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The Native Tribes of North Central Australia: Index

The Native Tribes of North Central Australia, by Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen [1899] (Unclear:) The letter n indicates footnote. A AEMOARA, name of native drink made from Hakea flowers, 185 relationship of, established during the Engwura, 322 ceremony of releasing from ban of silence, 380 Address, terms of, Mr. McLennan's views with regard to those of Australian natives, 56 et seq. certain terms used by Arunta natives, 56–59, 248, 260 Adze, 591 Alailinga, name given to certain clouds, and to the knocking out of teeth, 451 Alcheringa, meaning of the term, 73 n ancestors, 119 periods of, 387 early traditions of, 388 middle, 394 later, 418 individuals, three forms of, 515 Alatunja, head of local group, powers of, 9 and n, 159 et seq. position hereditary, 10 taking charge of sacred storehouse, 153 taking the lead during ceremony of Intichiuma, 168 inheritance of, 190 Ambilyerikirra, ceremony of, 364 Amera, spear thrower, 582 Ampurtanurra, series of ceremonies concerned with Achilpa totem, 406 Ancestors of Arunta tribe, 119 Apmara, nature and use of, 172 Apulla, ground on which circumcision is performed, 220 Arachitta poles, during circumcision, 239 Ariltha, or sub-incision, 251 et seq. 463 performed by one woman on another, 432. See also Initiation Arri-inkuma, noise made by shouting and moving the hand in front of the mouth, 413 n Arumburinga, a spirit issuing from a Nanja, 513 spirit doubles of living men and women, 513–515 Arungquiltha, meaning of the term, 548 and n. See also Magic Arunta tribe, as an example of ordinary life of natives, 8 social organisation of, 70 marriage system of, 70 relationship terms, 71–73 marriage not restricted by totem, 73 lending of wives, 74 genealogical tree, 80 ceremonies attending marriage, 92–95 license at corrobborees, 96 et seq. totemic system of, 114 et seq., 202 initiation ceremonies, 213 et seq. Atnongara, stones carried by medicine men, 525 Atnuta, name given to limp dead body, 237 Avenging party, 461, 477 Axes, various types of native, 588–592 B Betrothal, 558 Bingongina tribe, ceremony attendant on marriage in, 95 Birds, associated with totems, 448 et seq. spirit of slain man in form of, 494 medicine man assuming form of, in the Mungabera tribe, 533 Blandowski, his account of tooth-knocking out, 453 Blindness caused by magic, 552 Blood, pouring out on the ground during emu ceremony, 179 sprinkling over stone during Unjiamba Intichiuma ceremony, 184 used during ceremonies, 201, 204, 284, 462 taken to women's camp after circumcision, 251 after circumcision at Charlotte Waters, 265 drinking, 341 decorating the Kauaua with, 370 women drawing and forming clay-pan, 433 given to old men, 438, 461 Achilpa man drowning men in, 438 customs concerned with, 460 et seq. drinking when starting on an avenging party, 461 drinking at reconciliation meeting, 462 after performance of Ariltha on women, 463 given to strengthen men and women when ill, 464 used in the making of medicine men, 526 Bones, pieces of, sucked out of a sick man's body by the medicine man, 531 of dead men used for magic in the Kaitish, Iliaura, and Warramunga tribes, 553 Boomerangs, throwing, 21 legs in shape of, 44 description of various, 593–602 Breasts, promoting growth of, 459 Brother, elder, disposing of women in the Urabunna tribe, 63 younger inheriting the Churinga of an elder sister, 89 Bull-roarer, sound of the, believed to be the voice of a spirit, 246 n during the Engwura, 344, 347 two distinct types of in Australia, 634. See also Churinga Burial of Churinga unchima with the natives at death, 156 customs concerned with, 497 et seq. Bush, the, meaning of the Australian term, 97 n Byrne, Mr. P. M., his account of the Kurdaitcha, 477 n C Camp, native, 18, 19 Cannibalism, wild dog men feeding