{"collection":"Sacred Texts: Buddhism","full_text_available":false,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/sacred_texts_v1_bud_bit_bit06_htm/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/sacred_texts_v1_bud_bit_bit06_htm","id":"sacred_texts_v1_bud_bit_bit06_htm","license":"unknown_pending_legal_review","rights_basis":"sacred_texts_v1_preview_gate_primary_text_only; acquisition-method/ToS and compilation-copyright questions still open, not resolved by this gate","source":"sacred_texts_v1","source_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/bud/bit/bit06.htm","summary":"This is a scholarly exposition of early Buddhist doctrine, drawn from what appears to be a 19th-century academic work on Buddhism (likely a Western comparative religion text, given the extensive footnotes citing Burnouf, Hardy, K\u00f6ppen, and other Orientalist scholars). The text outlines the foundational philosophical framework of Buddhism as taught by S\u0101kyamuni (the historical Buddha): that all existence is suffering, driven by desire and karma across infinite rebirths, and that liberation (Nirv\u0101na) comes through the extinguishing of passion and craving. It then systematically presents the Four Noble Truths \u2014 suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the path to cessation \u2014 followed by the Eightfold Path, which ranges from right opinion and judgment to right meditation and memory. A notable scholarly caveat is offered: the author acknowledges debate over whether S\u0101kyamuni himself formulated the Four Truths in precisely this canonical form, though the author includes the Eightfold Path on the grounds that early S\u016btras attribute it to him. The text also notes that by the time of writing, Buddhist tradition had already evolved to place S\u0101kyamuni within a longer lineage of past and future Buddhas \u2014 a later theological development the author identifies as introduced by the Sautr\u0101ntika school.","tags":["19th Century Buddhology","Buddhist Iconography","Tibetan Buddhism"],"text":null,"title":"Chapter III. The Religious System of Sakyamuni","tradition":"Sacred Texts: Buddhism","translated_text":null,"word_count":920}