{"collection":"Majjhima Nikaya","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/suttacentral_mn118/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/suttacentral_mn118","id":"suttacentral_mn118","license":"CC0","rights_basis":"suttacentral_bilara_data_cc0","source":"suttacentral","source_url":"https://suttacentral.net/mn118/en/sujato","summary":null,"tags":["Early Buddhist Texts","Majjhima Nikaya"],"text":"So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near S\u0101vatth\u012b in the stilt longhouse of Mig\u0101ra\u2019s mother in the Eastern Monastery, together with several well-known senior disciples, such as the venerables S\u0101riputta, Mah\u0101moggall\u0101na, Mah\u0101kassapa, Mah\u0101kacc\u0101na, Mah\u0101ko\u1e6d\u1e6dhita, Mah\u0101kappina, Mah\u0101cunda, Anuruddha, Revata, \u0100nanda, and others. Now at that time the senior monks were advising and instructing the junior monks. Some senior monks instructed ten monks, while some instructed twenty, thirty, or forty. Being instructed by the senior monks, the junior monks realized a higher distinction than they had before. Now, at that time it was the sabbath\u2014the full moon on the fifteenth day\u2014and the Buddha was sitting surrounded by the Sa\u1e45gha of monks for the invitation to admonish. Then the Buddha looked around the Sa\u1e45gha of monks, who were so very silent. He addressed them: \u201cI am satisfied, monks, with this practice. My heart is satisfied with this practice. So you should rouse up even more energy for attaining the unattained, achieving the unachieved, and realizing the unrealized. I will wait here in S\u0101vatth\u012b for the Komud\u012b full moon of the fourth month.\u201d Mendicants from around the country heard about this, and came down to S\u0101vatth\u012b to see the Buddha. And those senior monks instructed the junior monks even more. Some senior monks instructed ten monks, while some instructed twenty, thirty, or forty. Being instructed by the senior monks, the junior monks realized a higher distinction than they had before. Now, at that time it was the sabbath\u2014the Komud\u012b full moon on the fifteenth day of the fourth month\u2014and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by the Sa\u1e45gha of monks. Then the Buddha looked around the Sa\u1e45gha of monks, who were so very silent. He addressed them: \u201cThis assembly has no chaff, monks, it is free of chaff, pure, and consolidated in the core. Such is this Sa\u1e45gha of monks, such is this assembly! An assembly such as this is worthy of offerings dedicated to the gods, worthy of hospitality, worthy of a religious donation, worthy of greeting with cupped palms, and is the supreme field of merit for the world. Such is this Sa\u1e45gha of monks, such is this assembly! For an assembly such as this, giving little becomes much, while giving much becomes even more. Such is this Sa\u1e45gha of monks, such is this assembly! An assembly such as this is rarely seen in the world. Such is this Sa\u1e45gha of monks, such is this assembly! An assembly such as this is worth traveling many leagues to see, even if you have to carry your own provisions in a knapsack. For in this Sa\u1e45gha there are perfected mendicants who have ended the defilements, completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their heart\u2019s goal, utterly ended the fetter of continued existence, and are rightly freed through enlightenment. There are such mendicants in this Sa\u1e45gha. In this Sa\u1e45gha there are mendicants who, with the ending of the five lower fetters are reborn spontaneously. They are extinguished there, and are not liable to return from that world. There are such mendicants in this Sa\u1e45gha. In this Sa\u1e45gha there are mendicants who, with the ending of three fetters, and the weakening of greed, hate, and delusion, are once-returners. They come back to this world once only, then make an end of suffering. There are such mendicants in this Sa\u1e45gha. In this Sa\u1e45gha there are mendicants who, with the ending of three fetters are stream-enterers, not liable to be reborn in the underworld, assured, destined for awakening. There are such mendicants in this Sa\u1e45gha. In this Sa\u1e45gha there are mendicants who are committed to developing the four kinds of mindfulness meditation \u2026 the four right efforts \u2026 the four bases of psychic power \u2026 the five faculties \u2026 the five powers \u2026 the seven awakening factors \u2026 the noble eightfold path. There are such mendicants in this Sa\u1e45gha. In this Sa\u1e45gha there are mendicants who are committed to developing the meditation on love \u2026 compassion \u2026 rejoicing \u2026 equanimity \u2026 ugliness \u2026 impermanence. There are such mendicants in this Sa\u1e45gha. In this Sa\u1e45gha there are mendicants who are committed to developing the meditation on mindfulness of breathing. Mendicants, when mindfulness of breathing is developed and cultivated it is very fruitful and beneficial. Mindfulness of breathing, when developed and cultivated, fulfills the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. The four kinds of mindfulness meditation, when developed and cultivated, fulfill the seven awakening factors. And the seven awakening factors, when developed and cultivated, fulfill knowledge and freedom. And how is mindfulness of breathing developed and cultivated to be very fruitful and beneficial? It\u2019s when a mendicant\u2014gone to a wilderness, or to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut\u2014sits down cross-legged, sets their body straight, and brings mindfulness to the present. Just mindful, they breathe in. Mindful, they breathe out. Breathing in heavily they know: \u2018I\u2019m breathing in heavily.\u2019 Breathing out heavily they know: \u2018I\u2019m breathing out heavily.\u2019 Breathing in lightly they know: \u2018I\u2019m breathing in lightly.\u2019 Breathing out lightly they know: \u2018I\u2019m breathing out lightly.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in experiencing the whole body.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out experiencing the whole body.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in stilling the physical process.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out stilling the physical process.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in experiencing rapture.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out experiencing rapture.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in experiencing bliss.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out experiencing bliss.