ce\n(_how much thou hast spoken of Breca!_), 531; pl. hw\u00e4t wit ge\u00f3 spr\u00e6con\n(_what we two spoke of before_), 1477; gomele ymb g\u00f4dne on-geador spr\u00e6con,\n\u00fe\u00e4t big ... _(the graybeards spoke together about the valiant one, that\nthey ..._), 1596; sw\u00e2 wit fur\u00f0um spr\u00e6con (_as we two spoke, engaged,\nbefore_), 1708; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s ... \u00fery\u00f0-word sprecen, 644.\n\nge-sprecan, w. acc., _to speak_: pret. sg. ge-spr\u00e4c, 676, 1399, 1467, 3095.\n\nspre\u00f3t, st. m., _pole; spear, pike_: in comp. eofor-spre\u00f3t.\n\nspringan, st. v., _to jump, leap; flash_: pret. sg. hr\u00e2 w\u00eede sprong _(the\nbody bounded far_), 1589; sw\u00e2t \u00e6drum sprong for\u00f0 under fexe (_the blood\nburst out in streams from under his hair_), 2967; pl. w\u00eede sprungon\nhilde-le\u00f3man (_flashed afar_), 2583. Also figuratively: bl\u00e6d w\u00eede sprang\n(_his repute spread afar_), 18.\n\nge-springan, _to spring forth_: pret. sg. sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t bl\u00f4d ge-sprang (_as the\nblood burst forth_), 1668. Figuratively, _to arise, originate_: pret. sg.\nSigemunde gesprong \u00e4fter de\u00e1\u00f0-d\u00e4ge d\u00f4m un-lytel, 885.\n\non-springan, _to burst in two, spring asunder_: pret. pl. seonowe\nonsprungon, burston b\u00e2nlocan 818.\n\nstandan, st. v.: 1) absolutely or with prep., _to stand_: pres. III. pl.\ne\u00f3red-geatwe \u00fee ge \u00fe\u00e6r on standa\u00f0 (_the warlike accoutrements wherein ye\nthere stand_), 2867; inf. ge-seah ... orcas stondan (_saw vessels\nstanding_), 2761; pret. sg. \u00e4t h\u00fd\u00f0e st\u00f4d hringed-stefna (_in the harbor\nstood the curved-prowed?, metal-covered?, ship_), 32; st\u00f4d on stapole\n(_stood near the [middle] column_), 927; so, 1914, 2546; \u00fe\u00e4t him on aldre\nst\u00f4d here-str\u00e6l hearda (_that the sharp war-arrow stood in his vitals_),\n1435; so, 2680; pl. g\u00e2ras st\u00f4don ... samod \u00e4t-g\u00e4dere (_the spears stood\ntogether_), 328; him big st\u00f4dan bunan and orcas (_by him stood cans and\npots_), 3048. Also of still water: pres. sg. III. nis \u00fe\u00e4t feor heonon ...\n\u00fe\u00e4t se mere stande\u00f0, 1363.--2) with predicate adj., _to stand, continue in\na certain state_: subj. pres. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fees sele stande ... rinca ge-hwylcum \u00eedel\nand unnyt (_that this hall stands empty and useless for every warrior_),\n411; inf. hord-wynne fand eald uht-scea\u00f0a opene standan, 2272; pret. sg. \u00f4\u00f0\n\u00fe\u00e4t \u00eedel st\u00f4d h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest, 145; so, 936; w\u00e4ter under st\u00f4d dre\u00f3rig and\nge-dr\u00eafed, 1418--3) _to belong_ or _attach to; issue_: pret. sg. Nor\u00f0-Denum\nst\u00f4d atel\u00eec egesa (_great terror clung to, overcame, the North Danes_),\n784; \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00e2num st\u00f4d sadol searwum f\u00e2h (_on one of the steeds lay an\ningeniously-inlaid saddle_), 1038; byrne-le\u00f3ma eldum on andan (_burning\nlight stood forth, a horror to men_), 2314; le\u00f3ht inne st\u00f4d (_a light stood\nin it_, i.e. the sword), 1571; him of e\u00e1gum st\u00f4d ... le\u00f3ht unf\u00e4ger (_an\nuncanny light issued from his eyes_), 727; so, \u00fe\u00e4t [fram] \u00feam gyste\n[gryre-] br\u00f4ga st\u00f4d, 2229.\n\n\u00e2-standan, _to stand up, arise_: pret. sg. \u00e2-st\u00f4d, 760, 1557, 2093.\n\n\u00e4t-standan, _to stand at, near_, or _in_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t hit (i.e. \u00fe\u00e4t\nswurd) on wealle \u00e4t-st\u00f4d, 892.\n\nfor-standan, _to stand against_ or _before_, hence: 1) _to hinder,\nprevent_: pret. sg. (bre\u00f3st-net) wi\u00f0 ord and wi\u00f0 ecge in-gang for-st\u00f4d\n(_the shirt of mail prevented point or edge from entering_), 1550; subj.\nnefne him witig god wyrd for-st\u00f4de (_if the wise God had not warded off\nsuch a fate from them_, i.e. the men threatened by Grendel), 1057.--2)\n_defend_, w. dat. of person against whom: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t he ... mihte\nhe\u00e1\u00f0o-l\u00ee\u00f0endum hord for-standan, bearn and br\u00fdde (_that he might protect\nhis treasure, his children, and his spouse from the sea-farers_), 2956.\n\nge-standan, intrans., _to stand_: pret. sg. ge-st\u00f4d, 358, 404, 2567; pl.\nnealles him on he\u00e1pe hand-gesteallan ... ymbe gest\u00f4don (_not at all did his\nboon-companions stand serried around him_), 2597.\n\nstapa, w. m., _stepper, strider_: in comp. h\u00e6\u00f0-, mearc-stapa.\n\nstapan, st. v., _to step, stride, go forward_: pret. sg. eorl fur\u00f0ur st\u00f4p,\n762; gum-f\u00ea\u00f0a stop lind-h\u00e4bbendra (_the troop of shield-warriors strode\non_), 1402.\n\n\u00e4t-stapan, _to stride up_ or _to_: pret. sg. for\u00f0 ne\u00e1r \u00e4t-st\u00f4p (_strode up\nnearer_), 746.\n\nge-stapan, _to walk, stride_: pret. sg. he to for\u00f0 gest\u00f4p dyrnan cr\u00e4fte,\ndracan he\u00e1fde ne\u00e1h (_he_, i.e. the man that robbed the dragon of the\nvessel, _had through hidden craft come too near the dragon's head_), 2290.\n\nstapol, st. m., (=[Greek: b\u00e1sis]), _trunk of a tree_; hence, _support,\npillar, column_: dat. sg. st\u00f4d on stapole (_stood by_ or _near the wooden\nmiddle column of Heorot_), 927; instr. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 st\u00e2n-bogan stapulum f\u00e4ste\n(_the arches of stone upheld by pillars_), 2719. See Note.\n\nstarian, w. v., _to stare, look intently at_: pres. sg. I. \u00fe\u00e4t ic on \u00feone\nhafelan ... e\u00e1gum starige (_that I see the head with my eyes_), 1782; \u00fe\u00e2ra\nfr\u00e4twa ... \u00fee ic her on starie (_for the treasures ... that I here look\nupon_), 2797; III. \u00feonne he on \u00fe\u00e4t sine stara\u00f0, 1486; sg. for pl. \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee\non swylc stara\u00f0, 997; pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t (sin-fre\u00e1) hire an d\u00e4ges e\u00e1gum starede,\n1936; pl. on mere staredon, 1604.\n\nst\u00e2n, st. m., 1) _stone_: in comp. eorclan-st\u00e2n.--2) _rock_: acc. sg. under\n(ofer) h\u00e2rne st\u00e2n, 888, 1416, 2554, 2745; dat. sg. st\u00e2ne, 2289, 2558.\n\nst\u00e2n-beorh, st. m., _rocky elevation, stony mountain_: acc. sg. st\u00e2n-beorh\nste\u00e1pne, 2214.\n\nst\u00e2n-boga, w. m., _stone arch, arch hewn out of the rock_: dat. sg.\nst\u00e2n-bogan, 2546; nom. pl. st\u00e2n-bogan, 2719.\n\nst\u00e2n-clif, st. n., _rocky cliff_: acc. pl. st\u00e2n-cleofu, 2541.\n\nst\u00e2n-f\u00e2h, adj., _stone-laid, paved with stones of different colors_: nom.\nsg. str\u00e6t w\u00e4s st\u00e2n-f\u00e2h (_the street was of different colored stones_), 320.\n\nst\u00e2n-hli\u00f0, st. n., _rocky slope_: acc. pl. st\u00e2n-hli\u00f0o, 1410.\n\nst\u00e4f, st. m.: 1) _staff_: in comp. r\u00fbn-staf.--2) _elementum_: in comp. \u00e2r-,\nende-, f\u00e2cen-st\u00e4f.\n\nst\u00e4l, st. m., _place, stead_: dat. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu me \u00e2 w\u00e6re for\u00f0-gewitenum on\nf\u00e4der st\u00e4le (_that thou, if I died, wouldst represent a father's place to\nme_), 1480.\n\nst\u00e6lan, w. v., _to place; allure_ or _instigate_: inf. \u00fe\u00e2 ic on morgne\nge-fr\u00e4gn m\u00e6g \u00f4\u00f0erne billes ecgum on bonan st\u00e6lan _(then I learned that on\nthe morrow one brother instigated the other to murder with the sword's\nedge_; or, _one avenged the other on the murderer_?, cf. 2962 seqq.), 2486.\n\nge-st\u00e6lan, _to place, impose, institute_: pret. part. ge feor hafa\u00f0 f\u00e6h\u00f0e\nge-st\u00e6led (_Grendel's mother has further begun hostilities against us_),\n1341.\n\nstede, st. m., _place, -stead_: in comp. b\u00e6l-, burh-, folc-, he\u00e1h-, me\u00f0el-,\nwang-, w\u00eec-stede.\n\nstefn, st. f., _voice_: nom. sg., 2553; instr. sg. niwan (ni\u00f3wan) stefne\n(properly nov\u00e2 voce) = denuo, _anew, again_, 2595, 1790.\n\nstefn, st. m., _prow of a ship_: acc. sg., 213; see bunden-, hringed-,\nwunden-stefna.\n\non-stellan, w. v., _constituere, to cause, bring about_: pret. sg. se \u00fe\u00e4s\nor-leges \u00f4r on-stealde, 2408.\n\nsteng, st. m., _pole, pike_: in comp w\u00e4l-steng.\n\nge-steppan, w. v., _to stride, go_: pret. sg. folce ge-stepte ofer s\u00e6 s\u00eede\nsunu \u00d4htheres (_O.'s son_, i.e. E\u00e1dgils, _went with warriors over the broad\nsea_), 2394.\n\nstede (O.H.G. st\u00e2ti, M.H.G. st\u00e6te), adj., _firm, steady_: nom. sg. w\u00e4s\nst\u00eade n\u00e4gla ge-hwylc st\u00fdle ge-l\u00eecost (_each nail-place was firm as steel_),\n986.\n\nst\u00eapan, w. v. w. acc., _to exalt, honor_: pret. sg. \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee hine mihtig god\n... eafe\u00f0um st\u00eapte, 1718.\n\nge-steald, st. n., _possessions, property_: in comp. in-gesteald, 1156.\n\nge-stealla, w. m., (contubernalis), _companion, comrade_: in comp. eaxl-,\nfyrd-, hand-, lind-, n\u00fdd-ge-stealla.\n\nstearc-heort, adj., (fortis animo), _stout-hearted, courageous_: nom. sg.\n(of the dragon), 2289; (of Be\u00f3wulf), 2553.\n\nste\u00e1p, adj., _steep, projecting, towering_: acc. sg. ste\u00e1pne hr\u00f4f, 927;\nst\u00e2n-beorh ste\u00e1pne, 2214; wi\u00f0 ste\u00e1pne rond, 2567; acc. pl. m. beorgas\nste\u00e1pe, 222; neut. ste\u00e1p st\u00e2n-hli\u00f0o, 1410.--Comp. hea\u00f0o-ste\u00e1p.\n\nstille, adj., _still, quiet_: nom. sg. w\u00eed-floga wundum stille, 2831.\n\nstille, adv., _quietly_, 301.\n\nstincan, st. v., _to smell; snuff_: pret. sg. stonc \u00fe\u00e2 \u00e4fter st\u00e2ne\n(_snuffed along the stone_), 2289.\n\nst\u00ee\u00f0, adj., _hard, stiff_: nom. sg. wunden-m\u00e6l (swurd) ... st\u00ee\u00f0 and\nst\u00fdlecg, 1534.\n\nst\u00ee\u00f0-m\u00f4d, adj., _stout-hearted, unflinching_: nom. sg., 2567.\n\nst\u00eeg, st. m., _way, path_: nom. sg., 320, 2214; acc. pl. st\u00eege nearwe,\n1410--Comp. medu-st\u00eeg.\n\nst\u00eegan, st. v., _to go, ascend_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 he t\u00f4 holme [st]\u00e2g (_when he\nplunged forward into the sea_), 2363; pl. beornas ... on stefn stigon, 212;\nWedera le\u00f3de on wang stigon, 225; subj. pret. \u00e6r he on bed stige, 677.\n\n\u00e2-st\u00eegan, _to ascend_: pres. sg. \u00feonon \u00fd\u00f0-geblond up \u00e2-st\u00eege\u00f0 won t\u00f4\nwolcnum, 1374; g\u00fb\u00f0-rinc \u00e2-st\u00e2h (_the fierce hero ascended_, i.e. was laid\non the pyre? or, _the fierce smoke_ [r\u00eac] _ascended?_), 1119; gamen eft\n\u00e2-st\u00e2h (_joy again went up, resounded_), 1161; wudu-r\u00eac \u00e2-st\u00e2h sweart of\nswio\u00f0ole, 3145; sw\u00eag up \u00e2-st\u00e2g, 783.\n\nge-st\u00eegan, _to ascend, go up_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 ic on holm ge-st\u00e2h, 633.\n\nstorm, st. m., _storm_: nom. sg. str\u00e6la storm (_storm of missiles_), 3118;\ninstr. sg. holm storme we\u00f3l (_the sea billowed stormily_), 1132.\n\nst\u00f4l, st. m., _chair, throne, seat_: in comp. brego-, \u00ea\u00f0el-, gif-,\ngum-st\u00f4l.\n\nst\u00f4w, st. f., _place, -stow_: nom. sg. nis \u00fe\u00e4t he\u00f3ru st\u00f4w (_a haunted\nspot_), 1373; acc. sg. fr\u00eacne st\u00f4we, 1379; grund-b\u00fbendra gearwe st\u00f4we _(the\nplace prepared for men_, i.e. death-bed; see gesacan and ge-n\u00fddan), 1007:\ncomp. w\u00e4l-stow.\n\nstrang, strong, adj., _strong; valiant; mighty_: nom. sg. w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t ge-win t\u00f4\nstrang (_that sorrow was too great_), 133; \u00feu eart m\u00e4genes strang (_strong\nof body_), 1845; w\u00e4s si\u00f3 hond t\u00f4 strong (_the hand was too powerful_),\n2685; superl. w\u00eegena strengest (_strongest of warriors_), 1544; m\u00e4genes\nstrengest (_strongest in might_), 196; m\u00e4gene strengest, 790.\n\nstr\u00e2dan? (cf. str\u00e6de = passus, gressus), _to tread_, (be)-_stride, stride\nover_ (Grein): subj. pres. se \u00feone wong str\u00e2de, 3074. See Note.\n\nstr\u00e6l, st. m., _arrow, missile_: instr. sg. biteran str\u00e6le, 1747; gen. pl.\nstr\u00e6la storm, 3118.\n\nstr\u00e6t, st. f., _street, highway_: nom. sg., 320; acc. sg. str\u00e6te, 1635;\nfealwe str\u00e6te, 917.--Comp.: lagu-, mere-str\u00e6t.\n\nstrengel, st. m., (_endowed with strength_), _ruler, chief_: acc. sg.\nw\u00eegena strengel, 3116.\n\nstrengo, st. f., _strength, power, violence_: acc. sg. m\u00e4genes strenge,\n1271; dat. sg. strenge, 1534; strengo, 2541;--dat. pl. strengum =\n_violently, powerfully_ [_loosed from the strings_?], 3118: in comp.\nhilde-, m\u00e4gen-, mere-strengo.\n\nstr\u00eagan (O.S. str\u00f4wian), w. v., _to strew, spread_: pret. part, w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4m\nyldestan ... mor\u00f0orbed str\u00ead (_the death-bed was spread for the eldest\none_), 2437.\n\nstre\u00e1m, st. m., _stream, flood, sea_: acc. sg. stre\u00e1m, 2546; nom. pl.\nstre\u00e1mas, 212; acc. pl. stre\u00e1mas, 1262: comp. brim-, e\u00e1gor-, firgen-,\nlagu-stre\u00e1m.\n\nge-stre\u00f3n (cf. stre\u00f3n = robur, vis), st. n., _property, possessions_;\nhence, _valuables, treasure, jewels_: nom. pl. Hea\u00f0o-beardna ge-stre\u00f3n\n(_the costly treasure of the Heathobeardas_, i.e. the accoutrements\nbelonging to the slain H.), 2038; acc. pl. \u00e4\u00f0elinga, eorla ge-stre\u00f3n, 1921,\n3168.--Comp.: \u00e6r-, eald-, eorl-, he\u00e1h-, hord-, long-, m\u00e2\u00f0m-, sinc-,\n\u00fee\u00f3d-ge-stre\u00f3n.\n\nstr\u00fbdan, st. v., _to plunder, carry off_: subj. pres. n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 on hlytme hw\u00e2\n\u00fe\u00e4t hord strude, 3127.\n\nge-str\u00fdnan, w. v. w. acc., _to acquire, gain_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee (_because_) ic\nm\u00f4ste m\u00eenum le\u00f3dum ... swylc ge-str\u00fdnan, 2799.\n\nstund, st. f., _time, space of time, while_: adv. dat. pl. stundum (_at\ntimes_), 1424.\n\nstyrian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to arrange, put in order, tell_: inf. secg eft\non-gan s\u00ee\u00f0 Be\u00f3wulfes snyttrum styrian (_the poet then began to tell B.'s\nfeat skilfully_, i.e. put in poetic form), 873.--2) _to rouse, stir up_:\npres. sg. III. \u00feonne wind styre\u00f0 l\u00e2\u00f0 ge-widru (_when the wind stirreth up\nthe loathly weather_), 1375.--3) _to move against, attack, disturb_: subj.\npres. \u00fe\u00e4t he ... hring-sele hondum styrede (_that he should attack the\nring-hall with his hands_), 2841.\n\nstyrman, w. v., _to rage, cry out_: pret. sg. styrmde, 2553.\n\nst\u00fdle, st. n., _steel_: dat. sg. st\u00fdle, 986.\n\nst\u00fdl-ecg, adj., _steel-edged_: nom. sg., 1534.\n\nbe-st\u00fdman, w. v., _to inundate, wet, flood_: pret. part. (w\u00e6ron) eal\nbenc-\u00feelu bl\u00f4de be-st\u00fdmed, 486.\n\nsuhtor-ge-f\u00e4deran (collective), w. m. pl., _uncle and nephew, father's\nbrother and brother's son_: nom. pl., 1165.\n\nsum, pron.: 1) indef., _one, a, any, a certain_; neut. _something_: a)\nwithout part. gen.: nom. sg. sum, 1252; hilde-rinc sum, 3125; neut. ne\nsceal \u00fe\u00e6r dyrne sum wesan (_naught there shall be hidden_), 271; acc. sg.\nm. sumne, 1433; instr. sg. sume worde (_by a word, expressly_), 2157; nom.\npl. sume, 400, 1114; acc. pl. sume, 2941. b) with part. gen.: nom. sg.\ngumena sum (_one of men, a man_), 1500, 2302; mere-hr\u00e4gla sum, 1906; \u00fe\u00e4t\nw\u00e4s wundra sum, 1608; acc. sg. gylp-worda sum, 676. c) with gen. of\ncardinals or notions of multitude: nom. sg. f\u00eeftena sum (_one of fifteen,\nwith fourteen companions_), 207; so, eahta sum, 3124; fe\u00e1ra sum (_one of\nfew, with a few_), 1413; acc. sg. manigra sumne (_one of many, with many_),\n2092; manna cynnes sumne (_one of the men_), i.e. one of the watchmen in\nHeorot), 714; fe\u00e1ra sumne (_some few, one of few_; or, _one of the foes_?),\n3062.--2) with part. gen. sum sometimes = _this, that, the\nafore-mentioned_: nom. sg. e\u00f3wer sum (_a certain one, that one, of you_,\ni.e. Be\u00f3wulf), 248; g\u00fb\u00f0-beorna sum (_the afore-mentioned warrior_, i.e. who\nhad shown the way to Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's palace), 314; eorla sum (_the said knight_,\ni.e. Be\u00f3wulf), 1313; acc. sg. hord-\u00e4rna sum (_a certain hoard-hall_), 2280.\n\nsund, st. m.: 1) _swimming_: acc. sg. ymb sund, 507; dat. sg. \u00e4t sunde (_in\nswimming_), 517; on sunde (_a-swimming_), 1619; gen. sg. sundes, 1437.--2)\n_sea, ocean, sound_: nom. sg., 223; acc. sg. sund, 213, 512, 539, 1427,\n1445.\n\nge-sund, adj., _sound, healthy, unimpaired_: acc. sg. m. ge-sundne, 1629,\n1999; nom. pl. ge-sunde, 2076; acc. pl. w. gen. f\u00e4der alwalda ... e\u00f3wic\nge-healde s\u00ee\u00f0a ge-sunde (_the almighty Father keep you safe and sound on\nyour journey!_), 318.--Comp. an-sund.\n\nsund-ge-bland, st. n., (_the commingled sea_), _sea-surge, sea-wave_: acc.\nsg., 1451.\n\nsund-nyt, st. f., _swimming-power_ or _employment, swimming_: acc. sg.\nsund-nytte dre\u00e1h (_swam through the sea_), 2361.\n\nsundur, sundor, adv., _asunder, in twain_: sundur ged\u00e6lan (_to separate,\nsunder_), 2423.\n\nsundor-nyt, st. f., _special service_ (service in a special case): acc. sg.\nsundor-nytte, 668.\n\nsund-wudu, st. m., (_sea-wood_), _ship_: nom. acc. sg. sund-wudu, 208,\n1907.\n\nsunne, w. f., _sun_: nom. sg., 607; gen. sg. sunnan, 94, 649.\n\nsunu, st. m., _son_: nom. sg., 524, 591, 646, 981, 1090, 1486, etc.; acc.\nsg. sunu, 268, 948, 1116, 1176, 1809, 2014, 2120; dat. sg. suna, 344, 1227,\n2026, 2161, 2730; gen. sg. suna, 2456, 2613, (1279); nom. pl. suna, 2381.\n\ns\u00fb\u00f0, adv., _south, southward_, 859.\n\ns\u00fb\u00f0an, adv., _from the south_, 607; sigel s\u00fb\u00f0an f\u00fbs (_the sun inclined from\nthe south_), 1967.\n\nswa\u00f0rian, w. v., _to sink to rest, grow calm_: brimu swa\u00f0redon (_the waves\nbecame calm_), 570. See swe\u00f0rian.\n\nswa\u00f0u, st. f., _trace, track, pathway_: acc. sg. swa\u00f0e, 2099.--Comp.:\nsw\u00e2t-, wald-swa\u00f0u.\n\nswa\u00f0ul, st. m.? n.?, _smoke, mist_ (Dietrich in Haupt V. 215): dat. sg. on\nswa\u00f0ule, 783. See sweo\u00f0ol.\n\nswancor, adj., _slender, trim_: acc. pl. \u00feri\u00f3 wicg swancor, 2176.\n\nswan-r\u00e2d, st. f., _swan-road, sea_: acc. sg. ofer swan-r\u00e2de, 200.\n\nand-swarian, w. v., _to answer_: pret. sg. him se yldesta and-swarode, 258;\nso, 340.\n\nsw\u00e2: 1) demons, adv., _so, in such a manner, thus_: sw\u00e2 sceal man d\u00f4n,\n1173, 1535; sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e2 driht-guman dre\u00e1mum lifdon, 99; \u00fe\u00e4t ge-\u00e4fndon sw\u00e2 (_that\nwe thus accomplished_), 538; \u00fe\u00e6r hie meahton (i.e. feorh ealgian), 798; so,\n20, 144, 189, 559, 763, 1104, 1472, 1770, 2058, 2145, 2178, 2991; sw\u00e2\nmanl\u00eece _(so like a man_), 1047; sw\u00e2 fela (_so many_), 164, 592; sw\u00e2\nde\u00f3rl\u00eece d\u00e6d (_so valiant a deed_), 585; hine sw\u00e2 g\u00f4dne (_him so good_),\n347; on sw\u00e2 geongum feore (_in so youthful age_), 1844; ge-d\u00ea\u00f0 him sw\u00e2\nge-wealdene worolde d\u00e6las \u00fe\u00e4t ... (_makes parts of the world so subject to\nhim that_...), 1733. In comparisons = _ever, the_ (adv.): me \u00fe\u00een m\u00f4d-sefa\nl\u00eeca\u00f0 leng sw\u00e2 wel (_thy mind pleases me ever so well, the longer the\nbetter_), 1855. As an asseverative = _so_: sw\u00e2 me Higel\u00e2c s\u00eee ... m\u00f4des\nbl\u00ee\u00f0e (_so be Higelac gracious-minded to me!_), 435; sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h\n(_nevertheless, however_), 973, 1930, 2879; sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00eah, 2968; hw\u00e4\u00f0re sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h\n(_yet however_), 2443.--2): a) conj., _as, so as_: \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t his byre mihte\neorlscipe efnan sw\u00e2 his \u00e6rf\u00e4der (_until his son might do noble deeds, as\nhis old father did_), 2623; eft sw\u00e2 \u00e6r (_again as before_), 643;--with\nindic.: sw\u00e2 he selfa b\u00e4d (_as he himself requested_), 29; sw\u00e2 he oft dyde\n(_as he often did_), 444; g\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e2 Wyrd sw\u00e2 hi\u00f3 sceal, 455; sw\u00e2 guman\ngefrungon, 667; so, 273, 352, 401, 561, 1049, 1056, 1059, 1135, 1232, 1235,\n1239, 1253, 1382, etc.;--with subj.: sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00een sefa hwette _(as pleases thy\nmind_, i.e. any way thou pleasest), 490. b) _as, as then, how_, 1143; sw\u00e2\nhie \u00e2 w\u00e6ron ... n\u00fdd-gesteallan (_as they were ever comrades in need_), 882;\nsw\u00e2 hit di\u00f3pe ... be-nemdon \u00fee\u00f3dnas m\u00e6re (_as, [how?] the mighty princes\nhad deeply cursed it_), 3070; sw\u00e2 he manna w\u00e4s w\u00eegend weor\u00f0fullost (_as he\nof men the worthiest warrior was_), 3099. c) _just as, the moment when_:\nsw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t bl\u00f4d gesprang, 1668. d) _so that_: sw\u00e2 he ne mihte n\u00f4 (_so that he\nmight not..._), 1509; so, 2185, 2007.--3) = qui, quae, quod, German so:\nworhte wlite-beorhtne wang sw\u00e2 w\u00e4ter beb\u00fbge\u00f0 (_wrought the beauteous plain\nwhich_ (acc.) _water surrounds_), 93.--4) sw\u00e2 ... sw\u00e2 = _so ... as_, 595,\n687-8, 3170; efne sw\u00e2 ... sw\u00e2 (_even so ... as_), 1093-4, 1224, 1284; efne\nsw\u00e2 hwylc m\u00e4g\u00f0a sw\u00e2 (_such a woman as, whatsoever woman_), 944; efne sw\u00e2\nhwylcum manna sw\u00e2 (_even so to each man as_), 3058.\n\nfor-sw\u00e2fan, st. v., _to carry away, sweep off_: pret. sg. ealle Wyrd\nfor-swe\u00f3f m\u00eene m\u00e2gas t\u00f4 metod-sceafte, 2815.\n\nfor-sw\u00e2pan, st. v., _to sweep off, force_: pret. sg. hie Wyrd forswe\u00f3p on\nGrendles gryre, 477.\n\nsw\u00e2t, st. m., (_sweat_), _wound-blood_: nom. sg., 2694, 2967; instr. sg.\nsw\u00e2te, 1287.--Comp. hea\u00f0o-, hilde-sw\u00e2t.\n\nsw\u00e2t-f\u00e2h, adj., _blood-stained_: nom. sg., 1112.\n\nsw\u00e2tig, adj., _gory_: nom. sg., 1570.\n\nsw\u00e2t-swa\u00f0u, st. f., _blood-trace_: nom. sg., 2947.\n\nbe-sw\u00e6lan, w. v., _to scorch_: pret. part. w\u00e4s se l\u00eag-draca ... gl\u00eadum\nbesw\u00e6led, 3042.\n\nsw\u00e6s, adj., _intimate, special, dear_: acc. sg. sw\u00e6sne \u00ea\u00f0el, 520; nom. pl.\nsw\u00e6se ge-s\u00ee\u00f0as, 29; acc. pl. le\u00f3de sw\u00e6se, 1869; sw\u00e6se ge-s\u00ee\u00f0as, 2041; gen.\npl. sw\u00e6sra ge-s\u00ee\u00f0a, 1935.\n\nsw\u00e6s-l\u00eece, adv., _pleasantly, in a friendly manner_, 3090.\n\nswebban, w. v., (_to put to sleep_), _to kill_: inf. ic hine sweorde\nswebban nelle, 680; pres. sg. III. (absolutely) swefe\u00f0, 601.\n\n\u00e2-swebban, _to kill, slay_: pret. part. nom. pl. sweordum \u00e2-swefede, 567.