CONTENTS
CHAP.
PAGE
I.
The King of the Wood
1
§ 1. Diana and Virbius
1
§ 2. Artemis and Hippolytus
6
§ 3. Recapitulation
7
II.
Priestly Kings
9
III.
Sympathetic Magic
11
§ 1. The Principles of Magic
11
§ 2. Homoeopathic or Imitative Magic
12
§ 3. Contagious Magic
37
§ 4. The Magician’s Progress
45
IV.
Magic and Religion
48
V.
The Magical Control of the Weather
60
§ 1. The Public Magician
60
§ 2. The Magical Control of Rain
62
§ 3. The Magical Control of the Sun
78
§ 4. The Magical Control of the Wind
80
VI.
Magicians as Kings
83
VII.
Incarnate Human Gods
91
VIII.
Departmental Kings of Nature
106
IX.
The Worship of Trees
109
§ 1. Tree-spirits
109
§ 2. Beneficent Powers of Tree-Spirits
117
X.
Relics of Tree Worship in Modern Europe
120
XI.
The Influence of the Sexes on Vegetation
135
XII.
The Sacred Marriage
139
§ 1. Diana as a Goddess of Fertility
139
§ 2. The Marriage of the Gods
142
XIII.
The Kings of Rome and Alba
146
§ 1. Numa and Egeria
146
§ 2. The King as Jupiter
148
XIV.
Succession to the Kingdom in Ancient Latium
152
XV.
The Worship of the Oak
159
XVI.
Dianus and Diana
161
XVII.
The Burden of Royalty
168
§ 1. Royal and Priestly Taboos
168
§ 2. Divorce of the Spiritual from the Temporal Power
175
XVIII.
The Perils of the Soul
178
§ 1. The Soul as a Mannikin
178
§ 2. Absence and Recall of the Soul
180
§ 3. The Soul as a Shadow and a Reflection
189
XIX.
Tabooed Acts
194
§ 1. Taboos on Intercourse with Strangers
194
§ 2. Taboos on Eating and Drinking
198
§ 3. Taboos on showing the Face
199
§ 4. Taboos on quitting the House
200
§ 5. Taboos on Leaving Food over
200
XX.
Tabooed Persons
202
§ 1. Chiefs and Kings tabooed
202
§ 2. Mourners tabooed
205
§ 3. Women tabooed at Menstruation and Childbirth
207
§ 4. Warriors tabooed
210
§ 5. Manslayers tabooed
212
§ 6. Hunters and Fishers tabooed
216
XXI.
Tabooed Things
223
§ 1. The Meaning of Taboo
223
§ 2. Iron tabooed
224
§ 3. Sharp Weapons tabooed
226
§ 4. Blood tabooed
227
§ 5. The Head tabooed
230
§ 6. Hair tabooed
231
§ 7. Ceremonies at Hair-cutting
233
§ 8. Disposal of Cut Hair and Nails
233
§ 9. Spittle tabooed
237
§ 10. Foods tabooed
238
§ 11. Knots and Rings tabooed
238
XXII.
Tabooed Words
244
§ 1. Personal Named tabooed
244
§ 2. Names of Relations tabooed
249
§ 3. Names of the Dead tabooed
251
§ 4. Names of Kings and other Sacred Persons tabooed
257
§ 5. Named of Gods tabooed
260
XXIII.
Our Debt to the Savage
264
XXIV.
The Killing of the Divine King
264
§ 1. The Mortality of the Gods
264
§ 2. Kings killed when their Strength fails
265
§ 3. Kings killed at the End of a Fixed Term
274
XXV.
Temporary Kings
283
XXVI.
Sacrifice of the King’s Son
289
XXVII.
Succession to the Soul
293
XXVIII.
The Killing of the Tree-Spirit
296
§ 1. The Whitsuntide Mummers
296
§ 2. Burying the Carnival
301
§ 3. Carrying out Death
307
§ 4. Bringing in Summer
311
§ 5. Battle of Summer and Winter
316
§ 6. Death and Resurrection of Kostrubonko
317
§ 7. Death and Revival of Vegetation
318
§ 8. Analogous Rites in India
319
§ 9. The Magic Spring
320
XXIX.
The Myth of Adonis
324
XXX.
Adonis in Syria
327
XXXI.
Adonis in Cyprus
329
XXXII.
The Ritual of Adonis
335
XXXIII.
The Gardens of Adonis
341
XXXIV.
The Myth and Ritual of Attis
347
XXXV.
Attis as a God of Vegetation
352
XXXVI.
Human Representatives of Attis
353
XXXVII.
Oriental Religions in the West
356
XXXVIII.
The Myth of Osiris
362
XXXIX.
The Ritual of Osiris
368
§ 1. The Popular Rites
368
§ 2. The Official Rites
373
XL.
The Nature of Osiris
377
§ 1. Osiris a Corn-god
377
§ 2. Osiris a Tree-spirit
380
§ 3. Osiris a God of Fertility
381
§ 4. Osiris a God of the Dead
381
XLI.
Isis
382
XLII.
