Paradise Found, by William F. Warren, [1885]
| | Page |
| DEDICATION | v |
| PREFACE | viii |
| | |
| PART FIRST. | |
| THE LOCATION OF EDEN: STATE OF THE QUESTION. | |
| | |
| CHAPTER I. | |
| THE RESULTS OF EXPLORERS, HISTORIC AND LEGENDARY. | |
| Columbus approaching the gate | 3 |
| The report of Sir John de Maundeville | 7 |
| Adventures of Prince Eirek | 10 |
| The voyages of St. Brandan and of Oger | 12 |
| The success of the author of The Book of Enoch | 20 |
| An equestrian's anticipations | 21 |
| David Livingstone a searcher for Eden | 22 |
| Unanimous verdict: Non est inventus | 22 |
| | |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| THE RESULTS OF THEOLOGIANS. | |
| Ideas of the church fathers | 23 |
| Opinions of Luther and of Calvin | 25 |
| Contemporary opinion entirely conflicting | 25 |
| Inconclusive character of the Biblical data | 26 |
| The garden "eastward" | 27 |
| The "Euphrates" | 28 |
| The problem "unsolved if not insoluble" | 32 |
| p. xiv | |
| | |
| CHAPTER III. | |
| THE RESULTS OF NON-THEOLOGICAL SCHOLARS: NATURALISTS, ETHNOLOGISTS, ETC. | |
| The unity of the human species | 33 |
| But one "mother-region" | 33 |
| Its location—ten different answers | 35 |
| Views of Darwin, Häckel, Peschel, etc. | 35 |
| Views of Quatrefages, Obry, etc. | 36 |
| Locations of lost Atlantis | 38 |
| Theory of Friedrich Delitzsch | 39 |
| Theory of E. Beauvois | 41 |
| Theory of Gerald Massey | 42 |
| The Utopians | 43 |
| Despair of a solution | 43 |
| | |
| PART SECOND. | |
| A FRESH HYPOTHESIS: PRIMITIVE EDEN AT THE NORTH POLE. | |
| | |
| CHAPTER I. | |
| THE HYPOTHESIS, AND THE CONDITIONS OF ITS ADMISSIBILITY. | |
| Statement of the hypothesis | 47 |
| Seven sciences to be satisfied | 48 |
| | |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| IMPORTANT NEW FEATURES AT ONCE INTRODUCED INTO THE PROBLEM OF THE SITE OF EDEN AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE FOR A VALID SOLUTION. | |
| Seven peculiarities of a polar Eden | 50 |
| Our hypothesis consequently most difficult | 53 |
| Its certain break-down if not true | 53 |
| | |
| PART THIRD. | |
| THE HYPOTHESIS SCIENTIFICALLY TESTED AND CONFIRMED. | |
| | |
| CHAPTER I. | |
| THE TESTIMONY OF SCIENTIFIC GEOGONY. | |
| Popular prepossessions | 57 |
| Secular refrigeration of the earth | 57 |
| p. xv | |
| Inevitable implications of the doctrine | 58 |
| Bearing of these upon our problem | 59 |
| | |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| THE TESTIMONY OF ASTRONOMICAL GEOGRAPHY. | |
| Length of the polar day | 60 |
| Mistakes of Geikie and Lyell | 60 |
| The actual duration of daylight | 61 |
| Experience of Weyprecht and Payer | 62 |
| Experience of Barentz | 63 |
| Citation from Baron Nordenskjöld | 63 |
| The statement of Captain Pim | 64 |
| The explanation of discrepancies | 65 |
| A safe settlement of the question | 66 |
| The polar night | 68 |
| Aspects and progress of the polar day | 69 |
| A paradisaic abode | 70 |
| | |
| CHAPTER III. | |
| THE TESTIMONY OF PHYSIOGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. | |
| A primitive circumpolar continent | 71 |
| Anticipated by Klee | 71 |
| Speculations of Wallace | 72 |
| Postulated by Professor Heer | 73 |
| Also by Baron Nordenskjöld | 73 |
| Testimony of Starkie Gardner | 74 |
| Testimony of Geikie | 74 |
| Theories as to its submergence | 75 |
| Adhémar's theory | 75 |
| Theory of tidal action | 75 |
| Leibnitz's theory of crust-collapse | 79 |