\n\nswe\u00f0rian, w. v., _to lessen, diminish_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4t fyr ongan swe\u00f0rian,\n2703; pret. si\u00f0\u00f0an Herem\u00f4des hild swe\u00f0rode, 902.\n\nswefan, st. v.: 1) _to sleep_: pres. sg. III. swefe\u00f0, 1742; inf. swefan,\n119, 730, 1673; pret. sg. sw\u00e4f, 1801; pl. sw\u00e6fon, 704; sw\u00e6fun, 1281.--2)\n_to sleep the death-sleep, die_: pres. sg. III. swefe\u00f0, 1009, 2061, 2747;\npl. swefa\u00f0, 2257, 2458.\n\nswegel, st. n., _ether, clear sky_: dat. sg. under swegle, 1079, 1198; gen.\nsg. under swegles begong, 861, 1774.\n\nswegle, adj., _bright, etherlike, clear_: acc. pl. swegle searo-gimmas,\n2750.\n\nswegel-wered, _quasi_ pret. part., _ether-clad_: nom. sg. sunne\nswegl-wered, 607.\n\nswelgan, st. v., _to swallow_: pret. sg. w. instr. syn-sn\u00e6dum swealh\n(_swallowed in great bites_), 744; object omitted, subj. pres. nym\u00f0e l\u00eeges\nf\u00e4\u00f0m swulge on swa\u00f0ule, 783.\n\nfor-swelgan, w. acc., _to swallow, consume_: pret. sg. for-swealg, 1123,\n2081.\n\nswellan, st. v., _to swell_: inf. \u00fe\u00e2 si\u00f3 wund on-gan ... sw\u00ealan and\nswellan, 2714.\n\nsweltan, st. v., _to die, perish_: pret. sg. swealt, 1618, 2475; draca\nmor\u00f0re swealt (_died a violent death_), 893, 2783; wundor-de\u00e1\u00f0e swealt,\n3038; hioro-dryncum swealt, 2359.\n\nswencan, w. v., _to swink, oppress, strike_: pret. sg. hine wundra \u00fe\u00e4s fela\nswencte (MS. swecte) on sunde, 1511.\n\nge-swencan, _to oppress, strike, injure_: pret. sg. sy\u00f0\u00f0an hine H\u00e6\u00f0cyn ...\nfl\u00e2ne geswencte, 2439; pret. part. synnum ge-swenced, 976; h\u00e6\u00f0stapa hundum\nge-swenced, 1369.--Comp. lyft-ge-swenced.\n\nsweng, st. m., _blow, stroke_: dat. sg. swenge, 1521, 2967; swenge _(with\nits stroke_), 2687; instr. pl. sweordes swengum, 2387.--Comp.: feorh-,\nhete-, hea\u00f0o-, heoro-sweng.\n\nswerian, st. v., _to swear_: pret. w. acc. I. ne me sw\u00f4r fela \u00e2\u00f0a on unriht\n(_swore no false oaths_), 2739; he me \u00e2\u00f0as sw\u00f4r, 472.\n\nfor-swerian, w. instr., _to forswear, renounce (protect with magic\nformul\u00e6?)_: pret. part. he sige-w\u00e6pnum for-sworen h\u00e4fde, 805.\n\nsw\u00eag, st. m., _sound, noise, uproar_: nom. sg. sw\u00eag, 783; hearpan sw\u00eag, 89,\n2459, 3024; sige-folca sw\u00eag, 645; sang and sw\u00eag, 1064; dat. sg. sw\u00eage,\n1215.--Comp.: benc-, morgen-sw\u00eag.\n\nsw\u00ealan, w. v., _to burn_ (here of wounds): inf. sw\u00ealan, 2714. See sw\u00e6lan.\n\nsweart, adj., _swart, black, dark_: nom. sg. wudu-r\u00eac sweart, 3146; dat.\npl. sweartum nihtum, 167.\n\nsweo\u00f0ol (cf. O.H.G. suedan, suethan = cremare; M.H.G. swadem = vapor; and\nDietrich in Haupt V., 215), st. m.? n.?, _vapor, smoke, smoking flame_:\ndat. sg. ofer swio\u00f0ole (MS. swic \u00f0ole), 3146. See swa\u00f0ul.\n\nsweofot, st. m., _sleep_: dat. sg. on sweofote, 1582, 2296.\n\nsweolo\u00f0, st. m., _heat, fire, flame_: dat. sg. sweolo\u00f0e, 1116. Cf. O.H.G.\nsuilizo, suilizunga = ardor, cauma.\n\nsweorcan, st. v., _to trouble, darken_. pres. sg. III. ne him inwit-sorh on\nsefan sweorce\u00f0 (_darkens his soul_), 1738.\n\nfor-sweorcan, _to grow dark_ or _dim_: pres. sg. III. e\u00e1gena bearhtm\nfor-site\u00f0 and for-sworce\u00f0, 1768.\n\nge-sweorcan (intrans.), _to darken_: pret. sg. niht-helm ge-swearc, 1790.\n\nsweord, swurd, swyrd, st. n., _sword_: nom. sg. sweord, 1287, 1290, 1570,\n1606, 1616, 1697; swurd, 891; acc. sg. sweord, 437, 673, 1559, 1664, 1809,\n2253, 2500, etc.; swurd, 539, 1902; swyrd, 2611, 2988; instr. sg. sweorde,\n561, 574, 680, 2493, 2881; gen. sg. sweordes, 1107, 2194, 2387; acc. pl.\nsweord, 2639; nom. pl., 3049; instr. pl. sweordum, 567, 586, 885; gen. pl.\nsweorda, 1041, 2937, 2962.--Comp.: g\u00fb\u00f0-, m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-, w\u00e6g-sweord.\n\nsweord, st. f., _oath_: in comp. \u00e2\u00f0-sweord _(sword-oath_?), 2065.\n\nsweord-bealo, st. n., _sword-bale, death by the sword_: nom. sg., 1148.\n\nsweord-freca, w. m., _sword-warrior_: dat. sg. sweord-frecan, 1469.\n\nsweord-gifu, st. f., _sword-gift, giving of swords_: nom. sg. swyrd-gifu,\n2885.\n\nsweotol, swutol, adj.: 1) _clear, bright_: nom. sg. swutol sang sc\u00f4pes,\n90.--2) _plain, manifest_: nom. sg. syndolh sweotol, 818; t\u00e2cen sweotol,\n834; instr. sg. sweotolan t\u00e2cne, 141.\n\nswe\u00f3f, swe\u00f3p. See sw\u00e2fan, sw\u00e2pan.\n\nswi\u00f0, st. n.? (O.N. swi\u00f0i), _burning pain_: in comp. \u00fery\u00f0-swi\u00f0(?).\n\nswift, adj., _swift_: nom. sg. se swifta mearh, 2265.\n\nswimman, swymman, st. v., _to swim_: inf. swymman, 1625.\n\nofer-swimman, w. acc., _to swim over_ or _through_: pret. sg. ofer-swam\nsiole\u00f0a bigong (_swam over the sea_), 2368.\n\nswincan, st. v., _to struggle, labor, contend_: pret. pl. git on w\u00e4teres\n\u00e6ht seofon niht swuncon, 517.\n\nge-swing, st. n., _surge, eddy_: nom. sg. atol \u00fd\u00f0a geswing, 849.\n\nswingan, st. v., _to swing one's self, fly_: pres. sg. III. ne g\u00f4d hafoc\ngeond s\u00e4l swinge\u00f0, 2265.\n\nsw\u00eecan, st. v.: 1) _to deceive, leave in the lurch, abandon_: pret. sg.\nn\u00e6fre hit (_the sword_) \u00e4t hilde ne sw\u00e2c manna \u00e6ngum, 1461.--2) _to\nescape_: subj. pret. b\u00fbtan his l\u00eec swice, 967.\n\nge-sw\u00eecan, _to deceive, leave in the lurch_: pret. sg. g\u00fb\u00f0-bill ge-sw\u00e2c\nnacod \u00e4t n\u00ee\u00f0e, 2585, 2682; w. dat. se\u00f3 ecg ge-sw\u00e2c \u00fee\u00f3dne \u00e4t \u00feearfe (_the\nsword failed the prince in need_), 1525.\n\nsw\u00ee\u00f0, sw\u00fd\u00f0 (Goth, swin\u00fe-s), adj., _strong, mighty_: nom. sg. w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t ge-win\nt\u00f4 sw\u00fd\u00f0, 191.--Comp. nom. sg. si\u00f3 sw\u00ee\u00f0re hand (_the right hand_), 2099;\n_harsh_, 3086.\n\nsw\u00ee\u00f0e, adv., _strongly, very, much_, 598, 998, 1093, 1744, 1927; sw\u00fd\u00f0e,\n2171, 2188. Compar. sw\u00ee\u00f0or, _more, rather, more strongly_, 961, 1140, 1875,\n2199--Comp. un-sw\u00ee\u00f0e.\n\nofer-sw\u00ee\u00f0ian, w. v., _to overcome, vanquish_, w. acc. of person: pres. sg.\nIII. ofersw\u00fd\u00f0e\u00f0, 279, 1769.\n\nsw\u00ee\u00f0-ferh\u00f0, adj., (_fortis animo_), _strong-minded, bold, brave_: nom. sg.\nsw\u00fd\u00f0-ferh\u00f0, 827; gen. sg. sw\u00ee\u00f0-ferh\u00f0es, 909; nom. pl. sw\u00ee\u00f0-ferh\u00f0e, 493;\ndat. pl. sw\u00ee\u00f0-ferh\u00f0um, 173.\n\nsw\u00ee\u00f0-hycgend, pres. part. (_strenue cogitans_), _bold-minded, brave in\nspirit_: nom. sg. sw\u00ee\u00f0-hycgende, 920; nom. pl. sw\u00ee\u00f0-hycgende, 1017.\n\nsw\u00ee\u00f0-m\u00f4d, adj., _strong-minded_: nom. sg., 1625.\n\non-sw\u00eefan, st. v. w. acc., _to swing, turn, at_ or _against, elevate_:\npret. sg. biorn (Be\u00f3wulf) bord-rand on-sw\u00e2f wi\u00f0 \u00feam gryre-gieste, 2560.\n\nsw\u00eegian, w. v., _to be silent, keep silent_: pret. sg. lyt sw\u00eegode niwra\nspella (_kept little of the new tidings silent_), 2898; pl. sw\u00eegedon ealle,\n1700.\n\nsw\u00eegor, adj., _silent, taciturn_: nom, sg. weak, \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s sw\u00eegra secg ... on\ngylp-spr\u00e6ce g\u00fb\u00f0-ge-weorca, 981.\n\nsw\u00een, sw\u00fdn, st. n., _swine, boar_ (image on the helm): nom. sg. sw\u00fdn, 1112;\nacc. sg. sw\u00een, 1287.\n\nsw\u00een-l\u00eec, st. n., _swine-image_ or _body_: instr. pl. sw\u00een-l\u00eecum, 1454.\n\nsw\u00f4gan, st. v., _to whistle, roar_: pres. part. sw\u00f4gende l\u00eag, 3146.\n\nswutol. See sweotol.\n\nswylc, swilc (Goth, swa-leik-s), demons, adj. = _talis, such, such a_;\nrelative = _qualis, as, which_: nom. sg. swylc, 178, 1941, 2542, 2709;\nswylc ... swylc=talis ... qualis, 1329; acc. sg. swylc, 2799; eall ...\nswylc (_all ... which, as_), 72; \u00f4\u00f0er swylc (_such another_, i.e. hand),\n1584; on swylc (_on such things_), 997; dat. sg. g\u00fb\u00f0-fremmendra swylcum\n(_to such a battle-worker_, i.e. Be\u00f3wulf), 299; gen. sg. swylces hw\u00e4t\n(_some such_), 881; acc. pl. swylce, 2870; call swylce ... swylce, 3166;\nswylce twegen (_two such_), 1348; ealle \u00feearfe swylce (_all needs that_),\n1798; swylce hie ... findan meahton sigla searo-gimma (_such as they might\nfind of jewels and cunning gems_), 1157; efne swylce m\u00e6la swylce (_at just\nsuch times as_), 1250; gen. pl. swylcra searo-n\u00ee\u00f0a, 582; swylcra fela ...\n\u00e6r-gestre\u00f3na, 2232.\n\nswylce, adv., _as, as also, likewise, similarly_, 113, 293, 758, 831, 855,\n908, 921, 1147, 1166, 1428, 1483, 2460, 2825; ge swylce (_and likewise_),\n2259; swilce, 1153.\n\nswylt, st. m., _death_: nom. sg., 1256, 1437.\n\nswylt-d\u00e4g, st. m., _death-day_: dat. sg. \u00e6r swylt-d\u00e4ge, 2799.\n\nswynsian, w. v., _to sound_: pret. sg. hlyn swynsode, 612.\n\nswyrd. See sweord.\n\nsw\u00fd\u00f0l. See sw\u00ee\u00f0.\n\nsw\u00fdn. See sw\u00een.\n\nsy\u00f0\u00f0an (se\u00f0ian, Gen. 1525), w. v., _to punish, avenge_, w. acc.: inf. \u00feonne\nhit sweordes ecg sy\u00f0\u00f0an scolde (_then the edge of the sword should avenge\nit_), 1107.\n\nsy\u00f0\u00f0an. See si\u00f0\u00f0an.\n\nsyfan-wintre, adj., _seven-winters-old_: nom. sg., 2429.\n\nsyh\u00f0. See se\u00f3n.\n\nsyl (O.H.G. swella), st. f., _sill, bench-support_: dat. sg. fram sylle,\n776.\n\nsylfa. See selfa.\n\nsyllan. See sellan.\n\nsyll\u00eec. See sell\u00eec.\n\nsymbol, syml, st. n., _banquet, entertainment_: acc. sg. symbel, 620, 1011;\ngeaf me sinc and symbel (_gave me treasure and feasting_, i.e. made me his\nfriend and table-companion), 2432; \u00fe\u00e4t hie ... symbel ymbs\u00e6ton (_that they\nmight sit round their banquet_), 564; dat. sg. symle, 81, 489, 1009;\nsymble, 119, 2105; gen. pl. symbla, 1233.\n\nsymble, symle, adv., _continually, ever_: symble, 2451; symle, 2498; symle\nw\u00e4s \u00fe\u00fd s\u00e6mra (_he was ever the worse, the weaker_, i.e. the dragon), 2881.\n\nsymbel-wyn, st. f., _banqueting-pleasure, joy at feasting_: acc. sg.\nsymbel-wynne dre\u00f3h, 1783.\n\nsyn, st. f., _sin, crime_: nom. synn and sacu, 2473; dat. instr. pl.\nsynnum, 976, 1256, 3072.\n\nsyn. See sin.\n\nsyn-bysig, adj., (culpa laborans), _persecuted on account of guilt?_\n(Rieger), _guilt-haunted?_: nom. sg. secg syn-[by]sig, 2228.\n\nge-syngian, w. v., _to sin, commit a crime_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e4t w\u00e4s feohle\u00e1s\nge-feoht, fyrenum ge-syngad, 2442.\n\nsynnig, adj., _sin-laden, sinful_: acc. sg. m. sinnigne secg, 1380.--Comp.:\nfela-, un-synnig.\n\nge-synto, f., _health_: dat. pl. on gesyntum, 1870.\n\nsyrce. See serce.\n\nsyrwan, w. v. w. acc., _to entrap, catch unawares_: pret. sg. dugu\u00f0e and\ngeogo\u00f0e seomade and syrede, 161.\n\nbe-syrwan: 1) _to compass_ or _accomplish by finesse; effect_: inf. d\u00e6d \u00fee\nwe ealle \u00e6r ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed that all of us could not\naccomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943.--2) _to entrap by guile and\ndestroy_: inf. mynte se m\u00e2nsca\u00f0a manna cynnes sumne be-syrwan (_the fell\nfoe thought to entrap some one (all?_, see sum) _of the men_), 714.\n\ns\u00fdn, f., _seeing, sight, scene_: comp, an-s\u00fdn.\n\nge-s\u00fdne, adj., _visible, to be seen_: nom. sg. 1256, 1404, 2948, 3059,\n3160.--Comp.: \u00ea\u00f0-ge-s\u00fdne, \u00fd\u00f0-ge-s\u00eane.\n\n\nT\n\ntaligean, w. v.: 1) _to count, reckon, number; esteem, think_: pres. sg. I.\nn\u00f4 ic me ... hn\u00e2gran g\u00fb\u00f0-geweorca \u00feonne Grendel hine (_count myself no\nworse than G. in battle-works_), 678; w\u00ean ic talige ...\u00fe\u00e4t (_I count on the\nhope ... that_), 1846; telge, 2068; sg. III. \u00fe\u00e4t r\u00e6d tala\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t (_counts it\ngain that_), 2028.--2) _to tell, relate_: s\u00f4\u00f0 ic talige (_I tell facts_),\n532; sw\u00e2 \u00feu self talast (_as thou thyself sayst_), 595.\n\nt\u00e2cen, st. n., _token, sign, evidence_: nom. sg. t\u00e2cen sweotol, 834; dat.\ninstr. sg. sweotolan t\u00e2cne, 141; t\u00eeres t\u00f4 t\u00e2cne, 1655.--Comp. luf-t\u00e2cen.\n\nt\u00e2n, st. m., _twig_: in comp. \u00e2ter-t\u00e2n. [emended to \u00e2ter-te\u00e1rum in\ntext--KTH]\n\nge-t\u00e6can, w. v., _to show, point out_: pret. sg. him \u00fe\u00e2 hilde-de\u00f3r hof\nm\u00f4digra torht ge-t\u00e6hte (_the warrior pointed out to them the bright\ndwelling of the bold ones_, i.e. Danes), 313. Hence, _to indicate, assign_:\npret. s\u00f4na me se m\u00e6ra mago Healfdenes ... wi\u00f0 his sylfes sunu setl get\u00e6hte\n(_assigned me a seat by his own son_), 2014.\n\nt\u00e6le, adj., _blameworthy_: in comp. un-t\u00e6le.\n\nge-t\u00e6se, adj., _quiet, still_: nom. sg. gif him w\u00e6re ... niht ge-t\u00e6se\n(_whether he had a pleasant, quiet, night_), 1321.\n\ntela, adv., _fittingly, well_, 949, 1219, 1226, 1821, 2209, 2738.\n\ntelge. See talian.\n\ntellan, w. v., _to tell, consider, deem_: pret. sg. ne his l\u00eef-dagas le\u00f3da\n\u00e6nigum nytte tealde (_nor did he count his life useful to any man_), 795;\n\u00fe\u00e4t ic me \u00e6nigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (_I believed not\nthat I had any foe under heaven_), 1774; cw\u00e4\u00f0 he \u00feone g\u00fb\u00f0-wine g\u00f4dne tealde\n(_said he counted the war-friend good_), 1811; he \u00fbsic g\u00e2r-w\u00eegend g\u00f4de\ntealde (_deemed us good spear-warriors_), 2642; pl. sw\u00e2 (_so that_) hine\nGe\u00e1ta beam g\u00f4dne ne tealdon, 2185.--2) _to ascribe, count against, impose_:\npret. sg. (\u00dery\u00f0o) him w\u00e4lbende weotode tealde hand-gewri\u00f0ene, 1937.\n\nge-tenge, adj., _attached to, lying on_: w. dat. gold ... grunde ge-tenge,\n2759.\n\nte\u00e1r, st. m., _tear_: nom. pl. te\u00e1ras, 1873.\n\nteoh, st. f., _troop, band_: dat. sg. earmre teohhe, 2939.\n\n(ge?)-teohhian, w. v., _to fix, determine, assign_: pret. sg. ic for l\u00e4ssan\nle\u00e1n teohhode ... hn\u00e2hran rince, 952; pres. part. w\u00e4s \u00f4\u00f0er in \u00e6r geteohhod\n(_assigned_)... m\u00e6rum Ge\u00e1te, 1301.\n\nte\u00f3n, st. v., _to draw, lead_: inf. h\u00eaht ... eahta mearas ... on flet te\u00f3n\n(_bade eight horses be led into the hall_), 1037; pret. sg. me t\u00f4 grunde\nte\u00e1h f\u00e2h fe\u00f3nd-scea\u00f0a (_the many-hued fiend-foe drew me to the bottom_),\n553; eft-s\u00ee\u00f0as te\u00e1h (_withdrew, returned_), 1333; sg. for pl. \u00e6g-hwylcum\n...\u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee mid Be\u00f3wulfe brim-l\u00e2de te\u00e1h (_to each of those that crossed the\nsea with B._) 1052; pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s ... heard ecg togen (_then was the\nhard edge drawn_), 1289; wear\u00f0 ... on n\u00e4s togen (_was drawn to the\npromontory_), 1440.\n\n\u00e2-te\u00f3n, _to wander, go_, intrans.: pret. sg. t\u00f4 Heorute \u00e2-te\u00e1h (_drew to\nHeorot_), 767.\n\nge-te\u00f3n: 1) _to draw_: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-te\u00e1h, 2611; w. instr. and\nacc. hyre seaxe ge-te\u00e1h, brad br\u00fbn-ecg, 1546.--2) _to grant, give, lend_:\nimp. n\u00f4 \u00feu him wearne gete\u00f3h \u00fe\u00eenra gegn-cwida gl\u00e4dnian (_refuse not to\ngladden them with thy answer_), 366; pret. sg. and \u00fe\u00e2 Be\u00f3wulfe bega\ngehw\u00e4\u00f0res eodor Ingwina onweald ge-te\u00e1h (_and the prince of the Ingwins\ngave B. power over both_), 1045; so, he him \u00east gete\u00e1h (_gave possession\nof_), 2166.\n\nof-te\u00f3n, _to deprive, withdraw_, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg.\nScyld Sc\u00eafing ... monegum m\u00e6g\u00f0um meodo-setla of-te\u00e1h, 5; w. acc. of thing,\nhond ... feorh-sweng ne of-te\u00e1h, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne\nof-te\u00e1h, 1521.\n\n\u00feurh-te\u00f3n, _to effect_: inf. gif he torn-gem\u00f4t \u00feurh-te\u00f3n mihte, 1141.\n\nte\u00f3n (cf. te\u00f3h, _materia_, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., _to make, work_:\npret. sg. te\u00f3de, 1453;--_to furnish out, deck_: pret. pl. nalas hi hine\nl\u00e4ssan l\u00e2cum te\u00f3dan (_provided him with no less gifts_), 43.\n\nge-te\u00f3n, _to provide, do, bring on_: pres. sg. unc sceal weor\u00f0an ... sw\u00e2\nunc Wyrd ge-te\u00f3\u00f0, 2527; pret. sg. \u00fee him ... s\u00e2re ge-te\u00f3de (_who had done\nhim this harm_), 2296.\n\nge-te\u00f3na, w. m., _injurer, harmer_: in comp. l\u00e2\u00f0-ge-te\u00f3na.\n\ntil, adj., _good, apt, fit_: nom. sg. m. H\u00e2lga til, 61; \u00feegn ungemete till\n(of W\u00eegl\u00e2f), 2722; fem. w\u00e4s se\u00f3 \u00fee\u00f3d tilu, 1251; neut. ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t ge-wrixle\ntil, 1305.\n\ntilian, w. v. w. gen., _to gain, win_: inf. gif ic ... \u00f4wihte m\u00e4g \u00fe\u00eenre\nm\u00f4d-lufan m\u00e2ran tilian (_if I ... gain_), 1824.\n\ntimbrian, w. v., _to build_: pret. part. acc. sg. s\u00e4l timbred (_the\nwell-built hall_), 307.\n\nbe-timbrian, (construere), _to finish building, complete_: pret. pl.\nbetimbredon on tyn dagum beadu-r\u00f4fes b\u00eacn, 3161.\n\nt\u00eed, st. f., _-tide, time_: acc. sg. twelf wintra t\u00eed, 147; lange t\u00eed,\n1916; in \u00fe\u00e2 t\u00eede, 2228.--Comp.: \u00e2n-, morgen-t\u00eed.\n\nge-t\u00ee\u00f0ian (from tig\u00f0ian), w. v., _to grant_: pret. part. impers. w\u00e4s ...\nb\u00eane (gen.) ge-t\u00ee\u00f0ad fe\u00e1sceaftum men, 2285.\n\nt\u00eer, st. m., _glory, repute in war_. gen. sg. t\u00eeres, 1655.\n\nt\u00eer-e\u00e1dig, adj., _glorious, famous_: dat. sg. t\u00eer-e\u00e1digum menn (of\nBe\u00f3wulf), 2190.\n\nt\u00eer-f\u00e4st, adj., _famous, rich in glory_. nom. sg. (of Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 923.\n\nt\u00eer-le\u00e1s, adj., _without glory, infamous_: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.\n\ntoga, w. m., _leader_: in comp. folc-toga.\n\ntorht, adj., _bright, brilliant_: acc. sg. neut. hof ... torht,\n313.--Comp.: wuldor-torht, hea\u00f0o-torht (_loud in battle_).\n\ntorn, st. n.: 1) _wrath, insult, distress_: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen.\npl. torna, 2190.--2) _anger_: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.--Comp.\nl\u00eege-torn.\n\ntorn, adj., _bitter, cruel_: nom. sg, hre\u00f3wa tornost, 2130.\n\ntorn-ge-m\u00f4t, st. n., (_wrathful meeting_), _angry engagement, battle_: acc.\nsg., 1141.\n\nt\u00f4, I. prep. w. dat. indicating direction or tending to, hence: 1) local =\nwhither after verbs of motion, _to, up to, at_: com t\u00f4 recede (_to the\nhall_), 721; eode t\u00f4 sele, 920; eode t\u00f4 hire fre\u00e1n sittan, 642; g\u00e6\u00f0 eft ...\nt\u00f4 medo (_goeth again to mead_), 605; wand t\u00f4 wolcnum (_wound to the\nwelkin_), 1120; sigon t\u00f4 sl\u00e6pe (_sank to sleep_), 1252; 28, 158, 234, 438,\n553, 926, 1010, 1014, 1155, 1159, 1233, etc.; l\u00ee\u00f0-w\u00e6ge b\u00e4r h\u00e6lum t\u00f4 handa\n(_bore the ale-cup to the hands of the men? at hand?_), 1984; \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t niht\nbecom \u00f4\u00f0er t\u00f4 yldum, 2118; him t\u00f4 bearme cwom m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-f\u00e4t m\u00e6re (_came to his\nhands, into his possession_), 2405; s\u00e6lde t\u00f4 sande s\u00eed-f\u00e4\u00f0me scip\n(_fastened the broad-bosomed ship to the shore_), 1918; \u00feat se harm-sca\u00f0a\nt\u00f4 Heorute \u00e2-te\u00e1h (_went forth to Heorot_), 767. After verb sittan: site nu\nt\u00f4 symble (_sit now to the meal_), 489; si\u00f0\u00f0an ... we t\u00f4 symble geseten\nh\u00e4fdon, 2105; t\u00f4 ham (_home, at home_), 124, 374, 2993. With verbs of\nspeaking: ma\u00f0elode t\u00f4 his wine-drihtne (_spake to his friendly lord_), 360;\nt\u00f4 Ge\u00e1tum sprec, 1172; so, h\u00eaht \u00fe\u00e4t hea\u00f0o-weorc t\u00f4 hagan bi\u00f3dan (_bade the\nbattle-work be told at the hedge_), 2893.--2) with verbs of bringing and\ntaking (cf. under on, I., d): hra\u00f0e w\u00e4s t\u00f4 b\u00fbre Be\u00f3wulf fetod (_B. was\nhastily brought from a room_), 1311; si\u00f0\u00f0an H\u00e2ma \u00e4t-w\u00e4g t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6re byrhtan\nbyrig Br\u00f4singa mene (_since H. carried the Brosing-necklace off from the\nbright city_), 1200; we\u00e1n \u00e2hsode. f\u00e6h\u00f0o to Frysum (_suffered woe, feud as\nto, from, the Frisians_), 1208.--3) =end of motion, hence: a) _to, for, as,\nin_: \u00feone god sende folce t\u00f4 fr\u00f4fre (_for, as, a help to the folk_), 14;\ngesette ... sunnan and m\u00f4nan le\u00f3man to le\u00f3hte (_as a light_), 95; ge-s\u00e4t\n... t\u00f4 rune (_sat in counsel_), 172; wear\u00f0 he Hea\u00f0o-l\u00e2fe t\u00f4 hand-bonan,\n460; bringe ... t\u00f4 helpe (_bring to, for, help_), 1831; Jofore forgeaf\n\u00e2ngan d\u00f4htor ... hyldo t\u00f4 wedde (_as a pledge of his favor_), 2999; so,\n508(?), 666, 907, 972, 1022, 1187, 1263, 1331, 1708, 1712, 2080, etc.;\nsecgan t\u00f4 s\u00f4\u00f0e (_to say in sooth_), 51; so, 591, 2326. b) with verbs of\nthinking, hoping, etc., _on, for, at, against_: he t\u00f4 gyrn-wr\u00e4ce sw\u00ee\u00f0or\n\u00fe\u00f4hte \u00feonne t\u00f4 s\u00e6-l\u00e2de (_thought more on vengeance than on the\nsea-voyage_), 1139; s\u00e4cce ne w\u00eane\u00f0 t\u00f4 G\u00e2r-Denum (_nor weeneth of conflict\nwith the Spear-Danes_), 602; \u00feonne w\u00eane ic t\u00f4 \u00fee wyrsan ge\u00feinges (_then I\nexpect for thee a worse result_), 525; ne ic to Swe\u00f3\u00fee\u00f3de sibbe o\u00f0\u00f0e tre\u00f3we\nwihte ne w\u00eane (_nor expect at all of, from, the Swedes_ ...), 2923; wiste\n\u00fe\u00e4m ahl\u00e6can t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4m he\u00e1h-sele hilde ge-\u00feinged (_battle prepared for the\nmonster in the high hall_), 648; wel bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee mot t\u00f4 f\u00e4der f\u00e4\u00f0mum freo\u00f0o\nwilnian (_well for him that can find peace in the Father's arms_), 188;\n\u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee he ge-worhte t\u00f4 West-Denum (_of those that he wrought against the\nWest-Danes_), 1579.--4) with the gerund, inf.: t\u00f4 gefremmanne (_to do_),\n174; t\u00f4 ge-c\u00fd\u00f0anne (_to make known_), 257; t\u00f4 secganne (_to say_), 473; to\nbefle\u00f3nne (_to avoid, escape_), 1004; so, 1420, 1725, 1732, 1806, 1852,\n1923, 1942, etc. With inf.: t\u00f4 f\u00earan, 316; t\u00f4 friclan, 2557.--5) temporal:\ngew\u00e2t him t\u00f4 gesc\u00e4p-hw\u00eele (_went at(?) the hour of fate_; or, _to his fated\nrest?_), 26; t\u00f4 w\u00eedan feore (_ever, in their lives_), 934; \u00e2wa t\u00f4 aldre\n(_for life, forever_), 956; so, t\u00f4 aldre, 2006, 2499; t\u00f4 life (_during\nlife, ever_), 2433.