{"collection":"Texts of Islam","full_text_available":false,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/sacred_texts_v1_isl_060_htm/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/sacred_texts_v1_isl_060_htm","id":"sacred_texts_v1_isl_060_htm","license":"unknown_pending_legal_review","rights_basis":"sacred_texts_v1_preview_gate_primary_text_only; acquisition-method/ToS and compilation-copyright questions still open, not resolved by this gate","source":"sacred_texts_v1","source_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/isl/060.htm","summary":"This is Surah Al-Mumtahanah (Chapter 60, \"The Examined One\" or \"The Tried\") of the Quran, a Medinan chapter revealed to the Prophet Muhammad during the period of active conflict between the early Muslim community and the Meccan polytheists, here rendered in a 19th-century English translation. Its central argument is a prohibition on Muslims taking hostile unbelievers as close allies or patrons, grounded in the logic that shared religious enmity overrides social and familial loyalty. A notably significant distinction runs through the chapter: God does not forbid just and righteous dealings with non-Muslims who have *not* fought against the community or expelled them from their homes \u2014 only alliance with those who have actively persecuted Muslims is condemned. The chapter invokes Abraham as a model of principled separation from unbelief, though it carefully carves out his intercession for his father as an exception rather than a template. A substantial portion addresses practical legal questions arising from interfaith marriages disrupted by conflict \u2014 specifically, procedures for receiving women who flee to the Muslim community, dissolving their marriages to unbelievers, and compensating former spouses on both sides. The chapter closes with conditions for the formal oath of allegiance taken by women converting to Islam, making it a text that moves between theological argumentation, communal identity formation, and early Islamic family law.","tags":[],"text":null,"title":"060","tradition":"Texts of Islam","translated_text":null,"word_count":674}