on wild dog men and women, 434 in the Alcheringa, 473–475 Capture, marriage by, 103, 104 of wives, 554–557 Carving, general absence of, 568 Ceremonial objects, 624 et seq. Ceremonies, sacred, concerned with totems, and performed at Lartna, 229, et seq. Okoara during circumcision, 231 boy embracing waninga, 234 head biting, 251 performed at Engwura, 271, et seq. sacred, associated with special spots, 278 Iruntarinia, 294, 515 Ambilyerikirra, 364 releasing Abmoara from ban of silence, 380 teeth-knocking out, 450 nose boring, 459 concerned with blood, etc., 460 dislocating the toe of a Kurdaitcha man, 478 promising unborn child as wife, 560 Ininja, 484 sun totem, 562 Changes introduced by men of ability, 12 by old men, 272 traditions with regard to influence of old men in introducing, 421 Chaurilia, given by newly-initiated men to officials of ceremony, 257 Chilara, head band used for magic, 542 decoration of, 572 Child-birth, customs at, 466 Children, peculiarity in the naming of, 57 n counting descent of, if Arunta man goes into Urabunna tribe, or vice versa, 68 Erathipa stone, 336 Chimbaliri, sacred stick of the Urabunna tribe, 158 Chimurilya, chaplet of bones worn by widow, 503 Churinga, 119, 123, 128 history of the, 128–166 dropped by spirit-child when entering woman, 132 dwelling place of spirit part of individual, 135 remarkable custom connected with a stone, 135 n ideas now associated with, 137 Churinga, name never mentioned in the hearing of strangers, 139 meaning of designs on, 145 designs of, different from those of natives of east and west, 151 absence of stone ones in Southern Arunta, 152 ownership of, 152 of extinct local group taken care of by other men, 153 inheritance of, 154–156 one man owning those of various totems, 155 of other forms than that of bull-roarer, 156 unchima of udnirringita totem, 172 lending and borrowing of, 158, et seq. Ilpintira of emu totem, 179 kangaroo tail at Undiara, 197 carried by Ertwakurka after sub-incision, 257 disposal of during the Engwura, 277 examination of, 287, 324 handed over to a man by a group which has had charge of them, 302 of rat totem to increase growth of beard, 329, 545 old man killing Oruncha with, 447 carried by Alcheringa individuals, 513 Namatwinna used for obtaining wife, 541 of Amunga or fly totem used to cure eyes, 546 Ilkinia, designs of totems, 614, 631–633 Cicatrices, 41, 42 Circles, designs of concentric, 633 Circumcision, amongst Finke natives, 218 by means of fire stick, 222 introduction of, by means of stone knives, 394 Class names introduced by Ullakupera men, 396, 421 changed by women, 433 Class, sub-class, etc. See Organisation. Class system, the present one introduced by men of emu totem, 420, 422 Clothing of women, 27 of men, 30 general description of, 570 Clubs, fighting, 602 Collins, Lieut.-Col., his account of ceremony of tooth-knocking out, 454 Colour of natives, 37 Cooking, methods of, 21–24 Corrobborees, license at, 96 handing on of, 281 n decorations during, 618 Councils of elder men, 15, 272 Counting, limited power of amongst the natives, 25 Cowle, Mr. C. E., on tracking power of natives, 24, 25 reference as to use of Tchintu, 540 Curr, Mr. E. M., on the power which enforces custom, 15 on the “terrible rite,” 263 Customs, changes in, 12, 15 variations in, amongst different tribes, 34, et seq. rudimentary, 105 ancient, preserved in sacred rites, 394, 401 n Cutting, by women after circumcision ceremony, 257 D Davis, Mr. J. M., on capture of women, 103 Dead, not mentioning the name of, 498 Death never supposed to be due to natural causes, 48, 536 after being pointed at with charmed stick, 533 after being injured by charmed spear, 537 Decoration, materials used for, 378, 570 during corrobborees, 618 during sacred ceremonies, 624. See also Engwura Degeneration, lack of evidence of, 54 Descent, counting of, 34, 36 n in the maternal line in the