--6) with particles: w\u00f4d under wolcnum t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee ...\n(_went under the welkin to the point where_ ...), 715; so, elne ge-eodon t\u00f4\n\u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee, 1968; so, 2411; he him \u00fe\u00e4s le\u00e1n for-geald ... t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee he on reste\ngeseah Grendel licgan (_he paid him for that to the point that he saw G.\nlying dead_), 1586; w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t bl\u00f4d t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s h\u00e2t (_the blood was hot to that\ndegree_), 1617; n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 long t\u00f4 \u00feon \u00fe\u00e4t (_'twas not long till_), 2592, 2846;\nw\u00e4s him se man t\u00f4 \u00feon le\u00f3f \u00fe\u00e4t (_the man was dear to him to that degree_),\n1877; t\u00f4 hwan si\u00f0\u00f0an wear\u00f0 hond-r\u00e6s h\u00e4le\u00f0a (_up to what point, how, the\nhand-contest turned out_), 2072; t\u00f4 middes (_in the midst_), 3142.\n\nII. Adverbial modifier, _quasi_ preposition [better explained in many cases\nas prep. postponed]: l) _to, towards, up to, at_: ge\u00f3ng s\u00f4na t\u00f4, 1786; so,\n2649; f\u00eah\u00f0 \u00f4\u00f0er t\u00f4, 1756; s\u00e6-l\u00e2c ... \u00fee \u00feu her t\u00f4 l\u00f4cast (_upon which thou\nhere lookest_), 1655; folc t\u00f4 s\u00e6gon (_the folk looked on_), 1423; \u00fe\u00e4t h\u00ee\nhim t\u00f4 mihton gegnum gangan (_might proceed thereto_), 313; se \u00fee him\nbealwa t\u00f4 b\u00f4te gel\u00fdfde (_who believed in help out of evils from him_, i.e.\nBe\u00f3wulf), 910; him t\u00f4 anwaldan \u00e2re ge-lyfde (_trusted for himself to the\nAlmighty's help_), 1273; \u00fee \u00fbs s\u00eacea\u00f0 t\u00f4 Swe\u00f3na le\u00f3de (_that the Swedes\nwill come against us_), 3002.--2) before adj. and adv., _too_: t\u00f4 strang\n(_too mighty_), 133; t\u00f4 f\u00e4st, 137; t\u00f4 sw\u00fd\u00f0, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743,\n1749, etc.; t\u00f4 fela micles (_far too much_), 695; he t\u00f4 for\u00f0 ge-st\u00f4p (_he\nhad gone too far_), 2290.\n\nt\u00f4\u00f0 (G. tun\u00feu-s), st. m., _tooth_: in comp. bl\u00f4dig-t\u00f4\u00f0 (adj.).\n\ntredan, st. v. w. acc., _to tread_: inf. s\u00e6-wong tredan, 1965; el-land\ntredan, 3020; pret. sg. wr\u00e4c-l\u00e2stas tr\u00e4d, 1353; medo-wongas tr\u00e4d, 1644;\ngr\u00e4s-moldan tr\u00e4d, 1882.\n\ntreddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., _to stride, tread, go_: pret. sg.\ntreddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (_strode about with a strong troop_),\n923.\n\ntrem, st. n., _piece, part_: acc. sg. ne ... f\u00f4tes trem (_not a foot's\nbreadth_), 2526.\n\ntre\u00f3w, st. f., _fidelity, good faith_: acc. sg. tre\u00f3we, 1073; sibbe o\u00f0\u00f0e\ntre\u00f3we, 2923.\n\ntre\u00f3w, st. n., _tree_: in comp. galg-tre\u00f3w.\n\ntre\u00f3wian. See tr\u00fbwian.\n\ntre\u00f3w-loga, w. m., _troth-breaker, pledge-breaker_: nom. pl. tre\u00f3w-logan,\n2848.\n\ntrodu, st. f., _track, step_: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.\n\nge-trum, st. n., _troop, band_: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.\n\ntrum, adj., _strong, endowed with_: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.\n\nge-tr\u00fbwan, w. v. w. acc., _to confirm, pledge solemnly_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 hie\ngetr\u00fbwedon on tw\u00e2 healfe f\u00e4ste frio\u00f0u-w\u00e6re, 1096.\n\ntr\u00fbwian, tre\u00f3wan, w. v., _to trust in, rely on, believe in_: 1) w. dat.:\npret. sg. s\u00ee\u00f0e ne tr\u00fbwode le\u00f3fes mannes (_I trusted not in the dear man's\nenterprise_), 1994; bearne ne tr\u00fbwode \u00fe\u00e4t he ... (_she trusted not the\nchild that_ ...), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferh\u00f0e tre\u00f3wde \u00fe\u00e4t he ... (_each\ntrusted his heart that_ ...), 1167.--2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d\ngeorne tr\u00fbwode m\u00f4dgan m\u00e4gnes, 670; wi\u00f0res ne tr\u00fbwode, 2954.\n\nge-tr\u00fbwian, _to rely on, trust in_, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-tr\u00fbwode,\nmund-gripe m\u00e4genes, 1534;--w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-tr\u00fbwode, w\u00eeges and\nwealles, 2323; strenge ge-tr\u00fbwode \u00e2nes mannes, 2541.\n\ntryddian. See treddian.\n\ntr\u00fdwe, adj., _true, faithful_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 gyt w\u00e4s ... \u00e6ghwylc \u00f4\u00f0rum tr\u00fdwe,\n1166.\n\nge-tr\u00fdwe, adj., _faithful_: nom. sg. her is \u00e6ghwylc eorl \u00f4\u00f0rum ge-tr\u00fdwe,\n1229.\n\nturf, st. f., _sod, soil, seat_: in comp. \u00ea\u00f0el-turf.\n\ntux, st. m., _tooth, tusk_: in comp. hilde-tux.\n\nge-tw\u00e6fan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, _to separate, divide,\ndeprive of, hinder_: pres. sg. III. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feec \u00e2dl o\u00f0\u00f0e ecg eafo\u00f0es ge-tw\u00e6fe\u00f0\n(_robs of strength_), 1764; inf. god e\u00e1\u00f0e m\u00e4g \u00feone dol-sca\u00f0an d\u00e6da\nge-tw\u00e6fan (_God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds_), 479;\npret. sg. sumne Ge\u00e1ta le\u00f3d ... feores getw\u00e6fde (_cut him off from life_),\n1434; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e6g-flotan wind ofer \u00fd\u00f0um s\u00ee\u00f0es ge-tw\u00e6fde (_the wind hindered\nnot the wave-floater in her course over the water_), 1909; pret. part. \u00e4t\nrihte w\u00e4s g\u00fb\u00f0 ge-tw\u00e6fed (_almost had the struggle been ended_), 1659.\n\nge-tw\u00e6man, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, _to hinder, render incapable\nof, restrain_: inf. ic hine ne mihte ... ganges getw\u00e6man, 969.\n\ntwegen, m. f. n. tw\u00e2, num., _twain, two_: nom. m. twegen, 1164; acc. m.\ntwegen, 1348; dat. tw\u00e6m, 1192 gen. twega, 2533; acc. f. tw\u00e2, 1096, 1195.\n\ntwelf, num., _twelve_, gen. twelfa, 3172.\n\ntweone (Frisian twine), num. = _bini, two_: dat. pl. be s\u00e6m tweonum, 859,\n1298; 1686.\n\ntwidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (_long-assured_), 1709.\n\ntyder, st. m., _race, descendant_: in comp. un-tyder, 111.\n\ntydre (Frisian teddre), adj., _weak, unwarlike, cowardly_: nom. pl. tydre,\n2848.\n\ntyn, num., _ten_: uninflect. dat. on tyn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom. tyne,\n2848.\n\ntyrwian, w. v., _to tar_: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: niw-tyrwed.\n\non-tyhtan, w. v., _to urge on, incite, entice_: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.\n\n\n\u00de\n\n\u00feafian, w. v. w. acc., _to submit to, endure_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t se \u00fee\u00f3d-cyning\n\u00feafian sceolde Eofores \u00e2nne d\u00f4m, 2964.\n\n\u00feanc, st. m.: 1) _thought_: in comp. fore-, hete-, or-, searo-\u00feanc;\ninwit-\u00feanc (adj.).--2) _thanks_ (w. gen. of thing): nom. sg., 929, 1779;\nacc. sg. \u00feanc, 1998, 2795.--3) _content, favor, pleasure_: dat. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fee\ngif-sceattas Ge\u00e1ta fyredon \u00feyder t\u00f4 \u00feance (_those that tribute for the\nGe\u00e2tas carried thither for favor_). 379.\n\nge-\u00feanc, st. m., _thought_: instr. pl. \u00fee\u00f3strum ge-\u00feoncum, 2333.--Comp.\nm\u00f4d-ge-\u00feanc.\n\n\u00feanc-hycgende, pres. part., _thoughtful_, 2236.\n\n\u00feancian, w. v., _to thank_: pret. sg. gode \u00feancode ... \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee hire se willa\nge-lamp (_thanked God that her wish was granted_), 626; so, 1398; pl.\n\u00feancedon, 627(?).\n\n\u00feanon, \u00feonon, \u00feonan, adv., _thence_: 1) local: \u00feanon eft gew\u00e2t (_he went\nthence back_), 123; \u00feanon up ... stigon (_went up thence_), 224; so, \u00feanon,\n463, 692, 764, 845, 854, 1293; \u00feanan, 1881; \u00feonon, 520, 1374, 2409; \u00feonan,\n820, 2360, 2957.--2) personal: \u00feanon untydras ealle on-w\u00f4con (_from him_,\ni.e. Cain, etc.), 111; so, \u00feanan, 1266; \u00feonon, 1961; uns\u00f4fte \u00feonon feorh\n\u00f4\u00f0-ferede (i.e. from Grendel's mother), 2141.\n\n\u00fe\u00e2, adv.: l) _there, then_, 3, 26, 28, 34, 47, 53, etc. With \u00fe\u00e6r: \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r,\n331. With nu: nu \u00fe\u00e2 (_now then_), 658.--2) conjunction, _when, as, since_,\nw. indic., 461, 539, 633, etc.;--_because, whilst, during, since_, 402,\n465, 724, 2551, etc.\n\n\u00fe\u00e4t, I. demons, pron. acc. neut. of se: demons, nom. \u00fe\u00e4t (_that_), 735,\n766, etc.; instr. sg. \u00fe\u00fd, 1798, 2029; \u00fe\u00e4t ic \u00fe\u00fd w\u00e6pne ge-br\u00e4d (_that I\nbrandished as(?) a weapon; that I brandished the weapon?_), 1665; \u00fe\u00fd\nweor\u00f0ra (_the more honored_), 1903; \u00fe\u00fd s\u00eaft (_the more easily_), 2750; \u00fe\u00fd\nl\u00e4s hym \u00fd\u00f0e \u00ferym wudu wynsuman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the\nwaves the winsome boat might carry away_), 1919; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd \u00e6r (_not sooner_),\n755, 1503, 2082, 2374, 2467; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00fd leng (_no longer, none the longer_),\n975. \u00fe\u00fd =adv., _therefore, hence_, 1274, 2068; \u00fe\u00ea ... \u00fe\u00ea = _on this\naccount; for this reason ... that, because_, 2639-2642; wiste \u00fe\u00ea geornor\n(_knew but too well_), 822; he ... w\u00e4s sundes \u00fe\u00ea s\u00e6nra \u00fee hine swylt fornam\n(_he was the slower in swimming as [whom?] death carried him off_), 1437;\nn\u00e4s him wihte \u00fe\u00ea s\u00eal (_it was none the better for him_), 2688; so, 2278.\nGen. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s = adv., _for this reason, therefore_, 7, 16, 114, 350, 589,\n901, 1993, 2027, 2033, etc. \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee, especially after verbs of thanking, =\n_because_, 108, 228, 627, 1780, 2798;--also = secundum quod: \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee hie\ngewisl\u00eecost ge-witan meahton, 1351;--_therefore, accordingly_, 1342, 3001;\nt\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s (_to that point; to that degree_), 715, 1586, 1617, 1968, 2411; \u00fe\u00e4s\ngeorne (_so firmly_), 969; ac he \u00fe\u00e4s f\u00e4ste w\u00e4s ... besmi\u00f0od (_it was too\nfirmly set_), 774; n\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s fr\u00f4d leofa\u00f0 gumena bearna \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feone grund wite\n(_none liveth among men so wise that he should know its bottom_), 1368; he\n\u00fe\u00e4s (\u00fe\u00e4m, MS.) m\u00f4dig w\u00e4s (_had the courage for it_), 1509.\n\nII. conj. (relative), _that, so that_, 15, 62, 84, 221, 347, 358, 392, 571,\netc.; \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t (_up to that, until_); see \u00f4\u00f0.\n\n\u00fe\u00e4tte (from \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fee, see \u00fee), _that_, 151, 859, 1257, 2925, etc.; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fee\n(_that_), 1847.\n\n\u00fe\u00e6r: 1) demons. adv., _there (where)_, 32, 36, 89, 400, 757, etc.;\nmor\u00f0or-bealo m\u00e2ga, \u00fe\u00e6r he\u00f3 \u00e6r m\u00e6ste he\u00f3ld worolde wynne (_the death-bale of\nkinsmen where before she had most worldly joy_), 1080. With \u00fe\u00e2: \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r,\n331; \u00fe\u00e6r on innan (_therein_), 71. Almost like Eng. expletive _there_, 271,\n550, 978, etc.;--_then, at that time_, 440;--_thither_: \u00fe\u00e6r sw\u00ee\u00f0-ferh\u00f0e\nsittan eodon (_thither went the bold ones to sit_, i.e. to the bench), 493,\netc.--2) relative, _where_, 356, 420, 508, 513, 522, 694, 867, etc.; eode\n... \u00fe\u00e6r se snottra b\u00e2d (_went where the wise one tarried_), 1314; so,\n1816;--_if_, 763, 798, 1836, 2731, etc.;--_whither_: g\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r he wille, 1395.\n\n\u00fee, I. relative particle, indecl., partly standing alone, partly associated\nwith se, se\u00f3, \u00fe\u00e4t: Hunfer\u00f0 ma\u00f0elode, \u00fee \u00e4t f\u00f4tum s\u00e4t (_H., who sat at his\nfeet, spake_), 500; so, 138, etc.; w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t gewin t\u00f4 sw\u00fd\u00f0 \u00fee on \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00f3de\nbe-com (_the misery that had come on the people was too great_), 192, etc.;\nic wille ... \u00fee \u00fe\u00e2 and-sware \u00e4dre ge-c\u00fd\u00f0an \u00fee me se g\u00f4da \u00e2-gifan \u00feence\u00f0 (_I\nwill straightway tell thee the answer that the good one shall give_), 355;\n\u00f4\u00f0 \u00feone \u00e2nne d\u00e4g \u00fee he ... (_till that very day that he_ ...), 2401; he\u00f3 \u00fe\u00e2\nf\u00e6h\u00f0e wr\u00e4c \u00fee \u00feu ... Grendel cwealdest (_the fight in which thou slewest\nG._), 1335; mid \u00fe\u00e6re sorge \u00fee him si\u00f3 s\u00e2r belamp (_with the sorrow\nwherewith the pain had visited him_), 2469; pl. \u00feonne \u00fe\u00e2 dydon \u00fee ...\n(_than they did that_ ...), 45; so, 378, 1136; \u00fe\u00e2 m\u00e2\u00f0mas \u00fee he me sealde\n(_the treasures that he gave me_), 2491; so, ginf\u00e4stan gife \u00fee him god\nsealde (_the great gifts that God had given him_), 2183. After \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee (_of\nthose that_), the depend. verb often takes sg. instead of pl. (Dietrich,\nHaupt XI., 444 seqq.): wundor-si\u00f3na fela secga ge-hwylcum \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee on swylc\nstara\u00f0 (_to each of those that look on such_), 997; so, 844, 1462, 2384,\n2736. Strengthened by se, se\u00f3, \u00fe\u00e4t: s\u00e4gde se \u00fee c\u00fb\u00f0e (_said he that knew_),\n90; w\u00e4s se grimma g\u00e4st Grendel h\u00e2ten, se \u00fee m\u00f4ras he\u00f3ld (_the grim stranger\nhight Grendel, he that held the moors_), 103; here-byrne ... se\u00f3 \u00fee\nb\u00e2n-cofan beorgan c\u00fb\u00f0e (_the corselet that could protect the body_), 1446,\netc.; \u00fe\u00e6r ge-l\u00fdfan sceal dryhtnes d\u00f4me se \u00fee hine de\u00e1\u00f0 nime\u00f0 (_he shall\nbelieve in God's judgment whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 1437, 1292\n(cf. Heliand I., 1308).\n\n\u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee. See \u00fe\u00e4t.\n\n\u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee. See \u00fee\u00e1h.\n\nfor \u00feam \u00fee. See for-\u00feam.\n\n\u00fe\u00fd, \u00fe\u00ea, _the, by that_, instr. of se: \u00e2hte ic holdra \u00fe\u00fd l\u00e4s ... \u00fee de\u00e1\u00f0\nfor-nam (_I had the less friends whom death snatched away_), 488; so, 1437.\n\n\u00feeccan, w. v., _to cover_ (thatch), _cover over_: inf. \u00fe\u00e2 sceal brond\nfretan, \u00e4led \u00feeccean (_fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures_),\n3016; pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e6r git e\u00e1gor-stre\u00e1m earmum \u00feehton (_in swimming_), 513.\n\n\u00feegn, st. m., _thane, liegeman, king's higher vassal; knight_: nom. sg.,\n235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (Be\u00f3wulf), 194; (W\u00eegl\u00e2f), 2722; acc. sg. \u00feegen\n(Be\u00f3wulf, MS. \u00feegn), 1872; dat. sg. \u00feegne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086;\n(W\u00eegl\u00e2f), 2811; gen. sg. \u00feegnes, 1798; nom. pl. \u00feegnas, 1231; acc. pl.\n\u00feegnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. \u00feegnum, 2870; gen. pl. \u00feegna, 123, 400, 1628,\n1674, 1830, 2034, etc.--Comp.: ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-\u00feegn.\n\n\u00feegnian, \u00fe\u00eanian, w. v., _to serve, do liege service_: pret. sg. ic him\n\u00fe\u00eanode de\u00f3ran sweorde (_I served them with my good sword_, i.e. slew them\nwith it), 560.\n\n\u00feegn-sorh, st. f., _thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman_: acc. sg.\n\u00feegn-sorge, 131.\n\n\u00feegu, st. f., _taking_: in comp.: be\u00e1h-, be\u00f3r-, sinc-\u00feegu.\n\n\u00feel, st. n., _deal-board, board for benches_: in comp. benc-\u00feel, 486, 1240.\n\n\u00feencan, w. v.: 1) _to think_: absolutely: pres. sg. III. se \u00fee wel \u00feence\u00f0,\n289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. n\u00e6nig heora \u00fe\u00f4hte \u00fe\u00e4t he ...\n(_none of them thought that he_), 692.--2) w. inf., _to intend_: pres. sg.\nIII. \u00fe\u00e2 and-sware ... \u00fee me se g\u00f4da \u00e2-gifan \u00feence\u00f0 (_the answer that the\ngood one intendeth to give me_), 355; (bl\u00f4dig w\u00e4l) byrgean \u00feence\u00f0, 448;\n\u00feonne he ... geg\u00e2n \u00feence\u00f0 longsumne lof (_if he will win eternal fame_),\n1536; pret. sg. ne \u00fe\u00e4t agl\u00e6ca yldan \u00fe\u00f4hte (_the monster did not mean to\ndelay that_), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wi\u00f0 hronfixas werian \u00fe\u00f4hton, 541;\n(hine) on healfa ge-hwone he\u00e1wan \u00fe\u00f4hton, 801.\n\n\u00e2-\u00feencan, _to intend, think out_: pret. sg. (he) \u00feis ellen-weorc \u00e2na\n\u00e2-\u00fe\u00f4hte t\u00f4 ge-fremmanne, 2644.\n\nge-\u00feencan, w. acc.: 1) _to think of_: \u00fe\u00e4t he his selfa ne m\u00e4g ... ende\nge-\u00feencean (_so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit_),\n1735.--2) _to be mindful_: imper. sg. ge-\u00feenc nu ... hw\u00e4t wit ge\u00f3 spr\u00e6con,\n1475.\n\n\u00feenden: 1) adv., _at this time, then, whilst_: nalles f\u00e2cen-stafas\n\u00dee\u00f3d-Scyldingas \u00feenden fremedon (_not at all at this time had the Scyldings\ndone foul deeds_), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. W\u00eeds\u00ee\u00f0, 45 seqq.); \u00feenden\nre\u00e1fode rinc \u00f4\u00f0erne (_whilst one warrior robbed another_, i.e. Eofor robbed\nOngen\u00fee\u00f3w), 2986.--2) conj., _so long as, whilst_, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039,\n2500, 3028;--_whilst_, 2419. With subj., _whilst, as long as_: \u00feenden \u00feu\nm\u00f4te, 1178; \u00feenden \u00feu lifige, 1255; \u00feenden hyt s\u00fd (_whilst the heat\nlasts_), 2650.\n\n\u00feengel, st. m., _prince, lord, ruler_: acc. sg. hringa \u00feengel (Be\u00f3wulf),\n1508.\n\n\u00fees (m.), \u00fee\u00f3s (f.), \u00feis (n.), demons. pron., _this_: nom. sg. 411, 432,\n1703; f., 484; nom. acc. neut., 2156, 2252, 2644; \u00feys, 1396; acc. sg. m.\n\u00feisne, 75; f. \u00fe\u00e2s, 1682; dat. sg. neut. \u00feissum, 1170; \u00feyssum, 2640; f.\n\u00feisse, 639; gen. m. \u00feisses, 1217; f. \u00feisse, 929; neut. \u00feysses, 791, 807;\nnom. pl. and acc. \u00fe\u00e2s, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. \u00feyssum, 1063, 1220.\n\n\u00fe\u00ea. See \u00fe\u00e4t.\n\n\u00fe\u00eah. See \u00fee\u00e1h.\n\n\u00feearf, st. f., _need_: nom. sg. \u00feearf, 1251, 2494, 2638; \u00fe\u00e2 him w\u00e4s manna\n\u00feearf (_as he was in need of men_), 201; acc. sg. \u00feearfe, 1457, 2580, 2850;\nfremma\u00f0 ge nu le\u00f3da \u00feearfe (_do ye now what is needful for the folk_),\n2802; dat. sg. \u00e4t \u00feearfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum\nealle beweotede \u00feegnes \u00feearfe (_who would supply in courtesy all the\nthane's needs_), 1798 (cf. sele-\u00feegn, 1795).--Comp.: firen-, nearo-,\nofer-\u00feearf.\n\n\u00feearf. See \u00feurfan.\n\nge-\u00feearfian, w. v., = _necessitatem imponere_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e2 him sw\u00e2\nge-\u00feearfod w\u00e4s (_since so they found it necessary_), 1104.\n\n\u00feearle, adv., _very, exceedingly_, 560.\n\n\u00fee\u00e1h, \u00fe\u00eah, conj., _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. \u00fee\u00e1h, 203,\n526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by \u00fee: \u00fee\u00e1h \u00fee, 683,\n1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; \u00fee\u00e1h ... eal (_although_), 681.--2)\nwith indic.: \u00fee\u00e1h, 1103; \u00fe\u00eah, 1614.--3) doubtful: \u00fee\u00e1h he \u00fb\u00f0e wel, 2856;\nsw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h (_nevertheless_), 2879; n\u00f4 ... sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h (_not then however_), 973;\nn\u00e4s \u00fee forht sw\u00e2 \u00fe\u00eah (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hw\u00e4\u00f0re sw\u00e2 \u00fee\u00e1h\n(_yet however_), 2443.\n\n\u00fee\u00e1w, st. m., _custom, usage_: nom. sg., 178, 1247; acc. sg. \u00fee\u00e1w, 359;\ninstr. pl. \u00fee\u00e1wum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3d, st. f.: 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg., 644, 1231, 1251.--2)\n_nation, folk_: nom. sg., 1692; gen. pl. \u00fee\u00f3da, 1706.--Comp.: sige-,\nwer-\u00fee\u00f3d.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3d-cyning, st. m., (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_:\nnom. sg. (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 2145; (Ongen\u00fee\u00f3w), 2964, 2971; \u00fei\u00f3d-cyning (Be\u00f3wulf),\n2580; acc. sg. \u00fee\u00f3d-cyning (Be\u00f3wulf), 3009; gen. sg. \u00fee\u00f3d-cyninges\n(Be\u00f3wulf), 2695; gen. pl. \u00fee\u00f3d-cyninga, 2.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3den, st. m., _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg., 129,\n365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc.; \u00fei\u00f3den, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. \u00fee\u00f3den, 34,\n201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; \u00fei\u00f3den, 2789; dat. sg. \u00fee\u00f3dne, 345,\n1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc.; \u00fee\u00f3den, 2033; gen. sg. \u00fee\u00f3dnes 798, 911,\n1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; \u00fei\u00f3dnes, 2657; nom. pl. \u00fee\u00f3dnas, 3071.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3den-le\u00e1s, adj., _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. \u00fee\u00f3den-le\u00e1se, 1104.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3d-gestre\u00f3n, st. n., _people's-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl.\n\u00fee\u00f3d-ge-stre\u00f3num, 44; gen. pl. \u00fee\u00f3d-ge-stre\u00f3na, 1219.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3dig, adj., _appertaining to a_ \u00fee\u00f3d: in comp. el-\u00fee\u00f3dig.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3d-sca\u00f0a, w. m., _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. \u00fee\u00f3d-scea\u00f0a\n(_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3d-\u00fere\u00e1, st. f. m., _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wi\u00f0\n\u00fee\u00f3d-\u00fere\u00e1um, 178.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3f, st. m., _thief_: gen. sg. \u00fee\u00f3fes cr\u00e4fte, 2221.