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in experiencing the mental process.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out experiencing the mental process.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in stilling the mental process.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out stilling the mental process.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in experiencing the mind.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out experiencing the mind.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in gladdening the mind.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out gladdening the mind.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in immersing the mind in sam\u0101dhi.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out immersing the mind in sam\u0101dhi.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in freeing the mind.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out freeing the mind.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in observing impermanence.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out observing impermanence.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in observing fading away.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out observing fading away.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in observing cessation.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out observing cessation.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe in observing letting go.\u2019 They practice like this: \u2018I\u2019ll breathe out observing letting go.\u2019 Mindfulness of breathing, when developed and cultivated in this way, is very fruitful and beneficial. And how is mindfulness of breathing developed and cultivated so as to fulfill the four kinds of mindfulness meditation? Whenever a mendicant knows that they breathe heavily, or lightly, or experiencing the whole body, or stilling the physical process\u2014 at that time they\u2019re meditating by observing an aspect of the body\u2014keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. For I say that the in-breaths and out-breaths are an aspect of the body. That\u2019s why at that time a mendicant is meditating by observing an aspect of the body\u2014keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Whenever a mendicant practices breathing while experiencing rapture, or experiencing bliss, or experiencing the mental process, or stilling the mental process\u2014 at that time they meditate observing an aspect of feelings\u2014keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. For I say that careful application of mind to the in-breaths and out-breaths is an aspect of feelings. That\u2019s why at that time a mendicant is meditating by observing an aspect of feelings\u2014keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Whenever a mendicant practices breathing while experiencing the mind, or gladdening the mind, or immersing the mind in sam\u0101dhi, or freeing the mind\u2014 at that time they meditate observing an aspect of the mind\u2014keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. There is no development of mindfulness of breathing for someone who is unmindful and lacks awareness, I say. That\u2019s why at that time a mendicant is meditating by observing an aspect of the mind\u2014keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Whenever a mendicant practices breathing while observing impermanence, or observing fading away, or observing cessation, or observing letting go\u2014 at that time they meditate observing an aspect of principles\u2014keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. Having seen with wisdom the giving up of covetousness and displeasure, they watch over closely with equanimity. That\u2019s why at that time a mendicant is meditating by observing an aspect of principles\u2014keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. That\u2019s how mindfulness of breathing, when developed and cultivated, fulfills the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. And how are the four kinds of mindfulness meditation developed and cultivated so as to fulfill the seven awakening factors? Whenever a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body, at that time their mindfulness is established and lucid. At such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of mindfulness; they develop it and perfect it. As they live mindfully in this way they investigate, explore, and inquire into that principle with wisdom. At such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of investigation of principles; they develop it and perfect it. As they investigate principles with wisdom in this way their energy is roused up and unflagging. At such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of energy; they develop it and perfect it. When they\u2019re energetic, rapture not of the flesh arises. At such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of rapture; they develop it and perfect it. When the mind is full of rapture, the body and mind become tranquil. At such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of tranquility; they develop it and perfect it. When the body is tranquil and they feel bliss, the mind becomes immersed in sam\u0101dhi. At such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of immersion; they develop it and perfect it. They closely watch over that mind immersed in sam\u0101dhi. At such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of equanimity; they develop it and perfect it. Whenever a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of feelings \u2026 mind \u2026 principles, at that time their mindfulness is established and lucid. At such a time, a mendicant has initiated the awakening factor of mindfulness \u2026 investigation of principles \u2026 energy \u2026 rapture \u2026 tranquility \u2026 immersion \u2026 equanimity. That\u2019s how the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, when developed and cultivated, fulfill the seven awakening factors. And how are the seven awakening factors developed and cultivated so as to fulfill knowledge and freedom? It\u2019s when a mendicant develops the awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, rapture, tranquility, immersion, and equanimity, which rely on seclusion, fading away, and cessation, and ripen as letting go. That\u2019s how the seven awakening factors, when developed and cultivated, fulfill knowledge and freedom.\u201d That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the monks approved what the Buddha said.","title":"Mindfulness of Breathing","tradition":"Majjhima Nikaya","translated_text":null,"word_count":1928}