Urabunna tribe, 60, 61 how counted, if an Arunta native goes into the Urabunna tribe, and vice versa, 68 in the paternal line in the Arunta tribe, etc., 70 Designs of Churinga, different from those of natives in the east and west, 151 Dieri tribe, resemblance to the Urabunna, 64 Dingo, the only animal domesticated by the natives, 18 n Dogs, wild, 434 Iruntarinia, 524 barking of, will cause Atnongara stones to leave body of medicine man, 525 Drink, Abmoara made from Hakea flower, 185 ilpirla made from honey-ant, 438 E Earth, ceremony of handing, to man who is to perform circumcision, 231 Eating, the totem, ceremony of, amongst the Udnirringita, 203 kangaroo, 204 Irriakura, 205 Idnimita, 205 bandicoot, 205 Plum-tree men eating plums, 320 Echidna, tradition concerning, 398 Eclipses, 566 Elder men, influence of, 10, 12 council of, at Engwura, 272 Elopement, 542, 543, 556, 558 Emily Gap, traditions associated with, 424 Emu, mode of killing the, 20 totem group, 179 Intichiuma ceremony of, 179 on the eating of the eggs of the, 202 n Erliunpa, place of origin of, 437 emaciated, associated with magic, 548 n feather chignon, 573 Engwura, ceremonies of, 118, 271 et seq., 323 et seq. control of, 280 Erkincha disease, traditions concerning, 168, 169, 443 Ertnatulunga, 133–135 women not allowed to go near to, 134 a primitive “house of refuge,” 135 showing it to young men, 139, 140 contents of one belonging to the honey ant totem, 141 Evening Star, legend of, at Alice Springs, 360 Eylmann, Dr. E., notes on sacred Churinga, 631 F Fight, description of, after elopement, 556 assistance given by particular men, 557 Fire, kangaroo containing it in its body, 208 special one during ceremonies, 239 putting the Arachitta poles through, at circumcision, 244, 246 setting fire to the bough brakes used at circumcision, 244 song during circumcision, 244, 246 Fire, placing of newly-initiated man on by women, 259 throwing over the Illpongwurra by women during the Engwura, 350 throwing over women by the Illpongwurra during the Engwura, 365 ordeal passed through by Illpongwurra, 380 totem, tradition of, 445 origin of, 446 method of making, 582, 584 Fire stick, circumcision by means of, 222 presentation of, to novice, 250 retention of, after introduction of stone knife, 401 n Fison, Rev. Lorimer, on Dieri tribe, 109 Flint, sharp piece of, used in the rite of circumcision, 263 cutting instrument, 591 Fly totem, Churinga used to cure bad eyes, 546 Food, of natives, 21 ceremonies to increase supply of, 169 restrictions during Intichiuma, 171 restrictions in case of Arakurta, 256 given by newly initiated man to officials of ceremony, 269 gift of, to old man to persuade him to show ceremony, 347 restrictions in regard to young people, etc., 467, 473 sent to newly-made medicine man by female relatives, 529 Foreskin, eaten by younger brother amongst Finke natives, 251 buried after circumcision at Charlotte Waters, 268 Frazer, Mr., his definition of a totem, 210, 211 Frog totem, special ceremony of, 344 G Game, hunting, 19–21 Gason, Mr. S., certain customs of the Dieri tribe, Appendix B, 641, 642 Genealogical tree, of Urabunna tribe, 66 of Arunta tribe, 80 Gesture language, 500 Ghost, idea of, amongst the Arunta tribe, 498, 514 Gibber plains, 2 meaning of the term, 2 Glossary of Native Terms, 645 Grave, heaping of the earth on one side of, 497 Grey, Sir G., on the Kobong of certain tribes, 112 on restrictions on eating totem, 206 on origin of totemic names in certain tribes, 209 on food restrictions, 467 Group, marriage, 56 modified form of, in Urabunna tribe, 64 relationship terms, 60 et seq. H Haddon, Professor A. C., design on New Guinea shields, etc., 634 Hair, method of treatment of, 40 pulling out of, on upper lip in Warramunga tribe, 40 girdle laid beside boy at sub-incision to prevent flow of blood, 268 customs concerned with, 465 of dead man used for magic, 