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3n, st. v.: 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weor\u00f0myndum \u00fe\u00e2h (_grew\nin glory_), 8.--2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. h\u00fbru \u00fe\u00e4t on lande lyt\nmanna \u00fe\u00e2h (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.\n\nge-\u00fee\u00f3n, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-\u00fee\u00f3h\ntela, 1219; inf. lof-d\u00e6dum sceal ... man ge\u00fee\u00f3n, 25; \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fee\u00f3dnes bearn\nge-\u00fee\u00f3n scolde, 911.\n\non-\u00fee\u00f3n? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen.: pret. he \u00fe\u00e4s \u00e6r on\u00fe\u00e2h, 901. [In\nMS. Emended in text.--KTH] See Note, l. 901.\n\n\u00feeon (for \u00fee\u00f3wan), w. v., _to oppress, restrain_: inf. n\u00e4s se folc-cyning\nymb-sittendra \u00e6nig \u00fe\u00e2ra \u00fee mec ... dorste egesan \u00fee\u00f3n (_that durst oppress\nme with terror_), 2737.\n\n\u00fee\u00f3stor, adj., _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. \u00fee\u00f3strum ge-\u00feoncum, 2333.\n\n\u00feicgan, st. v. w. acc., _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t he\n(Grendel) m\u00e2 m\u00f4ste manna cynnes \u00feicgean ofer \u00fe\u00e2 niht, 737; symbel \u00feicgan\n(_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t hie me \u00fe\u00eagon, 563;\n\u00fe\u00e6r we medu \u00fe\u00eagun, 2634.\n\nge-\u00feicgan, w. acc., _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful)\nge-\u00feeah, 619, 629; Be\u00f3wulf ge-\u00feah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful\nmanig) ge-\u00fe\u00e6gon, 1015.\n\n\u00feider, \u00feyder, adv., _thither_: \u00feyder, 3087, 379, 2971.\n\n\u00feihtig, \u00feyhtig, adj., _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord ...\necgum \u00feyhtig, 1559.--Comp. hyge-\u00feihtig.\n\n\u00feincan. See \u00feyncan.\n\n\u00feing, st. n.: 1) _thing_: gen. pl. \u00e6nige \u00feinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375,\n2906.--2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. me wear\u00f0 Grendles \u00feing\n... undyrne c\u00fb\u00f0 (_Grendel's doings became known to me_), 409.--3)\n_judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(?): acc. sg. sceal ... \u00e2na gehegan\n\u00feing wi\u00f0 \u00feyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the\ngiant_: see hegan), 426.\n\nge-\u00feing, st. n.: 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-\u00feingo, 1086.--2) _fate,\nprovidence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-\u00feinges, 398, 710; (ge-\u00feingea, MS.), 525.\n\nge-\u00feingan, st. v., _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX., 430):\npret. part. cw\u00ean m\u00f4de ge-\u00feungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_),\n625. See wel-\u00feungen.\n\nge-\u00feingan (see ge-\u00feing), w. v.: 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat,\n_enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III. gif him \u00feonne Hr\u00ea\u00f0r\u00eec t\u00f4 hofum Ge\u00e1ta\nge-\u00feinge\u00f0 _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at?) _with the court of\nthe Ge\u00e1tas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the\nservice or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo.--2) _to prepare, appoint_:\npret. part. wiste [\u00e4t] \u00fe\u00e4m ahl\u00e6can ... hilde ge-\u00feinged, 648; hra\u00f0e w\u00e4s ...\nm\u00eace ge-\u00feinged, 1939.\n\n\u00feingian, w. v.: 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne\nh\u00fdrde ic snotor-l\u00eecor on sw\u00e2 geongum feore guman \u00feingian (_I never heard a\nman so young speak so wisely_), 1844.--2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_:\ninf. ne wolde feorh-bealo ... fe\u00f3 \u00feingian (_would not compound the\nlife-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e6h\u00f0e fe\u00f3 \u00feingode, 470.\n\n\u00fe\u00eehan. See \u00fee\u00f3n.\n\n\u00fein, possess, pron., _thy, thine_, 267, 346, 353, 367, 459, etc.\n\nge-\u00fe\u00f4ht, st. m., _thought, plan_: acc. sg. \u00e2n-fealdne ge-\u00fe\u00f4ht, 256;\nf\u00e4st-r\u00e6dne ge-\u00fe\u00f4ht, 611.\n\n\u00feolian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to endure, bear_: inf. (inwid-sorge) \u00feolian,\n833; pres. sg. III. \u00fere\u00e1-n\u00fdd \u00feola\u00f0, 284; pret. sg. \u00feolode \u00fery\u00f0swy\u00f0,\n131.--2) _to hold out, stand, survive_: pres. sg. (intrans.) \u00feenden \u00feis\nsweord \u00feola\u00f0 (_as long as this sword holds out_), 2500; pret. sg. (se\u00f3 ecg)\n\u00feolode \u00e6r fela hand-gem\u00f4ta, 1526.\n\nge-\u00feolian: 1) _to suffer, bear, endure_: gerund. t\u00f4 ge-\u00feolianne, 1420;\npret. sg. earfo\u00f0-lice \u00ferage ge-\u00feolode..., \u00fe\u00e4t he ... dre\u00e1m geh\u00fdrde (_bore\nill that he heard the sound of joy_), 87; torn ge-\u00feolode (_bore the\nmisery_), 147.--2) _to have patience, wait_: inf. \u00fe\u00e6r he longe sceal on \u00fe\u00e4s\nwaldendes w\u00e6re ge-\u00feolian, 3110.\n\n\u00feon (Goth, \u00fean) = _tum, then, now_, 504; \u00e4fter \u00feon (_after that_), 725; \u00e6r\n\u00feon d\u00e4g cw\u00f4me (_ere day came_), 732; n\u00f4 \u00feon lange (_it was not long till\nthen_), 2424; n\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e2 long t\u00f4 \u00feon (_it was not long till then_), 2592, 2846;\nw\u00e4s him se man t\u00f4 \u00feon le\u00f3f \u00fe\u00e4t ... _(the man was to that degree dear to him\nthat ..._), 1877.\n\n\u00feonne: 1) adv., _there, then, now_, 377, 435, 525, 1105, 1456, 1485, 1672,\n1823, 3052, 3098(?).--2) conj., _if, when, while_: a) w. indic., 573, 881,\n935, 1034, 1041, 1043, 1144, 1286, 1327, 1328, 1375, etc.; \u00fe\u00e4t ic\ngum-cystum g\u00f4dne funde be\u00e1ga bryttan, bre\u00e1c \u00feonne m\u00f4ste (_that I found a\ngood ring-giver and enjoyed him whilst I could_), 1488. b) w. subj., 23,\n1180, 3065; \u00feonne ...\u00feonne (_then ... when_), 484-85, 2447-48; gif \u00feonne\n...\u00feonne (_if then ... then_), 1105-1107. c) _than_ after comparatives, 44,\n248, 469, 505, 534, 679, 1140, 1183, etc.; a comparative must be supplied,\nl. 70, before \u00feone: \u00fe\u00e4t he ... h\u00e2tan wolde medo-\u00e4rn micel men ge-wyrcean\n\u00feone yldo bearn \u00e6fre ge-frunon (_a great mead-house_ (greater) _than men\nhad ever known_).\n\n\u00feracu, st. f., _strength, boldness_: in comp. m\u00f4d-\u00feracu; = impetus in\necg-\u00feracu.\n\n\u00ferag, st. f., _period of time, time_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 hine si\u00f3 \u00ferag be-cwom\n(_when the_ [battle]-_hour befell him_), 2884; acc. sg. \u00ferage (_for a\ntime_), 87; longe (lange) \u00ferage, 54, 114.--Comp. earfo\u00f0-\u00ferag.\n\nge-\u00fer\u00e4c, st. n., _multitude, crowd_: in comp. searo-ge-\u00fer\u00e4c.\n\n\u00ferec-wudu, st. m., (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. m\u00e4gen-wudu): acc. sg.,\n1247.\n\n\u00fere\u00e1, st. m. f., _misery, distress_: in comp. \u00fee\u00f3d-\u00fere\u00e1, \u00fere\u00e1-n\u00eadla, -n\u00fdd.\n\n\u00fere\u00e1-n\u00eadla, w. m., _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for \u00fere\u00e1-n\u00eadlan,\n2225.\n\n\u00ferea-n\u00fdd, st. f., _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. \u00fere\u00e1-n\u00fdd, 284; dat. pl.\n\u00fere\u00e1-n\u00fddum, 833.\n\n\u00fere\u00e1t, st. m., _troop, band_: dat. sg. on \u00feam \u00fere\u00e1te, 2407; dat. pl.\nscea\u00f0ena \u00fere\u00e1tum, 4.--Comp. \u00eeren-\u00fere\u00e1t.\n\n\u00fere\u00e1tian, w. v. w. acc., _to press, oppress_: pret. pl. mec ...\u00fere\u00e1tedon,\n560.\n\n\u00fereot-teo\u00f0a, num. adj. w. m., _thirteenth_: nom. sg. \u00fereot-teo\u00f0a secg,\n2407.\n\n\u00fere\u00f3, num. (neut.), _three_: acc. \u00feri\u00f3 wicg, 2175; \u00fere\u00f3 hund wintra, 2279.\n\n\u00feridda, num. adj. w. m., _third_: instr. \u00feriddan s\u00ee\u00f0e, 2689.\n\nge-\u00fering, st. n., _eddy, whirlpool, crush_: acc. on holma ge-\u00fering, 2133.\n\n\u00feringan, st. v., _to press_: pret. sg. wergendra t\u00f4 lyt \u00ferong ymbe \u00fee\u00f3den\n(_too few defenders pressed round the prince_), 2884; pret. pl. sy\u00f0\u00f0an\nHr\u00ea\u00f0lingas t\u00f4 hagan \u00ferungon (_after the Hrethlingas had pressed into the\nhedge_), 2961.\n\nfor-\u00feringan, _to press out; rescue, protect_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t he ne mehte ...\u00fe\u00e2\nwe\u00e1-l\u00e2fe w\u00eege for-\u00feringan \u00fee\u00f3dnes \u00feegne (_that he could not rescue the\nwretched remnant from the king's thane by war_), 1085.\n\nge-\u00feringan, _to press_: pret. sg. ce\u00f3l up ge\u00ferang (_the ship shot up_),\ni.e. on the shore in landing), 1913.\n\n\u00feritig, num., _thirty_ (neut. subst.): acc. sg. w. partitive gen.: \u00feritig\n\u00feegna, 123; gen. \u00ferittiges (XXXtiges MS.) manna, 379.\n\n\u00fer\u00eest-hydig, adj., _bold-minded, valorous_: nom. sg. \u00fei\u00f3den \u00fer\u00eest-hydig\n(Be\u00f3wulf), 2811.\n\n\u00ferowian, w. v. w. acc., _to suffer, endure_: inf. (h\u00e2t, gnorn) \u00ferowian,\n2606, 2659; pret. sg. \u00ferowade, 1590, 1722; \u00ferowode, 2595.\n\n\u00fery\u00f0, st. f., _abundance, multitude_, _excellence, power_: instr. pl.\n\u00fery\u00f0um (_excellently, extremely; excellent in strength?_), 494.\n\n\u00fery\u00f0-\u00e4rn, st. n., _excellent house, royal hall_: acc. sg. (of Heorot), 658.\n\n\u00fery\u00f0l\u00eec, adj., _excellent, chosen_: nom. sg. \u00fery\u00f0-l\u00eec \u00feegna he\u00e1p, 400,\n1628; superl. acc. pl. \u00fery\u00f0-l\u00eecost, 2870.\n\n\u00fer\u00fd\u00f0-sw\u00fd\u00f0, st. n.?, _great pain_ (?): acc., 131, 737 [? adj., _very\npowerful, exceeding strong_].\n\n\u00fery\u00f0-word, st. n., _bold speech, choice discourse_: nom. sg., 644. (Great\nstore was set by good table-talk: cf. Lachmann's Nibelunge, 1612; R\u00eegsm\u00e2l,\n29, 7, in M\u00f6bius, p. 79b, 22.)\n\n\u00ferym, st. m.: 1) _power, might, force_: nom. sg. \u00fd\u00f0a \u00ferym, 1919; instr. pl.\n= adv. \u00ferymmum (_powerfully_), 235.--2) _glory, renown_: acc. sg. \u00ferym,\n2.--Comp. hyge-\u00ferym.\n\n\u00ferym-l\u00eec, adj., _powerful, mighty_: nom. sg. \u00ferec-wudu \u00ferym-l\u00eec (_the\nmighty spear_), 1247.\n\n\u00feu, pron., _thou_, 366, 407, 445, etc.; acc. sg. \u00feec (poetic), 948, 2152,\netc.; \u00fee, 417, 426, 517, etc.; after compar. s\u00ealran \u00fee (_a better one than\nthee_), 1851. See ge.\n\n\u00feunca, w. m. See \u00e4f-\u00feunca.\n\nge-\u00feungen. See ge-\u00feingan, st. v.\n\n\u00feurfan, pret.-pres. v., _to need_: pres. sg. II. n\u00f4 \u00feu ne \u00feearft ...\nsorgian (_needest not care_), 450; so, 445, 1675; III. ne \u00feearf ...\nonsittan (_need not fear_), 596; so, 2007, 2742; pres. subj. \u00fe\u00e4t he ...\ns\u00eacean \u00feurfe, 2496; pret. sg. \u00feorfte, 157, 1027, 1072, 2875, 2996; pl.\nnealles Hetware hr\u00eamge \u00feorfton (i.e. wesan) f\u00ea\u00f0e-w\u00eeges (_needed not boast\nof their foot-fight_), 2365.\n\nge-\u00feuren. See \u00feweran.\n\n\u00feurh, prep. w. acc. signifying motion through, hence: I. local, _through,\nthroughout_: w\u00f4d \u00fe\u00e2 \u00feurh \u00feone w\u00e4l-r\u00eac (_went then through the\nbattle-reek_), 2662.--II. causal: l) _on account of, for the sake of, owing\nto_: \u00feurh sl\u00ee\u00f0ne n\u00ee\u00f0 (_through fierce hostility, heathenism_), 184; \u00feurh\nholdne hige (_from friendliness_), 267; so, \u00feurh r\u00fbmne sefan, 278; \u00feurh\ns\u00eedne sefan, 1727; e\u00f3we\u00f0 \u00feurh egsan unc\u00fb\u00f0ne n\u00ee\u00f0 (_shows unheard-of\nhostility by the terror he causes_), 276; so, 1102, 1336, 2046. 2) _by\nmeans of, through_: hea\u00f0o-r\u00e6s for-nam mihtig mere-de\u00f3r \u00feurh m\u00eene hand, 558;\n\u00feurh \u00e2nes cr\u00e4ft, 700; so, 941, 1694, 1696, 1980, 2406, 3069.\n\n\u00feus, adv., _so, thus_, 238, 337, 430.\n\n\u00feunian, w. v., _to din, sound forth_: pret. sg. sund-wudu \u00feunede, 1907.\n\n\u00fe\u00fbsend, num., _thousand_: 1) fem. acc. ic \u00fee \u00fe\u00fbsenda \u00feegna bringe t\u00f4 helpe,\n1830.--2) neut. with measure of value (sceat) omitted: acc. seofan \u00fe\u00fbsendo,\n2196; gen. hund-\u00fe\u00fbsenda landes and locenra be\u00e1ga (100,000 _sceattas' worth\nof land and rings_), 2995.--3) uninflected: acc. \u00fe\u00fbsend wintra, 3051.\n\n\u00few\u00e6re, adj., _affable, mild_: in comp. man-\u00few\u00e6re.\n\nge-\u00few\u00e6re, adj., _gentle, mild_: nom. pl. ge-\u00few\u00e6re, 1231.\n\nge-\u00feweran, st. v., _to forge, strike_: pret. part. heoru ... hamere\nge-\u00feuren (for ge-\u00feworen) (_hammer-forged sword_), 1286.\n\n\u00feyhtig. See \u00feihtig.\n\nge-\u00feyld (see \u00feolian), st. f.: 1) _patience, endurance_: acc. sg. ge-\u00feyld,\n1396.--2) _steadfastness_: instr. pl. = adv.: ge-\u00feyldum (_steadfastly,\npatiently_), 1706.\n\n\u00feyle, st. m., _spokesman, leader of the conversation at court_: nom. sg.,\n1166, 1457.\n\n\u00feyncan, \u00feincean, w. v. w. dat. of pers., _to seem, appear_: pres. sg. III.\n\u00feince\u00f0 him t\u00f4 lytel (_it seems to him too little_), 1749; ne \u00feynce\u00f0 me\ngerysne, \u00fe\u00e4t we _(it seemeth to me not fit that we_ ...), 2654; pres. pl.\nhy ... wyr\u00f0e \u00feincea\u00f0 eorla ge-\u00e6htlan (_they seem worthy contenders with_\n(?) _earls_; or, _worthy warriors_), 368; pres. subj. sw\u00e2 him ge-met \u00feince,\n688; inf. \u00feincean, 1342; pret. sg. \u00fe\u00fbhte, 2462, 3058; n\u00f4 his l\u00eef-ged\u00e2l\ns\u00e2r-l\u00eec \u00fe\u00fbhte secga \u00e6nigum (_his death seemed painful to none of men_),\n843; pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e6r him fold-wegas f\u00e4gere \u00fe\u00fbhton, 867.\n\nof-\u00feincan, _to displease, offend_: inf. m\u00e4g \u00fe\u00e4s \u00feonne of-\u00feyncan \u00fee\u00f3den\n(dat.) Hea\u00f0o-beardna and \u00feegna gehw\u00e2m \u00fe\u00e2ra le\u00f3da, 2033.\n\n\u00feyrs, st. m., _giant_: dat. sg. wi\u00f0 \u00feyrse (Grendel), 426.\n\n\u00feys-l\u00eec, adj., _such, of such a nature_: nom. sg. fem. \u00feys-l\u00eecu \u00feearf,\n2638.\n\n\u00fe\u00fd. See \u00fe\u00e4t.\n\n\u00fe\u00fdwan (M.H.G. diuhen, O.H.G. duhan), w. v., _to crush, oppress_: inf. gif\n\u00feec ymb-sittend egesan \u00fe\u00fdwa\u00f0 (_if thy neighbors oppress thee with dread_),\n1828.\n\n\u00fe\u00fdstru, st. f., _darkness_: dat. pl. in \u00fe\u00fdstrum, 87.\n\nge-\u00fe\u00fdwe, adj., _customary, usual_: nom. sg. sw\u00e2 him ge-\u00fe\u00fdwe ne w\u00e4s (_as was\nnot his custom_), 2333.\n\n\nU\n\nufan, _adv., from above_, 1501; _above_, 330.\n\nufera (prop. _higher_), adj., _later_: dat. pl. ufaran d\u00f4grum, 2201, 2393.\n\nufor, adv., _higher_, 2952.\n\nuhte, w. f., _twilight_ or _dawn_: dat. or acc. on uhtan, 126.\n\nuht-floga, w. m., _twilight-flier, dawn-flier_ (epithet of the dragon):\ngen. sg. uht-flogan, 2761.\n\nuht-hlem, st. m., _twilight-cry, dawn-cry_: acc. sg., 2008.\n\nuht-scea\u00f0a, w. m., _twilight-_ or _dawn-foe_: nom. sg., 2272.\n\numbor, st. n., _child, infant_: acc. sg., 46; dat. sg., 1188.\n\nun-bl\u00ee\u00f0e, adv.(?), _unblithely, sorrowfully_, 130, 2269; (adj., nom. pl.?),\n3032.\n\nun-byrnende, pres. part., _unburning, without burning_, 2549.\n\nunc, dat. and acc. of the dual wit, _us two, to us two_, 1784, 2138, 2527;\ngen. hw\u00e4\u00f0er ... uncer twega (_which of us two_), 2533; uncer Grendles (_of\nus two, G. and me_), 2003.\n\nuncer, poss. pron., _of us two_: nom. sg. [uncer], 2002(?); dat. pl. uncran\neaferan, 1186.\n\nun-c\u00fb\u00f0, adj.: 1) _unknown_: nom. sg. st\u00eeg ... eldum unc\u00fb\u00f0, 2215; acc. sg.\nneut. unc\u00fb\u00f0 ge-l\u00e2d (_unknown ways_), 1411.--2) _unheard-of, barbarous,\nevil_: acc. sg. un-c\u00fb\u00f0ne n\u00ee\u00f0, 276; gen. sg. un-c\u00fb\u00f0es (_of the foe_,\nGrendel), 961.\n\nunder, I. prep. w. dat. and acc.: 1) w. dat., answering question where? =\n_under_ (of rest), contrasted with _over_: b\u00e2t (w\u00e4s) under beorge, 211; \u00fe\u00e2\ncwom Wealh\u00fee\u00f3 for\u00f0 g\u00e2n under gyldnum be\u00e1ge (_W. walked forth under a golden\ncirclet_, i.e. decked with), 1164; si\u00f0\u00f0an he under segne sine ealgode\n(_under his banner_), 1205; he under rande ge-cranc (_sank under his\nshield_), 1210; under wolcnum, 8, 1632; under heofenum, 52, 505; under\nroderum, 310; under helme, 342, 404; under here-gr\u00eeman, 396, 2050, 2606;\nso, 711, 1198, 1303, 1929, 2204, 2416, 3061, 3104.--2) w. acc.: a)\nanswering question whither? = _under_ (of motion): \u00fe\u00e2 secg w\u00eesode under\nHeorotes hr\u00f4f, 403; si\u00f0\u00f0an \u00e6fen-le\u00f3ht under heofenes h\u00e2dor be-holen\nweor\u00f0e\u00f0, 414; under sceadu bregdan, 708; fle\u00f3n under fen-hleo\u00f0u, 821; hond\n\u00e2legde ... under ge\u00e1pne hr\u00f4f, 837; te\u00f3n in under eoderas, 1038; so, 1361,\n1746, 2129, 2541, 2554, 2676, 2745; so, h\u00e4fde \u00fe\u00e2 for-s\u00ee\u00f0od sunu Ecg-\u00fee\u00f3wes\nunder gynne grund, 1552 (for-s\u00ee\u00f0ian requires acc.). b) after verbs of\nventuring and fighting, with acc. of object had in view: he under h\u00e2rne\nst\u00e2n ...\u00e2na ge-n\u00ea\u00f0de fr\u00eacne d\u00e6de, 888; ne dorste under \u00fd\u00f0a ge-win aldre\nge-n\u00ea\u00f0an, 1470. c) indicating extent, with acc. after expressions of limit,\netc.: under swegles begong (_as far as the sky extends_), 861, 1774; under\nheofenes hwealf (_as far as heaven's vault reaches_), 2016.\n\nII. Adv., _beneath, below_: st\u00eeg under l\u00e4g (_a path lay beneath_, i.e. the\nrock), 2214.\n\nundern-m\u00e6l, st. n., _midday_: acc. sg., 1429.\n\nun-dyrne, un-derne, adj., _without concealment, plain, clear_: nom. sg.,\n127, 2001; un-derne, 2912.\n\nun-dyrne, adv., _plainly, evidently_; un-dyrne c\u00fb\u00f0, 150, 410.\n\nun-f\u00e4ger, adj., _unlovely, hideous_: nom. sg. le\u00f3ht un-f\u00e4ger, 728.\n\nun-f\u00e6cne, adj., _without malice, sincere_: nom. sg., 2069.\n\nun-f\u00e6ge, adj., _not death-doomed_ or \"_fey_\": nom. sg., 2292; acc. sg.\nun-f\u00e6gne eorl, 573.\n\nun-flitme, adv., _solemnly, incontestably_: Finn Hengeste elne unflitme\n\u00e2\u00f0um benemde (_F. swore solemnly to H. with oaths_) [if an adj., elne un-f.\n= _unconquerable in valor_], 1098.\n\nun-forht, adj., _fearless, bold_: nom. sg., 287; acc. pl. unforhte (adv.?),\n444. See Note.\n\nun-from, adj., _unfit, unwarlike_: nom. sg., 2189.\n\nun-fr\u00f4d, adj., _not aged, young_: dat sg. guman un-fr\u00f4dum, 2822.\n\nun-ged\u00eafel\u00eece, adv., _unjustly, contrary to right and custom_, 2436.\n\nun-gemete, adv., _immeasurably, exceedingly_, 2421, 2722, 2729.\n\nun-gemetes, adv. gen. sg., the same, 1793.\n\nun-ge\u00e2ra, adv., (_not old_), _recently, lately_, 933; _soon_, 603.\n\nun-gife\u00f0e, adj., _not to be granted; refused_: nom. sg., 2922.\n\nun-gle\u00e1w, adj., _regardless, reckless_: acc. sg. sweord ... ecgum ungle\u00e1w\n(of a sharp-edged sword), 2565.\n\nun-h\u00e2r, adj., _very gray_: nom. sg., 357; (_bald_?).\n\nun-h\u00e6lo, st. f., _mischief, destruction_: gen. sg. wiht un-h\u00e6lo (_the demon\nof destruction_, Grendel), 120.\n\nun-he\u00f3re, un-h\u00fdre, adj., _monstrous, horrible_: nom. sg. m., weard un-hi\u00f3re\n(the dragon), 2414; neut. w\u00eef un-h\u00fdre (Grendel's mother), 2121; nom. pl.\nneut. hand-sporu ... unhe\u00f3ru (of Grendel's claws), 988.\n\nun-hlytme, un-hlitme, adv. (cf. A.S. hlytm = _lot_; O.N. hluti = _part\ndivision_), _undivided, unseparated_, _united_, 1130 [unless = un-flitme,\n1098]. See Note.\n\nun-le\u00f3f, adj., _hated_: acc. pl. seah on un-le\u00f3fe, 2864.\n\nun-lifigende, pres. part., _unliving, lifeless_: nom. sg. un-lifigende,\n468; acc. sg. un-lyfigendne, 1309; dat. sg. un-lifgendum, 1390; gen. sg.\nun-lyfigendes, 745.\n\nun-lytel, adj., _not little, very large_: nom. sg. dugu\u00f0 un-lytel (_a great\nband of warriors_? or _great joy_?), 498; d\u00f4m un-lytel (_no little glory_),\n886; acc. sg. torn un-lytel (_very great shame, misery_), 834.\n\nun-murnl\u00eece, adv., _unpityingly, without sorrowing_, 449, 1757.\n\nunnan, pret.-pres. v., _to grant, give; wish, will_: pret.-pres. sg. I. ic\n\u00fee an tela sinc-gestre\u00f3na, 1226; weak pret. sg. I. \u00fb\u00f0e ic sw\u00ee\u00f0or \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu\nhine selfne ge-se\u00f3n m\u00f4ste, 961; III. he ne \u00fb\u00f0e \u00fe\u00e4t ...(_he granted not that\n..._), 503; him god \u00fb\u00f0e \u00fe\u00e4t ... he hyne sylfne ge-wr\u00e4c (_God granted to him\nthat he avenged himself_), 2875; \u00fee\u00e1h he \u00fb\u00f0e wel (_though he well would_),\n2856.\n\nge-unnan, _to grant, permit_: inf. gif he \u00fbs ge-unnan wile \u00fe\u00e4t we hine ...\ngr\u00eatan m\u00f4ton, 346; me ge-\u00fb\u00f0e ylda waldend, \u00fe\u00e4t ic ... ge-seah hangian (_the\nRuler of men permitted me to see hanging ..._), 1662.\n\nun-nyt, adj., _useless_: nom. sg., 413, 3170.\n\nun-riht, st. n., _unright, injustice, wrong_: acc. sg. unriht, 1255, 2740;\ninstr. sg. un-rihte (_unjustly, wrongly_), 3060.\n\nun-r\u00eem, st. n., _immense number_: nom. sg., 1239, 3136; acc. sg., 2625.\n\nun-r\u00eeme, adj., _countless, measureless_: nom. sg. gold un-r\u00eeme, 3013.\n\nun-r\u00f4t, adj., _sorrowing_: nom. pl. un-r\u00f4te, 3149.\n\nun-snyttru, st. f., _lack of wisdom_: dat. pl. for his un-snyttrum (_for\nhis unwisdom_), 1735.\n\nun-softe, adv., _unsoftly, with violence_ (_hardly_?), 2141; _scarcely_,\n1656.\n\nun-sw\u00fd\u00f0e, adv., _not strongly_ or _powerfully_: compar. (ecg) b\u00e2t unsw\u00ee\u00f0or\n\u00feonne his \u00fei\u00f3d-cyning \u00feearfe h\u00e4fde (_the sword bit less sharply than the\nprince of the people needed_), 2579; f\u00fdr unsw\u00ee\u00f0or we\u00f3ll, 2882.\n\nun-synnig, adj., _guiltless, sinless_: acc. sg. un-synnigne, 2090.\n\nun-synnum, adv. instr. pl., _guiltlessly_, 1073.\n\nun-t\u00e6le, adj., _blameless_: acc. pl. un-t\u00e6le, 1866.\n\nun-tyder, st. m., _evil race, monster_: nom. pl. un-tydras, 111. [Cf. Ger.\nun-mensch.]\n\nun-w\u00e2cl\u00eec, adj., _that cannot be shaken; firm, strong_: acc. sg. \u00e2d ...\nun-w\u00e2cl\u00eecne, 3139.\n\nun-wearnum, adv. instr. pl., _unawares, suddenly_; (_unresistingly_?), 742.\n\nun-wrecen, pret. part., _unavenged_, 2444.\n\nup, adv., _up, upward_, 224, 519, 1374, 1620, 1913, 1921, 2894; (of the\nvoice), \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s ... w\u00f4p up \u00e2hafen, 128; so, 783.\n\nup-lang, adj., _upright, erect_: nom. sg., 760.\n\nuppe (adj., \u00fbfe, \u00fbffe), adv., _above_, 566.\n\nup-riht, adj., _upright, erect_: nom. sg., 2093.