{"collection":"Anguttara Nikaya","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/suttacentral_an5.192/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/suttacentral_an5.192","id":"suttacentral_an5.192","license":"CC0","rights_basis":"suttacentral_bilara_data_cc0","source":"suttacentral","source_url":"https://suttacentral.net/an5.192/en/sujato","summary":null,"tags":["Anguttara Nikaya","Early Buddhist Texts"],"text":"Then Do\u1e47a the brahmin went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, Do\u1e47a sat down to one side, and said to the Buddha: \u201cWorthy Gotama, I have heard that the ascetic Gotama doesn\u2019t bow to old brahmins, the elderly and senior, who are advanced in years and have reached the final stage of life; nor does he rise in their presence or offer them a seat. And this is indeed the case, for the worthy Gotama does not bow to old brahmins, elderly and senior, who are advanced in years and have reached the final stage of life; nor does he rise in their presence or offer them a seat. This is not appropriate, worthy Gotama.\u201d \u201cDo\u1e47a, do you too claim to be a brahmin?\u201d \u201cWorthy Gotama, if anyone should be rightly called a brahmin, it\u2019s me. For I am well born on both my mother\u2019s and father\u2019s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation. I recite and remember the hymns, and have mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. I know them word-by-word, and their grammar. I am well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man.\u201d \u201cDo\u1e47a, the ancient brahmin seers were A\u1e6d\u1e6dhaka, V\u0101maka, V\u0101madeva, Vess\u0101mitta, Yamadaggi, A\u1e45g\u012brasa, Bh\u0101radv\u0101ja, V\u0101se\u1e6d\u1e6dha, Kassapa, and Bhagu. They were the authors and propagators of the hymns, whose hymnal was sung and propagated and compiled in ancient times. These days, brahmins continue to sing and chant it. They continue chanting what was chanted, rehearsing what was rehearsed, and teaching what was taught. Those seers described five kinds of brahmins. A brahmin who is equal to the Divinity, one who is equal to a god, one who toes the line, one who crosses the line, and the fifth is a brahmin corpse-worker. Which one of these are you, Do\u1e47a?\u201d \u201cWorthy Gotama, we don\u2019t know about these five kinds of brahmins. We just know the word \u2018brahmin\u2019. Worthy Gotama, please teach me this matter so I can learn about these five brahmins.\u201d \u201cWell then, brahmin, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.\u201d \u201cYes, worthy sir,\u201d Do\u1e47a replied. The Buddha said this: \u201cDo\u1e47a, how is a brahmin equal to the Divinity? It\u2019s when a brahmin is well born on both his mother\u2019s and father\u2019s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation. For forty-eight years he leads the boy\u2019s spiritual life studying the hymns. Then he seeks a fee for his tutor, but only by legitimate means, not illegitimate. In this context, Do\u1e47a, what is legitimate? Not by farming, trade, raising cattle, archery, government service, or one of the professions, but solely by living on alms, not scorning the alms bowl. Having offered the fee to his tutor, he shaves off his hair and beard, dresses in ocher robes, and goes forth from the lay life to homelessness. Then they meditate spreading a heart full of love to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, they spread a heart full of love to the whole world\u2014abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will. They meditate spreading a heart full of compassion \u2026 rejoicing \u2026 equanimity to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, they spread a heart full of equanimity to the whole world\u2014abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will. Having developed these four divine meditations, when the body breaks up, after death, they\u2019re reborn in a good place, a realm of divinity. That\u2019s how a brahmin is equal to the Divinity. And how is a brahmin equal to a god? It\u2019s when a brahmin is well born on both the mother\u2019s and the father\u2019s sides \u2026 Having offered the fee to his tutor, he seeks a wife, but only by legitimate means, not illegitimate. In this context, Do\u1e47a, what is legitimate? Not by buying or selling, he only accepts a brahmin woman by the pouring of water. He has sex only with a brahmin woman. He does not have sex with a woman from a family of aristocrats, peasants, menials, corpse-workers, hunters, bamboo-workers, chariot-makers, or scavengers. Nor does he have sex with women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or outside the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. And why does the brahmin not have sex with a pregnant woman? If a brahmin had sex with a pregnant woman, the boy or girl would be born in too much filth. That\u2019s why the brahmin doesn\u2019t have sex with a pregnant woman. And why does the brahmin not have sex with a breastfeeding woman? If a brahmin had sex with