538 distribution of girdle, etc., of dead man, 539 use of Churinga to promote growth of, 545 fragment of, not used to harm individual from whom it comes, 559 Hakea flower totem. See Unjiamba Honey ant totem, the, 186 drink made from honey ants, 438 Horn, or trumpet, used for charming women, 545 Howitt, Mr. A. W., on Dieri tribe, 64 showing the Tundun to the novices in the Kurnai tribe, 137 sound of the bull-roarer, believed to be the voice of Tundun, 246 on property in stone, 590 and n Hunting, methods of, 19–21 I Ilchinkinja, name of messenger sent out to summon to the Engwura, 275 Iliaura tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 90 ceremony attendant upon marriage in, 95 bones of dead men used for magic, 553 Ililika, knout used for magic purposes, 540 Ilkinia, totem design, 175 sacred drawing of the Oruncha, 529 Illapurinja, avenging woman, 485–489 Illpongwurra, name given to men passing through the Engwura, 322 sent out into the bush, 347 lying down by the Parra, 351 throwing fire over women, 365 fire ordeal, 372 painting totemic designs on the back of, 376–378 put on the fire by the women, 380 Ilpintira, design of emu totem drawn on the ground, 179 Ilpirla, manna totem, Intichiuma ceremony of, 185 Ilpirra tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 90 marriage in, ceremonies attendant upon, 92 Churinga of, 157 initiation ceremonies of, 213 magic amongst, 553, 554 Imitnia, opossum fur string band for the head, 539 Implements, used by women, 26 general remarks on, 567 et seq. account of various, 604 et seq. Ininja ceremony, 434 Inapertwa, transformed into men and women, 389, 445 Infanticide, 51, 264 Ingwalara, name of medicine man in Southern Arunta tribe, 523 Initiation ceremonies of women, 92–94 of men, 212, 386 throwing boys up, 214 amongst the Finke River natives, 219 handing earth to man who is to perform circumcision, 231 use of Waninga during ceremonies, 231 sub-incision, 231, 263 men lying on top of novice, 236 head-biting, 251 ceremonies amongst Northern Arunta tribe, 260 in Southern Arunta, 265 ceremony concerning women, 457–460 Injilla, a pointing stick, 534 Inkulta, head ornaments, 573 Inpirta, name given to widow in Arunta tribe, 500 Interlinia, native name for emu feather shoes worn by the Kurdaitcha, 477 Intichiuma ceremonies, 11, 169 of Udnirringita totem, 170 of Erlia totem, 179 of Unjiamba totem, 184 of Ilpirla totem, 185 Intichiuma ceremonies— of Yarumpa totem, 186 of Quatcha totem, 189, 199 of Okira totem, 199 meaning of, 202 performed in Alcheringa by Udniringita men, 428 Inwurra, name given to messengers, 159, 160, 162, 164–166 Irna, a pointing stick, 534 Irriakura totem, ceremony of eating, 205 Iruntarinia, spirits, presenting ceremonies to men, 294, 517, 519 habits of, 513 making medicine men, 524 particular individuals who can see and communicate with them, 515 J Jealousy, sexual feeling of, 99, 100 Jus primae noctis, 102 K Kaitish tribe, table of relationship terms, 79 marriage and descent in, 90 ceremonies attendant upon marriage, 94 marriage customs amongst, 107 Churinga and sacred objects of the, 157 Churinga used for magic, 546 head ornament of women, 574 stone knives of, 593 Kangaroo totem, 193 stone at Undiara represents spot where kangaroo died in Alcheringa, 194 animal chased by kangaroo men, 199 Intichiuma ceremony of, 199–201 wanderings of ancestors of totem, 390 Kauaua, sacred pole, cutting down of, 364 decoration of, 370 description and significance of, 629 Kirra-urkna, girdle made of dead man's hair, 539 Kulchia, arm bands, 539 Kurdaitcha, custom of, 476 L Lartna, ceremony of circumcision, 218 Lizard, supposed to reside in body of medicine man, and to give him power of suction, 531. See also Traditions Local groups, names of, divisions of 8–10 areas of country occupied by, 9 distribution of totemic groups, 120–127 Locality relationship, 14, 303, 544 