\n\nuton. See wuton.\n\n\n\u00db\n\n\u00fb\u00f0-genge, adj., _transitory, evanescent, ready to depart_, (_fled_?): \u00fe\u00e6r\nw\u00e4s \u00c4sc-here ... feorh \u00fb\u00f0-genge, 2124.\n\n\u00fbs, pers. pron. dat. and acc. of we (see we), _us, to us_, 1822, 2636,\n2643, 2921, 3002, 3079; acc. (poetic), \u00fbsic, 2639, 2641, 2642;--gen. \u00fbre:\n\u00fbre \u00e6g-hwylc (_each of us_), 1387; \u00fbser, 2075.\n\n\u00fbser, possess, pron.: nom. sg. \u00fbre man-drihten, 2648; dat. sg. \u00fbssum\nhl\u00e2forde, 2635; gen. sg. neut. \u00fbsses cynnes, 2814; dat. pl. \u00fbrum ... b\u00e2m\n(_to us both, two_) (for unc b\u00e2m), 2660.\n\n\u00fbt, adv., _out_, 215, 537, 664, 1293, 1584, 2082, 2558, 3131.\n\n\u00fbtan, adv., _from without, without_, 775, 1032, 1504, 2335.\n\n\u00fbt-f\u00fbs, adj., _ready to go_: nom. sg. hringed-stefna \u00eesig and \u00fbt-f\u00fbs, 33.\n\n\u00fbt-weard, adj., _outward, outside, free_: nom. sg. eoten (Grendel) w\u00e4s\n\u00fbt-weard, 762.\n\n\u00fbtan-weard, adj., _without, outward, from without_: acc. sg. hl\u00e6w ... ealne\n\u00fbtan-weardne, 2298.\n\n\nW\n\n*wacan, st. v., _to awake, arise, originate_: pret. sg. \u00feanon (from Cain)\nw\u00f4c fela ge\u00f3-sceaft-g\u00e2sta, 1266; so, 1961; pl. \u00fe\u00e2m fe\u00f3wer bearn ... in\nworold w\u00f4cun, 60.\n\n*on-wacan: 1) _to awake_ (intrans.): pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 se wyrm on-w\u00f4c (_when the\ndrake awoke_), 2288.--2) _to be born_: pret. sg. him on-w\u00f4c he\u00e1h Healfdene,\n56; pl. on-w\u00f4con, 111.\n\nwacian, w. v., _to watch_: imper. sg. waca wi\u00f0 wr\u00e2\u00f0um! 661.\n\nwadan, st. v., (cf. wade, waddle) _to traverse; stride, go_: pret. sg. w\u00f4d\n\u00feurh \u00feone w\u00e4l-r\u00eac, 2662; w\u00f4d under wolcnum (_stalked beneath the clouds_),\n715.\n\nge-wadan, _to attain by moving, come to, reach_: pret. part. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t ...\nwunden-stefna ge-waden h\u00e4fde, \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 l\u00ee\u00f0ende land ge-s\u00e2won (_till the ship\nhad gone so far that the sailors saw land_), 220.\n\non-wadan, w. acc., _to invade, befall_: pret. sg. hine fyren on-w\u00f4d(?),\n916.\n\n\u00feurh-wadan, _to penetrate, pierce_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t swurd \u00feurh-w\u00f4d wr\u00e4t-l\u00eecne\nwyrm, 891; so, 1568.\n\nwag, st. m., _wall_: dat. sg. on wage, 1663; dat. pl. \u00e4fter wagum (_along\nthe walls_), 996.\n\nwala, w. m., _boss_: nom. pl. walan, 1032 (cf. Bouterwek in Haupt XI., 85\nseqq.).\n\nwalda, w. m., _wielder, ruler_: in comp. an-, eal-walda.\n\nwald-swa\u00f0u, st. f., _forest-path_: dat. pl. \u00e4fter wald-swa\u00f0um (_along the\nwood-paths_), 1404.\n\nwam, wom, st. m., _spot, blot, sin_: acc. sg. him be-beorgan ne con wom\n(_cannot protect himself from evil_ or _from the evil strange orders_,\netc.; wom = wogum? = _crooked_?), 1748; instr. pl. wommum, 3074.\n\nwan, won, adj., _wan, lurid, dark_: nom. sg, \u00fd\u00f0-geblond ... won (_the dark\nwaves_), 1375; se wonna hrefn (_the black raven_), 3025; wonna l\u00eag (_lurid\nflame_), 3116; dat. sg. f. on wanre niht, 703; nom. pl. neut. scadu-helma\nge-sceapu ... wan, 652.\n\nwang, st. m., _mead, field; place_: acc. sg. wang, 93, 225; wong, 1414,\n2410, 3074; dat. sg. wange, 2004; wonge, 2243, 3040; acc. pl. wongas,\n2463.--Comp.: freo\u00f0o-, grund-, medo-, s\u00e6-wang.\n\nwang-stede, st. m., (locus campestris), _spot, place_: dat. sg. wong-stede,\n2787.\n\nwan-h\u00fdd (for hygd), st. f., _heedlessness, recklessness_: dat. pl. for his\nwon-h\u00fddum, 434.\n\nwanian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to decrease, wane_: inf. \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4t sweord ongan\n... wanian, 1608.--2) w. acc., _to cause to wane_ or _lessen_: pret. sg. he\nt\u00f4 lange le\u00f3de m\u00eene wanode, 1338.\n\nge-wanian, _to decrease, diminish_: pret. part. is m\u00een flet-werod ...\nge-wanod, 477.\n\nwan-s\u00e6lig, adj., _unhappy, wretched_: nom. sg. won-s\u00e6lig wer (Grendel),\n105.\n\nwan-sceaft, st. f., _misery, want_: acc. sg. won-sceaft, 120.\n\nwarian, w. v. w. acc., _to occupy, guard, possess_: pres. sg. III. \u00fe\u00e6r he\nh\u00e6\u00f0en gold wara\u00f0 (_where he guards heathen gold_), 2278; pl. III. hie\n(Grendel and his mother) d\u00fdgel land warigea\u00f0, 1359; pret. sg. (Grendel)\ngoldsele warode, 1254; (Cain) w\u00easten warode, 1266.\n\nwaro\u00f0, st. m., _shore_: dat. sg. t\u00f4 waro\u00f0e, 234; acc. pl. wide waro\u00f0as,\n1966.\n\nwaru, st. f., _inhabitants_, (collective) _population_: in comp. land-waru.\n\nw\u00e2, interj., _woe!_ w\u00e2 bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee... (_woe to him that..._), 183.\n\nw\u00e2\u00f0u, st. f., _way, journey_: in comp. gamen-w\u00e2\u00f0u.\n\nw\u00e2nian, w. v., _to weep, whine, howl_, w. acc.: inf. geh\u00fdrdon ... s\u00e2r\nw\u00e2nigean helle h\u00e4ftan (_they heard the hell-fastened one lamenting his\npain_), 788; pret. sg. [w\u00e2node], 3152(?).\n\nw\u00e2t. See witan.\n\nw\u00e4cean, w. v., _to watch_: pret. part w\u00e4ccende, 709, 2842; acc. sg. m.\nw\u00e4ccendne wer, 1269. See wacian.\n\nw\u00e4cnan, w. v., _to be awake, come forth_: inf., 85.\n\nw\u00e4d, st. n., (the moving) _sea, ocean_: nom. wado weallende, 546; wadu\nweallendu, 581; gen. pl. wada 508.\n\nw\u00e4fre, adj., _wavering_ (like flame), _ghostlike, without distinct bodily\nform_: nom. sg. w\u00e4l-g\u00e6st w\u00e4fre (of Grendel's mother), 1332;--_flickering,\nexpiring_: nom. sg. w\u00e4fre m\u00f4d, 1151; him w\u00e4s ge\u00f4mor sefa, w\u00e4fre and\nw\u00e4l-f\u00fbs, 2421.\n\nbe-w\u00e4gnan, w. v., _to offer_: pret part, him w\u00e4s ... fre\u00f3nd-la\u00f0u wordum\nbe-w\u00e4gned, 1194.\n\nw\u00e4l, st. n., _battle, slaughter, the slain in battle_: acc. sg. w\u00e4l, 1213,\n3028, bl\u00f4dig w\u00e4l, 448; o\u00f0\u00f0e on w\u00e4l crunge (_or in battle, among the slain,\nfall_), 636; dat. sg. sume on w\u00e4le crungon (_some fell in the slaughter_),\n1114; dat. sg. in Fr...es w\u00e4le (proper name in MS. destroyed), 1071; nom.\npl. walu, 1043.\n\nw\u00e4l-bed, st. n., _slaughter-bed, deathbed_: dat. sg. on w\u00e4l-bedde, 965.\n\nw\u00e4l-bend, st. f., _death-bond_: acc. sg. or pl. w\u00e4l-bende ...\nhand-gewri\u00f0ene, 1937.\n\nw\u00e4l-ble\u00e1t, adj., _deadly, mortal, cruel_: acc. sg. wunde w\u00e4l-ble\u00e1te, 2726.\n\nw\u00e4l-de\u00e1\u00f0, st. m., _death in battle_: nom. sg., 696.\n\nw\u00e4l-dre\u00f3r, st. m., _battle-gore_: instr. sg. w\u00e4l-dre\u00f3re, 1632.\n\nw\u00e4l-f\u00e2h, adj., _slaughter-stained, blood-stained_: acc. sg. w\u00e4l-f\u00e2gne\nwinter, 1129.\n\nw\u00e4l-f\u00e4h\u00f0, st. f., _deadly feud_: gen. pl. w\u00e4l-f\u00e6h\u00f0a, 2029.\n\nw\u00e4l-feall, st. m., _(fall of the slain), death, destruction_: dat. sg. t\u00f4\nw\u00e4l-fealle, 1712.\n\nw\u00e4l-f\u00fbs, adj., _ready for death, foreboding death_: nom. sg., 2421.\n\nw\u00e4l-fyllo, st. f., _fill of slaughter_: dat. sg. mid \u00fe\u00e6re w\u00e4l-fulle (i.e.\nthe thirty men nightly slaughtered at Heorot by Grendel), 125; w\u00e4l-fylla?\n3155.\n\nw\u00e4l-f\u00fdr, st. n.: 1) _deadly fire_: instr. sg. w\u00e4l-f\u00fdre (of the fire-spewing\ndragon), 2583.--2) _corpse-consuming fire, funeral pyre_: gen. pl. w\u00e4l-f\u00fdra\nm\u00e6st, 1120.\n\nw\u00e4l-g\u00e6st, st. m., _deadly sprite_ (of Grendel and his mother): nom. sg.\nw\u00e4l-g\u00e6st, 1332; acc. sg. \u00feone w\u00e4l-g\u00e6st, 1996.\n\nw\u00e4l-hlem, st. m., _death-stroke_: acc. sg. w\u00e4l-hlem \u00feone, 1996.\n\nw\u00e4lm, st. m., _flood, whelming water_: nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e6re burnan w\u00e4lm, 2547;\ngen. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s w\u00e4lmes (_of the surf_), 2136.--Comp. cear-w\u00e4lm.\n\nw\u00e4l-n\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _deadly hostility_: nom. sg., 3001; dat. sg. \u00e4fter\nw\u00e4l-n\u00ee\u00f0e, 85; nom. pl. w\u00e4l-n\u00ee\u00f0as, 2066.\n\nw\u00e4l-r\u00e2p, st. m., _flood-fetter, i.e. ice_: acc. pl. w\u00e4l-r\u00e2pas, 1611; (cf.\nw\u00e4ll, wel, wyll = _well, flood_: leax sceal on w\u00e4le mid sce\u00f3te scr\u00ee\u00f0an,\nGnom. Cott. 39).\n\nw\u00e4l-r\u00e6s, st. m., _deadly onslaught_: nom. sg., 2948; dat. sg. w\u00e4l-r\u00e6se,\n825, 2532.\n\nw\u00e4l-rest, st. f., _death-bed_, acc. sg. w\u00e4l-reste, 2903.\n\nw\u00e4l-r\u00eac, st. m., _deadly reek_ or _smoke_: acc. sg. w\u00f4d \u00fe\u00e2 \u00feurh \u00feone\nw\u00e4l-r\u00eac, 2662.\n\nw\u00e4l-re\u00e1f, st, n., _booty of the slain, battle-plunder_: acc. sg., 1206.\n\nw\u00e4l-re\u00f3w, adj., _bold in battle_: nom. sg., 630.\n\nw\u00e4l-sceaft, st. m., _deadly shaft, spear_: acc. pl. w\u00e4l-sceaftas, 398.\n\nw\u00e4l-seax, st. n., _deadly knife, war-knife_: instr. sg. w\u00e4ll-seaxe, 2704.\n\nw\u00e4l-stenge, st. m., _battle-spear_: dat. sg. on \u00feam w\u00e4l-stenge, 1639.\n\nw\u00e4l-st\u00f4w, st. f., _battle-field_: dat. sg. w\u00e4l-st\u00f4we, 2052, 2985.\n\nw\u00e4stm, st. m., _growth, form, figure_: dat. sg. on weres w\u00e4stmum (_in man's\nform_), 1353.\n\nw\u00e4ter, st. n., _water_: nom. sg., 93, 1417, 1515, 1632; acc. sg. w\u00e4ter,\n1365, 1620; de\u00f3p w\u00e4ter (_the deep_), 509, 1905; ofer w\u00eed w\u00e4ter (_over the\nhigh sea]_, 2474; dat. sg. \u00e4fter w\u00e4tere _(along the Grendel-sea_), 1426;\nunder w\u00e4tere (_at the bottom of the sea_), 1657; instr. w\u00e4tere, 2723;\nw\u00e4tre, 2855; gen. sg. ofer w\u00e4teres hrycg (_over the surface of the sea_),\n471; on w\u00e4teres \u00e6ht, 516; \u00feurh w\u00e4teres wylm (_through the sea-wave_), 1694;\ngen. = instr. w\u00e4teres weorpan (_to sprinkle with water_), 2792.\n\nw\u00e4ter-egesa, st. m., _water-terror_, i.e. _the fearful sea_: acc. sg., 1261\n\nw\u00e4ter-\u00fd\u00f0, st. f., _water-wave, billow_: dat. pl. w\u00e4ter-\u00fd\u00f0um, 2243.\n\nw\u00e6d, st. f., _(weeds), garment_: in comp. here-, hilde-w\u00e6d.\n\nge-w\u00e6de, st. n., _clothing_, especially _battle-equipments_: acc. pl.\ngew\u00e6du, 292.--Comp. eorl-gew\u00e6de.\n\nw\u00e6g, st. m., _wave_: acc. sg. w\u00e6g, 3133.\n\nw\u00e6g-bora, w. m., _wave-bearer, swimmer_ (bearing or propelling the waves\nbefore him): nom. sg. wundorl\u00eec w\u00e6g-bora (of a sea-monster), 1441.\n\nw\u00e6g-flota, w. m., _sea-sailer, ship_: acc. sg. w\u00eag-flotan, 1908.\n\nw\u00e6g-holm, st. m., _the wave-filled sea_: acc. sg. ofer w\u00e6g-holm, 217.\n\nw\u00e6ge, st. n., _cup, can_: acc. sg. f\u00e4ted w\u00e6ge, 2254, 2283.--Comp.: ealo-,\nl\u00ee\u00f0-w\u00e6ge.\n\nw\u00e6g-l\u00ee\u00f0end, pres. part., _sea-farer_: dat. pl. w\u00e6g-l\u00ee\u00f0endum (et l\u00ee\u00f0endum,\nMS.), 3160.\n\nw\u00e6g-sweord, st. n., _heavy sword_: acc. sg., 1490.\n\nw\u00e6n, st. m., _wain, wagon_: acc. sg. on w\u00e6n, 3135.\n\nw\u00e6pen, st. n., _weapon; sword_: nom. sg., 1661; acc. sg. w\u00e6pen, 686, 1574,\n2520, 2688; instr. w\u00e6pne, 1665, 2966; gen. w\u00e6pnes, 1468; acc. pl. w\u00e6pen,\n292; dat. pl. w\u00e6pnum, 250, 331, 2039, 2396. --Comp.: hilde-, sige-w\u00e6pen.\n\nw\u00e6pned-man, st. m., _warrior, man_: dat. sg. w\u00e6pned-men, 1285.\n\nw\u00e6r, st. f., _covenant, treaty_: acc. sg. w\u00e6re, 1101;--_protection, care_:\ndat. sg. on fre\u00e1n (on \u00fe\u00e4s waldendes) w\u00e6re (_into God's protection_), 27,\n3110.--Comp.: frio\u00f0o-w\u00e6r.\n\nw\u00e6sma, w. m., _fierce strength, war-strength_: in comp. here-w\u00e6sma, 678.\n\nwe, pers. pron., _we_, 942, 959, 1327, 1653, 1819, 1820, etc.\n\nweb, st. n., _woven work, tapestry_:, nom. pl. web, 996.\n\nwebbe, w. f., _webster, female weaver_: in comp. freo\u00f0u-webbe.\n\nweccan, weccean, w. v. w. acc., _to wake, rouse; recall_: inf. w\u00eeg-bealu\nweccan (_to stir up strife_), 2047; nalles hearpan sw\u00eag (sceal) w\u00eegend\nweccean (_the sound of the harp shall not wake up the warriors_), 3025;\nongunnon \u00fe\u00e2 ... b\u00e6l-f\u00fdra m\u00e6st w\u00eegend weccan (_the warriors then began to\nstart the mightiest of funeral pyres_), 3145; pret. sg. wehte hine w\u00e4tre\n(_roused him with water_, i.e. W\u00eegl\u00e2f recalled Be\u00f3wulf to consciousness),\n2855.\n\nt\u00f4-weccan, _to stir up, rouse_: pret, pl. h\u00fb \u00fe\u00e2 folc mid him (_with one\nanother_), f\u00e6h\u00f0e t\u00f4-wehton, 2949.\n\nwed, st. n., (cf. wed-ding), _pledge_: dat. sg. hyldo t\u00f4 wedde (_as a\npledge of his favor_), 2999.\n\nweder, st. n., _weather_: acc. pl. wuldor-torhtan weder, 1137; gen. pl.\nwedera cealdost, 546.\n\nge-wef, st. n., _woof, weaving_: acc. pl. w\u00eeg-sp\u00eada ge-wiofu (_the woof of\nwar-speed_: the battle-woof woven for weal or woe by the Walkyries; cf.\nNjals-saga, 158), 698.\n\nweg, st. m., _way_: acc. sg. on weg (_away, off_), 264, 764, 845, 1431,\n2097; gyf \u00feu on weg cymest (_if thou comest off safe_, i.e. from the battle\nwith Grendel's mother), 1383.--Comp.: feor-, fold-, for\u00f0-, w\u00eed-weg.\n\nwegan, st. v. w. acc., _to bear, wear, bring, possess_: subj. pres. n\u00e2h hw\u00e2\nsweord wege (_I have none that may bear the sword_), 2253; inf. nalles\n(sceal) eorl wegan m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um t\u00f4 ge-myndum (_no earl shall wear a memorial\njewel_), 3016; pret. ind. he \u00fe\u00e2 fr\u00e4twe w\u00e4g ... ofer \u00fd\u00f0a ful (_bore the\njewels over the goblet of the waves_), 1208; w\u00e4l-seaxe ... \u00fe\u00e4t he on byrnan\nw\u00e4g, 2705; heortan sorge w\u00e4g (_bore heart's sorrow_); so, 152, 1778, 1932,\n2781.\n\n\u00e4t-wegan = _auferre, to carry off_: sy\u00f0\u00f0an H\u00e2ma \u00e4t-w\u00e4g t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e6re byrhtan\nbyrig Brosinga mene (_since H. bore from the bright city the\nBrosing-collar_), 1199.\n\nge-wegan (O.N. wega), _to fight_: inf. \u00fee he wi\u00f0 \u00feam wyrme ge-wegan\nsceolde, 2401.\n\nwel, adv.: 1) _well_: wel bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee ... (_well for him that ...!_), 186;\nse \u00fee wel \u00feence\u00f0 (_he that well thinketh, judgeth_), 289; so, 640, 1046,\n1822, 1834, 1952, 2602; well, 2163, 2813.--2) _very, very much_: Ge\u00e1t\nungemetes wel ... restan lyste (_the Geat longed sorely to rest_),\n1793.--3) _indeed, to be sure_, 2571, 2856.\n\nwela, w. m., _wealth, goods, possessions_: in comp. \u00e6r-, burg-, hord-,\nm\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um-wela.\n\nwel-hwylc, indef. pron., = quivis, _any you please, any_ (each, all): gen.\npl. wel-hwylcra wilna, 1345; w. partitive gen.: nom. sg. witena wel-hwylc,\n266;--substantively: acc. neut. wel-hwylc, 875.\n\nwelig, adj., _wealthy, rich_: acc. sg. w\u00eec-stede weligne W\u00e6gmundinga, 2608.\n\nwel-\u00feungen, pres. part., _well-thriven_ (in mind), _mature, high-minded_:\nnom. sg. Hygd (w\u00e4s) sw\u00ee\u00f0e geong, w\u00ees, wel-\u00feungen, 1928.\n\nwenian, w. v., _to accustom, attract, honor_: subj. pret. \u00fe\u00e4t ...\nFolcwaldan sunu ... Hengestes he\u00e1p hringum wenede (_sh. honor_), 1092.\n\nbe-(bi-)wenian, _entertain, care for, attend_: pret. sg. m\u00e4g \u00fe\u00e4s \u00feonne\nof-\u00feyncan \u00fee\u00f3den Hea\u00f0o-beardna ... \u00feonne he mid f\u00e6mnan on flet g\u00e6\u00f0,\ndryht-bearn Dena dugu\u00f0a bi-wenede (_may well displease the prince of the\nH.... when he with the woman goes into the hall, that a noble scion of the\nDanes should entertain, bear wine to, the knights_, cf. 494 seqq.; or, _a\nnoble scion of the Danes should attend on her?_), 2036; pret. part. nom.\npl. w\u00e6ron her tela willum be-wenede, 1822.\n\nwendan, w. v., _to turn_: pres. sg. III. him eal worold wende\u00f0 on willan\n(_all the world turns at his will_), 1740.\n\nge-wendan, w. acc.: l) _to turn, turn round_: pret. sg. wicg gewende\n(_turned his horse_), 315.--2) _to turn_ (intrans.), _change_: inf. w\u00e2 bi\u00f0\n\u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee sceal ... fr\u00f4fre ne w\u00eanan, wihte ge-wendan (_woe to him that shall\nhave no hope, shall not change at all_), 186.\n\non-wendan, _to avert, set aside_: 1) w. acc.: inf. ne mihte snotor h\u00e4le\u00f0\nwe\u00e1n on-wendan, 191.--2) intrans.: sibb \u00e6fre ne m\u00e4g wiht on-wendan \u00feam \u00fee\nwel \u00feence\u00f0 (_in, to, him that is well thinking friendship can not be set\naside_), 2602.\n\nwer, st. m., _man, hero_: nom. sg. (Grendel), 105; acc. sg. wer (Be\u00f3wulf),\n1269, 3174; gen. sg. on weres w\u00e4stmum (_in man's form_), 1353; nom. pl.\nweras, 216, 1223, 1234, 1441, 1651; dat. pl. werum, 1257; gen. pl. wera,\n120, 994, 1732, 3001; (MS. weora), 2948.\n\nwered, st. n., (as adj. = _sweet_), _a sort of beer_ (probably without hops\nor such ingredients): acc. sg. sc\u00eer wered, 496.\n\nwere-feohte, f., _defensive fight, fight in self-defence_: dat. pl. for\nwere-fyhtum (fere fyhtum, MS.), 457.\n\nwerh\u00f0o, st. f., _curse, outlawry, condemnation_: acc. sg. \u00feu in helle\nscealt werh\u00f0o dre\u00f3gan, 590.\n\nwerian, _to defend, protect_: w. vb., pres. sg. III. beaduscr\u00fbda ... \u00fe\u00e4t\nm\u00eene bre\u00f3st were\u00f0, 453; inf. wit unc wi\u00f0 hron-fixas werian \u00fe\u00f4hton, 541;\npres. part. w. gen. pl. wergendra t\u00f4 lyt (_too few defenders_), 2883; pret.\nind. w\u00e4l-re\u00e1f werede (_guarded the battle-spoil_), 1206; se hw\u00eeta helm\nhafelan werede (_the shining helm protected his head_), 1449; pl. hafelan\nweredon, 1328; pret. part. nom. pl. ge ... byrnum werede (_ye_ ...\n_corselet-clad_), 238, 2530.\n\nbe-werian, _to protect, defend_: pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e4t hie ... le\u00f3da land-geweorc\nl\u00e2\u00f0um be-weredon scuccum and scinnum (_that they the people's land-work\nfrom foes, from monsters and demons, might defend_), 939\n\nwerig, adj., _accursed, outlawed_: gen. sg. wergan g\u00e2stes (Grendel), 133;\n(of the devil), 1748.\n\nwerod, weorod, st. n., _band of men, warrior-troop_: nom. sg. werod, 652;\nweorod, 290, 2015, 3031; acc. sg. werod, 319; dat. instr. sg. weorode,\n1012, 2347; werede, 1216; gen. sg. werodes, 259; gen. pl. wereda, 2187;\nweoroda, 60.--Comp.: eorl-, flet-werod.\n\nwer-\u00fee\u00f3d, st. f., _people, humanity_: dat. sg. ofer wer-\u00fee\u00f3de, 900.\n\nwesan, v., _to be_: pres. sg. I. ic eom, 335, 407; II. \u00feu eart, 352, 506;\nIII. is, 256, 272, 316, 343, 375, 473, etc.; nu is \u00fe\u00eenes m\u00e4genes bl\u00e6d \u00e2ne\nhw\u00eele (_the prime [fame?] of thy powers lasteth now for a while_), 1762;\nys, 2911, 3000, 3085; pl. I. we synt, 260, 342; II. syndon, 237, 393; III.\nsyndon, 257, 361, 1231; synt, 364; sint, 388; subj. pres. s\u00eee, 435, 683,\netc.; s\u00fd, 1832, etc.; sig, 1779, etc.; imper. sg. II. wes, 269 (cf.\nwassail, wes h\u00e6l), 407, 1171, 1220, 1225, etc.; inf. wesan, 272, 1329,\n1860, 2709, etc. The inf. wesan must sometimes be supplied: nealles Hetware\nhr\u00eamge \u00feorfton (i.e. wesan) f\u00ea\u00f0e-w\u00eeges, 2364; so, 2498, 2660, 618, 1858;\npres. part. wesende, 46; dat. sg. wesendum, 1188; pret. sg. I., III. w\u00e4s,\n11, 12, 18, 36, 49, 53, etc.; w\u00e4s on sunde (_was a-swimming_), 1619; so,\n848, 850(?), 970, 981, 1293; progressive, w\u00e4s secgende (for s\u00e6de), 3029;\nII. w\u00e6re, 1479, etc.; pl. w\u00e6ron, 233, 536, 544, etc.; w\u00e6ran (w. reflex,\nhim), 2476; pret. subj. w\u00e6re, 173, 203, 594, 946, etc.; progressive,\nmyndgiend w\u00e6re (for myndgie), 1106.--Contracted neg. forms: , nis = ne +\nis, 249, 1373, etc.; n\u00e4s = ne + w\u00e4s, 134, 1300, 1922, 2193, etc. (cf.\nuncontracted: ne w\u00e4s, 890, 1472); n\u00e6ron = ne + w\u00e6ron, 2658; n\u00e6re = ne +\nw\u00e6re, 861, 1168. See cniht-wesende.\n\nw\u00eag. See w\u00e6g.\n\nw\u00ean, st. f., _expectation, hope_: nom. sg., 735, 1874, 2324; nu is le\u00f3dum\nw\u00ean orleg-hw\u00eele (gen.) (_now the people have weening of a time of strife_),\n2911; acc. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s ic w\u00ean h\u00e4bbe (_as I hope, expect_), 383; so, \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee ic\n[w\u00ean] hafo, 3001; w\u00ean ic talige, 1846; dat. pl. bega on w\u00eanum _(in\nexpectation of both_, i.e. the death and the return of Be\u00f3wulf), 2896. See\nor-w\u00eana.\n\nw\u00eanan, w. v., _to ween, expect, hope_: 1) absolutely; pres. sg. I. \u00fe\u00e4s ic\nw\u00eane (_as I hope_), 272; sw\u00e2 ic \u00fee w\u00eane t\u00f4 _(as I hope thou wilt_: Be\u00f3wulf\nhopes Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r will now suffer no more pain), 1397.--2) w. gen. or acc.\npres. sg. I. \u00feonne w\u00eane ic t\u00f4 \u00fee wyrsan ge-\u00feinges, 525; ic \u00fe\u00e6r hea\u00f0u-f\u00fdres\nh\u00e2tes w\u00eane, 2523; III. secce ne w\u00eane\u00f0 to G\u00e2r Denum (_weeneth not of contest\nwith the Gar-Danes_), 601; inf. (beorhtre b\u00f4te) w\u00eanan (_to expect, count\non, a brilliant_ [? _a lighter penalty_] _atonement_), 157; pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e4s\nne w\u00eandon \u00e6r witan Scyldinga \u00fe\u00e4t ... _the wise men of the Scyldings weened\nnot of this before, that_...), 779; \u00fe\u00e4t hig \u00fe\u00e4s \u00e4\u00f0elinges eft ne w\u00eandon \u00fe\u00e4t\nhe ... s\u00eacean c\u00f4me _(that they looked not for the atheling again that he_\n... _would come to seek_ ...), 1598.--3) w. acc. inf.: pret. sg. w\u00eande,\n934.--4) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I. w\u00eane ic \u00fe\u00e4t..., 1185; w\u00ean' ic\n\u00fe\u00e4t..., 338, 442; pret. sg. w\u00eande, 2330; pl. w\u00eandon, 938, 1605.\n\nw\u00eapan, st. v., _to weep_: pret. sg. [we\u00f3p], 3152 (?).\n\nwerig, adj., _weary, exhausted_, w. gen.: nom. sg. si\u00f0es w\u00earig (_weary from\nthe journey, way-weary_), 579; dat. sg. si\u00f0es w\u00eargum, 1795;--w. instr.:\nacc. pl. wundum w\u00earge _(wound-weary_), 2938.--Comp.: de\u00e1\u00f0-, fyl-,\ng\u00fb\u00f0-w\u00earig.\n\nge-werigean, w. v., _to weary, exhaust_: pret. part. ge-w\u00eargad, 2853.\n\nw\u00earig-m\u00f4d, adj., _weary-minded (animo defessus)_: nom. sg., 845, 1544.\n\nw\u00easte, adj., _waste, uninhabited_: acc. sg. win-sele w\u00eastne, 2457.\n\nw\u00easten, st. n., _waste, wilderness_: acc. sg. w\u00easten, 1266.\n\nw\u00easten, st. f., _waste, wilderness_: dat. sg. on \u00fe\u00e6re w\u00eastenne, 2299.\n\nweal, st. m.: 1 _wall, rampart_: dat. instr. sg. wealle, 786, 892, 3163;\ngen. sg. wealles, 2308.--2) _elevated sea-shore_: dat. sg. of wealle, 229;\nacc. pl. windige weallas, 572, 1225.--3) _wall of a building_: acc, sg. wi\u00f0\n\u00fe\u00e4s recedes weal, 326; dat. sg. be wealle, 1574; hence, the inner and outer\nrock-walls of the dragon's lair (cf. Heyne's essay: Halle Heorot, p. 59):\ndat. sg., 2308, 2527, 2717, 2760, 3061, 3104; gen. sg. wealles,\n2324.