| Summary of evidence under this head | 82 |
| | |
| CHAPTER IV. | |
| THE TESTIMONY OF PREHISTORIC CLIMATOLOGY. | |
| Primeval temperature at the Pole | 83 |
| The evidence of scientific geogony | 84 |
| The evidence of paleontological botany | 84 |
| Testimony of life-history | 85 |
| Estimates of Professor Heer | 85 |
| Declaration of Sir Charles Lyell | 86 |
| Conclusion | 86 |
| p. xvi | |
| | |
| CHAPTER V. | |
| THE TESTIMONY OF PALEONTOLOGICAL BOTANY. | |
| The starting-point of all floral types | 87 |
| A remarkable recent discovery | 87 |
| Sir Joseph Hooker | 88 |
| The contribution of Heer | 89 |
| Of Professor Asa Gray | 90 |
| The claim of Count Saporta | 90 |
| The conclusions of Otto Kuntze | 92 |
| | |
| CHAPTER VI. | |
| THE TESTIMONY OF PALEONTOLOGICAL ZOÖLOGY. | |
| Geographical distribution of animals | 93 |
| First remarkable fact | 93 |
| Second remarkable fact | 94 |
| Language of Professor Orton | 94 |
| Language of Professor Packard | 94 |
| Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace cited | 95 |
| Conclusion | 95 |
| | |
| CHAPTER VII. | |
| THE TESTIMONY OF PALEONTOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND GENERAL ETHNOLOGY. | |
| One traveler who has been in Eden | 97 |
| His note-books lost | 97 |
| What says Paléoethnique science? | 97 |
| The first conclusions of Quatrefages | 98 |
| His premonitions of a new doctrine | 98 |
| Count Saporta's conclusions | 99 |
| F. Müller and M. Wagner's views | 100 |
| Anthropogony by virtue of ice and cold | 100 |
| An unacceptable theory | 101 |
| | |
| CHAPTER VIII. | |
| CONCLUSION OF PART THIRD. | |
| A word from Principal Dawson | 102 |
| Summary of results thus far | 102 |
| An unexpected reinforcement | 103 |
| "Where did Life Begin?" | 103 |
| Confirmatory extracts | 104 |
| p. xvii | |
| | |
| PART FOURTH. | |
| THE HYPOTHESIS CONFIRMED BY ETHNIC TRADITION. | |
| | |
| CHAPTER I. | |
| ANCIENT COSMOLOGY AND MYTHICAL GEOGRAPHY. | |
| The mistaken modern assumption | 117 |
| The "True Key" | 120 |
| General statement | 121 |
| The "Mountain of the World" | 123 |
| The same in Egyptian Mythology | 124 |
| In the Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian | 126 |
| In the Chinese | 128 |
| Lithe Indo-Aryan | 129 |
| In the Buddhistic | 131 |
| In the Iranian | 133 |
| In the Greek and Roman | 135 |
| The Underworld | 137 |
| Cautions as to interpretation | 137 |
| The chorography of Christian hymns | 138 |
| | |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN ANCIENT JAPANESE THOUGHT. | |
| The most ancient Japanese book | 140 |
| Japanese cosmogony | 140 |
| Izanagi's spear | 140 |
| "The Island of the Congealed Drop" | 141 |
| Sir Edward Reed places it at the Pole | 141 |
| Mr. Griffis reaches the same conclusion | 141 |
| | |
| CHAPTER III. | |
| THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN CHINESE THOUGHT. | |
| The Tauist paradise | 143 |
| Descriptions | 143 |
| The stupendous world-pillar | 144 |
| Connects the terrestrial and celestial paradises | 145 |
| Same idea in the Talmud | 145 |
| "The Strength of the Hill of Sion" | 145 |
| Shang-te's upper and lower palaces | 146 |
| At the celestial and terrestrial Poles | 146 |
| p. xviii | |
| | |
| CHAPTER IV. | |
| THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN EAST ARYAN OR HINDU THOUGHT. | |
| The world of the Brahmans | 148 |
| The abode of Yama | 149 |
| The varshas of the upper world | 150 |
| The northward journey to Mount Meru | 150 |
| The descent to Uttarakuru | 151 |