a breastfeeding woman, the boy or girl would drink back the semen. That\u2019s why the brahmin doesn\u2019t have sex with a breastfeeding woman. And why does the brahmin not have sex outside the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle? Because his brahmin wife is not there for sensual pleasure, fun, and enjoyment, but only for procreation. Having ensured his progeny through sex, he shaves off his hair and beard, dresses in ocher robes, and goes forth from the lay life to homelessness. When he has gone forth, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, he enters and remains in the first absorption \u2026 second absorption \u2026 third absorption \u2026 fourth absorption. Having developed these four absorptions, when the body breaks up, after death, they\u2019re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. That\u2019s how a brahmin is equal to god. And how does a brahmin toe the line? It\u2019s when a brahmin is well born on both the mother\u2019s and the father\u2019s sides \u2026 Not by buying or selling, he only accepts a brahmin woman by the pouring of water. Having ensured his progeny through sex, his child makes him happy. Because of this attachment he stays in his family property, and does not go forth from the lay life to homelessness. As far as the line of the ancient brahmins extends, he doesn\u2019t cross over it. That\u2019s why he\u2019s called a brahmin who toes the line. That\u2019s how a brahmin toes the line. And how does a brahmin cross the line? It\u2019s when a brahmin is well born on both the mother\u2019s and the father\u2019s sides \u2026 Having offered a fee for his tutor, he seeks a wife by both legitimate and illegitimate means. That is, by buying or selling, as well as accepting a brahmin woman by the pouring of water. He has sex with a brahmin woman, as well as with a woman from a family of aristocrats, peasants, menials, corpse-workers, hunters, bamboo workers, chariot-makers, or scavengers. And he has sex with women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or outside the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. His brahmin wife is there for sensual pleasure, fun, and enjoyment, as well as for procreation. As far as the line of the ancient brahmins extends, he crosses over it. That\u2019s why he\u2019s called a brahmin who crosses the line. That\u2019s how a brahmin crosses the line. And how is a brahmin a brahmin corpse-worker? It\u2019s when a brahmin is well born on both his mother\u2019s and father\u2019s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation. For forty-eight years he leads the virginal spiritual life studying the hymns. Then he seeks a fee for his tutor by legitimate means and illegitimate means. By farming, trade, raising cattle, archery, government service, or one of the professions, not solely by living on alms, not scorning the alms bowl. Having offered a fee for his tutor, he seeks a wife by both legitimate and illegitimate means. That is, by buying or selling, as well as accepting a brahmin woman by the pouring of water. He has sex with a brahmin woman, as well as with a woman from a family of aristocrats, peasants, menials, corpse-workers, hunters, bamboo workers, chariot-makers, or scavengers. And he has sex with women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or outside the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. His brahmin wife is there for sensual pleasure, fun, and enjoyment, as well as for procreation. He earns a living by any kind of work. The brahmins say to him, \u2018Why is it that the worthy sir claims to be a brahmin, but you earn a living by any kind of work?\u2019 He says, \u2018It\u2019s like a fire that burns both pure and filthy things, but doesn\u2019t become corrupted by them. In the same way, worthy sir, if a brahmin earns a living by any kind of work, he is not corrupted by that.\u2019 A brahmin is called a brahmin corpse-worker because he earns a living by any kind of work. That\u2019s how a brahmin is a brahmin corpse-worker. Do\u1e47a, the ancient brahmin seers were A\u1e6d\u1e6dhaka, V\u0101maka, V\u0101madeva, Vess\u0101mitta, Yamadaggi, A\u1e45g\u012brasa, Bh\u0101radv\u0101ja, V\u0101se\u1e6d\u1e6dha, Kassapa, and Bhagu. They were the authors and propagators of the hymns, whose hymnal was sung and propagated and compiled in ancient times. These days, brahmins continue to sing and chant it. They continue chanting what was chanted, rehearsing what was rehearsed, and teaching what was taught. Those seers described five kinds of brahmins. A brahmin who is equal to the Divinity, one who is equal to a god, one who toes the line, one who crosses the line, and the fifth is a brahmin corpse-worker. Which one of these are you, Do\u1e47a?\u201d \u201cThis being so, worthy Gotama, I don\u2019t even qualify as a brahmin corpse-worker. Excellent, worthy Gotama! \u2026 From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.\u201d","title":"With the Brahmin Do\u1e47a","tradition":"Anguttara Nikaya","translated_text":null,"word_count":1657}