--Comp.: bord-, eor\u00f0-, s\u00e6-, scyld-weal.\n\nge-wealc, st. n., _rolling_: acc. sg. ofer \u00fd\u00f0a ge-wealc, 464.\n\nge-weald, st. n., _power, might_: acc. sg. on fe\u00f3nda ge-weald _(into the\npower of his foes_), 809, 904; so, 1685; geweald \u00e2gan, h\u00e4bban, \u00e2-be\u00f3dan (w.\ngen. of object = _to present) = to have power over_, 79, 655, 765, 951,\n1088, 1611, 1728. See on-weald.\n\nwealdan, st. v., _to wield, govern, rule over, prevail_: 1) absolutely or\nwith depend, clause: inf. gif he wealdan m\u00f4t (_if he may prevail_), 442;\n\u00fe\u00e6r he ... wealdan m\u00f4ste sw\u00e2 him Wyrd ne ge-scr\u00e2f (_if [where?] he was to\nprevail, as Weird had not destined for him_), 2575; pres. part. waldend\n(_God_), 1694; dat. wealdende, 2330; gen. waldendes, 2293, 2858, 3110.--2)\nwith instr. or dat.: inf. \u00fe\u00e2m w\u00e6pnum wealdan (_to wield, prevail with, the\nweapons_), 2039; Ge\u00e1tum wealdan (_to rule the Ge\u00e1tas_), 2391; \u00fee\u00e1h-hordum\nwealdan (_to rule over, control, the treasure of rings_), 2828; w\u00e4l-st\u00f4we\nwealdan (_to hold the field of battle_), 2985; pret. sg. we\u00f3ld, 465, 1058,\n2380, 2596; \u00feenden wordum we\u00f3ld wine Scyldinga (_while the friend of the S.\nruled the G._), 30; pl. we\u00f3ldon, 2052.--3) with gen.: pres. sg. I. \u00feenden\nic wealde w\u00eedan r\u00eeces, 1860; pres. part. wuldres wealdend(waldend), 17,\n183, 1753; weard, 2514; the _'dragon_ is called ylda waldend, 1662; waldend\nfira, 2742; sigora waldend, 2876 (designations of God); pret. sg. we\u00f3ld,\n703, 1771.\n\nge-wealdan, _to wield, have power over, arrange_: 1) w. acc.: pret. sg.\nh\u00e2lig god ge-we\u00f3ld w\u00eeg-sigor, 1555.--2) w. dat.: pret. cyning ge-we\u00f3ld his\nge-witte (_the king possessed his senses_), 2704.--3) w. gen.: inf. he ne\nmihte n\u00f4 ... w\u00e6pna ge-wealdan, 1510.\n\nge-wealden, pret. part., _subject, subjected_: acc. pl. ged\u00ea\u00f0 him sw\u00e2\ngewealdene worolde d\u00e6las, 1733.\n\nweallan, st. v.: 1) _to toss, be agitated_ (of the sea): pres. part. nom.\npl. wadu weallende (weallendu), 546, 581; nom. sg. brim weallende, 848;\npret. ind. we\u00f3l, 515, 850, 1132; we\u00f3ll, 2139.--2) figuratively (of\nemotions), _to be agitated_: pres. pl. III. sy\u00f0\u00f0an Ingelde wealla\u00f0\nw\u00e4l-n\u00ee\u00f0as (_deadly hate thus agitates Ingeld_), 2066; pres. part.\nweallende, 2465; pret. sg. hre\u00f0er inne we\u00f3ll (_his heart was moved within\nhim_), 2114; hre\u00f0er \u00e6\u00f0me we\u00f3ll (_his breast_ [the dragon's] _swelled from\nbreathing, snorting_), 2594; bre\u00f3st innan we\u00f3ll \u00fee\u00f3strum ge-\u00feoncum, 2332;\nso, we\u00f3ll, 2600, 2715, 2883.\n\nweall-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: acc. sg. ofer weall-clif, 3133.\n\nweallian, w. v., _to wander, rove about_: pres. part. in comp.\nheoro-weallende, 2782.\n\nweard, st. m., _warden, guardian; owner_: nom. sg. weard Scyldinga (_the\nScyldings' warden of the march_), 229; weard, 286, 2240; se weard, s\u00e2wele\nhyrde, 1742; the _king_ is called be\u00e1h-horda weard, 922; r\u00eeces weard, 1391;\nfolces weard, 2514; the _dragon_ is called weard, 3061; weard un-hi\u00f3re,\n2414; beorges weard, 2581; acc. sg, weard, 669; (dragon), 2842; beorges\nweard (dragon), 2525, 3067.--Comp.: b\u00e2t-, \u00ea\u00f0el-, gold-, he\u00e1fod-, hord-,\nh\u00fd\u00f0-, land-, r\u00ean-, sele-, yrfe-weard.\n\nweard, st. m., _possession_ (Dietrich in Haupt XI., 415): in comp.\neor\u00f0-weard, 2335.\n\nweard, st. f., _watch, ward_: acc. sg. wearde healdan, 319; wearde he\u00f3ld,\n305.--Comp. \u00e6g-weard.\n\nweard, adj., _-ward_: in comp. and-, innan-, \u00fbt-weard, 1288, etc.\n\nweardian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to watch, guard, keep_: inf. he his folme\nforl\u00eat t\u00f4 l\u00eef-wra\u00f0e, l\u00e2st weardian (_Grendel left his hand behind as a\nlife-saver, to guard his track_ [Kemble]), 972; pret. sg. him si\u00f3 sw\u00ee\u00f0re\nswa\u00f0e weardade hand on Hiorte (_his right hand kept guard for him in H._,\ni.e. showed that he had been there), 2099; sg. for pl. h\u00fdrde ic \u00fe\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2m\nfr\u00e4twum fe\u00f3wer mearas lungre gel\u00eece last weardode (_I heard that four\nhorses, quite alike, followed in the traces of the armor_), 2165.--2) _to\nhold, possess, inhabit_: pret. sg. f\u00eefel-cynnes eard ... weardode (_dwelt\nin the abode of the sea-fiends_), 105; reced weardode un-r\u00eem eorla (_an\nimmense number of earls held the hall_), 1238; pl. \u00fe\u00e6r we gesunde s\u00e4l\nweardodon, 2076.\n\nwearh, st. m., _the accursed one; wolf_: in comp. heoro-wearg, 1268.\n\nwearn, st. f.: 1) _resistance, refusal_, 366.--2) _warning?, resistance?_\nSee un-wearnum, 742.\n\nweaxan, st. v., _to wax, grow_: pres. sg. III. \u00f4\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t him on innan\nofer-hygda d\u00e6l weaxe\u00f0 (_till within him pride waxeth_), 1742; inf. weaxan,\n3116; pret. sg. we\u00f4x, 8.\n\nge-weaxan, _to grow up_: pret. sg. oft \u00fe\u00e4t se\u00f3 geogo\u00f0 ge-we\u00f4x, 66.\n\nge-weaxan to, _to grow to_ or _for something_: pret. sg. ne ge-we\u00f4x he him\nto willan (_grew not for their benefit_), 1712.\n\nwe\u00e1, w. m., _woe, evil, misfortune_: nom. sg., 937; acc. sg. wean, 191,\n423, 1207, 1992, 2293, 2938; gen. pl. we\u00e1na, 148, 934, 1151, 1397.\n\nwe\u00e1-l\u00e2f, st. f., _wretched remnant_: acc. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 we\u00e1-l\u00e2fe (_the wretched\nremnant_, i.e. Finn's almost annihilated band), 1085, 1099.\n\nwe\u00e1-spel, st. n., _woe-spell, evil tidings_: dat. sg. we\u00e1-spelle, 1316.\n\nge-weoldum. See ge-wild.\n\nweorc, st. n.: 1) _work, labor, deed_: acc. sg., 74; (_war-deed_), 1657;\ninstr. sg. weorce, 1570; dat. pl. weorcum, 2097; wordum ne (and) worcum,\n1101, 1834; gen. pl. worda and worca, 289.--2) _work, trouble, suffering_:\nacc. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s gewinnes weorc (_misery on account of this strife_), 1722;\ndat. pl. adv. weorcum (_with labor_), 1639.--Comp.: b\u00e6do-, ellen-, hea\u00f0o-,\nniht-weorc.\n\nge-weorc, st. n.: 1) _work, deed, labor_: nom. acc. sg., 455, 1563, 1682,\n2718, 2775; gen. sg. ge-weorces, 2712. Comp.: \u00e6r-, fyrn-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, hond-,\nn\u00ee\u00f0-ge-weorc.--2) _fortification, rampart_: in comp. land-geweorc, 939.\n\nweorce, adj., _painful, bitter_: nom. sg., 1419.\n\nweor\u00f0, st. n., _precious object, valuable_: dat. sg. weor\u00f0e, 2497.\n\nweor\u00f0, adj., _dear, precious_: nom. sg. weor\u00f0 Denum \u00e4\u00f0eling (_the atheling\ndear to the Danes_, Be\u00f3wulf), 1815; compar. nom. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t he sy\u00f0\u00f0an w\u00e4s ...\nm\u00e2\u00f0me \u00fe\u00fd weor\u00f0ra (_more honored from the jewel_), 1903; cf. wyr\u00f0e.\n\nweor\u00f0an, st. v.: 1) _to become_: pres. sg. III. beholen weor\u00f0e\u00f0 (_is\nconcealed_), 414; underne weor\u00f0e\u00f0 (_becomes known_), 2914; so, pl. III.\nweor\u00f0a\u00f0, 2067; wur\u00f0a\u00f0, 282; inf. weor\u00f0an, 3179; wur\u00f0an, 808; pret. sg. I.,\nIII. wear\u00f0, 6, 77, 149, 409, 555, 754, 768, 819, 824, etc.; pl. wurdon,\n228; subj. pret. wurde, 2732.--2) inf. to fr\u00f4fre weor\u00f0an (_to become a\nhelp_), 1708; pret. sg. wear\u00f0 he Hea\u00f0ol\u00e2fe t\u00f4 hand-bonan, 460; so, wear\u00f0,\n906, 1262; ne wear\u00f0 Herem\u00f4d sw\u00e2 (i.e. to fr\u00f4fre) eaforum Ecgwelan, 1710;\npl. wurdon, 2204; subj. pret. sg. II. wurde, 588.--3) pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t he on\nfylle wear\u00f0 (_that he came to a fall_), 1545.--4) _to happen, befall_: inf.\nunc sceal weor\u00f0an ... sw\u00e2 unc Wyrd ge-te\u00f3\u00f0 (_it shall befall us two as Fate\ndecrees_), 2527; \u00feurh hw\u00e4t his worulde ged\u00e2l weor\u00f0an sceolde, 3069; pret.\nsg. \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00f4na wear\u00f0 ed-hwyrft eorlum (_there was soon a renewal to the\nearls_, i.e. of the former perils), 1281.\n\nge-weor\u00f0an: 1) _to become_: pret. sg. ge-wear\u00f0, 3062; pret. part. cearu w\u00e4s\ngeniwod ge-worden (_care was renewed_), 1305; sw\u00e2 us ge-worden is,\n3079.--2) _to finish; complete?_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu ... l\u00eate S\u00fb\u00f0-Dene sylfe\nge-weor\u00f0an g\u00fb\u00f0e wi\u00f0 Grendel (_that thou wouldst let the S. D. put an end to\ntheir war with Grendel_), 1997.--3) impersonally with acc., _to agree,\ndecide_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 \u00fe\u00e4s monige ge-wear\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t ... (_since many agreed that_\n...), 1599; pret. part. hafa\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4s ge-worden wine Scyldinga, r\u00eeces hyrde,\nand \u00fe\u00e4t r\u00e6d tala\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4t he ... (_therefore hath it so appeared(?) advisable\nto the friend of the S., the guardian of the realm, and he counts it a gain\nthat_ ...), 2027.\n\nweor\u00f0-ful, adj., _glorious, full of worth_: nom. sg. weor\u00f0-fullost, 3100.\n\nweor\u00f0ian, w. v., _to honor, adorn_: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e6r ic ... \u00fe\u00eene le\u00f3de\nweor\u00f0ode weorcum (_there honored I thy people by my deeds_), 2097; subj.\npret. (\u00fe\u00e4t he) \u00e4t feoh-gyftum ... Dene weor\u00f0ode (_that he would honor the\nDanes at, by, treasure-giving_), 1091.\n\nge-weor\u00f0ian, ge-wur\u00f0ian, _to deck, ornament_: pret. part. hire sy\u00f0\u00f0an w\u00e4s\n\u00e4fter be\u00e1h-\u00feege bre\u00f3st ge-weor\u00f0od, 2177; w\u00e6pnum ge-weor\u00f0ad, 250; since\nge-weor\u00f0ad, 1451; so, ge-wur\u00f0ad, 331, 1039, 1646; wide ge-weor\u00f0ad (_known,\nhonored, afar_), 1960.\n\nweor\u00f0-l\u00eece, adv., _worthily, nobly_: superl. weor\u00f0-l\u00eecost, 3163.\n\nweor\u00f0-mynd, st. f. n., _dignity, honor, glory_: nom. sg., 65; acc. sg.\ngeseah \u00fe\u00e2 eald sweord ..., w\u00eegena weor\u00f0mynd (_saw an ancient sword there,\nthe glory of warriors_), 1560; dat. instr. pl. weor\u00f0-myndum, 8; t\u00f4\nwor\u00f0-myndum, 1187; gen. pl. weor\u00f0-mynda d\u00e6l, 1753.\n\nweor\u00f0ung, st. f., _ornament_: in comp. bre\u00f3st-, h\u00e2m-, heorft-, hring-,\nw\u00eeg-weor\u00f0ung.\n\nweorod. See werod.\n\nweorpan, st. v.: 1) _to throw, cast away_, w. acc.: pret. sg. wearp \u00fe\u00e2\nwunden-m\u00e6l wr\u00e4ttum gebunden yrre oretta, \u00fe\u00e4t hit on eor\u00f0an l\u00e4g (_the\nwrathful warrior threw the ornamented sword, that it lay on the earth_),\n1532.--2) _to throw around_ or _about_, w. instr.: pret. sg. beorges weard\n. .. wearp w\u00e4l-f\u00fdre (_threw death-fire around_), 2583.--3) _to throw upon_:\ninf. he hine eft ongan w\u00e4teres (instr. gen.) weorpan (_began to cast water\nupon him again_), 2792.\n\nfor-weorpan, w. acc., _to cast away, squander_: subj. pret. \u00fe\u00e4t he genunga\ng\u00fb\u00f0-gew\u00e6du wr\u00e2\u00f0e for-wurpe (_that he squandered uselessly the\nbattle-weeds_, i.e. gave them to the unworthy), 2873.\n\nofer-weorpan, _to stumble_: pret. sg. ofer-wearp \u00fe\u00e2 ... w\u00eegena strongest,\n1544.\n\nweotian, w. v., _to provide with, adjust_(?): pret. part. acc. pl.\nw\u00e4l-bende weotode, 1937.\n\nbe-weotian, be-witian, w. v. w. acc., _to regard, observe, care for_: pres.\npl. III. be-witia\u00f0, 1136; pret. sg. \u00feegn ... se \u00fee ... ealle be-weotede\n\u00feegnes \u00feearfe (_who would attend to all the needs of a thane_), 1797; draca\nse \u00fee ... hord be-weotode (_the drake that guarded a treasure_), 2213;--_to\ncarry out, undertake_: pres. pl. III. \u00fe\u00e2 ... oft be-witiga\u00f0 sorh-fulne s\u00ee\u00f0\non segl-r\u00e2de, 1429.\n\nwicg, st. n., _steed, riding-horse_: nom. sg., 1401; acc. sg. wicg, 315;\ndat. instr. sg. wicge, 234; on wicge, 286; acc. pl. wicg, 2175; gen. pl.\nwicga, 1046.\n\nge-widor, st. n., _storm, tempest_: acc. pl. l\u00e2\u00f0 ge-widru (_loathly\nweather_), 1376.\n\nwi\u00f0 prep. w. dat. and acc., with fundamental meanings of division and\nopposition: 1) w. dat., _against, with_ (in hostile sense), _from_: \u00fe\u00e2 wi\u00f0\ngode wunnon, 113; \u00e2na (wan) wi\u00f0 eallum, 145; ymb feorh sacan, l\u00e2\u00f0 wi\u00f0\nl\u00e2\u00f0um, 440; so, 426, 439, 550, 2372, 2521, 2522, 2561, 2840, 3005; \u00fe\u00e4t him\nholt-wudu ... helpan ne meahte, lind wi\u00f0 l\u00eege, 2342; hw\u00e4t ... s\u00ealest w\u00e6re\nwi\u00f0 f\u00e6r-gryrum t\u00f4 ge-fremmanne, 174; \u00fe\u00e4t him g\u00e2st-bona ge\u00f3ce gefremede wi\u00f0\n\u00fee\u00f3d-\u00fere\u00e1um, 178; wi\u00f0 rihte wan (_strove against right_), 144; h\u00e4fde ...\nsele Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2res ge-nered wi\u00f0 n\u00ee\u00f0e (_had saved H.'s hall from strife_), 828;\n(him dyrne langa\u00f0 ...) beorn wi\u00f0 bl\u00f4de (_the hero longeth secretly contrary\nto his blood_, i.e. H. feels a secret longing for the non-related Be\u00f3wulf),\n1881; sundur ge-d\u00e6lan l\u00eef wi\u00f0 l\u00eece (_to sunder soul from body_), 2424;\nstre\u00e1mas wundon sund wi\u00f0 sande (_the currents rolled the sea against the\nsand_), 213; l\u00eeg-\u00fd\u00f0um forborn bord wi\u00f0 ronde (rond, MS.) (_with waves of\nflame burnt the shield against, as far as, the rim_), 2674; holm storme\nwe\u00f3l, won wi\u00f0 winde (_the sea surged, wrestled with the wind_), 1133; so,\nhiora in \u00e2num we\u00f3ll sefa wi\u00f0 sorgum (_in one of them surged the soul with\nsorrow_ [_against_?, Heyne]), 2601; \u00fe\u00e4t hire wi\u00f0 healse heard gr\u00e2pode\n(_that the sharp sword bit against her neck_), 1567.--2) w. acc.: a)\n_against, towards_: wan wi\u00f0 Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r (_fought against H._), 152; wi\u00f0 fe\u00f3nda\ngehwone, 294; wi\u00f0 wr\u00e2\u00f0 werod, 319; so, 540, 1998, 2535; hine h\u00e2lig god \u00fbs\non-sende wi\u00f0 Grendles gryre, 384; \u00fe\u00e4t ic wi\u00f0 \u00feone g\u00fb\u00f0-flogan gylp\nofer-sitte (_that I refrain from boastful speech against the\nbattle-flier_), 2529; ne wolde wi\u00f0 manna ge-hwone ... feorh-bealo feorran\n(_would not cease his life-plotting against any of the men_; or, _withdraw\nlife-bale from_, etc.? or, _peace would not have with any man..., mortal\nbale withdraw_?, Kemble), 155; ic \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00f3de w\u00e2t ge wi\u00f0 fe\u00f3nd ge wi\u00f0 fre\u00f3nd\nf\u00e4ste geworhte (_towards foe and friend_), 1865; he\u00f3ld he\u00e1h-lufan wi\u00f0\nh\u00e4le\u00f0a brego (_cherished high love towards the prince of heroes_), 1955;\nwi\u00f0 ord and wi\u00f0 ecge ingang forst\u00f4d (_prevented entrance to spear-point and\nsword-edge_), 1550. b) _against, on, upon, in_: setton s\u00eede scyldas ... wi\u00f0\n\u00fe\u00e4s recedes weal (_against the wall of the hall_), 326; wi\u00f0 eor\u00f0an f\u00e4\u00f0m\n(eardodon) (_in the bosom of the earth_), 3050; wi\u00f0 earm ge-s\u00e4t (_sat on,\nagainst, his arm_), 750; so, st\u00ee\u00f0-m\u00f4d ge-st\u00f4d wi\u00f0 ste\u00e1pne rond, 2567; [wi\u00f0\nduru healle eode] (_went to the door of the hall_), 389; wi\u00f0 Hrefna-wudu\n(_over against, near, H._), 2926; wi\u00f0 his sylfes sunu setl ge-t\u00e6hte\n(_showed me to a seat with, near, beside, his own son_), 2014. c) _towards,\nwith_ (of contracting parties): \u00fe\u00e4t hie healfre ge-weald wi\u00f0 Eotena bearn\n\u00e2gan m\u00f4ston (_that they power over half the hall with the Eotens' sons were\nto possess_), 1089; \u00feenden he wi\u00f0 wulf w\u00e4l re\u00e1fode (_whilst with the wolf\nhe was robbing the slain_), 3028.--3) Alternately with dat. and acc.,\n_against_: nu wi\u00f0 Grendel sceal, wi\u00f0 \u00feam agl\u00e6can, \u00e2na gehegan \u00feing wi\u00f0\n\u00feyrse, 424-426;--_with, beside_: ge-s\u00e4t \u00fe\u00e2 wi\u00f0 sylfne..., m\u00e6g wi\u00f0 m\u00e6ge,\n1978-79.\n\nwi\u00f0er-gyld, st. n., _compensation_: nom. sg., 2052, [proper name?].\n\nwi\u00f0er-r\u00e4htes, adv., _opposite, in front of_, 3040.\n\nwi\u00f0re, st. n., _resistance_: gen. sg. wi\u00f0res ne tr\u00fbwode, 2954.\n\nwig-weor\u00f0ung, st. f., _idol-worship, idolatry, sacrifice to idols_: acc.\npl. -weor\u00f0unga, 176.\n\nwiht, st. f.: 1) _wight, creature, demon_: nom. sg. wiht unh\u00e6lo (_the demon\nof destruction_, Grendel), 120; acc. sg. syll\u00eecran wiht (the dragon),\n3039.--2) _thing, something, aught_: nom. sg. w. negative, ne hine wiht\ndwele\u00f0 (_nor does aught check him_), 1736; him wiht ne spe\u00f3w (_it helped\nhim naught_), 2855; acc. sg. ne him \u00fe\u00e4s wyrmes w\u00eeg for wiht dyde (_nor did\nhe count the worm's warring for aught_), 2349; ne meahte ic ... wiht\ngewyrcan _(I could not do aught_ ...), 1661;--w. partitive gen.: n\u00f4 ...\nwiht swylcra searo-ni\u00f0a, 581;--the acc. sg. = adv. like Germ. _nicht_: ne\nhie h\u00fbru wine-drihten wiht ne l\u00f4gon (_did not blame their friendly lord\naught_), 863; so, ne wiht = _naught, in no wise_, 1084, 2602, 2858; n\u00f4\nwiht, 541; instr. sg. wihte (_in aught, in any way_), 1992; ne ... wihte\n(_by no means_), 186, 2278, 2688; wihte ne, 1515, 1996, 2465, 2924.--Comp.:\n\u00e2-wiht (\u00e2ht = _aught_), \u00e4l-wiht, \u00f4-wiht.\n\nwil-cuma, w. m., _one welcome_ (qui gratus advenit): nom. pl. wil-cuman\nDenigea le\u00f3dum (_welcome to the people of the Danes_), 388; so, him (the\nlord of the Danes) wil-cuman, 394; wil-cuman Wedera le\u00f3dum (_welcome to the\nGe\u00e1tas_), 1895.\n\nge-wild, st. f., _free-will_? dat. pl. nealles mid ge-weoldum (_sponte,\nvoluntarily_, Bugge), 2223.\n\nwil-de\u00f3r (for wild-de\u00f3r), st. n., _wild beast_: acc. pl. wil-de\u00f3r, 1431.\n\nwil-ges\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _chosen_ or _willing companion_: nom. pl. -ge-s\u00ee\u00f0as, 23.\n\nwil-geofa, w. m., _ready giver_ (= voti largitor: princely designation),\n_joy-giver_?: nom. sg. wil-geofa Wedra le\u00f3da, 2901.\n\nwilla, w. m.: 1) _will, wish, desire, sake_: nom. sg. 627, 825; acc. sg.\nwillan, 636, 1740, 2308, 2410; instr. sg. \u00e2nes willan (_for the sake of\none_), 3078; so, 2590; dat. sg. t\u00f4 willan, 1187, 1712; instr. pl. willum\n(_according to wish_), 1822; sylfes willum, 2224, 2640; gen. pl. wilna,\n1345.--2) _desirable thing, valuable_: gen. pl. wilna, 661, 951.\n\nwillan, aux. v., _will_: in pres. also _shall_ (when the future action is\ndepend. on one's free will): pres. sg. I. wille ic \u00e2-secgan (_I will set\nforth, tell out_), 344; so, 351, 427; ic t\u00f4 s\u00e6 wille (_I will to sea_),\n318; wylle, 948, 2149, 2513; sg. II. \u00feu wylt, 1853; sg. III. he wile, 346,\n446, 1050, 1182, 1833; wyle, 2865; wille, 442, 1004, 1185, 1395; \u00e6r he in\nwille (_ere he will in_, i.e. go or flee into the fearful sea), 1372;\nwylle, 2767; pl. I. we ... wylla\u00f0, 1819; pret. sg. I., III. wolde, 68, 154,\n200, 646, 665, 739, 756, 797, 881, etc.; n\u00f4 ic fram him wolde (i.e.\nfle\u00f3tan), 543; so, sw\u00e2 he hira m\u00e2 wolde (i.e. \u00e2-cwellan), 1056; pret. pl.\nwoldon, 482, 2637, 3173; subj. pret., 2730.--Forms contracted w. negative:\npres. sg. I. nelle (= ne + wille, _I will not_, nolo), 680, 2525(?); pret.\nsg. III. nolde (= ne + wolde), 792, 804, 813, 1524; w. omitted inf. \u00fe\u00e2\nmetod nolde, 707, 968; pret. subj. nolde, 2519.\n\nwilnian, w. v., _to long for, beseech_: inf. wel bi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e4m \u00fee m\u00f4t ... t\u00f4\nf\u00e4der f\u00e4\u00f0mum freo\u00f0o wilnian (_well for him that may beseech protection in\nthe Father's arms_), 188.\n\nwil-s\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _chosen journey_: acc. sg. wil-s\u00ee\u00f0, 216.\n\nge-win, st. n.: 1) _strife, struggle, enmity, conflict_: acc. sg., 878; \u00fe\u00e2\nhie ge-win drugon (_endured strife_), 799; under \u00fd\u00f0a ge-win (_under the\ntumult of the waves_), 1470; gen. sg. \u00fe\u00e4s ge-winnes weorc (_misery for this\nstrife_), 1722.--2) _suffering, oppression_: nom. sg., 133, 191; acc. sg.\neald ge-win, 1782.--Comp.: fyrn-, \u00fd\u00f0-ge-win.\n\nw\u00een-\u00e4rn, st. n., _hall of hospitality, hall, wine-hall_: gen. sg.\nw\u00een-\u00e4rnes, 655.\n\nwind, st. m., _wind, storm_: nom. sg., 547, 1375, 1908; dat. instr. sg.\nwinde, 217; wi\u00f0 winde, 1133.\n\nwindan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to wind, whirl_: pret. sg. wand t\u00f4 wolcnum\nw\u00e4l-f\u00fdra m\u00e6st, 1120.--2) w. acc., _to twist, wind, curl_: pret. pl.\nstre\u00e1mas wundon sund wi\u00f0 sande, 212; pret. part. wunden gold (_twisted,\nspirally-twined, gold_), 1194, 3135; instr. pl. wundnum (wundum, MS.)\ngolde, 1383.\n\n\u00e4t-windan, _to wrest one's self from, escape_: pret. sg. se \u00fe\u00e4m fe\u00f3nde\n\u00e4t-wand, 143.\n\nbe-windan, _to wind with_ or _round, clasp, surround, envelop_ (involvere):\npret. sg. \u00fee hit (the sword) mundum be-wand, 1462; pret. part. w\u00eerum\nbe-wunden (_wound with wires_) 1032; feorh ... fl\u00e6sce be-wunden\n(_flesh-enclosed_), 2425; g\u00e2r ... mundum be-wunden (_a spear grasped with\nthe hands_), 3023; i\u00fb-manna gold galdre be-wunden (_spell-encircled gold_),\n3053; (\u00e2st\u00e2h ...) l\u00eag w\u00f4pe be-wunden (_uprose the flame mingled with a\nlament_), 3147.\n\nge-windan, _to writhe, get loose, escape_: inf. w\u00eedre ge-windan (_to flee\nfurther_), 764; pret. sg. on fle\u00e1m ge-wand, 1002.\n\non-windan, _to unwind, loosen_: pres. sg. (\u00feonne f\u00e4der) on-winde\u00f0\nw\u00e4l-r\u00e2pas, 1611.\n\nwin-d\u00e4g, st. m., _day of struggle_ or _suffering_: dat. pl. on \u00feyssum\nwin-dagum (_in these days of sorrow_, i.e. of earthly existence), 1063.\n\nwind-bland (blond), st. n., _wind-roar_: nom. sg., 3147.\n\nwind-gereste, f., _resting-place of the winds_: acc. sg., 2457.\n\nwindig, adj., _windy_: acc. pl. windige (weallas, n\u00e4ssas), 572, 1359;\nwindige weallas (wind geard weallas, MS.), 1225.\n\nwine, st. m., _friend, protector_, especially the _beloved ruler_: nom. sg.\nwine Scyldinga, le\u00f3f land-fruma (Scyld), 30; wine Scyldinga (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 148,\n1184. As vocative: m\u00een wine, 2048; wine m\u00een, Be\u00f3wulf (Hunfer\u00f0), 457, 530,\n1705; acc. sg. holdne wine (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 376; wine Deniga, Scyldinga, 350,\n2027; dat. sg. wine Scyldinga, 170; gen. sg. wines (Be\u00f3wulf), 3097; acc.\npl. wine, 21; dat. pl. Denum eallum, winum Scyldinga, 1419; gen. pl.