Lonka-lonka, shell ornament, used for charming, 545, 573 Love charms, or whirler to attract women, 541 use of by women, 548 Lubras, Mr. J. M. Davis on the capture of, 103 Luritcha tribe, table of relationship terms, 77, 78 ceremonies attendant upon marriage in, 95 M Magellanic clouds, idea of, 566 Magic, native dread of, 48 belief that other individuals can work evil, 130 associated with Erathipa stone, 336 counteracting influence of, 531 various forms of, 534 et seq. Marilla, design of the Oruncha drawn on the medicine man, 529 McLennan, Mr. J. F., on terms of relationship, 56 on the right of captors, 103 Marriage, in the Urabunna tribe, 63 et seq. in the Arunta tribe, 73–76 not restricted by totem in the Arunta, 73 system in the Ilpirra tribe, 92 ceremonies attendant upon, in the Ilpirra and Arunta tribes, 92, 93 in the Kaitish, 94 in the Warramunga, 95 in the Luritcha and the Iliaura, 95 in the Waagai, 95 in the Bingongina, Iliaura, and Walpari, 119 by capture, 103, 104 discussion concerning customs, 106 et seq. of Urabunna tribe, 108 absence of reference to restrictions in the early traditions, 393 Marriage, tradition concerning the introduction of the present system, 422 See also Group marriage Measurements of natives, 37, 644 Medicine man, accompanying Kurdaitcha, 478 made by Iruntarinia, 523 made by Oruncha, 525 made by other medicine men, 526 drawing design of Oruncha on, 529 determining who has killed a man, 532, 533 Menstruation, customs concerned with the first period of, 460 Message stick, nature and use of, 141 no true one amongst the Arunta tribe, 142 Messengers, 159 lending of women in connection with the sending of messengers, 97 sent to summon to the Engwura, 274 Moon, myths regarding, 562 regarded as male, 564 Morality of the natives, 46 Morton, Mr. A., on sub-incision in the West Australian tribes, 263 n Mother-in-law, 559 Mourning, customs and ceremonies concerned with, 497–511 Mulyanuka, name applied by one moiety of the Arunta tribe to the other, 70 Mushrooms, supposed to be fallen stars, 566 Musical instruments, 604 N Nakrakia, name applied by the members of one moiety of a tribe to the one to which they belong, 71 Namatwinna, a small Churinga used for charming women, 541. See also Magic Names of local divisions, 8–10 personal ones used by natives, 139 secret or sacred ones, 139 Ambaquerka, given to child, 218 Wurtja, given to boy after painting him, 221 Urliara, given to man after the Engwura ceremony, 271 given to novice at Charlotte Waters, 248 Arakurta given after circumcision, 249 Ertwa-kurka, given to initiated man, 256 indicating different grades of initiation, 260 of individuals, Appendix A, 637 Nanja, tree or rock, 124, 513 relation between it and individual, 132 Natives, disposition of, 32 personal appearance, 37 general description of, in the Arunta tribe, 39 et seq. Nose, boring septum, 459 bones called Lalkira, 574 Nung-gara, name of medicine man on Finke River, 523 Nurtunja, sacred poles, etc., 122, 227, 298–300 embracing during ceremony of sub-incision, 254 fresh one made for each ceremony, 345, 346 ceremony in connection with, 360–364 general description of, 627 O Ochre, red, used for rubbing Churinga, 144 deposits of, associated with woman's blood, 442, 464 use of, 568 Okalparra, cave where medicine men are made, 524 Okinchalanina, fur string necklet used by women for magic, 548 Oknanikilla, local totem centre, 123 Oknirabata, name given to famous old men, 187, 447 Old men, traditions with regard to influence of, in introducing changes, 421 Organisation of Urabunna tribe, 59 of Arunta, 70 summary of conditions concerning the Arunta, 421 et seq. Ornaments, personal, 571 Oruncha, or “devil man,” 326 ceremonies concerned with, 329 making medicine men, 525 Orunchertwa, or “devil men,” 447 Orunchilcha, devil's hand, drawn on medicine man, 529 Ownership of land by local groups, 14 in Alcheringa