| Illustrations of the Puranic world | 151 |
| Ilâvrita, the Hindu's Eden | 151 |
| Its north polar position | 151 |
| Lenormant's language | 151 |
| Ritter's unwitting testimony | 154 |
| "The polar region is Meru" | 154 |
| "Meru the Garden of the Tree of Life" | 154 |
| | |
| CHAPTER V. | |
| THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN IRANIAN OR OLD-PERSIAN THOUGHT. | |
| The primitive pair and their abode | 155 |
| Key to the Iranian cosmography | 155 |
| The Chinvat Bridge | 155 |
| Current misinterpretations | 156 |
| Twelve questions answered | 156 |
| True nature of the bridge | 158 |
| Its position | 158 |
| Position of Kvanîras | 158 |
| The mythic geography of the Persians | 159 |
| Diagram of the Keshvares | 159 |
| Polar position of "Iran the Ancient" | 161 |
| | |
| CHAPTER VI. | |
| THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN AKKADIAN, ASSYRIAN, AND BABYLONIAN THOUGHT. | |
| The sacred mountain | 163 |
| Chaldæan cosmology | 163 |
| Lenormant's exposition | 163 |
| Three inconsistencies | 165 |
| Location of the world-mountain | 166 |
| Lenormant's difficulties | 166 |
| The true solution | 168 |
| Two Akkads | 168 |
| The mount of the Underworld | 169 |
| It determines the site of Kharsak | 170 |
| And this the site of the Akkadian Eden | 171 |
| p. xix | |
| | |
| CHAPTER VII. | |
| THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN THOUGHT. | |
| Underestimates of Egyptian science | 172 |
| Six theses in Egyptian cosmology | 173 |
| Its earth a sphere | 174 |
| Northern and southern termini | 174 |
| Four supports of heaven at the North | 174 |
| A parallel in Buddhist cosmology | 175 |
| The southern hemisphere the Underworld | 176 |
| The highest North the abode of the gods | 179 |
| An interesting hieroglyph | 179 |
| Plato's Egyptian Eden-story | 181 |
| | |
| CHAPTER VIII. | |
| THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN ANCIENT GREEK THOUGHT | |
| Supposed discrepancies of tradition | 182 |
| Possible agreement | 182 |
| A reminiscence of Mount Meru | 183 |
| Renan and Lenormant | 183 |
| Lost Atlantis | 184 |
| Deukalion, a man of the North | 186 |
| The Isles of Kronos | 187 |
| The Golden Age | 187 |
| Wolfgang Menzel's verdict | 187 |
| Conclusion and transition | 187 |
| | |
| PART FIFTH. | |
| FURTHER VERIFICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS BASED UPON A STUDY OF THE PECULIARITIES OF A POLAR PARADISE. | |
| | |
| CHAPTER I. | |
| THE EDEN STARS. | |
| Stellar motion at the Pole | 191 |
| Has tradition any reminiscence of such? | 191 |
| The strange doctrine of Anaxagoras | 191 |
| Chaldæan and Egyptian traditions | 193 |
| A natural explanation | 194 |
| The myth of Phaëthon | 195 |
| Iranian and Aztec traditions | 196 |
| Result | 196 |
| p. xx | |
| | |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| THE EDEN DAY. | |
| Length of day at the Pole | 197 |
| Sunrise in the South | 197 |
| The tradition of the Northmen | 199 |
| The tradition of the ancient Persians | 197 |
| The tradition of the East Aryans | 198 |
| The year-day of Homer | 200 |
| The tradition of the Navajos | 201 |
| | |
| CHAPTER III. | |
| THE EDEN ZENITH. | |
| The polar zenith is the Pole | 202 |
| This the true heaven of the first men | 202 |
| The Hebrew conception | 203 |
| The Egyptian conception | 208 |
| The Akkadian conception | 209 |
| The Assyrio-Babylonian conception | 209 |
| The Sabæan conception | 210 |
| The Vedic conception | 210 |
| The Buddhistic conception | 211 |
