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Polyglot Bible: Romans: Romans 9

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This is Romans 9 from the New Testament, presented as a parallel-text biblical edition showing three versions side by side: the Greek New Testament (GNT), the King James Version (KJV), and the Latin Vulgate. The KJV column includes Strong's concordance numbers interleaved with the text. The passage opens with Paul's anguished declaration that he could wish himself "accursed from Christ" for the sake of his Jewish kinspeople, who possess the covenants, the law, and the lineage of the Messiah. Paul then addresses the apparent problem of Israel's unbelief by arguing that God's word has not failed, because true membership in Israel has always been defined by divine election rather than biological descent — illustrated through the examples of Isaac over Ishmael, and Jacob chosen over Esau before either had done good or evil. The chapter defends God's sovereign freedom to show mercy or harden hearts (invoking Moses and Pharaoh), using the potter-and-clay image to rebuff human objections to divine prerogative, and closes by arguing that Gentiles attained righteousness through faith while Israel, pursuing righteousness through works of the law, stumbled over Christ as the "stone of stumbling." The passage is a foundational text in Christian theological debates about predestination, election, and the relationship between Jews and Gentiles in salvation history.

Polyglot Bible: Romans: Romans 9

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