tradition, 431 n P Paintings, native, on rocks, 614, 618 Parra, a special mound on the Engwura ground, 281 Illpongwurra lying down by, 351 Piraungaru, accessory wives in the Urabunna tribe, 109. See also Group marriage Pitchis, 19, 26, 27 description of, 607 Pituri plant, used for stupefying emus, 20 Pleiades, supposed to be women, 566 Pointing sticks and bones, 498, 528, 530 pressed under nail when making medicine man, 528 as magic, pointed at an individual with the idea of injuring him, 534 majority of deaths attributed to poisoned ones, 536 Pole, sacred, 364, 629. See also Kauaua and Nurtunja Pregnancy, food restrictions, 471, 473 “Primitive,” difficulty in applying the term to native tribes, 36 Promiscuity, discussion concerning, 96 Property, local group owning quarry, 590 Q Quabara, term for sacred ceremony in Arunta tribe, 118. See Ceremonies Quatcha, water totem, Intichiuma ceremony of, 189 Quiurnpa, Ulpmerka of, ceremony concerned with, 312 tradition concerning, 314 rock paintings at, 632 See also Engwura traditions R Railtchawa, name of medicine man in the Northern Arunta tribe, 523 Rain totem. See Quatcha making, 189 Red ochre, use of, 30 See Ochre, Therapeutics Reincarnation, idea of, amongst Arunta tribe, 123, 124, 126, 127 Relationship, terms of, Mr. McLennan's views with regard to, 56 remarks on, 56–58 in Urabunna tribe, 65–69 natives acquainted with, 67 ascertaining relationship of man of another tribe, 67, 68 terms in Arunta tribe, 75–79 group relationship recognised in Arunta tribe, 73–75 tables of, in Arunta, 76 Relationship, Luritcha, 77 Kaitish, 79 Warramunga, 80 relationship of Mura tualcha, 88, 558 of Unjipinna, 560 Restrictions applying to individuals after circumcision, 250 See also Food, Marriage Rock paintings, 614, 631 Roth, Mr. W. E., on certain individual terms of relationship amongst Queensland natives, 59, 87 on initiation rites of Queensland natives, 152 tooth-knocking out not an initiation ceremony in Queensland tribes, 214 women decorated as if to fight during circumcision, 220 burning of the brake of boughs used during circumcision, 244 initiation ceremonies of women, 267 on the meaning of sub-incision, 263 handing on of corrobborees, 281 on introcision, 460 medicine men, 532 use of bull-roarers for charming women, 541 system of bartering and trading, 575 S Scars on the bodies of men and women, 41, 42 Sexual jealousy, absence of, among the natives, 99 exercise of magic on the sexual organs by women, 547 Shields, description of, 586 Silence, ban of, removal of by performance of ceremony, 260, 383 Sisters, different treatment of according to whether elder or younger in the Arunta tribe, 88, 89 Smell, projecting into food, 469 Smoke signals, 16 Singing the ground, 284 Snake of Imyunga, the, 444 Social organisation. See Organisation Spears, description of, 575 making and use of miniature one for magic, 550 charming, 537 Spear-throwers, description of, 578 Spindle, 613 Spiral design, 633 Spirit, associated with Churinga, 123 with Nanja, 124 Spirit, child choosing mother, 125 of living man called Yenka, of dead man Ulthana, 168 of kangaroo animals driven out of stone at Intichiuma ceremony, 200 Twanyirika taking boy away at circumcision, 222, 246 precautions taken against that of man killed by avenging party, 494 of dead man during mourning ceremony, 510 individuals, 513, 514 making medicine men, 523 pointing sticks of, 531. See also Iruntarinia Spittle, on tips of fingers used for magic, 552 Star, evening, myth concerning the, 565 Steppes, 1 Sterility, prevalence of, 52 n Sticks, flaked, called Inkulta, worn in hair, 573 pointing. See Pointing sticks and Magic Stirling, Dr. E. C., description of Undiara (Antiarra), 193 n reference to poison stones of Kaitish tribe, 546, 547 on the large knives of the natives, 593 Stone, used at Ilyaba, the Nanja of an Alcheringa man, 188 at Undiara, the Nanja of a