\nwinigea le\u00e1sum, 1665; winia bealdor, 2568.--Comp.: fre\u00e1-, fre\u00f3-, gold-,\ng\u00fb\u00f0-, m\u00e6g-wine.\n\nwine-dryhten, st. m., (dominus amicus), _friendly lord, lord and friend_:\nacc. sg. wine-drihten, 863, 1605; wine-dryhten, 2723, 3177; dat. sg.\nwine-drihtne, 360.\n\nwine-ge\u00f4mor, adj., _friend-mourning_: nom. sg., 2240.\n\nwine-le\u00e1s, adj., _friendless_: dat. sg. wine-le\u00e1sum, 2614.\n\nwine-m\u00e6g, st. m., _dear kinsman_: nom. pl. wine-m\u00e2gas, 65.\n\nge-winna, w. m., _striver, struggler, foe_: comp. eald-, ealdor-gewinna.\n\nwinnan, st. v., _to struggle, fight_: pret. sg. III. wan \u00e2na wi\u00f0 eallum,\n144; Grendel wan ... wi\u00f0 Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, 151; holm ... won wi\u00f0 winde (_the sea\nfought with the wind_: cf. wan wind endi water, Heliand, 2244), 1133; II.\neart \u00feu se Be\u00f3wulf, se \u00fee wi\u00f0 Brecan wunne, 506; pl. wi\u00f0 gode wunnon, 113;\n\u00fe\u00e6r \u00fe\u00e2 graman wunnon (_where the foes fought_), 778.\n\nw\u00een-reced, st. n., _wine-hall, guest-hall, house for entertaining guests_:\nacc. sg., 715, 994.\n\nw\u00een-sele, st. m., the same, _wine-hall_: nom. sg., 772; dat. sg. w\u00een-sele,\n696 (cf. Heliand Glossary, 369 [364]).\n\nwinter, st. m. n.: 1) _winter_: nom. sg., 1133, 1137; acc. sg. winter,\n1129; gen. sg. wintres, 516.--2) _year_ (counted by winters): acc. pl.\nf\u00eeftig wintru (neut.), 2210; instr. pl. wintrum, 1725, 2115, 2278; gen. pl.\nwintra, 147, 264, 1928, 2279, 2734, 3051.\n\nwintre, adj., _so many winters_ (old): in comp. syfan-wintre.\n\nge-wisl\u00eece, adv., _certainly, undoubtedly_: superl. gewisl\u00eecost, 1351.\n\nwist, st. f., fundamental meaning = _existentia_, hence: 1) _good\ncondition, happiness, abundance_: dat. sg. wuna\u00f0 he on wiste, 1736.--2)\n_food, subsistence, booty_: dat. sg. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e4s \u00e4fter wiste w\u00f4p up \u00e2-hafen (_a\ncry was then uplifted after the meal_, i.e. Grendel's meal of thirty men),\n128.\n\nwist-fyllo, st. f., _fulness_ or _fill of food, rich meal_: gen. sg.\nwist-fylle, 735.\n\nwit, st. n., (wit), _understanding_: nom. sg., 590.--Comp.: fyr-, in-wit.\n\nge-wit, st. n.: 1) _consciousness_. dat. sg. ge-we\u00f3ld his ge-witte,\n2704.--2) _heart, breast_: dat. sg. f\u00fdr unsw\u00ee\u00f0or we\u00f3ll (_the fire surged\nless strongly from the dragon's breast_), 2883.\n\nwit, pers. pron. dual of we, _we two_, 535, 537, 539, 540, 544, 1187, etc.\nSee unc, uncer.\n\nwita, weota, w. m., _counsellor, royal adviser_; pl., _the king's council\nof nobles_: nom. pl. witan, 779: gen. pl. witena, 157, 266, 937 weotena,\n1099.--Comp.: fyrn-, r\u00fbn-wita.\n\nwitan, pret.-pres. v., _to wot, know_. 1) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I.,\nIII. w\u00e2t, 1332, 2657; ic on Higel\u00e2ce w\u00e2t \u00fe\u00e4t he ... (_I know as to H., that\nhe_ ...), 1831; so, god w\u00e2t on mec \u00fe\u00e4t ...(_God knows of me, that_ ...),\n2651; sg. II. \u00feu w\u00e2st, 272; weak pret. sg. I., III. wiste, 822; wisse,\n2340, 2726; pl. wiston, 799, 1605; subj. pres. I. gif ic wiste, 2520.--2)\nw. acc. and inf.: pres. sg. I. ic w\u00e2t, 1864.--3) w. object, predicative\npart, or adj.: pret. sg. III. t\u00f4 \u00fe\u00e4s he win-reced ... gearwost wisse,\nf\u00e4ttum f\u00e2hne, 716; so, 1310; wiste \u00fe\u00e4m ahl\u00e6can hilde ge-binged, 647.--4) w.\nacc., _to know_: inf. witan, 252, 288; pret. sg. wisse, 169; wiste his\nfingra ge-weald on grames gr\u00e2pum, 765; pl. II. wisson, 246; wiston, 181.\n\nn\u00e2t = ne + w\u00e2t, _I know not_: 1) elliptically with hwylc, indef. pronoun =\n_some or other_: scea\u00f0a ic n\u00e2t hwylc.--2) w. gen. and depend. clause: n\u00e2t\nhe \u00fe\u00e2ra g\u00f4da, \u00fe\u00e4t he me on-ge\u00e1n sle\u00e1, 682.\n\nge-witan, _to know, perceive_: inf. \u00fe\u00e4s \u00fee hie gewis-l\u00eecost ge-witan\nmeahton, 1351.\n\nbe-witian. See be-weotian.\n\nwitig, adj., _wise, sagacious_: nom. sg. witig god, 686, 1057; witig\ndrihten (God), 1555; wittig drihten, 1842.\n\nge-wittig, adj., _conscious_: nom. sg. 3095.\n\nge-witnian, w. v., _to chastise, punish_: wommum gewitnad (_punished with\nplagues_), 3074.\n\nw\u00eec, st. n., _dwelling, house_: acc. sg. w\u00eec, 822, 2590;--often in pl.\nbecause houses of nobles were complex: dat. w\u00eecum, 1305, 1613, 3084; gen.\nw\u00eeca, 125, 1126.\n\nge-w\u00eecan, st. v., _to soften, give way, yield_ (here chiefly of swords):\npret. sg. ge-w\u00e2c, 2578, 2630.\n\nw\u00eec-stede, st. m., _dwelling-place_: nom. sg. 2463; acc. sg. w\u00eec-stede,\n2608.\n\nw\u00eed, adj., _wide, extended_: 1) space: acc. sg. neut. ofer w\u00eed w\u00e4ter, 2474;\ngen. sg. w\u00eedan r\u00eeces, 1860; acc. pl. w\u00eede s\u00ee\u00f0as, waro\u00f0as, 878, 1966.--2)\ntemporal: acc. sg. w\u00eedan feorh (acc. of time), 2015; dat. sg. t\u00f4 w\u00eedan\nfeore, 934.\n\nw\u00eede, adv., _widely, afar_, 18, 74, 79, 266, 1404, 1589, 1960, etc.; w\u00eede\nc\u00fb\u00f0 (_widely, universally, known_), 2136, 2924; so, underne w\u00eede, 2914;\nw\u00eede geond eor\u00f0an (_over the whole earth, widely_), 3100;--modifier of\nsuperl.: wreccena w\u00eede m\u00e6rost (_the most famous of wanderers, exiles_),\n899.--Compar. w\u00eedre, 764.\n\nw\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0, adj., _widely known, very celebrated_: nom. sg. neut., 1257; acc.\nsg. m. w\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0ne man (Be\u00f3wulf), 1490; w\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0ne we\u00e1n, 1992; w\u00eed-c\u00fb\u00f0es\n(Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r), 1043.\n\nw\u00eede-ferh\u00f0, st. m. n., (_long life_), _great length of time_: acc. sg. as\nacc. of time: w\u00eede-ferh\u00f0 (_down to distant times, always_), 703, 938; ealne\nw\u00eede-ferh\u00f0, 1223.\n\nw\u00eed-floga, w. m., _wide-flier_ (of the dragon): nom. sg., 2831; acc. sg.\nw\u00eed-flogan, 2347.\n\nw\u00eed-scofen, pret. part., _wide-spread_? _causing fear far and wide_? 937.\n\nw\u00eed-weg, st. m., _wide way, long journey_: acc. pl. w\u00eed-wegas, 841, 1705.\n\nw\u00eef, st. n., _woman, lady, wife_: nom. sg. fre\u00f3-l\u00eec w\u00eef (Queen Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w),\n616; w\u00eef un-h\u00fdre (Grendel's mother), 2121; acc. sg. drihtl\u00eece w\u00eef (Finn's\nwife), 1159; instr. sg. mid \u00fe\u00fd w\u00eefe (Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r's daughter, Fre\u00e1waru), 2029;\ndat. sg. \u00feam w\u00eefe (Wealh\u00fee\u00f3w), 640; gen. sg. w\u00eefes (as opposed to _man_),\n1285; gen. pl. wera and w\u00eefa, 994.--Comp.: agl\u00e6c-, mere-w\u00eef.\n\nw\u00eef-lufe, w. f., _wife-love, love for a wife, woman's love_: nom. pl.\nw\u00eef-lufan, 2066.\n\nw\u00eeg, st. m.: 1) _war, battle_: nom. sg., 23, 1081, 2317, 2873; acc. sg.,\n686, 1084, 1248; dat. sg. w\u00eege, 1338, 2630; as instr., 1085; (wigge, MS.),\n1657, 1771; gen. sg. w\u00eeges, 65, 887, 1269.--2) _valor, warlike prowess_:\nnom. sg. w\u00e4s his m\u00f4d-sefa manegum ge-c\u00fd\u00f0ed, w\u00eeg and w\u00eesd\u00f4m, 350; w\u00eeg, 1043;\nw\u00eeg ... eafo\u00f0 and ellen, 2349; gen. sg. w\u00eeges, 2324.--Comp. f\u00ea\u00f0e-w\u00eeg.\n\nw\u00eega, w. m., _warrior, fighter_: nom. sg., 630; dat. pl. w\u00eegum, 2396; gen.\npl. w\u00eegena, 1544, 1560, 3116.--Comp.: \u00e4sc-, byrn-, g\u00e2r-, g\u00fb\u00f0-, lind-,\nrand-, scyld-w\u00eega.\n\nw\u00eegan, st. v., _to fight_: pres. sg. III. w\u00eege\u00f0, 600; inf., 2510.\n\nw\u00eegend, pres. part., _fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 3100; nom. pl. w\u00eegend,\n1126, 1815, 3145; acc. pl. w\u00eegend, 3025; gen. pl. w\u00eegendra, 429, 900, 1973,\n2338.--Comp. g\u00e2rw\u00eegend.\n\nw\u00eeg-bealu, st. n., _war-bale, evil contest_: acc. sg., 2047.\n\nw\u00eeg-bil, st. n., _war-bill, battle-sword_: nom. sg., 1608.\n\nw\u00eeg-bord, st. n., _war-board_ or _shield_: acc. sg., 2340.\n\nw\u00eeg-cr\u00e4ft, st. m., _war-power_: acc. sg., 2954.\n\nw\u00eeg-cr\u00e4ftig, adj., _vigorous in fight, strong in war_: acc. sg.\nw\u00eeg-cr\u00e4ftigne (of the sword Hrunting), 1812.\n\nw\u00eeg-freca, w. m., _war-wolf, war-hero_: acc. sg. w\u00eeg-frecan, 2497; nom. pl.\nw\u00eeg-frecan, 1213.\n\nw\u00eeg-fruma, w. m., _war-chief_ or _king_: nom. sg., 665; acc. sg.\nw\u00eeg-fruman, 2262.\n\nw\u00eeg-geatwe, st. f. pl., _war-ornaments, war-gear_: dat. pl. on w\u00eeg-geatwum\n(-getawum, MS.), 368.\n\nw\u00eeg-ge-weor\u00f0ad, pret. part., _war-honored, distinguished in war_, 1784? See\nNote.\n\nw\u00eeg-gryre, st. m., _war-horror_ or _terror_: nom. sg., 1285.\n\nw\u00eeg-hete, st. m., _war-hate, hostility_: nom. sg., 2121.\n\nw\u00eeg-heafola, w. m., _war head-piece, helmet_: acc. sg. w\u00eeg-heafolan,\n2662.--Leo.\n\nw\u00eeg-he\u00e1p, st. m., _war-band_: nom sg., 447.\n\nw\u00eeg-hryre, st. m., _war-ruin, slaughter, carnage_: acc. sg., 1620.\n\nw\u00eeg-sigor, st. m., _war-victory_: acc. sg., 1555.\n\nw\u00eeg-sped, st. f.?, _war-speed, success in war_: gen. pl. w\u00eeg-sp\u00eada, 698.\n\nw\u00een, st. n., _wine_: acc. sg., 1163, 1234; instr. w\u00eene, 1468.\n\nw\u00eer, st. n., _wire, spiral ornament of wire_: instr. pl. w\u00eerum, 1032; gen.\npl. w\u00eera, 2414.\n\nw\u00ees, adj., _wise, experienced, discreet_: nom. sg. m. w\u00ees (_in his mind,\nconscious_), 3095; f. w\u00ees, 1928; in w. form, se w\u00eesa, 1401, 1699, 2330;\nacc. sg. \u00feone w\u00eesan, 1319; gen. pl. w\u00eesra, 1414; w. gen. nom. sg. w\u00ees\nwordcwida (_wise of speech_), 1846.\n\nw\u00eesa, w. m., _guide, leader_: nom. sg. werodes w\u00eesa, 259.--Comp.: brim-,\nhere-, hilde-w\u00eesa.\n\nw\u00eescte. See w\u00fdscan.\n\nw\u00ees-d\u00f4m, st. m., _wisdom, experience_: nom. sg., 350; instr. sg. w\u00ees-d\u00f4me,\n1960.\n\nw\u00eese, w. f., _fashion, wise, custom_: acc. sg. (instr.) ealde w\u00eesan (_after\nancient custom_), 1866.\n\nw\u00ees-f\u00e4st, adj., _wise, sagacious_ (sapienti\u00e2 firmus): nom. sg. f., 627.\n\nw\u00ees-hycgende, pres. part. _wise-thinking, wise_, 2717.\n\nw\u00eesian, w. v., _to guide_ or _lead to, direct, point out_: 1) w. acc.: inf.\nhe\u00e1n wong w\u00eesian, 2410; pret. sg. secg w\u00eesade land-gemyrcu, 208.--2) w.\ndat.: pres. sg. I. ic e\u00f3w w\u00eesige (_I shall guide you_), 292, 3104; pret.\nsg. se \u00fe\u00e6m hea\u00f0o-rincum hider w\u00eesade, 370; s\u00f4na him sele-\u00feegn ... for\u00f0\nw\u00eesade _(the hall-thane led him thither forthwith_, i.e. to his couch),\n1796; st\u00eeg w\u00eesode gumum \u00e4t-g\u00e4dere, 320; so, 1664.--3) w. prep.?: pret. sg.\n\u00fe\u00e2 secg w\u00eesode under Heorotes hr\u00f4f (_when the warrior showed them the way\nunder Heorot's roof_, [but under H.'s hr\u00f4f depends rather on snyredon\n\u00e4tsomne]), 402.\n\nw\u00eetan, st. v., properly _to look at; to look at with censure, to blame,\nreproach, accuse_, w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing: inf. for-\u00feam me\nw\u00eetan ne \u00feearf waldend fira mor\u00f0or-bealo m\u00e2ga, 2742.\n\n\u00e4t-w\u00eetan, _to blame, censure_ (cf. 'twit), w. acc. of thing: pret. pl.\n\u00e4t-witon we\u00e1na d\u00e6l, 1151.\n\nge-w\u00eetan, properly _spectare aliquo; to go_ (most general verb of motion):\n1) with inf. after verbs of motion: pret. sg. \u00feanon eft ge-w\u00e2t ... t\u00f4 h\u00e2m\nfaran, 123; so, 2570; pl. \u00feanon eft gewiton ... mearum r\u00eedan, 854.\nSometimes with reflex, dat.: pres. sg. him \u00fe\u00e2 Scyld ge-w\u00e2t ... f\u00earan on\nfre\u00e1n w\u00e6re, 26; gew\u00e2t him ... r\u00eedan, 234; so, 1964; pl. ge-witon, 301.--2)\nassociated with general infinitives of motion and aim: imper. pl. ge-w\u00eeta\u00f0\nfor\u00f0 beran w\u00e6pen and gew\u00e6du, 291; pret. sg. ge-w\u00e2t \u00fe\u00e2 ne\u00f3sian he\u00e1n h\u00fbses,\n115; he \u00fe\u00e2 f\u00e2g ge-w\u00e2t ... man-dre\u00e1m fle\u00f3n, 1264; ny\u00f0er eft gew\u00e2t dennes\nni\u00f3sian, 3045; so, 1275, 2402, 2820. So, with reflex, dat.: him eft gew\u00e2t\n... h\u00e2mes ni\u00f3san, 2388; so, 2950; pl. ge-witon, 1126.--3) without inf. and\nwith prep, or adv.: pres. sg. III. \u00fe\u00e6r firgen-stre\u00e1m under n\u00e4ssa genipu\nni\u00f0er ge-w\u00eete\u00f0, 1361; ge-w\u00eete\u00f0 on sealman, 2461; inf. on fl\u00f4des \u00e6ht feor\nge-w\u00eetan, 42; pret. sg. ge-w\u00e2t, 217; him ge-w\u00e2t, 1237, 1904; of l\u00eefe,\nealdre ge-w\u00e2t (_died_), 2472, 2625; fyrst for\u00f0 ge-w\u00e2t (_time went on_),\n210; him ge-w\u00e2t \u00fbt of healle, 663; ge-w\u00e2t him h\u00e2m, 1602; pret. part. dat.\nsg. me for\u00f0-ge-witenum (_me defuncto, I dead_), 1480.\n\n\u00f4\u00f0-w\u00eetan, _to blame, censure, reproach_: inf. ne \u00feorfte him \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00e1n\n\u00f4\u00f0-w\u00eetan mon on middan-gearde, 2997.\n\nwlanc, wlonc, adj., _proud, exulting_: nom. sg. wlanc, 341; w. instr. \u00e6se\nwlanc (_proud of, exulting in, her prey, meal_), 1333; wlonc, 331; w. gen.\nm\u00e2\u00f0m-\u00e6hta wlonc (_proud of the treasures_), 2834; gen. sg. wlonces,\n2954.--Comp. gold-wlanc.\n\nwl\u00e2tian, w. v., _to look_ or _gaze out, forth_: pret. sg. se \u00fee \u00e6r ... feor\nwl\u00e2tode, 1917.\n\nwlenco, st. f., _pride, heroism_: dat. sg. wlenco, 338, 1207; wlence, 508.\n\nwlite, st. m. _form, noble form, look, beauty_: nom. sg., 250.\n\nwlite-beorht, adj., _beauteous, brilliant in aspect_: acc. sg.\nwlite-beorhtne wang, 93.\n\nwlite-se\u00f3n, st. n. f., _sight, spectacle_: acc. sg., 1651.\n\nwlitig, adj., _beautiful, glorious, fair in form_: acc. sg. wlitig\n(sweord), 1663.\n\nwl\u00eetan, st. v., _to see, look, gaze_: pret. sg. he \u00e4fter recede wl\u00e2t\n(_looked along the hall_), 1573; pret. pl. on holm wliton (_looked on the\nsea_), 1593; wlitan on W\u00eegl\u00e2f, 2853.\n\ngeond-wl\u00eetan, w. acc., _to examine, look through, scan_: inf. wr\u00e4te\ngiond-wl\u00eetan, 2772.\n\nwoh-bogen, pret. part., (_bent crooked), crooked, twisted_: nom. sg. wyrm\nwoh-bogen, 2828.\n\nwolcen, st. n. m., _cloud_ (cf. welkin): dat. pl. under wolcnum (_under the\nclouds, on earth_), 8, 652, 715, 1771; t\u00f4 wolcnum, 1120, 1375.\n\nwollen-te\u00e1r, adj., _tear-flowing, with flowing tears_: nom. pl.\nwollen-te\u00e1re, 3033.\n\nwom. See wam.\n\nwon. See wan.\n\nworc. See weorc.\n\nword, st. n.: 1) _word, speech_: nom. sg., 2818; acc. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t word, 655,\n2047; word, 315, 341, 390, 871, 2552; instr. sg. worde, 2157; gen. sg.\nwordes, 2792; nom. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 word, 640; word, 613; acc. pl. word (of an\nalliterative song), 871; instr. pl, wordum, 176, 366, 627, 875, 1101, 1173,\n1194, 1319, 1812, etc.; ge-saga him wordum (_tell them in words,\nexpressly_), 388. The instr. wordum accompanies biddan, \u00feancian, be-w\u00e4gnan,\nsecgan, h\u00eargan, to emphasize the verb, 176, 627, 1194, 2796, 3177; gen. pl.\nworda, 289, 398, 2247, 2263(?), 3031.--2) _command, order_: gen. sg. his\nwordes geweald habban (_to rule, reign_), 79; so, instr. pl. wordum we\u00f3ld,\n30.--Comp.: be\u00f3t-, gylp-, me\u00f0el-, \u00fery\u00f0-word.\n\nword-cwide, st. m., (_word-utterance_), _speech_: acc. pl. word-cwydas,\n1842; dat. pl. word-cwydum, 2754; gen. pl. word-cwida, 1846.\n\nword-gid, st. m, _speech, saying_: acc. sg. word-gyd, 3174.\n\nword-hord, st. n., _word-hoard, treasury of speech, mouth_: acc. sg.\nword-hord on-le\u00e1c (_unlocked his word-hoard_, opened his mouth, spoke),\n259.\n\nword-riht, st. n., _right speech, suitable word_: gen. pl. W\u00eegl\u00e2f ma\u00f0elode\nword-rihta fela, 2632.\n\nwor\u00f0-mynd. See weor\u00f0-mynd.\n\nwor\u00f0ig (for weor\u00f0ig), st. m., _palace, estate, court_: acc. sg. on wor\u00f0ig\n(_into the palace_), 1973.\n\nworn, st. n., _multitude, number_: acc. sg. worn eall (_very many_), 3095;\nwintra worn (_many years_), 264; \u00feonne he wintrum fr\u00f4d worn ge-munde (_when\nhe old in years thought of their number_), 2115. Used with fela to\nstrengthen the meaning: nom. acc. sg. worn fela, 1784; hw\u00e4t \u00feu worn fela\n... spr\u00e6ce (_how very much thou hast spoken!_), 530; so, eal-fela\neald-gesegena worn, 871; gen. pl. worna fela, 2004, 2543.\n\nworuld, worold, st. f., _humanity, world, earth_: nom. sg. eal worold,\n1739; acc. sg. in worold (wacan) (_to be born, come into the world_), 60;\nworold ofl\u00e6tan, of-gifan (_die_), 1184, 1682; gen. sg. worolde, 951, 1081,\n1388, 1733; worulde, 2344; his worulde ge-d\u00e2l (_his separation from the\nworld, death_), 3069; worolde br\u00fbcan (_to enjoy life, live_), 1063; worlde,\n2712.\n\nworold-\u00e2r, st. f., _worldly honor_ or _dignity_: acc. sg. worold-\u00e2re, 17.\n\nworuld-candel, st. f., _world-candle, sun_: nom. sg., 1966.\n\nworold-cyning, st. m., _world king, mighty king_: nom. sg., 3182; gen. pl.\nworold-cyninga, 1685.\n\nworuld-ende, st. m., _world's end_: acc. sg., 3084.\n\nworold-r\u00e6den, st. f., _usual course, fate of the world, customary fate_:\ndat. sg. worold-r\u00e6denne, 1143?\n\nw\u00f4p, st. m., (_whoop_), _cry of grief, lament_: nom. sg., 128; acc. sg.\nw\u00f4p, 786; instr. sg. w\u00f4pe, 3147.\n\nwracu, st. f., _persecution, vengeance, revenge_: nom. sg. wracu (MS,\nuncertain), 2614; acc. sg. wr\u00e4ce, 2337.--Comp.: gyrn-, n\u00fdd-wracu.\n\nwra\u00f0u, st. f., _protection, safety_: in comp. l\u00eef-wra\u00f0u.\n\nwr\u00e2\u00f0, adj., _wroth, furious, hostile_: acc. sg. neut. wr\u00e2\u00f0, 319; dat. sg.\nwr\u00e2\u00f0um, 661, 709; gen. pl. wr\u00e2\u00f0ra, 1620.\n\nwr\u00e2\u00f0e, adv., _contemptibly, disgracefully_, 2873.\n\nwr\u00e2\u00f0-l\u00eece, adv., _wrathfully, hostilely_ (in battle), 3063.\n\nwr\u00e2sn, st. f., _circlet of gold for the head, diadem, crown_: in comp.\nfre\u00e1-wr\u00e2sn.\n\nwr\u00e4c-l\u00e2st, st. m., _exile-step, exile, banishment_: acc. sg. wr\u00e4c-l\u00e2stas\ntr\u00e4d (_trod exile-steps, wandered in exile_), 1353.\n\nwr\u00e4c-m\u00e4cg, st. m., _exile, outcast_: nom. pl. wr\u00e4c-m\u00e4cgas, 2380.\n\nwr\u00e4c-s\u00ee\u00f0, st. m., _exile-journey, banishment, exile, persecution_: acc.\nsg., 2293; dat. sg. -s\u00ee\u00f0um, 338.\n\nwr\u00e4t, st. f., _ornament, jewel_: acc. pl. wr\u00e4te (wr\u00e6ce, MS.), 2772, 3061;\ninstr. pl. wr\u00e4ttum, 1532; gen. pl. wr\u00e4tta, 2414.\n\nwr\u00e4t-l\u00eec, adj.: 1) _artistic, ornamental; valuable_: acc. sg. wr\u00e4t-l\u00eecne\nwundur-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um, 2174; wr\u00e4t-l\u00eec w\u00e6g-sweord, 1490; w\u00eeg-bord wr\u00e4t-l\u00eec,\n2340.--2) _wondrous, strange_: acc. sg. wr\u00e4t-l\u00eecne wyrm [from its rings or\nspots?], 892; wlite-se\u00f3n wr\u00e4t-l\u00eec, 1651.\n\nwr\u00e6c, st. f., _persecution_; hence, _wretchedness, misery_: nom. sg., 170;\nacc. sg. wr\u00e6c, 3079.\n\nwrecan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to press, force_: pret. part. \u00fe\u00e6r w\u00e4s Ongen\u00fee\u00f3\n... on b\u00eed wrecen, 2963.--2) _to drive out, expel_: pret. sg. ferh ellen\nwr\u00e4c, 2707.--3) _to wreak_ or _utter_: gid, spel wrecan (_to utter words or\nsongs_); subj. pres. sg. III. he gyd wrece, 2447; inf. wrecan spel ge-r\u00e2de,\n874; word-gyd wrecan, 3174; pret. sg. gyd \u00e4fter wr\u00e4c, 2155; pres. part. \u00fe\u00e6r\nw\u00e4s ... gid wrecen, 1066.--4) _to avenge, punish_: subj. pres. \u00fe\u00e4t he his\nfre\u00f3nd wrece, 1386; inf. wolde hire m\u00e6g wrecan, 1340; so, 1279, 1547; pres.\npart. wrecend (_an avenger_), 1257; pret. sg. wr\u00e4c Wedera n\u00ee\u00f0, 423; so,\n1334, 1670.\n\n\u00e2-wrecan, _to tell, recount_: pret. sg. ic \u00feis gid be \u00fee \u00e2-wr\u00e4c (_I have\ntold this tale for thee_), 1725; so, 2109.\n\nfor-wrecan, w. acc., _to drive away, expel; carry away_: inf. \u00fe\u00fd l\u00e4s him\n\u00fd\u00f0a \u00ferym wudu wyn-suman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the waves\nmight carry away the winsome ship_), 1920; pret. sg. he hine feor for-wr\u00e4c\n... man-cynne fram, 109.\n\nge-wrecan, w. acc., _to avenge, wreak vengeance upon, punish_: pret. sg.\nge-wr\u00e4c, 107, 2006; he ge-wr\u00e4c (i.e. hit, _this_) cealdum cear-s\u00ee\u00f0um, 2396;\nhe hine sylfne ge-wr\u00e4c (_avenged himself_), 2876; pl. ge-wr\u00e6can, 2480;\npret. part. ge-wrecen, 3063.\n\nwrecca, w. m., (_wretch_), _exile, adventurer, wandering soldier, hero_:\nnom. sg. wrecca (Hengest), 1138; gen. pl. wreccena w\u00eede m\u00e6rost (Sigemund),\n899.\n\nwreo\u00f0en-hilt, adj., _wreathen-hilted, with twisted hilt_: nom. sg., 1699.\n\nwridian, w. v., _to flourish, spring up_: pret. sg. III. wrida\u00f0, 1742.\n\nwri\u00f0a, w. m., _band_: in comp. be\u00e1g-wri\u00f0a (_bracelet_), 2019.\n\nwrixl, st. n., _exchange, change_: instr. sg. wyrsan wrixle (_in a worse\nway, with a worse exchange_), 2970.\n\nge-wrixle, st. n., _exchange, arrangement, bargain_: nom. sg. ne w\u00e4s \u00fe\u00e4t\nge-wrixle til (_it was not a good arrangement, trade_), 1305.\n\nwrixlan, w. v., _to exchange_: inf. wordum wrixlan (_to exchange words,\nconverse_), 366; 875 (_tell_).\n\nwr\u00ee\u00f0an, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to bind, fasten, wreathe together_: inf. ic\nhine (him, MS.) ... on w\u00e4l-bedde wr\u00ee\u00f0an \u00fe\u00f4hte, 965.--2) _to bind up_ (a\nwounded person, a wound): pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00e6ron monige \u00fee his m\u00e6g wri\u00f0on,\n2983. See hand-gewri\u00f0en.\n\nwr\u00eetan, st. v., _to incise, engrave_: pret. part. on \u00fe\u00e4m (hilte) w\u00e4s \u00f4r\nwriten fyrn-gewinnes (_on which was engraved the origin of an ancient\nstruggle_), 1689.\n\nfor-wr\u00eetan, _to cut to pieces_ or _in two_: pret. sg. for-wr\u00e2t Wedra helm\nwyrm on middan, 2706.\n\nwr\u00f4ht, st. m. f., _blame, accusation, crime_; here _strife, contest,\nhostility_: nom. sg., 2288, 2474, 2914.\n\nwudu, st. m., _wood_: 1) _material, timber_: nom. pl. wudu, 1365; hence,\n_the wooden spear_: acc. pl. wudu, 398.--2) _forest, wood_: acc. sg. wudu,\n1417.--3) _wooden ship_: nom. sg. 298; acc. sg. wudu, 216, 1920.--Comp.:\nb\u00e6l-, bord-, gamen-, heal-, holt-, m\u00e4gen-, s\u00e6-, sund-, \u00ferec-wudu.\n\nwudu-r\u00eac, st. m., _wood-reek_ or _smoke_: nom. sg., 3145.\n\nwuldor, st. n., _glory_: nom. sg. kyninga wuldor (_God_), 666; gen. sg.\nwuldres wealdend, 17, 183, 1753; wuldres hyrde, 932, (designations of God).\n\nwuldor-cyning, st. m., _king of glory, God_. dat. sg. wuldur-cyninge, 2796\n\nwuldor-torht, adj., _glory-bright, brilliant, clear_: acc. pl.\nwuldor-torhtan weder, 1137.\n\nwulf, st. m., _wolf_: acc. sg., 3028.