{"collection":"Texts of Islam","full_text_available":false,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/sacred_texts_v1_isl_isl_isl21_htm/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/sacred_texts_v1_isl_isl_isl21_htm","id":"sacred_texts_v1_isl_isl_isl21_htm","license":"unknown_pending_legal_review","rights_basis":"sacred_texts_v1_preview_gate_primary_text_only; acquisition-method/ToS and compilation-copyright questions still open, not resolved by this gate","source":"sacred_texts_v1","source_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/isl/isl/isl21.htm","summary":"This is an excerpt from a classical Islamic legal text (fiqh) in the \u1e24anaf\u012b tradition, drawn from the writings of al-Marghin\u0101n\u012b, a medieval jurist. The primary focus is on distinguishing between what is absolutely prohibited (\u1e25ar\u0101m) and what is merely disapproved (makr\u016bh), with extensive attention to the rules governing alcohol: specifically, what counts as khamr (grape-wine, strictly forbidden in any quantity), versus intoxicants made from honey, grain, or dates, which al-Marghin\u0101n\u012b's school regards as conditionally permissible if not consumed wantonly. A notably liberal position runs throughout: the \u1e24anaf\u012b school repeatedly diverges from the stricter Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b and M\u0101lik\u012b schools, arguing, for instance, that non-Muslims may enter mosques and that selling grape juice to someone intending to make wine is permissible because the harm is not yet present in the substance itself. The section on disapproved matters covers a miscellany of rulings \u2014 chess, visiting sick non-Muslims, employing eunuchs, certain prayer formulas \u2014 each debated across legal schools with competing hadiths and Quranic verses cited as evidence. The text is useful for anyone interested in how classical Islamic jurisprudence reasoned about harm, impurity, and religious tolerance, and in how the \u1e24anaf\u012b school's comparatively pragmatic interpretations set it apart from rival legal traditions.","tags":[],"text":null,"title":"Islam: Chapter Three: The Law: Fiqh, Shar\u012b\u2018a: 5. The Rejecting of the Reprehensible (Al-n\u0101h\u012b \u2018an al-munkar)","tradition":"Texts of Islam","translated_text":null,"word_count":951}