| The Phœnician conception | 212 |
| The Greek conception | 212 |
| The Etruscan and Roman conception | 213 |
| The Japanese conception | 215 |
| The Chinese conception | 215 |
| The ancient Germanic conception | 217 |
| The ancient Finnic conception | 218 |
| How came the Biblical Eden to be in the East? | 219 |
| Solution of the problem | 219 |
| Confirmations and illustrations | 222 |
| | |
| CHAPTER IV. | |
| THE NAVEL OF THE EARTH. | |
| Prevalence of the expression | 225 |
| Its symbolical and commemorative character | 228 |
| The Jerusalem earth-centre | 234 |
| That of the Greeks | 234 |
| That of the Babylonians | 239 |
| That of the Hindus | 240 |
| p. xxi | |
| That of the Persians | 243 |
| That of the Chinese | 244 |
| That of the Japanese | 245 |
| That of the Northmen | 246 |
| That of the Mexicans | 246 |
| That of the Peruvians and others | 247 |
| Result | 248 |
| | |
| CHAPTER V. | |
| THE QUADRIFURCATE RIVER. | |
| Origin and nature of this river | 250 |
| Sacred hydrography of the Persians | 251 |
| All waters have one headspring | 251 |
| Also one place of discharge | 251 |
| Exposition of the system | 252 |
| Similar ideas among the Greeks | 254 |
| The Vedic system | 257 |
| The Puranic | 259 |
| Traces in Christian legend | 260 |
| | |
| CHAPTER VI. | |
| THE CENTRAL TREE. | |
| The tree in the midst of the garden | 262 |
| Were there two? | 262 |
| Its inevitable significance if at the North Pole | 263 |
| The Yggdrasil of the Northmen | 264 |
| The World-tree of the Akkadians | 264 |
| The Tat-pillar of the Egyptians | 265 |
| The Winged Oak of the Phœnicians | 266 |
| The White Hôm of the Persians | 267 |
| The cosmic Aśvattha of the Hindus | 269 |
| The holy Palm of the Greeks | 270 |
| The Bodhi tree of the Buddhists | 271 |
| The Irmensul of the Saxons | 272 |
| The Arbre Sec of the Middle Ages | 273 |
| The Tong of the Chinese | 274 |
| The World-reed of the Navajos | 274 |
| The Apple-tree of Avalon | 276 |
| The star-bearing World-tree of the Finns | 276 |
| p. xxii | |
| | |
| CHAPTER VII. | |
| THE EXUBERANCE OF LIFE. | |
| Ethnic traditions of the Earth's deterioration | 279 |
| Also of the deterioration of mankind | 281 |
| Stature and longevity of primeval men | 281 |
| All credible on our hypothesis | 284 |
| Language of Professor Nicholson | 285 |
| A citation from Figuier | 285 |
| The gigantic Sequoia of Arctic origin | 286 |
| Animal life in the Tertiary period | 289 |
| Primitive forms by no means monstrosities | 294 |
| All this wealth of fauna from the North | 297 |
| | |
| CHAPTER VIII. | |
| REVIEW OF THE ARGUMENT. | |
| Nature of the argument | 300 |
| Seven tests applicable to any location | 300 |
| Seven others peculiar to a location at the Pole | 300 |
| A double demonstration | 301 |
| Bailly's approximation to the truth | 303 |
| Another independent line of evidence | 303 |
| Philosophy of previous failures | 304 |
| Philosophy of mediæval confusion | 304 |
| Patristic descriptions made plain | 305 |
| The world of Cosmas Indicopleustes | 305 |
| The world of Columbus | 306 |
| The world of Dante | 307 |
| How highest heaven came to be under foot | 309 |
| | |
| PART SIXTH. | |
| THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OUR RESULTS. | |
| | |
| CHAPTER I. | |
| THEIR BEARING UPON THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY AND TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS. | |
| The sciences immediately affected | 313 |
| The services of biology to archæology | 314 |