kangaroo, 199 Erathipa, traditions concerned with, 334 et seq. Atnongara stones in body of medicine man, 525 given to man to eat when making medicine men, 528 Aperta tukira, representing boils at Undiara, 550 representing emaciated emu, 551 into which evening star is supposed to descend, 565 weapons, 588 on property in, 590 Stone knives, introduction of use of during circumcision, 224, 403, 421 various kinds of, 592–594 Sub-incision, ceremony of, 251 et seq. performed a second time, 251 remarks on, 263 introduction by Achilpa, 402 Sun, regarded as female, 561 ceremony concerned with, 562 heat of, in Tchintu, a magic implement, 541 T Tchintu, magic implement of Wyingurri tribe, 540 Teeth, knocking out not an initiation ceremony in the central tribes, 213 ceremony concerned with knocking out of, 118 n, 450 placed in a man by an Ulthana, 515 Terms, relationship, table of in Arunta, 76 Luritcha, 77 Warramunga, 80. See Relationship, terms of Thanunda, the name given to the platform on which Churinga are stored during the Engwura, 277 Therapeutics, easing wound made by sub-incision, by sitting over fire, 256 blood drinking and rubbing with, 463 fat and red ochre used, 464 eating of ertoacha, part of reproductive organs of opossum, 465 lonka-lonka laid on ill person, 545 Time, words expressing, 25 Thunthunie, name of totem amongst Urabunna, 114 Tongue, cutting hole in medicine man's, 523, 529 Totem, local distribution of groups, 8–10, 121, 126 no obligation for men of same totem to assist one another in the Arunta tribe, etc., 34, 557 regulating marriage in Urabunna tribe, 59, 60 not restricting marriage in Arunta tribe, etc., 73, 121 general account of, 112 predominance of one moiety of the tribe in each, 120, 125 method of acquiring totemic name in Arunta tribe, 124 description of Churinga belonging to particular ones, 142 extinction of local group, 152 eating of, 168, 197, 467 no restriction with regard to the eating of, in the Alcheringa, 207 Intichiuma ceremonies of, 168 kangaroo design at Undiara, 194 kangaroo man afflicted with boils at Undiara, 196 killed by wild dogs, 197 design of Udnirringita, 170 of emu, 179 Totem, wild cat, special restrictions with regard to eating, 168 relationship between the, and the individual, 196, 197 Euro man changing himself into a kangaroo to pursue a kangaroo, 209 changing, 209, 401, 443 design painted on back of novice during circumcision ceremony, 240 an account of ceremonies, 278 et seq. plum-tree man eating plums, 320 designs painted on backs of Illpongwurra, 376 in respect to marriage during Alcheringa, 418. See also Ceremonies, Engwura, Intichiuma Tracking powers, 24, 25 Traditions, kangaroo man afflicted with boils at Undiara, 196 concerning Ulpmerka of Quiurnpa, 288 Erathipa stone, 336, 338 general account of, 387 et seq. Ungambikula, 390 Ulpmerka, 392, 394 Lizard men killing Oruncha, 391 Ullakupera men and circumcision by means of stone knives, 395 Inarlinga or Echidna man, 396 Achilpa, first group, 402 Achilpa, second group, 405 Achilpa, third group, 410 Achilpa, fourth group, 415 emu men introducing present class system, 420, 422 Udnirringita totem, 423 wanderings of three women, 432 wild dog men, 434 two Unjiamba women, 436 emu men, 437 honey ants, 438 lizard men, 439 dancing women, 441 Erkincha, 443 snake of Imyunga, 444 fire totem, 445 origin of fire, 446 Oruncha and the old man, 447 birds associated with totems, 447 Tree, at Ilyaba, the Nanja of an Alcheringa man, 187 where a blind man died associated with magic, 552 Tribe, Arunta, divided into two moieties, 70 Tualcha, use and meaning of term, 87 Tundun, the bull-roarer of the Kurnai tribe, 137 Twins, regarded as something unnatural, 52 U Ullinka, pointing stick used by Iruntarinia, 519, 532 Ulpmerka men, tradition of, 392, 394 Ulthana, spirit of dead man following his killers in the form of a bird, 494 Ultunda, names of