Osiris and the Sun
384
XLIII.
Dionysus
385
XLIV.
Demeter and Persephone
393
XLV.
The Corn-mother and Corn-maiden in Northern Europe
399
XLVI.
The Corn-mother in Many Lands
412
§ 1. The Corn-mother in America
412
§ 2. The Rice-mother in the East Indies
413
§ 3. The Spirit of the Corn embodied in Human Beings
419
§ 4. The Double Personification of the Corn as Mother and Daughter
420
XLVII.
Lityerses
424
§ 1. Songs of the Corn Reapers
424
§ 2. Killing the Corn-spirit
425
§ 3. Human Sacrifices for the Crops
431
§ 4. The Corn-spirit slain in his Human Representatives
438
XLVIII.
The Corn-Spirit as an Animal
447
§ 1. Animal Embodiments of the Corn-spirit
447
§ 2. The Corn-spirit as a Wolf or a Dog
448
§ 3. The Corn-spirit as a Cock
450
§ 4. The Corn-spirit as a Hare
452
§ 5. The Corn-spirit as a Cat
453
§ 6. The Corn-spirit as a Goat
454
§ 7. The Corn-spirit as a Bull, Cow, or Ox
457
§ 8. The Corn-spirit as a Horse or Mare
459
§ 9. The Corn-spirit as a Pig (Boar or Sow)
460
§ 10. On the Animal Embodiments of the Corn-spirit
462
XLIX.
Ancient Deities of Vegetation as Animals
464
§ 1. Dionysus, the Goat and the Bull
464
§ 2. Demeter, the Pig and the Horse
469
§ 3. Attis, Adonis, and the Pig
471
§ 4. Osiris, the Pig and the Bull
472
§ 5. Virbius and the Horse
476
L.
Eating the God
479
§ 1. The Sacrament of First-Fruits
479
§ 2. Eating the God among the Aztecs
488
§ 3. Many Manii at Aricia
491
LI.
Homeopathic Magic of a Flesh Diet
494
LII.
Killing the Divine Animal
499
§ 1. Killing the Sacred Buzzard
499
§ 2. Killing the Sacred Ram
500
§ 3. Killing the Sacred Serpent
501
§ 4. Killing the Sacred Turtles
502
§ 5. Killing the Sacred Bear
505
LIII.
The Propitiation of Wild Animals By Hunters
518
LIV.
Types of Animal Sacrament
532
§ 1. The Egyptian and the Aino Types of Sacrament
532
§ 2. Processions with Sacred Animals
535
LV.
The Transference of Evil
538
§ 1. The Transference to Inanimate Objects
538
§ 2. The Transference to Animals
540
§ 3. The Transference to Men
542
§ 4. The Transference of Evil in Europe
543
LVI.
The Public Expulsion of Evils
546
§ 1. The Omnipresence of Demons
546
§ 2. The Occasional Expulsion of Evils
547
§ 3. The Periodic Expulsion of Evils
551
LVII.
Public Scapegoats
562
§ 1. The Expulsion of Embodied Evils
562
§ 2. The Occasional Expulsion of Evils in a Material Vehicle
563
§ 3. The Periodic Expulsion of Evils in a Material Vehicle
566
§ 4. On Scapegoats in General
574
LVIII.
Human Scapegoats in Classical Antiquity
577
§ 1. The Human Scapegoat in Ancient Rome
577
§ 2. The Human Scapegoat in Ancient Greece
578
§ 3. The Roman Saturnalia
583
LIX.
Killing the God in Mexico
587
LX.
Between Heaven and Earth
592
§ 1. Not to touch the Earth
592
§ 2. Not to see the Sun
595
§ 3. The Seclusion of Girls at Puberty
595
§ 4. Reasons for the Seclusion of Girls at Puberty
603
LXI.
The Myth of Balder
607
LXII.
The Fire Festivals in Europe
609
§ 1. The Fire-festivals in general
609
§ 2. The Lenten Fires
609
§ 3. The Easter Fires
614
§ 4. The Beltane Fires
617
§ 5. The Midsummer Fires
622
§ 6. The Hallowe’en Fires
632
§ 7. The Midwinter Fires
636
§ 8. The Need-fire
638
LXIII.
The Interpretation of the Fire-festivals
641
§ 1. On the Fire-festivals in general
641
§ 2. The Solar Theory of the Fire-festivals
643
§ 3. The Purificatory Theory of the Fire-festivals
647
LXIV.
The Burning of Human Beings in the Fires
650
§ 1. The Burning of Effigies in the Fires
650
§ 2. The Burning of Men and Animals in the Fires
652
LXV.
Balder and the Mistletoe
658
LXVI.
The External Soul in Folk-tales
667
LXVII.
The External Soul in Folk-custom
679
§ 1. The External Soul in Inanimate Things
679
§ 2. The External Soul in Plants
681
§ 3. The External Soul in Animals
683
§ 4. The Ritual of Death and Resurrection
691
LXVIII.
The Golden Bough
701
LXIX.
Farewell to Nemi
711
Index
715
The Golden Bough
Frontispiece