\n\nwulf-hli\u00f0, st. n., _wolf-slope, wolf's retreat, slope whereunder wolves\nhouse_: acc. pl. wulf-hleo\u00f0u, 1359.\n\nwund, st. f., _wound_: nom. sg., 2712, 2977; acc. sg. wunde, 2532, 2907;\nacc. sg. wunde, 2726; instr. pl. wundum, 1114, 2831, 2938.--Comp.\nfeorh-wund.\n\nwund, adj., _wounded, sore_: nom. sg., 2747; dat. sg. wundum, 2754; nom.\npl. wunde, 565, 1076.\n\nwunden-feax, adj., _curly-haired_ (of a horse's mane): nom. sg., 1401.\n\nwunden-heals, adj., _with twisted_ or _curved neck_ or _prow_: nom. sg.\nwudu wunden-hals (_the ship_), 298.\n\nwunden-heorde?, _curly-haired_?: nom. sg. f., 3153.\n\nwunden-m\u00e6l, adj., _damascened, etched, with wavy ornaments_(?): nom. sg.\nneut., 1532 (of a sword).\n\nwunden-stefna, w. m. _curved prow, ship_: nom. sg., 220.\n\nwundor, st. n.: 1) _wonder, wonderwork_: nom. sg., 772, 1725; wundur, 3063;\nacc. sg. wundor, 841; wunder, 932; wundur, 2760, 3033, 3104; dat. sg.\nwundre, 932; instr. pl. wundrum (_wondrously_), 1453, 2688; gen. pl.\nwundra, 1608.--2) _portent, monster_: gen. pl. wundra, 1510.--Comp.: hand-,\nn\u00ee\u00f0-, searo-wundor.\n\nwundor-bebod, st. n., _wondrous command, strange order_: instr. pl.\n-bebodum, 1748.\n\nwundor-de\u00e1\u00f0, st. m., _wonder-death, strange death_: instr. sg. wundor\nde\u00e1\u00f0e, 3038.\n\nwundor-f\u00e4t, st. n., _wonder-vat, strange vessel_: dat. pl. of wundor-fatum\n(_from wondrous vessels_), 1163.\n\nwundor-l\u00eec, adj., _wonder like, remarkable_: nom. sg., 1441.\n\nwundor-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um, st. m., _wonder-jewel, wonderful treasure_: acc. sg., 2174.\n\nwundor-smi\u00f0, st. m., _wonder-smith, skilled smith, worker of marvellous\nthings_: gen. pl. wundor-smi\u00f0a geweorc (the ancient giant's sword), 1682.\n\nwundor-se\u00f3n, st. f., _wondrous sight_: gen. pl. wunder-si\u00f3na, 996.\n\nwunian, w. v.: 1) _to stand, exist, remain_: pres. sg. III. \u00feenden \u00fe\u00e6r\nwuna\u00f0 on he\u00e1h-stede h\u00fbsa s\u00ealest (_as long as the best of houses stands\nthere on the high place_), 284; wuna\u00f0 he on wiste (_lives in plenty_),\n1736; inf. on sele wunian (_to remain in the hall_), 3129; pret. sg. wunode\nmid Finne (_remained with F._), 1129.--2) w. acc. or dat., _to dwell in, to\ninhabit, to possess_: pres. sg. III. wuna\u00f0 w\u00e4l-reste (_holds his\ndeath-bed_), 2903; inf. w\u00e4ter-egesan wunian scolde..., stre\u00e1mas, 1261;\nw\u00eecum wunian, 3084; w. prep.: pres. sg. Higel\u00e2c \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e4t h\u00e2m wuna\u00f0, 1924.\n\nge-wunian, w. acc.: 1) _to inhabit_: inf. ge-[wunian], 2276.--2) _to remain\nwith, stand by_: subj. pres. \u00fe\u00e4t hine on ylde eft ge-wunigen wil-ge-s\u00ee\u00f0as,\n22.\n\nwur\u00f0an. See weor\u00f0an.\n\nwuton, v. from w\u00eetan, used as interj., _let us go! up!_ w. inf.: wutun\ngangan t\u00f4 (_let us go to him!_), 2649; uton hra\u00f0e f\u00earan! 1391; uton nu\n\u00eafstan, 3102.\n\nwylf, st. f., _she-wolf_: in comp. brim-wylf.\n\nwylm, st. m., _surge, surf, billow_: num. sg. fl\u00f4des wylm, 1765; dat.\nwintres wylme (_with winter's flood_), 516; acc. sg. \u00feurh w\u00e4teres wylm,\n1694; acc. pl. heortan wylmas, 2508.--Comp.: bre\u00f3st-, brim-, byrne-, cear-,\nf\u00fdr-, hea\u00f0o-, holm-, s\u00e6-, sorh-wylm. See w\u00e4lm.\n\nwyn, st. f., _pleasantness, pleasure, joy, enjoyment_: acc. sg. m\u00e6ste ...\nworolde wynne (_the highest earthly joy_), 1081; eor\u00f0an wynne (_earth-joy,\nthe delightful earth_), 1731; heofenes wynne (_heaven's joy_, the rising\nsun), 1802; hearpan wynne (_harp-joy, the pleasant harp_), 2108; \u00fe\u00e4t he ...\nge-drogen h\u00e4fde eor\u00f0an wynne (_that he had had his earthly joy_), 2728;\ndat. sg. weorod w\u00e4s on wynne, 2015; instr. pl. m\u00e4genes wynnum (_in joy of\nstrength_), 1717; so, 1888.--Comp.: \u00ea\u00f0el-, hord-, l\u00eef-, lyft-, symbel-wyn.\n\nwyn-le\u00e1s, adj., _joyless_: acc. sg. wyn-le\u00e1sne wudu, 1417; wyn-le\u00e1s w\u00eec,\n822.\n\nwyn-sum, adj., _winsome, pleasant_: acc. sg. wudu wyn-suman (_the ship_),\n1920; nom. pl. word w\u00e6ron wyn-sume, 613.\n\nwyrcan, v. irreg.: 1) _to do, effect_, w. acc.: inf. (wundor) wyrcan,\n931.--2) _to make, create_, w. acc.: pret. sg. \u00fe\u00e4t se \u00e4l-mihtiga eor\u00f0an\nworh[te], 92; sw\u00e2 hine _(the helmet_) worhte w\u00e6pna smi\u00f0, 1453.--3) _to\ngain, win, acquire_, w. gen.: subj. pres. wyrce, se \u00fee m\u00f4te, d\u00f4mes \u00e6r\nde\u00e1\u00f0e, 1388.\n\nbe-wyrcan, _to gird, surround_: pret. pl. bronda betost wealle be-worhton,\n3163.\n\nge-wyrcan: 1) intrans., _to act, behave_: inf. sw\u00e2 sceal geong guma g\u00f4de\ngewyrcean ... on f\u00e4der wine \u00fe\u00e4t ... (_a young man shall so act with\nbenefits towards his father's friends that_ ...), 20.--2) w. acc., _to do,\nmake, effect, perform_: inf. ne meahte ic \u00e4t hilde mid Hruntinge wiht\nge-wyrcan, 1661; sweorde ne meahte on \u00feam agl\u00e6can ... wunde ge-wyrcean,\n2907; pret. sg. ge-worhte, 636, 1579, 2713; pret. part. acc. ic \u00fe\u00e2 le\u00f3de\nw\u00e2t ... f\u00e4ste ge-worhte. 1865.--3) _to make, construct_: inf. (medo-\u00e4rn)\nge-wyrcean, 69; (w\u00eeg-bord) ge-wyrcean, 2338; (hl\u00e6w) ge-wyrcean, 2803; pret.\npl. II. ge-worhton, 3097; III. ge-worhton, 3158; pret. part. ge-worht,\n1697.--4) _to win, acquire_: pres. sg. ic me mid Hruntinge d\u00f4m ge-wyrce,\n1492.\n\nWyrd, st. f., _Weird_ (one of the Norns, guide of human destiny; mostly\nweakened down = _fate, providence_): nom. sg., 455, 477, 572, 735, 1206,\n2421, 2527, 2575, 2815; acc. sg. wyrd, 1057, 1234; gen. pl. wyrda, 3031.\n(Cf. Weird Sisters of Macbeth.)\n\nwyrdan, w. v., _to ruin, kill, destroy_: pret. sg. he t\u00f4 lange le\u00f3de mine\nwanode and wyrde, 1338.\n\n\u00e2-wyrdan, w. v., _to destroy, kill_: pret. part.: \u00e4\u00f0eling monig wundum\n\u00e2-wyrded, 1114.\n\nwyr\u00f0e, adj., _noble; worthy, honored, valued_: acc. sg. m. wyr\u00f0ne (ge-d\u00f4n)\n(_to esteem worthy_), 2186; nom. pl. wyr\u00f0e, 368; compar. nom. sg. r\u00eeces\nwyr\u00f0ra (_worthier of rule_), 862.--Comp. fyrd-wyr\u00f0e. See weor\u00f0.\n\nwyrgen, st, f., _throttler_ [cf. sphinx], _she-wolf_; in comp.\ngrund-wyrgen.\n\nge-wyrht, st. n., _work; desert_; in comp. eald-gewyrht, 2658.\n\nwyrm, st. m., _worm, dragon, drake_: nom. sg., 898, 2288, 2344, 2568, 2630,\n2670, 2746, 2828; acc. sg. wyrm, 887, 892, 2706, 3040, 3133; dat. sg.\nwyrme, 2308, 2520; gen. wyrmes, 2317, 2349, 2760, 2772, 2903; acc. pl.\nwyrmas, 1431.\n\nwyrm-cyn, st. m., _worm-kin, race of reptiles, dragons_: gen. sg.\nwyrm-cynnes fela, 1426.\n\nwyrm-f\u00e2h, adj., _dragon-ornamented, snake-adorned_ (ornamented with figures\nof dragons, snakes, etc.: cf. Dietrich in Germania X., 278): nom. sg.\nsweord ... wreo\u00f0en-hilt and wyrm-f\u00e2h, 1699.\n\nwyrm-hord, st. n., _dragon-hoard_: gen. pl. wyrm-horda, 2223.\n\nfor-wyrnan, w. v., _to refuse, reject_: subj. pres. II. \u00fe\u00e4t \u00feu me n\u00f4\nfor-wyrne, \u00fe\u00e4t... (_that thou refuse me not that_...), 429; pret. sg. he ne\nfor-wyrnde worold-r\u00e6denne, 1143.\n\nge-wyrpan, w. v. reflex., _to refresh one's self, recover_: pret. sg. he\nhyne ge-wyrpte, 2977.\n\nwyrpe, st. m., _change_: acc. sg. \u00e4fter we\u00e1-spelle wyrpe ge-fremman (_after\nthe woe-spell to bring about a change of things_), 1316.\n\nwyrsa, compar. adj., _worse_: acc. sg. neut. \u00fe\u00e4t wyrse, 1740; instr. sg.\nwyrsan wrixle, 2970; gen. sg. wyrsan ge\u00feinges, 525; nom. acc. pl. wyrsan\nw\u00eeg-frecan, 1213, 2497.\n\nwyrt, st. f., [_-wort_], _root_: instr. pl. wudu wyrtum f\u00e4st, 1365.\n\nw\u00fdscan, w. v., _to wish, desire_: pret. sg. w\u00eescte (rihde, MS.) \u00fe\u00e4s yldan\n(_wished to delay that_ or _for this reason_, 2440, 1605(?). See Note.\n\n\nY\n\nyfel, st n., _evil_: gen. pl. yfla, 2095.\n\nyldan, w. v., _to delay, put off_: inf. ne \u00fe\u00e4t se agl\u00e6ca yldan \u00fe\u00f4hte, 740;\nweard wine-ge\u00f4mor w\u00eescte \u00fe\u00e4s yldan, \u00fe\u00e4t he lytel f\u00e4c long-gestre\u00f3na br\u00fbcan\nm\u00f4ste, 2240.\n\nylde, st. m. pl., _men_: dat. pl. yldum, 77, 706, 2118; gen. pl. ylda, 150,\n606, 1662. See elde.\n\nyldest. See eald.\n\nyldo, st. f., _age (senectus), old age_: nom. sg., 1737, 1887; atol yldo,\n1767; dat. sg. on ylde, 22.--2) _age (\u00e6tas), time, era_: gen. sg. yldo\nbearn, 70. See eldo.\n\nyldra. See eald.\n\nylf, st. f., _elf (incubus, alp_): nom. pl. ylfe, 112.\n\nymb, prep. w. acc.: 1) local, _around, about, at, upon_: ymb hine (_around,\nwith, him_), 399. With prep, postponed: hine ymb, 690; ymb brontne ford\n(_around the seas, on the high sea_), 568; ymb \u00fe\u00e2 gif-healle (_around the\ngift-hall, throne-hall_), 839; ymb \u00fe\u00e4s helmes hr\u00f4f (_around the helm's\nroof, crown_), 1031.--2) temporal, _about, after_: ymb \u00e2n-t\u00eed \u00f4\u00f0res d\u00f4gores\n(_about the same time the next day_), 219; ymb \u00e2ne niht (_after a night_),\n135.--3) causal, _about, on account of, for, owing to_: (fr\u00eenan) ymb \u00fe\u00eenne\ns\u00ee\u00f0 (_on account of, concerning?, thy journey_), 353; hw\u00e4t \u00feu ... ymb\nBrecan spr\u00e6ce (_hast spoken about B._), 531; so, 1596, 3174; n\u00e2 ymb his l\u00eef\nceara\u00f0 (_careth not for his life_), 1537; so, 450; ymb feorh sacan, 439;\nsundor-nytte behe\u00f3ld ymb aldor Dena, 669; ymb sund (_about the swimming,\nthe prize for swimming_), 507.\n\nymbe, I. prep. w. acc. = ymb: 1) local, 2884, 3171; hl\u00e6w oft ymbe hwearf\n(prep, postponed), 2297. 2) causal, 2071, 2619.--II. adv., _around_: him\n... ymbe, 2598.\n\nymb-sittend, pres. part., _neighbor_ gen. pl. ymb-sittendra, 9.\n\nymbe-sittend, the same: nom. pl. ymbe-sittend, 1828; gen. pl.\nymbe-sittendra, 2735.\n\nyppe, w. f., _high seat, dais, throne_: dat. sg. eode ... t\u00f4 yppan, 1816.\n\nyrfe, st. n., _bequest, legacy_: nom. sg., 3052.\n\nyrfe-l\u00e2f, st. f., _sword left as a bequest_: acc. sg. yrfe-l\u00e2fe, 1054;\ninstr. sg. yrfe-l\u00e2fe, 1904.\n\nyrfe-weard, st. m., _heir, son_: nom. sg., 2732; gen. sg. yrfe-weardes,\n2454. (-as, MS.)\n\nyrm\u00f0o, st. f., _misery, shame, wretchedness_: acc. sg. yrm\u00f0e, 1260, 2006.\n\nyrre, st. n., _anger, ire, excitement_: acc. sg. godes yrre, 712; dat. sg,\non yrre, 2093.\n\nyrre, adj., _angry, irate, furious_: nom. sg. yrre oretta (Be\u00f3wulf), 1533;\n\u00feegn yrre (the same), 1576; g\u00e4st yrre (Grendel), 2074; nom. pl. yrre, 770.\nSee eorre.\n\nyrringa, adv., _angrily, fiercely_, 1566, 2965.\n\nyrre-m\u00f4d, adj., _wrathful-minded, wild_: nom. sg., 727.\n\nys, _he is_. See wesan.\n\n\n\u00dd\n\n\u00fd\u00f0 (O.H.G. unda), st. f., _wave; sea_: nom. pl. \u00fd\u00f0a, 548; acc. pl. \u00fd\u00f0e, 46,\n1133, 1910; dat. pl. \u00fd\u00f0um, 210, 421, 534, 1438, 1908; \u00fd\u00f0um weallan (_to\nsurge with waves_), 515, 2694; gen. pl. \u00fd\u00f0a, 464, 849, 1209, 1470,\n1919.--Comp: fl\u00f4d-, l\u00eeg-, w\u00e4ter-\u00fd\u00f0.\n\n\u00fd\u00f0an, w. v., _to ravage, devastate, destroy_: pret. sg. \u00fd\u00f0de eotena cyn,\n421 (cf. \u00ee\u00f0ende = _depopulating_, Bosworth, from \u00c6lfric's Glossary; pret.\n\u00fd\u00f0de, Wanderer, 85).\n\n\u00fd\u00f0e. See e\u00e1\u00f0e.\n\n\u00fd\u00f0e-l\u00eece, adv., _easily_: \u00fd\u00f0e-l\u00eece he eft \u00e2-st\u00f4d (_he easily arose\nafterwards_), 1557.\n\n\u00fd\u00f0-gebland, st. n., _mingling_ or _surging waters, water-tumult_: nom. sg.\n-geblond, 1374, 1594; nom. pl. -gebland, 1621.\n\n\u00fd\u00f0-gewin, st. n., _strife with the sea, wave-struggle, rushing of water_:\ndat. sg. \u00fd\u00f0-gewinne, 2413; gen. sg. -gewinnes, 1435.\n\n\u00fd\u00f0-l\u00e2d, st. f., _water-journey, sea-voyage_: nom. pl. \u00fd\u00f0-l\u00e2de, 228.\n\n\u00fd\u00f0-l\u00e2f, st. f., _water-leaving, what is left by the water (undarum\nreliquiae), shore_: dat. sg. be \u00fd\u00f0-l\u00e2fe, 566.\n\n\u00fd\u00f0-lida, w. m., _wave-traverser, ship_: acc. sg. \u00fd\u00f0-lidan, 198.\n\n\u00fd\u00f0-naca, w. m., _sea-boat_: acc. sg. [\u00fd\u00f0-]nacan, 1904.\n\n\u00fd\u00f0-ges\u00eane. See \u00ea\u00f0-ges\u00fdne.\n\n\u00fdwan, w. v. w. acc., _to show_: pret. sg. an-s\u00fdn \u00fdwde (_showed itself,\nappeared_), 2835. See e\u00e1wan, e\u00f3wan.\n\nge-\u00fdwan, w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to lay before, offer_: inf.,\n2150.\n\n\n\nGLOSSARY TO FINNSBURH.\n\n\u00e2brecan, st. v., _to shatter_: part. his byrne \u00e2brocen w\u00e6re (_his byrnie\nwas shattered_).\n\n\u00e2nyman, st. v., _to take, take away_.\n\nb\u00e2n-helm, st. m., _bone-helmet; skull_, [_shield_, Bosw.].\n\nburuh-\u00feelu, st. f., _castle-floor_.\n\nc\u00ealod, part, (adj.?), _keeled_, i.e. boat-shaped or hollow.\n\ndagian, w. v., _to dawn_: ne \u00feis ne dagia\u00f0 e\u00e1stan (_this is not dawning\nfrom the east_).\n\nde\u00f3r-m\u00f4d, adj., _brave in mood_: de\u00f3r-m\u00f4d h\u00e4le\u00f0.\n\ndriht-ges\u00ee\u00f0, st m., _companion, associate_.\n\ne\u00e1stan, adv., _from the east_.\n\neor\u00f0-b\u00fbend, st. m., _earth-dweller, man_.\n\nf\u00ear, st. m. _fear, terror_.\n\nf\u00fdren, adj., _flaming, afire_: nom. f. swylce eal Finns-buruh f\u00fdrenu w\u00e6re\n(_as if all Finnsburh were afire_).\n\ngehlyn, st. n., _noise, tumult_.\n\ngellan, st. v., _to sing_ (i.e. ring or resound): pres. sg. gylle\u00f0\ngr\u00e6g-hama (_the gray garment_ [byrnie] _rings_); (_the gray wolf\nyelleth_?).\n\ngenesan, st. v., _to survive, recover from_: pret. pl. \u00fe\u00e2 w\u00eegend hyra wunda\ngen\u00e6son (_the warriors were recovering from their wounds_).\n\ngold-hladen, adj., _laden with gold_ (wearing heavy gold ornaments).\n\ngr\u00e6g-hama, w. m., _gray garment, mail-coat_; (_wolf_?--Brooke).\n\ng\u00fb\u00f0-wudu, st. m., _war-wood, spear_.\n\nh\u00e4g-steald, st. m., _one who lives in his lord's house, a house-carl._\n\nhea\u00f0o-geong, adj., _young in war._\n\nhere-sceorp, st. n., _war-dress, coat of mail_.\n\nhleo\u00f0rian, w. v., _to speak, exclaim_: pret. sg. hleo\u00f0rode ... cyning (_the\nprince exclaimed_).\n\nhr\u00e6w, st. n., _corpse_.\n\nhr\u00f4r, adj., _strong_: here-sceorpum hr\u00f4r (_strong_ [though it was] _as\narmor_, Bosw.).\n\nlac (la\u00f0?)? for flacor, _fluttering?_\n\noncwe\u00f0an, st. v., _to answer_: pres. sg. scyld scefte oncwy\u00f0 (_the shield\nanswers the spear_).\n\nonwacnian, w. v., _to awake, arouse one's self_: imper. pl. onwacnigea\u00f0...,\nw\u00eegend mine (_awake, my warriors!_).\n\nsceft (sceaft), st. m., _spear, shaft_.\n\nsealo-br\u00fbn, adj., _dusky-brown_.\n\nsige-beorn, st. m., _victorious hero, valiant warrior_.\n\nsw\u00e4\u00f0er (sw\u00e2 hw\u00e4\u00f0er), pron., _which of two, which_.\n\nsw\u00e2n, st. m., _swain, youth; warrior_.\n\nsweart, adj., _swart, black_.\n\nsw\u00eat, adj., _sweet_: acc. m. sw\u00eatne medo ... forgyldan (_requite the sweet\nmead_, i.e. repay, by prowess in battle, the bounty of their chief).\n\nswurd-le\u00f3ma, w. m., _sword-flame, flashing of swords_.\n\n\u00feyrl, adj., _pierced, cloven_.\n\nundearninga, adv., _without concealment, openly_.\n\nwandrian, w. v., _to fly about, hover_: pret. sg. hr\u00e4fn wandrode (_the\nraven hovered_).\n\nwa\u00f0ol, st. m., _the full moon_ [Grein]; [adj., _wandering_, Bosw.].\n\nw\u00e4l-sliht (-sleaht), st. m., _combat, deadly struggle_: gen. pl. w\u00e4l-slihta\ngehlyn (_the din of combats_)\n\nwe\u00e2-d\u00e6d, st. f., _deed of woe_: nom. pl. \u00e2risa\u00f0 we\u00e2-d\u00e6da.\n\nwitian (weotian), w. v., _to appoint, determine_: part. \u00fee is ... witod.\n\nwur\u00f0l\u00eece (weor\u00f0l\u00eece), adv., _worthily, gallantly_: compar. wur\u00f0-l\u00eecor.\n\nw\u00e4g, weg, st. m., _way_.\n\n\n\nCORRECTIONS MADE TO THE SOURCE TEXT:\n\nARGUMENT, recals = recalls\nPOEM:\nll. 131, 737 \u00fery\u00f0-swy\u00f0 = \u00fer\u00fd\u00f0-sw\u00fd\u00f0\nl. 256 \u00f4fest = \u00f4fost\nl. 303 sci\u00f3non = scionon\nl. 706 buton = b\u00fbton\nl. 1115 \u00e2t = \u00e4t\nl. 1133 w\u00ee\u00f0 = wi\u00f0\nll. 1304, 1560, 1616 missing caesuras supplied\nl. 1436 here-str\u00e4l = here-str\u00e6l\nl. 1642 fe\u00f4wer- = fe\u00f3wer\nl. 1747 str\u00e4le = str\u00e6le\nl. 1828 \u00feywa\u00f0 = \u00fe\u00fdwa\u00f0\nl. 1926 betlic = betl\u00eec\nl. 2224 gesce\u00f3d = gesce\u00f4d\nll. 2288, 3036 w\u00e2s = w\u00e4s\nl. 2453 to = t\u00f4\nl. 2503 Huga = H\u00fbga\nl. 2586 ni\u00f0e = n\u00ee\u00f0e\nl. 2587 si\u00f0 = s\u00ee\u00f0\nl. 2684 irenna = \u00eerenna\nl. 2915 Hugas = H\u00fbgas\nl. 2956 he\u00e1\u00f0o-li\u00f0endum = hea\u00f0o-l\u00ee\u00f0endum\nl. 3000 \u00de\u00e2t = \u00de\u00e4t; fe\u00f4nd- = fe\u00f3nd-\nl. 3056 s\u00f3\u00f0 = s\u00f4\u00f0\nl. 3137 Hr\u00f4nes = Hrones\nlist of names, under:\n Dene, Sceden\u00eegge = Scedenigge\n E\u00e1dgils, Ohthere = \u00d4hthere\n Fre\u00e1waru, Freawaru = Fre\u00e1waru\n Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r, Hr\u00f4\u00f0-g\u00e2re = Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2re\n Hygelac, H\u00e6re\u00f0 = H\u00e4re\u00f0\nNOTES for\nl. 31, of l. 31 = of l. 30\nl. 1441, w\u00f4\u00f0- = w\u00e6g-\nl. 1916, le\u00f4fra = le\u00f3fra\nGLOSSARY, under headword\n \u00e4\u00f0ele, Beowulf's = Be\u00f3wulf's\n \u00e2n, gehwilces = gehwylces\n \u00e6g-hw\u00e2, \u00e6gh-w\u00e4s = \u00e6ghw\u00e4s\n \u00e4t-beran, beadol\u00e2ce = beadul\u00e2ce\n beadu-l\u00e2c, beado- = beadu- (twice)\n be\u00e1g, beages = be\u00e1ges\n beorh, he\u00e1ford- = he\u00e1fod\n be\u00f3dan, leodum = le\u00f3dum\n be\u00f3n, cw\u00eanlic = cw\u00eanl\u00eec\n biddan, bli\u00f0ne = bl\u00ee\u00f0ne\n bitter, str\u00e4le = str\u00e6le\n ge-b\u00eedan, therefor = therefore\n on-b\u00eedan, earf\u00f4\u00f0l\u00eece = earfo\u00f0l\u00eece\n brecan, l\u00eatdse = l\u00eat se\n burne, of of = of\n b\u00fbtan, sw\u00eece = swice\n cempa, Huga = H\u00fbga\n ge-ce\u00f3san, usic = \u00fbsic\n on-cirran, wealdendas = wealdendes\n cor\u00f0er, \u00fe\u00e4 = \u00fe\u00e2\n cunnan, \u00fee\u00e1we = \u00fee\u00e1w\n c\u00fb\u00f0, w\u00ee\u00f0- = w\u00eed-\n d\u00f4gor, gehwam = gehw\u00e2m\n d\u00f4n, ymbsittend = ymbesittend; hettend = hetend; \u00feywa\u00f0 = \u00fe\u00fdwa\u00f0\n dr\u00eefan, feoran = feorran\n dryhten, fre\u00e1h- = fre\u00e1-\n dryht-scipe, drihtscipe = drihtscype\n ge-d\u00fdgan, wr\u00e4csi\u00f0 = wr\u00e4cs\u00ee\u00f0\n eal, oncy\u00f0\u00f0e = onc\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e\n ealdor, herestr\u00e4l = herestr\u00e6l\n e\u00e1cen-cr\u00e4ftig, i\u00famanna = i\u00famonna\n eofor-spre\u00f3t, hocyhtum = h\u00f4cyhtum\n eorl\u00eec, eorlic [ellen] = eorl\u00eec\n f\u00e2h, w\u00e2ldre\u00f3re = w\u00e4ldre\u00f3re\n \u00f4\u00f0-ferian, panon = \u00feonan\n fela, ma\u00f0\u00f0um- = m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um\n f\u00earan, w\u00e4re = w\u00e6re\n fe\u00f3nd, feonda = fe\u00f3nda\n fle\u00f3n, fenh\u00f4pu = fenhopu\n floga, w\u00ee\u00f0- = w\u00eed-\n folc-toga, Hr\u00f4\u00f0gar = Hr\u00f4\u00f0g\u00e2r\n for, wonhydum = wonh\u00fddum; handgeweorc = hondgeweorc\n f\u00f4t-gemearc, long = lang\n ge-frignan, \u00feeodcyninga = \u00fee\u00f3dcyninga\n ge-fyr\u00f0ran, fratwum = fr\u00e4twum\n ge-f\u00fdsan, to s\u00eacanne = t\u00f4 s\u00eaceanne\n g\u00e2n, swa = sw\u00e2; [or] giong = gi\u00f3ng; flore = fl\u00f4re; s\u00eettan = sittan\n ge-gan, W\u00eeglaf = W\u00eegl\u00e2f\n g\u00e2r-w\u00eega, W\u00eeglaf = W\u00eegl\u00e2f\n g\u00e4st, f\u00eade- = f\u00ea\u00f0e-\n gegn-cwide, \u00feinra = \u00fe\u00eenra\n ge-gyrwan, y\u00f0lidan = \u00fd\u00f0lidan\n ge\u00f3c, g\u00e1st = g\u00e2st\n ge\u00f4more-l\u00eec, [bi\u00f0] ge\u00f4morlic = ge\u00f4morl\u00eec\n for-gildan, therefor = therefore\n gold-wlanc, gu\u00f0rinc = g\u00fb\u00f0rinc\n gr\u00eatan, walg\u00e6st = w\u00e4lg\u00e6st\n grim, searo-grimm = searo-grim\n habban, gecorene = gecorone\n wi\u00f0-habban, winsele = w\u00eensele\n hatan, s\u00e6li\u00f0end = s\u00e6l\u00ee\u00f0end\n hatian, gu\u00f0-scea\u00f0a = g\u00fb\u00f0-scea\u00f0a\n h\u00e2r, he\u00e2re = he\u00e1re\n here-str\u00e6l, -str\u00e4l = str\u00e6l\n heard, -str\u00e4l = -str\u00e6l; regen- = regn-\n heorte, starc- = stearc\n heoro-dre\u00f3r, heoro-dreore (citation) = heoro-dre\u00f3re\n hli\u00f0, hli\u00f0u = hli\u00f0o (twice)\n h\u00f4p, h\u00f4p = hop (twice)\n hreow, \u00fe\u00e2t = \u00fe\u00e4t\n hr\u00f4f, gese\u00e1h = geseah\n hw\u00eel, seo = se\u00f3\n h\u00fdran, \u00e6ghwilc = \u00e6ghwylc\n inne, abe\u00e1d = \u00e2be\u00e1d\n \u00eeren, drihtl\u00eec = dryhtl\u00eec\n l\u00e2\u00f0, gewi\u00f0ru = gewidru; scynnum = scinnum\n be-le\u00e1n, bele\u00e2n = bele\u00e1n\n m\u00eatan, Aescheres = \u00c4scheres\n mearcian, m\u00f4rh\u00f4pu = m\u00f4rhopu\n ge-mearian, hwam = hw\u00e2m\n mor\u00f0or-bed, stred = str\u00ead\n m\u00f4d, sti\u00f0- = st\u00ee\u00f0-\n n\u00e6nig, hor\u00f0-m\u00e2\u00f0um = hord-m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um\n on, he\u00e1\u00f0e = heo\u00f0e; willen = willan\n r\u00e6d, f\u00e6st- = f\u00e4st\n reccan, hu = h\u00fb\n r\u00eedan, gealgan = galgan\n sang, -leasne = le\u00e1sne\n sceapan, Hugas = H\u00fbgas (twice)\n sc\u00e2nan, sci\u00f3non = scionon\n sc\u00eenan, sc\u00eenon = scinon\n secg, synnigne = sinnigne\n ge-s\u00eacan, -cy\u00f0\u00f0e = c\u00fd\u00f0\u00f0e\n ge-s\u00eegan, \u00e4ts\u00e4cce = \u00e4t s\u00e4cce\n ge-sle\u00e1n, ge-sl\u00f4gan = ge-sl\u00f4gon\n standan, str\u00e4l = str\u00e6l\n stapan, fur\u00f0or = fur\u00f0ur\n ge-steppan, Ohtheres = \u00d4hteres\n stincan, \u00fe\u00e4 = \u00fe\u00e2\n styrian, ge-wi\u00f0ru = ge-widru\n sweord, ma\u00f0\u00f0um- = m\u00e2\u00f0\u00f0um\n ge-sw\u00eecan, \u00feeodne = \u00fee\u00f3dne\n te\u00f3n (w. v.), nal\u00e4s = nalas; teodan = te\u00f3dan\n t\u00f4, h\u00e4lum = h\u00e6lum; sitte = site; Eofore = Jofore\n ge-tr\u00fbwan, -w\u00e4re = w\u00e6re\n ge-tw\u00e6fan, \u00f4\u00f0\u00f0e = o\u00f0\u00f0e\n \u00fe\u00e6r, snotera = snottra\n \u00fee, gimf\u00e4stan = ginf\u00e4stan\n of-\u00feincan, gehwam = gehw\u00e2m\n ge-\u00feolian, \u00fe\u00e2t = \u00fe\u00e4t\n \u00feu, s\u00e6lran = selran\n \u00fe\u00fbsend, se\u00f3fon = seofan\n un-he\u00f3re, -speru = -sporu\n \u00fbs, \u00e6g-hwilc = \u00e6g-hwylc\n wacan, w\u00f4con = w\u00f4cun\n werian, beaduscr\u00fbd = beaduscr\u00fbda\n be-werian, scynnum = scinnum\n w\u00ean, orl\u00eag = orleg; \u00f4r-wena = or-w\u00eana\n weor\u00f0ian, le\u00f4de = le\u00f3de\n willa, wyllum = willum\n wilnian, f\u00e4\u00f0er = f\u00e4der\n n\u00e2t, hwilc = hwylc (twice)\n ge-w\u00eetan, w\u00e4re = w\u00e6re","title":"I. Be\u00f3wulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem. II. The fight at Finnsburh: a fragment.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":137242}