| The services of archæology to biology | 314 |
| Narrowness of many biologists | 315 |
| Evils thereof | 315 |
| | |
| The true corrective | 317 |
| The latest generalization of paleontology | 317 |
| Anticipated in two Persian myths | 317 |
| Terrestrial life-gamut of the Hindus | 319 |
| Its lesson to students of the Origin of Life | 319 |
| Extraordinary biological conditions | 320 |
| Most favorable of all at the Poles | 320 |
| Biological superiority of the North Pole | 321 |
| Reasons to be more fully investigated | 322 |
| Heightened fascination of polar exploration | 325 |
| | |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| THE BEARING OF OUR RESULTS ON THE STUDY OF ANCIENT LITERATURE. | |
| Darwin's primeval man | 326 |
| His discovery of the sky | 327 |
| And of trees of infinite height | 327 |
| The "short memories" of Vedic worshipers | 327 |
| Their ocean-producing imaginations | 328 |
| Bunbury on Homeric science | 328 |
| Exegetical distortions of ancient thought | 328 |
| Homer's cosmology re-expounded | 329 |
| First, as to the movement of the sun | 329 |
| Second, as to the location of Hades | 332 |
| Third, as to .the cosmic water-system | 333 |
| Fourth, as to the Olympos of the gods | 338 |
| Fifth, as to the tall pillars of Atlas | 350 |
| The exegetical method dictated by our results | 359 |
| Its fruitfulness in the future | 360 |
| | |
| CHAPTER III. | |
| THE BEARING OF OUR RESULTS ON THE PROBLEM OF THE ORIGIN AND EARLIEST FORM OF RELIGION. | |
| The pan-ethnic account | 363 |
| Hume's dissent | 364 |
| The doctrine of Comte | 369 |
| Miller's refutation of primitive fetichism | 370 |
| Sir John Lubbock's scheme | 372 |
| Refutation by Roskoff and others | 375 |
| Caspari's theory | 375 |
| The theory of Jules Baissac | 382 |
| p. xxiv | |
| Current approximations of teaching | 385 |
| As to the origin of the arts | 386 |
| As to intellectual powers of the first men | 386 |
| As to their super-fetichistic attitude | 390 |
| As to their monogamous family form | 392 |
| As to their capacity for monotheism | 397 |
| Seven conclusion | 403 |
| | |
| CHAPTER IV. | |
| THE BEARING OF OUR. RESULTS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND ON THE THEORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATION. | |
| The apostles of primeval savagery | 407 |
| Their doctrine | 407 |
| Sub-savage stupidity of the first men | 408 |
| Dr. Wilhelm Mannhardt's representation | 409 |
| A most important primitive discovery | 410 |
| Daphne not a tree | 410 |
| Emphatic demand for antediluvian longevity | 410 |
| The new Babel | 411 |
| Nine memoranda | 411 |
| Primeval human history | 418 |
| The ancient ethnic view Biblical and true | 419 |
| Plato's antediluvian age | 420 |
| The consensus of all ancient religions | 422 |
| The "Stone Age" in the light of our results | 422 |
| Origin of postdiluvian laws and states | 423 |
| An imaginary conversation | 424 |
| A pagan testimony | 432 |
| To those who hear not Moses and the Prophet's | 432 |
| Conclusion | 432 |
| | |
| APPENDIX. | |
| I. The Earth of Columbus not a True Sphere | 435 |
| II. How the Earth was Peopled | 437 |
| III. Reception of "The True Key" | 450 |
| IV. The Earth and World of the Hindus | 459 |
| V. The World-Pillar of the Rig Veda | 465 |
| VI. Homer's Abode of the Dead | 467 |
| VII. Latest Polar Research | 487 |
| VIII. Trustworthiness of Early Tradition | 492 |
| IX. Index of Authors cited | 497 |
| X. Index to the Work | 502 |