stones in medicine man's body amongst Finke natives, 526 et seq. Umbana, special construction of boughs called wurley, used during Udnirringita Intichiuma ceremony, 176 Umbilical cord, making necklace out of, 467 Undiara, description of ceremonies performed at, and traditions as sociated with, 193 et seq. Ungambikula, transforming Inapertwa into men and women, 390 Ungutnika, history of, 196 Unjiamba, traditions regarding the origin of, 122 Intichiuma ceremony of, 184 Unjipinna, relationship of, 559 Unthippa, dancing women, 220 tradition of, 441 Urabunna tribe, organisation of, 59 descent counted in maternal line, 60 marriage restrictions, 61 Piraungaru women, 62 wives allotted by elder brothers, 63 modified form of group marriage in, 64 relationship terms, 65 et seq. genealogical tree, 66, 67 custom of women accompanying messengers, 97 marriage, 108 sacred stick, use of, 158 Wilyaru ceremony. See Appendix B, 640 Urliara, name given to man after Engwura ceremony, 271 Urpmilchima, ceremony at grave, 503 et seq. Urumpilla. See Engwura W Waagai tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 90 Churinga and sacred objects of, 157, 158 Walpari tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 91 Wallet, carried by men, 29, 283, 611 Waninga, a ceremonial object, 231–234, 306–310, 627 Warramunga tribe, table of relationship terms in the, 79 ceremonies attendant upon marriage, 95 sacred objects of, 157 mourning of widows, 500 n head ornaments of women, 572 stone knives of, 594 Water supply of natives, 6, 7 Water totem. See Quatcha Weapons, 28 description of, 574 et seq. Westermarck, Mr. E., on promiscuity, &c., 100–102, 110 White men, how regarded by the natives, 50 Widow, mourning of, 500 ban of silence and removal of, 501 relationship to younger brother of husband, 502 Wilyaru of Urabunna tribe, Appendix B, 640 Wives, no man exclusive right to in the Urabunna tribe, 62 allotted by elder brothers in the Urabunna tribe, 63 restriction of in Arunta tribe, 73 lending of in Arunta tribe, 74 lending of, 106, 108 lending during initiation ceremonies, 267 man presents food to certain members of the side of the tribe to which his wife belongs, 469 procuring by magic, 541 methods of obtaining, 554 et seq. Wizard. See Medicine man, 532 Women, initiation ceremony of, 92, 93 n accompanying messengers, 97 capture of, 103 of the Unjiamba totem taking sacred pole away from Undiara, 195 possessed of greater powers than at present, 195, 196 painted with totemic designs during the Intichiuma ceremony, 176 Women standing at their camp during the Intichiuma ceremony of the honey-ant totem, 186 dancing at the ceremony of circumcision, 220, 267 carrying off the novice during the ceremony of circumcision, 238 rubbing the design from the novice's back during the ceremony of circumcision, 244 stripping the Arachitta poles, 244 presenting of initiated man to, 258 placing initiated man on fire, 259 initiation ceremonies of, 269 ceremony concerned with two Alcheringa women, 286 throwing fire during the Engwura, 350 seeing the Ambilyerikirra, 367, 369 putting the Illpongwurra on the fire, 372, 380 corrobborees, 381 intercourse with, in the Alcheringa, 407, 416 wanderings of, 432, 436 performing ariltha, 432 carrying boys on their shoulders before circumcision, 443 ceremony of knocking out of tooth, 452 ceremony for the promoting of the growth of breasts, 459 ceremony after shedding blood in the presence of, 463 Illapurinja ceremony, 485 offered to avenging party, 491 capture by avenging party, 492, 495 custom at death of husband, 500 et seq. medicine women, 526 using magic upon, 541–543 represented by hole in ground, 550 n Wultha-chelpima, ceremony of lying on novice, 236 Wurtja, name given to novice after painting at circumcision, 221 Y Yam sticks, greased by mother during ceremony of circumcision, 250 Yarumpa, honey-ant, Intichiuma ceremony of, 186